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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H Journal of Zoology.
The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN,
Vol. XYII.
No. 1.
Pages 1—112.
Plates I. — IV.
Issued March 3iid, at the Zoological Museum, Teing.
PRINTED BY HAZELL. WATSON & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
1910.
Vol. XVII.
N0VITATE8 ZOOLOGICAE
EDITED BY
WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. I.
PAOEa
1. THE ARCTIAXAE IN THE TKING
MUSEUM, WITH NOTES AND DE-
SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES . . WaUer Rothschild . .1—85
2. DIE GEOSSEN KANGURUHS UND IHRE
GEOGEAPHISCHEN FORMEN (Plates
^•— I^-) Ernst Schwarz . 6Q — 109
3. NOTES ON EAGLE-OWLS .... Wcdter RotJischild ami
Ernst Uartert . . 110—112
3
^^
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,
Vol. XVIL, 1910
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H 3ouvnal of Zooloo^
IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.
EDITED BY
The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
Dk. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.
Vol. XVII., 1910.
(WITH FIFTEEX PLATES.)
Issued at tiik Zoolooicai. Museum, Thing.
{'RINTED I'.Y HAZKLL, WATSON & VINEY, Ln., LONPON AND AYJjESDUUY.
191(1.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVII. (1910).
MAMMALIA.
1. Die grossen Kiinguruhs und ihre geographischen Foiuien. (Plates
I,— IV.) Ernst Sciiwarz 8G— 109
2. Notes on Sea Elephants. Walter Rothschild 445 — 44G
AVES.
1. Notes on Eagle-Owls. Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert . . 110—112
2. The Birds of Hainan. (Plates V. and VI.) Ernst Hartert . . 189—254
3. The Birds of the Rio Madeira. C. E. IIellmayr 257—428
4. Miscellanea Ornithologica. Ernst Hartert 477 — 483
5. On the Eggs of the Paradiseidae. Ernest Hartert .... 484—491
G. On some necessary alterations in the Nomenclature of Birds. Gregory
M. Mathews 492—503
7. Notes on Meliomis novaehoJlandiae novaehoUandiae and i/. n. diemenenns.
Gregory M. Mathews 504
LEPIDOPTERA.
1. Catalogue of the .Ird/ftHrte in the Tring Museum, with Notis and Dcscrip
tions of New Species. Walter Rothschild ....
2. Ditto [cnvlianiilioii) ..........
3. Descrijitioiis of New Species of Arctimiae in the Triiig Musi'um
Walter Rothschild
4. Some Now Moths. Karl .Iihiiiax ....
5. De.scription3 of New Si/ntoiuiiUi,-. Walter Rothschild
1—85
113-171
172-188
255— 25G
429-445
( vi )
PACES
6. List of the Sphingidae collected by the late W. Hoffmanns at Allianca,
Kio Madeira, Amazonns. Walteh Kothschild and Karl
Jordan ............ 447 — 455
7. Some New Sphingidue. Walter RornsciiiLD and Karl .Jordan . . 45(3 — 459
8. New Forms of tho Aeraeine genera I'laneiiut and Actinote. Karl
Jordan 4G2— 4G9
9. New Satumiidae. Karl Jordan 470 — 476
10. Notes on Arclianae and Descriptions of a few New Species. Walter
Rothschild 504 — 006
11. Description of a New AUaciis. Walter Rothschild 507
DIPTERA.
I.' A New Species of the Dipterous genus Ac/iias Fabr. (Family Orlalidae).
(Plato XV.) Ernest E. Austen 459—401
LIST or PLATES IN VOLUME XVII.
I._IV. Skulls of .}facropjis. By A. J. E. Terzi.
V. Tail of Temnnrns nigra.
VI. Urocissa whitelieadi. By H. Gronvold.
VII. Species of Spelaeornis and Sphenocichla. By H. Gi'onvold.
VIII., IX. Sea Elephants. By H. Gronvold.
X. Eggs of ParadUeidae. By H. Gronvold.
XI.— XIV. Arctianae. By H. Knight.
XV. Diptera and Pepsis. By A. J. E. Terzi.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
Vol. XVII. MARCH, 1910. Ho. 1.
CATALOGUE OF THE ARCTIANAE IN THE THING
MUSEUil, WITH NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OE NEW
SPECIES.
By the HON. W. ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
I HAVE arranged my Arcikinae according to the Catalogue of the Lepidoplera
Pkalacnae in the British Museum, vol. iii., this being tlie most recent work
on the fiimily as a whole. I have, however, included the three genera Goiiotrephcs,
A/tta.ria, and -Xeozatrephes, placed by Sir George Hampson among the Si/ntomiilae,
because I consider these genera, in spite of the absence of the costal vein of the
hindwing, more nearly allied to the Arctianae than to the Si/nlomidae. Considering
the great use and imiwrtance to lepidopterists of the British Museum Catalogue,
it is to be regretted that not sufficient distinction has been empiuisised between
Subspecies and Aberrations. In several instances Sir George Hampson has
cdrrectly separated the subspecies, but in by far the larger number of cases he has
united them indiscriminately under the term " aberration." It cannot be too often
reiterated that a Subspecies is a local race or geographical representative of a given
species, in which the variation from the " type " is more or less uniform and
constant : on the other hand, an Aberration is a sporadic or individual variation
occurring among the typical individuals, and in which, even if several specimens
occur, the variation from the type is rarely if ever uniform and not persistent. A
difference from the type, liowever small, if confined to one locality and to the bulk
of or the whole of the individuals from that locality, is sufficient to separate this
group of individnals as a subspecies ; but, be the difference ever so great, if it
is pnrely individual, not confined to any one locality, and occurs casually with the
typical form, it can (inly be considered an aberration, and, in my opinion, should
not be named. Subspecies, on the other hand, should be named trinomially,
thus : Arctia caja americana.
I have, in the body of this catalogue, given the localities, in many cases, in
an abbreviated form, in order to save time and space. I here enumerate the
principal localities and dates, in full. They are arranged from north to south
eastwards, returning northwards and westwards.
Gold Hill, Oregon, September 1900 (Biedermann).
Duraugo, Colorado, VM)l (E. J. Oslar).
Glenwood Springs, Colorado, .June 1901 (E. J. Oslar).
Grand Junction, Colorado, July 19U1 (E. J. Oslar).
Fort Garland, Colorado, 1901 (E. J. Oslar).
Almosa, Colorado, 1901 (E. J. Oslar).
Frescott, Arizona, July 1902 (E. J. Oslar).
Nogales, Arizona, April — September 1903 (E. J. Oslar).
1
( 2 )
HniU-buco Moiuitains, Arizona, August 1901 (Brenninger), and August 1003
(E. J. Oslar).
Cuernavaca, Mexico, September l'.io4 (Dr. Gadow).
Ilnatnxco, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Orizaba, Mexico, March 1896 (W. Schaus).
Jalapa, Mexico, May — .Tune 1897 (W. Schaus).
Vera Crnz, Mexico.
Guadalajara, Mexico, October 1896 (W. Schaus).
llolgnin, ( 'iiba (H. S. Parish) and (Tolliu).
Newcastle, Jamaica, October 1893 (Tayl(ir).
(^iudad de Guatemala (Rodriguez).
San liamon, Rio Wanks, Nicaragua, 1T."> ft., May — Tune 190o (M. G, Palmer).
•linotega, Nicaragua, 4ln0 ft., January 1900 (M. G. Palmer).
San Jose, Costa Rica, May 15 — Jnue iD, 1899 (Underwood).
Costa Rica, loUO m. (M. de Mathau).
Cartage, Costa Rica, June 1899 (Underwood).
Asahar de Cartago, Costa Rica, February 1899 (Underwood).
Escazn, Costa Rica, August— October 1903 (Underwood).
Carablanco de Sarajjiijui, Costa Rica (Underwood).
Carreblanco, Costa Rica (Lankester).
Bogava, Chiri(ini, 800 ft. (Watson).
Bonijiietc'', Chirii[ui, 3o00 ft. (Watsmi).
Vulcan de Chiriqui, oUUU— 9(J0i.i ft. (Wats-un).
Tobago, March 1897 (Dr. Percy Rendall).
Trinidad (F. Birch).
Port of Si)ain, Trinidad, January 1897 (Dr. Percy Rendall).
Belmont, Port of Spain, Trinidad (E. Lafond).
Caparo, Trinidad, December 19U5 (S. M. Klages).
San Fernando, Trinidad.
Maraval, Trinidad, July 1891.
Tabai^uite, Narieva District, Central Trinidad.
St. Anne's, Trinidad (F. E. Tryhane).
Onaca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 2'MO ft. (wet season), Septemlier —
October 1901 (Engelke).
Cncuta, Venezuela.
Jlcrida, Venezuela, November 1898 — March 1900 (Briceuo).
Tachira, Venezuela (Briceuo).
Valencia, Venezuela.
Snapurc, Venezuela, May 1899 (S. M. Klages).
Palma Sula, Venezuela, 1890 (Wliytman).
Patao Guiria, Venezuela, August 1891.
Cindad Bolivar, Venezuela, September — December 1898 (S. M. Klages).
Maipnres, Orinoco, Venezuela, December 1898 (C^herrie).
Guyapa, (Jaura River, Venezuela, November 24 — December 10, 1902
(S. M. klages).
Maripa, I'aura River, Venezuela (S. M Klages).
La Vuelta, C'aura River, Venezuela, June 1903 (S. M. Klages).
La Union, Caura River, Venezuela, September 1901 -May 1902 (S. 31.
Klages).
( 3 )
Wiikenaaiu Island, British Guiana.
Esseqiiibo River, British Guiana (B. Daffus).
Tumatnraari, British Guiana, December 10U7 (S. M. Klages).
Rio Deinerara, British Guiana.
(Jhristianabnrg, Rio Demerara, British Guiana.
Omai, British Guiana, June 1908 (S. M. Klages).
British Guiana (bought at George Town, Rev. M. Whitlbnl). (This collection
was one made up of several lots sent for sale by the miners at Omai, and caught
at the electric light ; it contained a remarkable number of great rarities. — W. R.)
Bartica, British (juiaua, June I'JOl.
British Guiana (B. Duffus).
Potaro, British Guiana, May 1008 (S. M. Klages).
Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Suriuaiu, Dutch Guiana, April 1905
(S. M. Klages).
St. Laurent de Maroni, French Guiana (Le Moult pere and E. Le Moult).
Obidos, Lower Amazons, Brazil, October — November 1904 (M. de Mathan).
Itaitnba, liio Tapajos to Obidos, Amazons, Brazil, .January — April 19(i6
(W. Hoffmanns).
On board steamer between Mauicapurei and Teffe, Amazons, Brazil, April 1906
(S. M. Klages).
Teffe, Ujiper Amazons, Brazil, June 1906 (W. Hoffmanns).
Teffe, Upper Amazons, Brazil, .September 1907 (M. de Mathan).
Santo Antonio do Javary, Upper Amazons, Brazil, June 1907 (S. M. Klages).
Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, Brazil, May 1906 (S. M. Klages).
Oodajas, Upper Amazons, Brazil, August 1907 (S. M. Klages),
( 'alama, below Rio Machados, Rio Madeira, Brazil, August — October 1907
(\V. Hoffmanns).
Hnmayta, Kio Madeira, Brazil, July — September 1906 (W. Hoffmanns).
Allianca, below San Antonio, Rio Madeira, Brazil, November — December 1907
(W. Hoffmanns).
Minas Geraiis, Brazil, October 1900 (Kennedy).
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (E. May).
Corcovado, Brazil (W. Schaus).
Castro Parana, April Is'.is (E. D. Jones).
Rio Grande do Snl, Brazil.
Elsenan, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, February 19o.j (Dr. Martin).
Sapucay, Paraguay, November 1903 — January lOOij (W. Foster).
Patino-cue, Paraguay, January — May 1904 (Montforts).
Salta, North Argentina (J. Steinbach).
Tncuman, April — May 1905 (J. Steinbach), and May I9n-^ (Dinelli).
Cindad de Tncuman, March 1903 (L. Monetti).
Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 m., August 1906 — April 1007 (J. Steiabiich).
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, East Bolivia, 19o5 — 1906 (J. Steinbach).
San Ernesto, Bolivia, lOOO m., 08° W., 15° S., August^September 1900
(Simons).
Charaj)laya, Bolivia, 1300 m., 65" W., 16" S., July lool (Simons).
Rio Solocame, Bolivia, 1000 m., 67 W., 16' S., January lOol (Simons).
Rio Songo to Rio Suapi, Bolivia, IIOO m., March— Juue 1896 (Garlepp).
Yungas de Coroico, Bolivia, 1800 m., October 1896 — March 1897 (Garlep[)).
(4)
Ciijan, Onzco, Bolivia, November 1901 (Garlejjp).
Upper Rio Toro, La Merced, Bolivia, 30iMi m., Angust. 1001 (Simons).
Clmhimaiii, Bolivia, "iDOi) m. (bej^iuniug of wet season), December (Simous).
Rio Tanampaya, Bolivia, 18',)4 ((iarlepp).
Chimate, Bolivia, ToO m., September lOuu (Simons).
Cnzco, Bolivia, April 1901 (Garlepp).
Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia, H'OO m., September 1890 (Garlepp).
Rio Siiu'iui, Soutli-East Pern, 2.")0o ft. (dry season), Juno lOol (G. U.
Ockenden).
Carabaya (various localities, 2.100-0000 ft.), Jnne 10o4 (G. R. Ockenden).
La Oroya, Rio Inambari, Carabaya, Sonth-East Peru, 3100 ft. (wet season),
March lOO.'i and (dry season) September lOoo (G. R. Ockenden).
Rio Inambari, Carabaya, South-East Pern, 0000 ft., November lOol and 1002
(wet season) (G. R. Ockenden).
La Union, Rio Hnacamayo, t'arabaya, South-East Porn (wet season), December
1904 (G. R. Ockenden),
Rio Hnicamayo, Carabaya, South-East Peru (dry season), Jnne lOOl (G. R.
Ockenden).
Tingnri, Carabaya, South-East Peru, ;UOii ft. (dry season), August 190 1 (G. R.
Ockenden).
Santo Domingo, Carabaya, South-East Peru, (iOOO ft. (dry season), Octobn- 1002
and .Inly 1004 (G. II. Ockenden).
La Union to Santo Domingo, Carabaya, South-East Peru, 2000— (JoOO ft.,
December 1004 (wet season) (G. R. Ockenden).
Oconeqne, Carabaya, Sonth-East Porn, ToOo ft. (dry season), July 1004 (G. R.
Ockenden).
Agualani, Carabaya, South-East Peru, Oooo ft. (wet season). May 1004 (G. R.
Ockenden).
Jjimbani, Carabaya, Soutli-East Peru, OoOO ft. (dry season), May 1904 (G. K.
Ockenden).
Marcapata, East Peru, 4.")00 ft. (G. R. Ockenden).
Caradoc, Marcapata, East Peru, November 1001 (G. R. Ockenden).
Chiri-Mayo, South-East Peru, lOOO m. (dry season), July lool ((J. R.
Ockenden).
Rio Chuchurras, Rio Palcazu, Pern, 32o m. (W. Hoft'manns).
Palcazn, Department of Jnnin, Peru (Sedlmayor).
PozMzn, Ilnanuoo, Pern, Soil— looo m. (\V. Hoffmanns).
llnaneabaujba, Cerro de Pasco, Peru (E. Boettger).
Chanchaniayo, East Pern, 2100—7500 ft.
Chanchamayo, East Peru (Schuucke).
Pebas, Upi)er Amazons, Peru, November lOoCi (M. de Mathan).
Cushi, Province Huanuco, Peru, lOOo m. (W. Hoffmanns).
Rio Mi.\iollo, Province Loreto, Central Peru, June — December 1900
(G. A. Baer).
Kio t!olorado, Peru, 2500 ft., .Vugnst- September ( Watkius).
El Purveuir, East Porn, OOO m., April 1908.
Oxapampa, North Peru.
Lita, f]cuador, 3000 ft. (Flemming).
Quito, Ecuador (W. Goodfellow).
( 5 )
Pambilar, Eenador (Flpinminp: & Minnetta).
Coroiidalet, Ecuador (Flemming &: Mi(jiu'tta).
Qaevedo, West Ecuador (von Bnchwald).
St. Javier, Rio C'acliabi, West Ecuador, GO ft. (Fleiuming & Mi'iuetta).
Rio Cayapas, North- West Ecuador (Fleraraing & Miqiietta).
Salidero, North-West Ecuador, Srd) ft., Fsbrnary 1001 (Fleraraing & Mi.iuetta).
Rio Dnrango, North-West Ecuador, 35i) ft., February 1901 (Fleraraing &
Miqnetta).
Paraniba, Ecuador, 3.")00 ft., January— June IS'-iT, November — ■December 1898,
and January — July 1899 (W. Rosenberg).
Cachabe, Low Country, Ecuador, November 1890 (W. Rosenberg).
Bnlim, Ecuador, 160 ft., December 1900— February lOul (Flemming &
Miqnetta).
>Suno, Upper Rio Napo, Ecuador, May Is'.tO (W. Goodfellow).
Coca, Upper Rio Najw, Ecuador, May — Inly 1899 (W. Goodfellow).
Rio Tiputini, Rio Napo, August 1899 (W. Goodfellow).
Rio Dagua, W. Colombia (W. Rosenberg).
Popayan, Colombia (Lehmann).
Purnio, Colombia, 28 m. (end of rainy season), October — November 189G
(Dr. Biirger).
Cananche, Cundinamarca, Colombia, September 1903 (M. de Mathan).
Guadalite, Cundinamarca, Colombia, July 1903 iM. de Matlian).
San Antonio, West Colombia, November 1907 (M. G. Palraer).
1. Thyrarctia cedo-nuUi (Stoll).
5 dS Tingnri; 1 cf Santo Domingo ; 1 6 Oconeque ; 1 i Rio Demerara ;
1 S P.artica; 1 c? British Guiana (Whitford) ; 1 cJ Fonte Boa ; 1 c? San Ramon.
2. Gronotrephes friga (Drnce).
5 (?c?,4 ? ? Fonte Boa; 3 c? (? La Oroya ; 1 S Tingnri.
3. Robinsonia marginata Rotliscb.
2 ? ? British Gniana (Whitford).
4. R. prophaea Dogn.
11 c?(?, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 21 tJcJ, ■.' ? ? La Oroya; 4 S <S La Union, Carabaya ;
3 c? (? Tingnri ; 2 (? c? Rio Huacamayo ; 1 c? Santo Antonio do Javary.
5. R. suffusa Rothsch.
2 c?-^ Fonte Boa.
6. R. morula Druce.
1 (? Tingnri; 3 c?c? La Oroya ; 1 c? La Union, Canra; 1 cJ Santo Domingo;
1 c? La Union, Carabaya; 1 c? Potaro ; 1 Fonte Boa.
T. R. multimaculata Rothsch.
4 cjc? Santo Domingo.
( c )
S. R. flavomarginata Dmre.
1 ? Amazonas (Mi'ver coll.) : 1 ¥ P.rn/.il.
'.I. R. sanea Drnco.
1 ? Lower Amazons (H. F. H. Prestou).
111. R. rockstouia Schans.
2 9? Fonte Boa; 1 S Potaro; 1 ? Aiuazonas (Meyer coll.).
11. R. lefaivrei Sclians.
1 J, 2 ? ? Fonte Boa.
12. R. deiopea Druce.
1 (? San .load.
i:l R. punctata Rothsch.
1 <? Hnatnxco, Vera Oiiz.
15. R. similis Rothsch.
1 S Caparo; 1 c? Trinidad (F. Birch).
16. R. dewitzi Gnndl.
r. (?r?, 1 ? Merida ; "i 66, ::i ? ? ? (ex coll. Feld.) ; 1 3 Hnatnxco; It?,!?
Brazil; 1 d Costa Rica ; 1 ? Sapncay ; 1 ? Esseqnibo River ; 1 cj, 2 ? ? Maripa,
Canra River; 1 <? La Union to Santo Domingo ; 3 (?(J, 1 ? Caracas, Venezuela.
IT. Neidalia dognini Rothsch.
2 3S Santo Domingo.
18. N. ockendeni spec. nov.
c?. Similar to tloginui but paler and with a third median transverse line from
co?t,a across end of cell.
Uah. 1 $ Tinguri, Caraliaya ; and 1 $ La Oroya, Caral)aya (G. R. Ockcndcn).
19. Idalus citraria Dogn.
^ i$ Santo Domingo; 2 $ i \& Oroya; 2 iS,\ ? Merida.
20. Idalus doncasteri spec nov.
S. Nearest allied to /'. citraria Schans, but at first sight appears very close to
Prumrda suanus Drnce.
Difiers from citraria by having the snbbasal mauve patch above vein 1 much
larger and paler, and not joined by a band to the band from below termen.
This band, instead of ending at vein 1 two-thirds of the distance outwards between
base and tornns, is broken np into a line of spots and ends in a large patch just
above tornns, a snbmarginal row of spots outside this line from termen to tornns,
( 7 )
?. Differs in tieiiitj darker yellow : and instead of only having a small dark dot
before toruus on vein 1, a dot in eell, and one between veins 4 and ;"> and ."> and 'i,
has a dark patch before the tornns and a postmedian and snbterminal row of spots
from torn us to termen.
Hub. Caracas, Venezuela.
2 cJc?,5 ??.
21. I. rosea Schans.
1 c?, 1 ? Colombia (W. E. Pratt) ; 1 S ? (Felder coll.); .3 ? ? Costa Rica;
1 ? Tuis, Costa Rica.
22. I. lineatus Drnce.
1 ? Snapnre.
23. I. hippia Stoll.
9 (5' r? Aroewarwa Creek ; 'i -i S Fonte Boa ; 1 c? Tumatnmari ; ~ S S
Potaro ; 1 c? La Union, Carabaya ; 2 <J 5 Carablanco de Sarapiqni ; 'i S 6 Amazonas
(Felder coll.).
24. I. admirabilis Stoll.
1 c? Ran Ernesto; 1 c? Rio Janeiro; 11 S<i, 2 ?? Fonte Boa; 2 SS
('aparo ; 1 ? San Fernando, Trinidad; 1 d" Bnenavista; 1 S Ija Union to Santo
Domingo; 1 c?, 1 ? Amazonas (Meyer coll.); 1 ? Potaro; 1 ? Sta. Catheriua ;
20 t?c?, 2 ? ? St. Laurent de Maroni ; 1 ? ? (Lindig) (Felder coll.).
25. I. albaecoxae Schans.
1 ? La Oroya.
20. I. pichesensis Dyar.
1 (? Elsenau, Rio Grande do Sul, February 100.5 (Dr. Martin); 1 c? Castro,
Parana; 1 cJ ? ; 1 c? Sta. Catharina; 1 S Minas Geraes ; 1 <? Preto, Minas
Geraes.
27. I. daga daga Dogn.
1 (J San Ernesto ; 1 S Rio Chuchurras ; 1 ? Santo Antonio do .Javary ; 1 ?
Buenavista ; 1 i Caracas, Venezuela.
27a. I. daga dares Drnce.
1 J 1 ? Lita; 1 ? Pambilar.
28. I. pandama Drace.
2 (Jc?, 2 ? ? Fonte Boa; 1 c? Poznzu.
29. I. manora Drnce.
6 c? c? La Oroya ; 1 ^ Fonte Boa.
3n. I. nega Schans.
4 <J (J Fonte Boa ; 2 cJ cJ Aroewarwa Creek.
( s)
31. I. rubens Schans.
2 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek ; 2 c^J" Fonte Boa ; 2 t? cJ Amazonas (Meyer coll.).
32. I. irregularis Rothscli.
2 cT (? Foute Boa.
33. I. xanthia Hmiifsn.
1 6 .Iiilapa ; 1 ? Tuis.
34. I. flavibrunnea Dogn.
10 JrJ, fi ? ? La Oroya; 1 6 Tingnri ; 5 <? (^ Santo Domingo.
35. I. venata Dogn.
1 (? Pozuzu; 1 cJ 1 ?, Santo Domingo; 9 cJc?, 3 ? 9 La Oroya; 2 c?c? La
Union, (iarabaya; 3 J J Tingari ; 1 ? Colombia (W. E. Pratt) ; 2 ? ? Carreblanco.
36. I. melanopasta Dogn.
2 cJcJ, 1 ? La Union, Carabaya; I o" ILunayta; 1 ? Manaos to Rio Yntahi
(Maxwell Stuart) ; 2 cJcJ, 3 ? ? Fonte Boa.
37. I. simplex Hothscli.
5 c?cJ, 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek; 1 c? Potaro.
38. I. lutescens Rothsch.
1 c? Oconeque.
39. I. salmonaceus Rothscb.
1 c?, 1 ? Santo Domingo ; 4 S S Tingnri; 1 S Rio Hnacamayo.
40. Aphyle margaritacea Walk.
" (JcJ, 12 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek.
41. A. affinis RotLscb.
1 c? Rio Hnacamayo; U 6 6, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 2 6S, 2 ? ? La Union,
Carabaya ; 1 ? Teff^ (Mathan).
42. A. albipicta Dogn.
1 (J Fonte Boa.
43. A. cuneata Hmpsn.
I S Fonte Boa ; 1 ? Potaro.
44. A. incarnata Hmpsn.
II cJJ, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 3 S d , 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek; 4 (? J La Union,
Carabaya; 1 ? Tefft^ (Matban) ; 1 ? Allianca ; 1 ? San Antonio do Ja vary.
( " ;
45. Prumala aryllis Scliaus.
1 ? Merida.
46. Pr. palmeri spec. nov.
S. Similar to P. lophocampoidcs Feld., but the whole basal two-tifths of
forewiug obliquely is purple grey-black with exception of costa and snbcostii, and
the transverse band from before termen which in lophocampoules joins the basal
dark area above vein 1 is absent, being replaced by a large subtermiual patch
reaching from costa to vein 5.
Uab. San Antonio, West Colombia (G. M. Palmer).
3 Si.
47. Pr. lophocampoides Feld.
1 ? (Type) Brazil (Feldcr coll.); 1 S Rio de Janeiro; 1 S Minas Geraes;
1 9 Castro Parana.
4Tf/. Pr. lophocampoides fulminans snbsp. nov.
cJ. Differs from loph. lophocampoides in being of a much brighter yellow colour,
and in having all the markings darker, broader and more distinct, and the red
markings on the wings deep bright scarlet. Also the patagia, instead of being
yellow, edged on the inside with red, have only their bases yellow, the rest greyish
purple, edged outside with scarlet. Abdomen above entirely crimson.
¥. Has all markings darker, brighter, wider, and more distinct.
28 c?c? Santo Domingo, t'arabaya ; 13 c?c?, 1 ?, Agnalani ; 1 tJ Rio
Inambari \ 1 $ $ Limbani ; 1 cJ La Oroya; 3 c?c?, 3 ? ? Oconeqne ; 1 i Merida ;
"i i i Caracas, Venezuela.
476. Pr. lophocampoides ipsea (Drnce).
This has been placed by Sir Ueorge lIamp.sou as a synonym of Pr. lopihocam-
poides, but it is a distinct subspecies and must stand as above. It is intermediate
between loph. lophocampoides and loph. intensa.
48. Pr. maculicincta Hmpsn.
2 9? Merida.
40. Pr. indistincta Rothsch.
1 ? Sapucay ; I ? Chiriqui.
50. Pr. jamaicensis Schaus.
1 ? Pratville, September 1893.
51. Pr. suanus Druce.
5 JcJ, 1 9 Oconeque; 7 c?c?, 8 9 9 Santo Domingo; 1 S La Oroya; 1 9
Tiugnri ; 1 9 Merida.
5-'. Pr. ameoides (Butl.).
12 J c?, 1 9 Sauto Domingo; 1 6 Oconeque; 3 (?c? Merida; 1 c?, 1 9 La
Oroya; 1 9 Hnancabamba ; 1 9 Popayan (Lehmann).
( II) )
i>:l Pr. saturata (Walk.).
i:i SS Tdtiiro; 1 (J Alliaiica; 1 S I'crliicc, I'iritish (Juiana; 1 c? Fonto l?oa ;
1 J Pulias, Aiua/.oiias, Xovember lOmi (M. de Mathan); 1 ? British Guiana ; I (^
Amazouas (Felder coll., type of Eiwyrta praetexla Feld.).
54. Pr. sordida Rothsch.
1 S La Union, Carabaya ; 1 J"?; 1 c? Amazonas (Me3'er coll.); 1 ? Sapucay ;
2 ? ? Amazon River (Felder coll.).
S.'). Pr. flavicoUis Rothsch.
1 c? Foute Boa.
oH. Pr. incisa Rothsch.
1 ? Fonte Boa.
57. Pr. prostrata Uogn.
1 i Fonte Boa ; 1 ? British Guiana ; 1 ? Amazonas (Felder coll.).
us. Pr. albicoUis (Feld.).
1 ? Amazon (Bates), Type (Felder coll.); 4 c^c?, 2 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek;
1 (? La Union, Carabaya ; 2 ? ? Fonte Boa.
59. Pr. submarg^inalis Rothsch.
1 <S Minas Geraes ; 1 <? Potaro ; 1 S Caracas, Venezuela.
nit, Pr. intensa Rothsch.
1 cJ, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 1 c? San Antonio do Javary.
61. Pr. fogra Schaus.
2 cJcJ Caracas, Venezuela.
62. Pr. affinis Rothsch.
1 S Santo Domingo; & SS Fonte Boa; 1 S Caradoc ; 1 cj La Union,
Carabaya; 1 6 British Guiaua (Whitford); 1 6 La Oroya ; 1 S Potaro.
63. Pr. ockendeni Rothsch.
7 (?cf, 4 ? ? La Oroya; 2 c? cJ La Union, Carabaj'a ; 1 c?, 1 ¥ Tingnri ;
2 (Jcf, 1 ? Santo Domingo.
64. Pr. similis Rothsch.
3 J (J Fonte Boa ; 1 S (^odajas.
( 11 )
fio. Pr. optimus But I.
Sir George Hampson in vol. iii. of tlio Catalogue wrongly identified this species
with Xoetiia Hits C'ram., hnt has now recognised this error, having received the
true /li/s Oram., which is an A/ifomol/s.
10 J J, 1 ? Potaro; 3 (?c?, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 2 cjc? Rio Demerara, British
Guiaua ; 2 ? ? British Guiana.
06. Pr. hieroglyphica Schaus.
4 (^ J Fonte Boa ; 2 c?c?, 1 ? Potaro.
67. Antaxia abdominalis Herr.-Schaeff.
1 S Santa Catharina ; 1 <S Brazil ; 3 (? c? Sao Paulo.
(58. A. creon Druce.
2 (JcJ Huatuxco ; 1 ? Vera Crnz, Mexico.
69. A. pyrgeon Pruce.
1 6 Boquete, Chiriqui, 3o0n ft. (Watson).
TO. A. meridionalis Sohaus.
28 (?(?, 8 ? ? Santo Domingo; 1 c? Agualani ; 1 S Chiri-Mayo ; C, ^^,1 ?
Oconeque.
71. A. syrissa Druce.
3 c?J Rio Huacamayo.
72 A. aflBnis Rothsch.
1 d La Union, C!arabaya.
73. Premolis schausi Rothsch.
1 cJ Fonte Boa ; 1 ? Calama.
74. Pr. semirafa Walk.
2 c?(?, 1 ? Fonte Boa; G SS, 1 ? La Union, Carabaya ; 1 c? Oodajas ;
2 J cJ Rio Huacamayo ; 1 J La Oroya ; 1 d Santo Domingo ; 1 ? Tefte (Mathan).
75. Pr. rhyssa Drnce.
L") J J La Oroya; 1 d Santo Domingo ; 2 d d Rio Huacamayo.
76. Eupsodosoma bifasciata Cram.
1 <S Rio Huacamayo; 2 c?c?, 1 ? Fonte Boa ; 1 J Rio Demerara; 2 ? ?
('hristianaburg ; 1 d Potaro River, British Guiana.
( 1^ )
77. E. marpessa Drnce.
2 SS Potaro; 1 <? Tumatiimari ; 20 SS Fonte Boa; 4 SS La Union,
C'araba.va; 1 d Aroewarwa Creek; 1 c? Teflfe (Mathaii); 1 d", 1 ? La Union to
Santo Domingo.
78. E. agramma Hrapsn.
1 c? Sapncay ; 1 ? Cncata, Venezuela.
T'.i. E. involuta floridum Grote.
Floridum is not an alierration, hut a good snbspecie.s, and must stand as
above.
1 S Orizaba.
7'.ia. e. involuta involuta .Seiij).
10 S<S Fonte Boa; 3 c? J Bnena vista ; 2 c?cJ Minas Geraes ; 1 S Rio de
.laneiro ; 1 i Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 c?, 1 ? Paraguay (Dr. Bohls) ; 1 i Trinidad ;
I S Maraval, September 1801 ; 12 c?c?, 11 ? ? St. Laurent de Maroni ; 1 S Caracas,
Venezuela.
<S0. E. aberrans Scbans.
This is a very distinct speciqs.
9 c? c? Potaro ; 2 c? c? Caparo ; 1 ? Sapucay ; 1 ? Potaro liiver, British
Guiana ; 1 S ('aracas, Venezuela.
81. E. grandis Rothsch.
1 c? Santo Domingo; 1 ? Rio Huacamayo ; 1 ? Tuis, Costa Rica; I ?
Caradoe.
82. E. albescens Rothsch.
2 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ? British Guiana.
83. Zatrephes nitida Stoll.
o Si, 2 ?? Fonte Boa; 2 cj c? La Union, Carabaya ; 3 cJc? Aroewarwa
Creek.
84. Z. rosacea Rothsch.
12 c?c?, 1 ? Fonte Boa ; 2 ? ? Teffe (Mathan).
8.5. Z. dithyris Hmpsn.
2 S (S,\ ? Aroewarwa Creek.
86. Z. brunnea Rothsch.
3 t?(?, 1 H La Union, Carabaya.
87. Z. rufescens Rothsch.
3 cJcJ, 8 ? ? Fonte Boa: 1 ? Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 ? Aroewarwa
Creek.
( 13 )
88. Z. klag^esi Rothsch.
38 J (^ Fonte Boa.
89. Z. variegata RotUsch.
12 6 (S Fonte Boa.
Ou. Z. ossea ScUaus.
2 S<? Fonte Boa.
'•»1. Z. foliacia Rotliscli.
14 6i,o ? ? Fonte Boa ; 1 <^ Calama.
02. Z. gig-antea Rothsch.
2 ? ? Fonte Boa.
'•»3. Z. trilineata trilineata Hmpsn.
7 S S Fonte Boa ; 1 6 Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ? Surinam (Feliler coll.) ; 1 J
St Laurent de Maroui.
93a. Z. trilineata peruviana subsp. nov.
Differs from triliticata trilineata by having the wings and body powdered with
brownish crimson, not yellow scales, which gives the insect a more mauve tone, also
the postmedian line is nearer the antemediau towards costa.
3 c? (j' La Union, Carabaya ; 1 c? La Union to Santo Domingo.
94. Z. flavida Hmpsn.
■i SS Potaro; VZ S S Fonte Boa ; 1 i Bartica, Brit. Gniana, June 19Ul.
O.J. Z. subflavescens Rothsch.
'i S<S,\ ? Aroewarwa Creek ; 0 ? ? , 1 ? Fonte Boa ; 1 6 I'otaro ; 1 S Santo
Antonio do Javary.
90. Z. cruciata Rothsch.
■Z SS Fonte Boa.
1 cT La Oroya.
•Z a Fonte Boa.
1 <J Fonte Boa.
07. Z. ockendeni Rothsch.
98. Z. griseorufa Rothsch.
99. Z. binotata Rothsch.
lOi). Z. bilineata bilineata Rothsch.
1 cJ La Union, Carabaya.
IhOa. Z. bilineata rufobrunnea Rothsch.
^ c?c^ Fonte Boa.
( H )
lii|. Z. inodesta Schaus.
1 S Aroewarwa Cri'ck ; 1 *' Brilish Guiana.
111.'. Z. sublutescens Hotlisch.
') S6, 1 ? La Oroya ; 1 6 British (iuiana ^\Vliittni-(l; ; 1 rT Tiiignri.
In;! Z. albescens Itothsch.
1 J, I ? Foiite Boa.
lu4. Z. iridescens nom. nov.
1 |iroi)ose this new name for the in.sect 1 de.scrihed under tiio name of nitir/a, as
thore is ah'eady in this genus a it/tii/a described by Stoll.
U 6<i Fonte Boa ; 2 (? c? Potaro.
105. Z. irrorata Uuthsch.
1 S Fonte Boa.
liMi. Z. flavipuncta Uuthsch.
1 J Fonte Boa.
luT. Z. miniata Rothsch.
2 6 6 Fonte Boa ; 1 6 Santo Antonio do Javary.
li),>. Azatrephes discalis \Vaik-.
I'i ??, S 66 Fonte Boa; 2 66 Tinguri ; I 6, 1 l!io Iluacamayo ;
2 ? ? AUianea -,266 La Union, Carabaya ; I 6 Codajas ; 266 Tetie (Mathan).
lu9. Az. paradisea Bull.
1 6 Codajas; 3 6 6, 1 ? Kio Hiiacamayo ; \1 66 Fonte Boa; 2 66 La
Union, Carabaya.
11 1 1. Az. fuliginosa Uothsch.
]2 6 6 Fonte Boa.
111. Neaxia ockendeni Rothsch.
1 6 Rio Huacaujayo : 1 6 Fonte Boa.
11-.'. N. klagesi Rothsch.
2 66 Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 6 I'otaro.
IKi. N. gnosia Jichans.
1 6 Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 <J Fonte Boa ; 1 6 AUiauca.
114. N. theon Druce.
^i 3 6,i ¥ Merida ; 1 6 La Union, Carabaya; 1 ¥ Tinguri.
( 15 )
115. N. bella Schaus.
1 (J Potato; 1 c?, ~ ? ? Aroewarwa Ureuk ; o tJJ, 1 ? Foutc Boa; 1 S La
Uuiou, Caial)aya.
lUi. N. costaricensis Rotbsch.
1 (J Carablanco de Sarapiqui.
1 17. N. kennedyi Uotliscb.
1 S Minas GeraiJs.
118. Eriostepta beata L)ogn.
7 6 6,5 y ? Fonte Boa ; \ 6 ha Uroya ; 2 6 6 La Union, (.larabaya.
ir.i. E. roseireta Ilmpsn.
2 J c?, 1 ? Fonte Boa ; 1 6 Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 6 Santo Antonio do Javary.
12U. E. bacchans Schaus.
2 66 Aroewarwa Creek.
121. E. fulvescens Rothsch.
6 6 6 Fonte Boa ; '^ 6 6 Aroewarwa Creek.
122. Demolis albicostata Ilmpsn.
1 6 Sapucay ; 1 6 Miuas tieraes.
123. D. fiavothorax Rothsch.
1 6 Foute Boa ; 1 c? Teiie (Mathan).
124. Amaxia osmophora Huipsn.
1 6 Onaca, Sta. Marta ; 1 6 Merida.
12.5. A. pulchra Rothsch.
10 66 Santo Domingo ; 2 cJcf La Oroya.
126. A. affinis Rothsch.
23 c? cJ Santo Domingo.
127. A. apyga Hmpsu.
2 66 Rio de Janeiro; :i 66, 1 V Fonte Boa; 1 6 Brazil; 1 6 Amazon
River (Felder coll.).
I2N. Amaxia species ?
I ? Bogota (Felder coll.), too imperfect tu describe.
( 16 )
r~".i. A. pyga Schans.
1 c?, 2 ? ? Costa Hica (Underwood; ; 1 ? Auiazou River (Felder coll.) ; I ? ?■
13ii. A. consistens Schans.
Vi 1^6, 0 ? ? Fonte Boa; 1 ? 8aiito Autonio do Javary.
l;il. A. dyuna Schaus.
1 (J Santo Domingo.
lo~. A. rufobasalis Uotliscli.
'.) 6 S Fonte Boa.
13;^ A. pardalis pardalis Walk.
i> 6 6 Huatuxco.
133a. A. pardalis parva Uothsch.
12 c?cJ Aroewarwa Ureek ; 1 ? Manaos.
134. A. erythrophleps Ilmiisn.
1 J Uuiai ; •'> J J Tuiualnniuri : 2 J J Tutaro ; 8 cJr?, 3 ?V Fonte l!oa ;
1 cJ Amazonas (Meyer coll.).
1 3."). A. hebe JScbaiis.
I S Uio de Janeiro ; 1 ? llio de Janeiro (Felder coll.) ; 4 J J Minas Gurai's.
13(j. A. chaon Dnice.
II <S(? Potaro ; lu oV, 3 ? ? F'onte Boa: o SS Santo Domingo; 1 c?, 1 ?
Aroewarwa Creek ; 2 ? ? Brit. Guiana (Whitford) ; 1 6 Tumatumari ; 1 S Onaca ;
1 ? Costa Rica (Underwood).
137. Evius aurococcinea Walk.
'< d6, I ? Fonte Boa; •"> Jcf, 24 9 V Aroewarwa Creek.
138. Neonerita dorsipuncta lliupsn.
1 6 Calama; 2 ? ? Sapucay.
I3y. N. haematosticta haematosticta Dogn.
8 66, 1 ¥ Limbani ; 'So 6 6 , <3 ? ? Agnalani; 2 66 Ucouciiue ; 1 6 Rio
Hiiacamayo.
I 39a. N. haematosticta parvimacula subsp. nov.
DiHer.-. trum hm'm. iMciiiatti/itirta in the subajiical i)atcb of the t'orewing
being smaller and more wedge-shaped, and the gronnd-colour of the dark markings
paler.
'i 6 6 San Antonio, W. Colombia (U. M. Palmer).
( 17 )
140. Areomolis sang^uinea Hrapsn.
5 (? J Potaro; 3 cJc? La Oroya; Id J d Fonte Boa; 1 S Tingnri.
This insect has two distinct forms: a smaller one, with the yellow
ground-colour almost obliterated by dense fiery scarlet crimson scales, and the
slate-coloured transverse bands powdered with red ; and a larger form where
the red scaling is sparser, more scarlet, and the yellow more visible, the slate
bands being broader and quite devoid of red.
141. A. rhodographa Hrapsn.
1 c? Teffe (Mathan) ; 49 c? (?, 12 ? ? Fonte Boa ; 1 c? Santo Antonio do Javary ;
3 cJc? Codajas.
141a. a. rhodographa peruviana Rothsch.
1 S La Union, Carabaya.
142. A. persimilis Rothsch.
7 (?c?, 3 ? ? Fonte Boa; 0 cJcJ, 3 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek; 2 S<S (!odajas ;
1 cJ Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 ? Allianca ; 2 <J <? La Union, Carabaya.
143. A. alboapicalis Rothsch.
1 ? Aroewarwa Creek.
144. A. griseata Rothsch.
1 J Fonte Boa.
145. Parevia metachryseis Hmpsn.
9 cf cJ, 7 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek.
146. Parevia mathani Rothsch.
1 i Teffe? (Mathan).
147. Parevia maculata Rothsch.
1 ¥ Fonte Boa.
148. Parevia sisenna Druce.
7 ¥ ¥ Aroewarwa Creek.
149. Parevia methaemia Schaas.
8 ? ¥ Aroewarwa Creek.
151). Automolis albescens Rothsch.
1 ? British Guiana (Whitford) ; 1 d Aroewarwa Creek.
151. A. bicolor Rothsch.
1 cJ Valencia, Venezuela ; 1 ¥ Onaca; 1 ¥ Chanchamayo, 210u — 7500 It.
2
( 1?< )
152. A. favillacea IJotlisih.
1 ? Aroewarwa Creek.
153. A. virescens Rothsch.
4 SS,2 ? ? Santo Domingo.
154. A. testacea Rothsch.
1 (?, 1 ? La Union, Carabaya; 1 ? Santo Domingo; 3 (?c?, 2 ? ? Rio
Hnacania^o.
155. A. turniptianoides sp. nov.
c?. Legs, pectns, palpi, and frons black ; verte.x and thorax creani-colonr ;
abdomen bnffy orange. Forewing semih^'aline cream-colonr, a black subt)asal
spot on costa, a median long black patch on costa reaching almost to vein 11, a
black postmedian patch on costa reaching to vein 9, a postmediau black patch
on inner margin reaching beyond vein 1. Hind wing semihyaline cream-colonr,
inner area orange-buff.
Length of forewing : 21 mm.
Hab. Santo Antonio do Javary, Upper Amazons (S. M. Klages).
1 cJ.
15('). A. critheis (Druce).
10 SS Fonte Boa; 1 S Qnevedo, Ecuador ; 1 <? Potaro ; 1 J La Oroya; 1 S
British Gniana (Whitford) ; 1 c? Colombia (Pratt); 1 9 Omai.
157. A. ochreata Schaus.
4 (J (J Aroewarwa Creek.
158. A. ochracea Rothsch.
5 S3,l ? Santo Domingo; 1 cj, 3 ¥ ? La Oroya.
159. A. luteorosea Rothsch.
1 ? Christianabnrg, Brit. Gniana.
160. A. multicolor Rothsch.
2 6<S Potaro.
101. A. herois (Scbans).
1 cJ Potaro ; 2 (J c? Fonte Boa ; 1 S Jalapa ; 1 cJ Orizaba ; 1 <J Lita, Ecuador ;
1 ? Corondalet ; 1 ? Merida.
162. A. irragori Dogn.
1 ? Onaca ; 1 ? Paramba ; 1 ? Merida.
163. A. coacta Dogn.
23 (JcJ Santo Domingo ; 4 c?o Merida; 3 cJcJ La Oroya; 1 c? Tingnri ; 1 J
Hnancabamba; 1 S Popayan (Lehmann) ; 4 S 3 San Antonio (W. Colombia).
( 19)
1''4. A. dogriini apec nov.
?. Similar to coacta. DifFers by the mach more crimson thorax and abdomen,
the black streaks from base of forewing being only 4 in nnmber between costa and
median vein, a black dot neav base on vein 1, and a crimson streak between it and
base : a perfectly straight broad median black band only broken by the white veins,
and bordered with white.
Hal/. La Oroya, Tarabaya (Ockenden).
1 ?.
Ifiy. A. metacrinis Rothsch.
1 J Onaca; 1 ? S.Javier; 1 ? Hio Cayapas ; 1 ? Paramba.
166. A. crinis (Drnce).
1 J, ] ? Costa Hica (Underwood; ; 2 J c? Cindad de Guatemala.
167. A. delicata (Moesch.).
1 (J Jamaica; 1 ? Newcastle, Jamaica.
168. A. larissa (Druce).
1 (? Caparo; 2 Sg Aroewarwa Creek; 1 c? Fonte Boa.
169. A. fasciipuncta Rothsch.
2 (JcJ La Union, Carabaya ; 1 ? La Oroya; 1 6 Fonte Boa.
ITm. a. nigropunctata Rothsch.
1 t? Fonte Boa.
171. A. aleteria Schans.
1 S St. Ann's, Trinidad (F. E. Tryhane) ; 4 ^,2 ?? Fonte Boa ; 1 c^
British Gniana (Whitford) ; 1 cf La Union, Carabaya; 2 Jcf, 2 ? ? Aroewarwa
Creek.
172. A. reducta Walk.
2 cJcJ, 1 ? ? (Feldercoll.); 1 <S Rio de Janeiro ; 1 J Brazil ; 2 <S i Fonte
Boa ; 1 d Rio Demerara.
173. A. lurida (Feld.).
1 S ?, Type (Felder coll.); 12 c?cJ Potaro ; 1 ? Rio Demerara; 2 ? ¥ Britisli
Gniana (Whitford) ; 1 J ? ; 1 J Fonte Boa.
174. A. luridoides spec. nov.
c?. Similar to lurida^ only mncli paler. Differs by the basal bine patch on
forewing being larger and much longer ; the discal and terminal jiatches are nnu-ii
smaller, longer, more obliciue and narrow, all three being broadly margined with
white.
llah. Pretof Minas Geraes.
1 c?.
( 20)
175. A. pseudoflavescens spue. nov.
cJ. Dift'ers irom JIavescens by the paler colour of its forewings, and the dark
jiatch being sharp! )• defined, sooty brown-grey without yellow centre. Hindwings
semiliyaline greyish white, not sooty brown.
Hub. Preto, Minas Geraes.
1 S.
170. A. flavescens (Walk.).
This is quite distinct from asara Druce.
1 <S San Ernesto ; S (?<? Palcazu.
177. A. aureogrisea Rothsch.
2 <? rT Santo Domingo ; 1 c? Marcapata.
178. A. prumaloides Rothsch.
2 tJc? Fonte Boa.
179. A. tripunctata (Druce).
2 cJcJ Tnis, Costa Rica ; 1 c? C'arrelilaiico.
180. A. ockendeni Rothscli.
4 6 d La, Oroya ; 1 S Santo Domingo.
180a. a. ockendeni latlvitta Rothsch.
4 cJ cJ Fonte Boa.
181. A. apicalis Walk.
1 t?, 1 ? Amazons (Bates) (Felder coll.).
182. A. sphingidia (Party).
1 <S ?, Type of Euplesia vittigera Felder ; 1 S Fonte Boa ; 1 S Obidos ; 1 S
Bartica, British Guiana ; 2 iS Amazon River (Felder coll.).
183. A. opposita (Walk.).
1 cJ ?, very imperfect (Felder coll.) ; 1 ? ?, Type of Euplesia ochrophila Felder ;
3 c? <? Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 S Fonte Boa ; 1 S Amazonas (Meyer coll.).
184. A. ditissimus (Walk.).
2 (J <? La Oroya ; 2 jj c? Paramba.
185. A. fenestrata spec. nov.
cJ. Buffy brown : Forewings wood-brown irrorated with buff, a large angnlated
hyaline patch from costa to vein 2, and a small one on outer margin between veins
3 and 4. Hindwing buff.
Length of forewing : 17 mm.
Hab. Amazon River (Felder coll.).
1 (J.
(21 )
186. A. apiciplaga Rothsch.
1 cJ, 1 ? Fonte Boa.
18T. A. flavinotata Rothsch.
1 ? Santo Antonio do .Javary.
188. A. flavomarginata spec. nov.
? . Pectus }-ellow ; palpi, abdomen, and thorax crimson powdered with yellow.
Forewing deep brown mauve, costa and outer margin yellow, a postmedian
large yellow wedge-shaped patch runs from costa to vein 5, the dark area of wing
broadly edged with scarlet. -Hindwing salmon-rose.
Length of forewing : 14 mm.
Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons (S.M. Klages).
1 ?.
189. A. linaza Dogn.
This is quite distinct from lutosa Huebn.
190. A. formana Schans.
1 S Rio Demerara ; 1 cj Foute Boa ; 1 S Christianabnrg ; 1 ? Omai ; 1 ?
Holguin, Cuba.
191. A. juvenis (Schans).
1 c?, 2 ? ? Jalapa.
192. A. citrina (Druce).
3 cJ cJ , 1 ? Merida ; 1 6 Castro, Parana ; 1 c? Sao Paulo ; 1 c? Paraguay
(Dr. Bohls) ; 2 (JcJ, 2 ? ¥ (Jaracas, Venezuela ; 1 ? Patino-Cue.
193. A. pseudidalus Rothsch.
1 ? Fonte Boa.
194. A. pseudopraemolis Rothsch.
3 c? c? La Oroya.
195. A. propinqua Rothsch.
1 3 Rio Hnacamayo.
196. A. divisus (Herr.-Schaeff.).
5 c?<J Santo Domingo; 1 c? Rio Huacamajo ; 1 J' La Union, Carabaya ;
1 <?, 1 ? Tinguri.
197. A. carmesina Rothsch.
^ 6<S,b ? ? Fonte Boa.
198. A. crocos (Cram.).
4 (JcJ Fonte Boa ; 1 (J ? ; 2 ? ? Tefle (Mathan) ; 1 ? Cayenne (Felder coll.).
(22)
190. A. cruenta Roth,-,cb.
3 c? J La Union, f'arabaya ; 1 J Fonte Boa.
~'iMi. A. sauguinolenta (Cram.).
1 S ■' (Felder coll.); 1 S Pozuzn ; 5 c?c? Potaio ; 1 rf, 1 t Tcffe (Mathaa) ;
1 c? C'liristianabiirg ; 1 <i Britisli Guiana ; 1 (? La Union, ('arabaya; 1 tj Aroewarwa
Creek; ^ 66, '^ ? ? Fonte Boa; 1 cf British Guiaua (Wiiitlbnlj.
~'0l. A. grandis ( Drncc).
2 S S La Oroya ; o 66,1 ? Santo Uomingo.
202. A. subflammans Rothsch.
1 6 Sta. C'atharina ; 1 6 Bogota.
2U3. A. flammans Hmpsn.
« 66 La Union, Carabaya; 1 <?, 1 ? British Guiana (Whitford) ; It?,!? Tuis.
204. A. subtruncata Rothsch.
1 d', 2 ? ? Sta. Catharina ; 1 <?, 1 ? Brazil (Felder coll.) ; 1 ? Rio de Janeiro.
205. A. pandiona Stoll.
6 66,0 ? ? Santo Domingo.
206. A. rhodocyma Hmpsn.
11 6 6 Santo Domingo ; 7 6 6 Lei Oroya ; 1 cJ Tinguri ; I 6 Rio Huacamayo ;
1 J La Union, Carabaya.
207. A. brunneireta Dogn.
'i 6 6 Rio Huacamayo ; 4 ? ? Santo Domingo.
208. A. rubrireta Dogn.
2 66 Tingnri ; 1 t^ La Oroya ; 1 6 Santo Domingo.
200. A. semirosea Wallt.
3 66 Fonte Boa; 1 ? Potaro ; 1 6 Amazon River (Felder coll.); 1 ? ?
(Meyer coll.).
2 In. A. juno (Schaus).
1 V ? (Felder coll.) ; 1 ? Amazouas (Meyer coll.) ; 1 6 Nova Friburgo (Peters,
Pi. 14).
211. A. traili (Butl.).
4 cJc? Aroewarwa Creek; lo 6 6, 2 ? ? Fonte I5oa ; 1 6 Potaro; I 6 U%
Union to Santo Domingo.
(23)
212. A. hyalina hyalina Rothsch.
3 c? c? La Oroya ; 2 S S Santo Domiugo ; 1 c? Fonte Boa.
212a. a. hyalina amaculata subap. uov.
Differs from hyaliiui hyalina in the hindwiug being more densely scaled and
entirely buffy yellow ; from toruns to vein 3 the cilia only is sooty, the large sooty
patch of hy. hyalina being absent.
Hab. Colombia (W. E. Pratt).
IcJ.
213. A. griseipennis Rothsch.
7 c?(?, 2 ? ? Fonte Boa ; 1 (? La Union, Carabaya.
214. A. docis Hnebn.
4 (JcJ, 1 ? Itaituba to Obidos ; 2 c?c?, 2 ?? Obidos ; 1 i Brit. Gniaua ;
5 c?(?, 2 ?? Fonte Boa; 1 S Santo Antonio do Javary ; 2 ? ? Bolivia (Felder
coll.) ; 1 ? Brit. Guiana (Whitfurd).
215. A. strigosa (Walk.).
1 S Fonte Boa ; 1 c? La Union, Carabaya ; 1 ? Goyas Town, Jan. 1906
(G. A. Baer) ; 1 ?, Type oi Eucyrta subulifera Feld. ; '2 S S Caracas, Venezuela.
210. A. niveomaculata Rothsch.
1 J La Union, Carabaya.
217. A. albiplaga Schaus.
5 (f c? Fonte Boa.
218. A. klagesi Rothsch.
1 6 Fonte Boa ; 1 ? Codajas.
210. A uniformis Rothsch.
1 cJ Aroewarwa Creek.
22U. A. godmani (Druce).
This is a perfectly distinct species from rutilus Stull.
221. A. cingulata Rothsch.
2 ? ? Quevedo.
222. A. rutilus (Stoll).
1 (J l{io Uagua ; 1 c? St. Laurent de Maroni ; 1 S British Guiana (Whitford) ;
1 S Santu Domingo ; 2 ? ? Valencia ; 1 ? Tette (Mathan) ; 1 c?, 3 ? ? Caracas,
Venezuela.
223. A. persimilis persimilis Rotiisch.
\V> ii La Oroya ; 3 c?(^ Tinguri ; 1 S La Union, Carabaya.
( 24 )
a23A. A. persimilis marginata Uothsch.
] (J Tuis ; 2 ? ? Foiite Boa : 1 ? Codajas.
224. A. separata Walk.
13 c?<? Potaro ; o <? J, 3 J ? Fonte Boa; Z 3 <? , 2 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek ;
1 ? Tnmatnmari.
225. A. sypilus ((Jram.).
5 <? <? Caparo ; 1 ? Paramba.
220. A. pseudomeoides Rotlisch.
4 cJcJ, 2 ? ? La Union, Carabaya ; 2 cJ cJ Foate Boa; 1 6 Maipures, Orinoco,
December 1898 (Cherrie).
227. A. chrysomelas Walk.
1 S Miuas Geraes ; 2 c?c? Petropolis ; 1 ? Sapucay ; 1 ? Sao Paulo ; 1 c?,
Type of Eucijrta geometrica Fekler.
228. A. albimaculifera Hmpsn.
1 c?, I ? Fonte Boa ; 1 (? Teff^ (Mathan).
229. A. contraria Walk.
1 c?? (Felder coll.) ; 1 S Buenavista ; 2 cJcJ Potaro ; 1 S Humayta ; 'i S S
Fonte Boa ; 1 S Teffi^ (Mathan) ; 1 ? La Union, Carabaya.
230. A. sicilia Druce.
1 ? San Pedro Snla, Honduras (fide Fruhstorfer).
231. A. zeazeroides Butl.
1 S Fonte Boa ; 1 S Rio Huacamayo ; 1 c^ La Oroya ; 2 (J(J, 1 ? La Union,
Carabaya.
232. A. latania Druce.
0 tJt^, 3 ? ? Merida; 1 ? Ciicuta, Veneisuela ; 1 ? Caracas, Venezuela.
233. A. orbana Schaus.
1 c? Caparo.
234. A. bonora Schaus.
1 c? Caparo.
235. A. luteola Rothsch.
'■I 6 6 Cncuta, Venezuela ; I i Patau Guiria, Aug. 1«91 ; 1 ? Patino-Cue ; 1 ?
Sapucay.
230. A. superba Drnce.
•Z 66 Fonte Boa.
(25)
237. A. salma Druce.
This is a (juite distinct species from sttperba auJ not the male of it, for 1 have
examined both sexes of each.
1 ? Guyapa, Canra River ; 1 ? Tamatumari.
238. A. elissoides Rothsch.
1 c? Merida ; 1 S Port of Spain ; 1 ? Caparo ; 1 ? Belmont ; 1 ? Rio Solo-
came, Bolivia; 1 ? Belmont, Port of Spain (E. Lafond) ; 2 (J c? Caracas, Veneznela.
239. A. elissa Schans.
3 cJcJ Fonte Boa ; 1 S Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek ;
1 ? Fotaro River, Brit. Gniana.
240. A. pseudelissa Dogn.
1 (?, 1 ? La Oroya; 25 c?cJ, 2 ¥ ¥ Santo Domingo ; b <S S Merida.
241. A. buckleyi buckleyi (Druce).
M, 1 ? San Ernesto.
241a. a. buckleyi harterti Rothsch.
b <SS Fonte Boa.
241 1). A. buckleyi whitfordi Rothsch.
1 c?, 1 ? Brit. Gniana (Whitford).
242. A. garleppi garleppi (Brace).
2 S S San Ernesto ; 2 cJc? Rio Songo to Rio Suapi ; 2 S 3 Cajon, Cuzco ; 1 S
Yungas de Coroico.
242a. a. garleppi pallidipennis subsp. nov.
Uiti'ers from (jar. yarleiJiji in having the liindwings hyaliue-biitf, tinged with
rose on the inner area, not salmon crimson.
Hah. \ SS Fonte Boa ; 2 rj t? La Oroya.
242b. a, garleppi inversa Rothsch.
Aid,! ¥ Santo Domingo.
243. A. rectiradia Hmi)sn.
6 c?f? Fotaro ; 1 r?, 1 ? Amazon River (Felden coll.)
244. A. diliita (Feld.).
1 c? ^ Type (Felder coll.) ; 3 c? c? British Guiana (Whitford) ; 2 c? c? Potaro ;
1 S Santo Domingo ; 2 <? c? < "aparo ; 1 S Trinidad ; 1 c? La Oroya ; 1 c? Valencia ;
1 c? Venezuela; 2 ¥ ¥ Fonte Boa; 1 ? Carupano, Dec. 1801 (C. W. EUacombe) ;
( 26)
2 ? ? San Pedro Snla, Honduras (fide Frnhstorfer) ; 1 ? Jalapa ; 1 ? Tnis ; 1 rT,
1 ? Caracas, Venezuela. The two females from Fonte Boh have entirely black
hiudwings.
246. A. brunnescens brunnesceas Rothsch.
lU c?t?,2 ?? Fonte Boa.
:.'4oA. A. brunnescens unicolor Rothsch.
1 S Buenavista.
246. A. griseonitens Rothsch.
1 c? La Uroya : 1 cJ, 1 ? Santo Domiugo.
247. A. dilucida spec. nov.
(J. Pectus brick-red ; liead and thorax and antennae testaceous ; abdomen
crimson ; both wiugs semihyaline white, basal half of forewings with grey streaks,
a black discocellnlar stigma with grey centre.
Lengtli of furewing : 17 mm.
Hah. Peren6 River, Peru, March 190U.
1 6.
248. A. ruficauda spec. nov.
<?. Pectus and head rosy crimson ; antennae, thorax, and first four segments
of abdomen fuscous, brownish grey ; rest of abdomen rosy crimson. Both wings
testaceous, grey-brown.
Length of forewing : 17 mm.
IlaL Preto, Minas Geraes.
16.
249. A. ardesiaca Rothsch.
2 <? cJ Tnis.
25U. A. angulosa Walk.
1 S Rio de Janeiro ; 1 c?, 1 ? Brazil.
251. A. dolens Druce.
1 ? Sapucay.
252. A. semicostalis Rothsch.
1 S Fonte Boa ; 1 ? Paramaribo, December 1892 (C. W. Ellacombe).
253. A. apicalis Rothsch.
I have come to the conclusion that this is not a subspecies of my semicostalin,
but a distinct species.
1 ? ten miles above Mapiri, Bolivia, 20iMi ft, ls95 (Maxwell Stuart).
254. A. alboatra Rothsch.
1 cJ Fonte Boa ; 1 6 Rio Demerara : 1 rT La Oroya ; 1 t? La Union, Carabaya.
This last specimen lias the sooty margin of hindwing all round the wing and along
the costa.
(27 )
255. A. zonana Schans.
1 cJ La Union, Carabaya ; 1 <? Tinguri.
256. A. moma Schaus.
:> c^ J La Oruya ; s 6 6 Fonte Boa ; 1 cJ Buenavista ; 2 d <S Santo Uomiugo :
1 6 La Union, Carabaya : 1 S Santo Antonio Jo Javary ; 1 c? Tefft^ (Mathan) ; 1 ?
Sta. (Jatliarina.
267. A. underwoodi Rothscb.
1 cT Costa Rica (Underwood).
258. A. fulgurata Butl
1 c? Buenavista.
259. A. melea Drnce.
■iiS, 3 ? ? Merida.
260. A. collateralis Hmpsn.
3<J<J, 3 ? ? Tuis.
261, A. rosenbergi Rothscb.
3cJ(J, 3 ? ? Paramba; 1 V Tacbira, Venezuela; 1 ? Hacienda Ave Maria,
West Ecuador (v. Bucbwald).
262. A. taeniata Gu(?r.
2 (?(? Jalapa ; 2 S6, 2 ? ? Costa Rica (Underwood); r,Ss, 1 ? Orizaba ;
2SS?; 2(?t?, 3??, Huatuxco; 1 t? Vera Cruz; 1 ? Ciudad de Guatemala;
1 ? Tuis ; 1 ? ? (Felder coll.).
263. A. packardi packardi Butl.
1 (? Pebas ; 1 c? Itaitnlja to Obidos ; 1 6 Humayta : 1 S Fonte Boa ; 1 t?
Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ? Rio Demerara.
263a. a. packardi saturata Rothsch.
1 (?, 1 ? Santa Catharina.
264. A. crocopera Schaus.
1 ? Aroewarwa Creek.
265. A. vittipes Walk.
This species has two phases, one in which the ground-colour is reddish salmon,
and the other in which it is golden yellow.
1 (J Amazon River (Felder coll.); 1 c?, 2 ? ¥ Amazon River (Meyer coll.)
1 J, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 2 SS Aroewarwa Creek; 1 <? Sapncay ; 1 ? Bahia ; 1 9
Lita, Ecuador ; 1 ? Pozuzu.
( 28 )
266. A. polystria Schaus.
] S British Guiana (Wbitford).
267. A. stenotis Dogn.
3 cJcJ Fonte Boa.
268. A. pulverosa Schaus.
1 3 Bueuavista; 4 (?t?, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 2 6 6 Ui Union, Carabaya ; 1 ?
Bartica, British Guiana.
•jno. A. asteroides Schaus.
1 J La Union, I'arabaya.
2711. A. reticulata Rothsch.
1 J Fonte Boa.
271. A. semiopalina Feld.
2 ? ? (1 type) Cayenne (Felder coll.) ; 'i 6 S Fonte Boa; 16 Fotaro.
272. A. tybris (Cram,).
1 <S Amazon River ; 1 cJ Rio Demerara ; 1 ? Fonte Boa.
273. A. felderi Rothsch.
1 ? Colombia (Felder coll.).
274. A. intermedia Rothsch.
1 c? ? (Felder coll.); 1 S La Union, Carabaya; 1 6 Allianca; 2 6 <S Ama-
zonas (Meyer coll.) ; 3 cJt? St. Laurent de Maroni.
275. A. vitrea vitrea Stoll.
1 S ? (Felder coll.) ; 1 S Fuute Boa.
275a. a. vitrea borealis Rothsch.
3 c?c?, 2 ? ? Orizaba ; 1 c? St. George (Ellacombe); 1 6 Vera Cruz; 2 c? J,
1 ? Ciudad de Guatemala ; 1 S Rosary Mine, Spanish Honduras, 3000—4000 ft. ;
1 ? lluatuxco ; 1 c? San Pedro Sola, Honduras (tide Fruhstort'er) ; 1 c? Trinidad ;
I 6 Venezuela (Folder coll.); 1 c? Caripe, Venezuela (Mociiucrys) ; S 6 S , 2 ? ?
Caracas, Venezuela.
275b. a. vitrea occidentalis Rothsch.
<3 S 6 Li), Union, Carabaja.
275c. A. vitrea meridionalis Rothsch.
1 <J Sapucay ; 1 6 Brazil.
( 29 )
2rr.. A. lineosa Walk.
2 c? J La Oroya ; 1 <S Tingnri ; 1 ¥ Chrlstianabnrg ; 1 ? Santo Domingo ;
1 S Costa Rica (Underwood).
277. A. erythronata Herr.-SohaefF.
1 (? La Oroya; 1 c? Tingnri ; LS (Jc?, 5 ? ? Ranto Domingo ; 1 cJ, 2 ? ?
Merida; 2 Jc?, 1 9 ? (Felder coll.) ; 1 S San Antonio, W. Colombia (Palmer).
278. A. ilus (Cram.).
In Hampson's Catalogne, vol. iii. p. 07, this species is ennmerated as AiitomoUs
anmdata (Schans), and FJysius optimus Bntler is identified with Xoctua ilus of
Cramer as Priimala ilus. This is an error, and Noctua ilus is a perfectly distinct
insect not in the remotest degree to be confounded with Bntler's optimus.
1 S$,2 ? ¥ Fonte Boa ; 7 c?c?, 3 ¥ ? Aroewarwa (.'reek ; 1 c? Rio Deraerara ;
1 t?Calarao ; 14 c?c? Potaro ; 1 ¥ British Gniana (Whitford) ; 1 ¥ Tnis.
279. A. iloides Schans.
1 S La Union, Carabaya.
280. Castrica phalaenoides (Drury).
2 J c? La Union, Carabaya ; 3 cJ c? La Oroya ; 1 S Santo Domingo ; 1 J Asahar
de Cartago ; 1 ¥ Belmont, Port of Spain, Trinidad (E. Lafond) ; 5 t?c?, 2 ¥ ¥
Caracas, Venezuela.
28L Castrica sordidior Rothsch.
3 c? (? Caparo ; 1 S Fonte Boa.
282. Thyromolis pythia (Drnce).
f> SS Potaro ; 4 c?c? San Ernesto ; 1 i Fonte Boa ; 3 c?cJ Yungas de Coroico.
283. Hypei'andra appendiculatus (Herr.-SchaefF.).
1 c? no label ; 1 ¥ Fonte Boa ; 1 ¥ Suapnre.
284. Hypaedalia enervis (Schans).
4 (? cJ Sao Paulo ; 1 S Preto, Minas Geraes.
285. Cissura unilineata (Dogn.).
8 c?c?, 5 ? ¥ Santo Domingo.
286. Cissura decora Walk.
1 S Santa Catharina ; 2 ¥ ¥ Sao Paulo ; 2 ¥ ¥ ? (Felder coll., 1 type of
Cratosia parallela Feld.).
287. Cissura plumbea Hamps.
8 c?c?, 2 ¥ ? La Oroya; 3 cJJ Santo Domingo; 4 iS, 2 ¥ ¥ La Union,
Carabaya ; 1 ¥ Ynugas de Coroica.
( 30)
288. Melesse amastris Drnce.
27 <?c?, 8 ? ? Santo Domingo; 1 J Hio Hnacamayo; 5 (i<S,:i ? ? Oconeqne ;
1 c?, 1 ? La Oroya; 1 ? San Autonio (Paliupr) ; :5 d S , :J ? ? Orizaba; 2 <3 <S
Hniitnxro ; 1 S Vera Cruz ; 1 ? Jalapa ; 2 ? ? Costa Rioa (Underwood).
289. M. russatus H. E.lw.
1 c? Bnrica Island, Col, Febrnary 4, 1902 (J. H. Batty); 1 d ( losta Rica
(Underwood); 1 S San Jos<i ; 1 ? Hnatnxoo ; 2 ? ? Vera rvny. : 1 ? ? fFelder
coll.) ; 1 ? Volcano de Ciiiriqni ; 1 ? Carri Blanco.
290. M. chozeba chozeba Drnce.
19 (?^, 3 ? ? Santo Domingo ; 8 J (J La Oroya; 3 c?c?, 1 9 Tingnri : 1 <S
Costa Rica; 1 c? Venezuela (Felder coll.); 2 6 d Merida ; 2 ? ? La Union,
Carabaya ; 2 ? ? Fonte Boa.
290a. M. chozeba intensa snbsp. nov.
Similar to chozeba chozeba, bnt the forewings are mnch brighter and more
intense, being of a bright crimson scarlet in the S and mnch more crimson in
the ? ; in the 6 the hindwings are when fresh jirimrose-yellow, not hyaline
cream-colonr.
Hab. 4 (? c?, 2 ? ? San Antonio, West Oolombia (Palmer) ; 2 cJ c? Colombia
(W. E. Pratt).
291. M. dorothea (Stoll).
15 iS Minas Geraes ; 1 c?, 3 ¥ ? Sapi;cay ; 2 c?c? Rio de Janeiro ; 1 6 Brazil ;
3 ? ? La Union, C!arabaya ; 1 ? Upper Rio Toro, La Merced, August— September
1901 (Simons) ; 1 c? Rio de Janeiro (Felder coll.).
292. M. drucei Rotbsch.
1 (? Aroewarwa Creek ; ^i i S Fonte Boa ; ^) 6 S La Union, fjarabaya ; Q <Si,
1 ¥ Potaro ; 1 cJ Omai.
293. M. laodamia Druce.
27 c?(?, 6 ¥ ? Caparo; 1 6 Belmont, Port of Spain (E. Lafond) : 4 cJ<J,4 ¥ ¥
Caracas, Veneznela.
294. M. peruviana Rothsch.
15 <?<?, 2 ¥ ? Santo Domingo; 1 S Tinguri ; 3 (?c? La Oroya.
295. M. hebetis Rothsch.
10 (?(J La Union.
296. M. ocellata Hamiis.
4 SS La Oroya; 1 c?, 1 ? Paramba; 4 Jc?, 1 ? La Union, Carabaya;
2 t?<? Tingnri.
(31 )
297. M. sordida Rothsch.
2 c?(^, 1 ? Santo Domingo; 1 <S Tinguri.
298. M. hampsoni Rothsch.
12 <S(S Potaro; 5 c? t? La Union, Carabaya ; 2 ^ i Fonte Boa; 3 c? (^
Aroewavwa Creek.
299. M. endopyra Hamps.
10 (?c?, 3 ?? Santo Domingo; ■] S i La Oroya; 1 d Rio de Janeiro;
1 S La Union, Canra : 1 c? Tingnri.
300. M. punctata Rothsch.
1 (? Bnlim, Ecuador.
301. M. pusilla Rothsch.
1 (? Potaro ; 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek , 2 S d Fonte Boa.
302. M. nigropunctata Rothsch.
1 cJ Minas Geraes ; 2 cJc? La Union, (Wabaya; 3 ? ? Aroewarwa Greek;
1 ? Buenavista.
303. M. postica Walk.
2 c?c?, 2 ? ? La Oroya; 2 SS La Union, Carabaya ; 1 cJ Rio Hnacauiayo ;
1 6 Aroewarwa Creek; 1 c? Snapnre ; 1 ? Fonte Boa; 1 S Teffe (Mathan) ;
1 i Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 ? Amazon River, 2 ? ? ? (Felder coll.).
304. M. pumila Dogn.
5 (? S Fonte Boa ; 2 <? c? Codajas ; G ? ? Aroewarwa Creek.
305. M. asana Drnce.
1 ¥ Rio Cayapas ; 1 ? Fonte Boa ; 1 ? ? ; 1 ? Paramba; 1 c?, 1 ? Santa
Catharina ; 1 ? Palma Sola, Venezuela ; 1 ? Amazon River (Felder coll.).
306. M. colombiana Rothsch.
1 ? Santa Fi de Bogotd.
307. M. babosa Dogn.
1 <S La Union, Carabaya; 4 cJc? Rio Huacamayo ; 1 ? Marcapata.
308. M. chiriquensis Schaus.
2 S S Carablanco de Sarapiqni.
309. M. klagesi Rothscli.
2 (S S Aroewarwa Creek.
(32 )
310. M. surdus Rothsch.
1 <?, 1 ? Tnmahimari ; 1 S Paramaribo; 5 ?? Fonte Boa; 5 Si, 1 ?
St. Laurent de Maroni ; 1 ? Aroewarwa ( 'reek ; 1 ? S. Javier.
1 ? Hnancaliambn.
1 (? Fonte Boa.
1 ? Sapncay.
11. M. quadripunctata Uotliscli.
312. M. inconspicua Rothsch.
313. M. albogrisea Rothsch.
314. M. incertus Walk.
10 J(? St. Laurent de Maroni; 8 S <S La Union, Caraba_va ; 5 S <S Aroe-
warwa Creek; 4 66 Fonte Boa; 3 <?<? Caparo ; 9 66 Potaro ; 1 6 British
Gniana (Whitford) ; 1 ? La Oroya; 1 6 Amazons (Bates) (Felder coll.).
315. M. flavipuncta Rothsch.
at 66 Caparo; 13 66,Z ? ? Aroewarwa Creek; 2 JcJ, 4 ? ? Fonte Boa;
6 66 Potaro; 1 c?, 1 ¥ Tnmatnmari ; 1 6 Buenavista ; 1 6 San Ramon;
2 66 St. Lanrent de Maroni; 1 ? Santa Catharina ; 1 6 Oraai ; 1 ^j La Union,
r'arabaya ; 1 ? Palma Sola, Venezuela.
316. M. erythrastis Dogn.
6. Pectus pale crimson; palpi and frons brown; vertex and thorax brown-
grey edged with crimson ; abdomen crimson. Forewing except cell entirely
scarlet crimson, slightly washed with bnff on and near outer margin ; cell area
from base to jnst be3-ond discoeellnlars brown. Ilindwing semihyaline rose.
Length of forewing : 14 mm.
Ilab. St. Laurent de Maroni.
1 c?. 1 have described this insect as it is so remarkably like a sutfused
aberration of incertus Walk.
317. Bertholdia albipuncta Schans.
1 6 Hacienda Ave Maria, West Ecuador (v. Buchwald) ; 2 ? ? Valencia,
Veneznela -,366 Jalapa ; 1 <? , 1 ? Venezuela ; 1 ? Rio de Janeiro ; 1 6,
2 ? ? Caracas, Veneznela.
318. B. myosticta Hamps.
~ 6 6 ha. Oroya ; ^) 6 6 La Union, Carabaya ; 1 7 c? cJ, 3 ? ? Santo Domingo ;
2 66,2 ?? Costa Rica (Underwood); 3 ?? Merida ; 2 cJcJ, 1 ? La Union,
Carabaya; 1 <?, 1 ? Rio Hnaeamayo ; 1 ? Colombia (W. E. Pratt); 1 cJ, 1 ?
Tiiis ; i ? Yungas de la Paz ; 2 cJcf , 6 ? ? Carri Blanco : 1 6,4 ? ? Colombia;
1 ? Onaca, Sta. Marta ; 2 cJc?, 4 ? ? Castro Parana; 1 ? liita, Ecuador, 3,000 ft.
(Flemming); 1 cJ, 1 ? Sta. Catharina; 1 ? Paramba.
(33)
319. B. ockendeni Rothsch.
3 SS, ~ ? ? Oconeque; 1 (^, 1 ? San Antonio (Palmer).
320. B. rubromaculata (liothsch.).
i 6 d Oconecjue.
321. B. steinbachi Rothsch.
1 c? Salta; 1 S Tucnman (Steinbach).
322. B. soror Dyar.
1 c? Venezuela (Felder coll.); 4 c?c?, 2 ? ? Memla ; 3 c?c?, 3 ? ? Oindad de
Tncnman; 1 c?, 1 ? Salta; 0 c?c?, 6 ? ? Tucnman (Steinbach); 6 cJcJ, 0 ? ? Srw
Paulo; 2 (?(:?, 4 ? ? Castro Parana; 1 J, 1 ? Minas Geraes ; 1 ? Oconeijue ;
1 d Tucuman (Uinelli) ; 1 ? Valencia, Venezuela; 2 ???; 1 ? Sapucay ; 1 9
Petropolis ; 1 c?, 1 ? Caracas, Venezuela.
323. B. trigona Grote.
1 <S Colorado ; 2 c? c? Dnrango (Oslar).
324. B. schausiana Dyar.
2 c?c?, 1 ? Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 1 cJ Huatuxco.
325. B. specularis specularis (Herr.-Schaeff.).
1 ? Paraguay (Dr. Bohls) ; 2 c?(? Cucuta, Venezuela; 1 ? San Jose ; 2 dS,
4 ? ? Orizaba ; 1 S Quevedo ; 3 c?<? ? ; I (?, 2 ? ? ? (Felder coll.) ; 5 cjc?, .J ? ?
Costa Rica (Underwood); 1 6 Bogava, Chiriqui (Watson); 4 c?c?, 4 ? ? Merida ;
2 ? ? Brazil ; 1 <S Peru ; 2 cf cJ Jalapa ; 1 ¥ Ciudad de Guatemala ; 1 ? Huanca-
bamba ; 1 cJ Minas Geraes ; 1 ? Chiriqui.
325a. B. specularis rufescens snbsp. nov.
DiiFers from spec, specularis in being more suffused with red ; may be good
species.
2 cJ <? Santo Domingo, Carabaya ; 3 ? ? Popayan.
326. B. grisescens Rothsch.
H) c?c?, 4 ? ? La Oroya; 4 cJd", 1 ? Tinguri ; 1 J, 1 ? Santo Domingo;
2 ? ¥ Salidero ; 1 ¥ Upper Rio Toro ; 1 cJ Minas Geraes ; 3 ? ? Santa Catharina ;
3 (Jc? Rio Cayapas; 2 ¥ ¥ Sapucay; 2 ¥ ¥ Colombia; 1 ¥ (W. E. Pratt); 1 ?,
La Merced ; 1 ¥ Coreato, Canca (Paine & Briukley) ; 1 ? Riu Duraugo ; 2 ? ?
Caracas, Venezuela.
327. B. flavodorsata Hamps.
14 c?cf, !^ ¥¥ Santo Domingo; 1 ¥ Merida; 1 cJ La Oroya; 2 S(i,l ?
Ocoueque; 1 $ Paramba.
( 34 )
328. Xauthophaeina laevis (Druce).
1 c? Brazil i Fuldor coll.).
32'.i. Ammalo klagesi RotUsch.
1 ? Fonte Boa.
3*1. A. helops helops (Cram.).
In the north and east of the range of this specie.s .s[)eciiuens frer[uciitly occur
with red patches in the discal area, and, on the other hand, speciinen.s wanting these
spots are not infreiiuent in the south aud west of its range. I think that, never-
theless, in view of the fact that the larger i)roportion of the soutliern and eastern
sjiecimens have the discal patches while on the contrary tiie larger proportion
of northern and eastern specimens lack these patches, tiie two forms might be
retained at present as subspecies, and not treated as individnal aberrations, though
the matter is very uncertain.
3 (Jc? Costa Rica (Underwood); 1 S San Pedro Sula, Honduras (fide Fruh-
storfer) ; 4 c?tj, 1 ? Jamaica (Taylor) ; 8 cJcJ, 2 ? ? Santo Domingo ; 1 S Boulym
House, St. Andrews, Grenada, 170 ft., April ISUO; 1 d St. George's November,
1891 (C. W. Ellacombe) ; 8 c?^, 7 ? ? Fonte Boa ; 1 c?, 1 ? Bahia (Felder coll.) ;
1 S Cucnta, Venezuela ; 3 cf c? Orizaba ; 2 S S Port of Spain ; 1 c? La Union ;
2 S<? British Guiana (Whitford) ; 1 c? Tabaquito, Nariena District, Central
Trinidad ; 1 c? La Oroya; 2 SS Vera Cruz; 1 c? Popayan ; 3 c?(^, 2 ? ? Merida ;
1 (? Quintero, May 30, 1899 (Briceno); 1 c? Walle, Merida, 220(J metres,
June 20, 1899 (Briceno); 1 c? Agualani ; 1 ? Calama, Rio Madeira (Hofl'manus) ;
1 ? Tumatumari ; 3 ¥? Aroewarwa Creek; 2 ?¥ Rio Demerara; 3 ?? Rio
Durango ; 1 ? Asahar de Cartago ; 1 ? Christianabnrg ; 1 ? St. Laurent de
Slaroni.
33()A. A. helops metapyrrha (Walk.).
S iJ(J, 4 ? ? Costa Rica (Underwood); 1 ? Paramba ; 0 ? ¥ Caparo ; I 9
Codajas; 1 ? Escozu, Costa Rica, August— October 1903 (Underwood); 4 ?¥
Fonte Boa; 1 ? San Ernesto; 1 cJ Chauchamayo ; 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek; 1 ?
Rio Demerara: 1 c?, 1 ? Santa Cruz de la Sierra; 1 cJ, 2 ? ? Orizaba; 1 ?
Wakenaara, British Guiana; 1 ? S. Javier, Rio Cachabi (Flemmiug & Miquetta) ;
1 o, 1 ? Miuas Geraiis ; 1 cJ Merida; 1 <3 Vera Cruz; 1 c? Hnatuxco ; 2 tJ cj
Tabaquite ; 1 3,1 ? Me.xico (0. T. Baron); 1 <J Cajon, Cuzco ; 2 cJ .J Cuba;
2 ? ¥ Cuba (Felder coll.); 5 o <J Santo Domingo; 1 cj La Oroya; 1 o Valencia,
Venezuela; 1 <J 1 ¥ ?, 2 ¥ ¥ Trinidad 1 ¥ ? (Felder coll.) ; 1 ? Port of Spain ;
1 3 Caracas, Venezuela; 1 ¥ Sapucay ; 1 ¥ Tobago (Percy Rendall) : I o% 1 ¥
Brazil (Meyer coll.).
331. A. constellata (Dogn.).
1 6 Santo Domingo.
332. A. insulata insulata (Walk.).
2 3 3,: 9 ¥ Belmont, Port of Spain (E. Lafoud); 233,2 ¥ ¥ Aroewarwa
Creek; 1 3 Maraval, July 1891; 1 3, I 9 Purnio, Colombia; 1 3 Palma Sola,
Venezuela; 1 ¥ Sau Pedro Sula; 1 3 Maripa, Caura River; 2 3 3,'S ¥ ¥ Ciudad
Bolivar, Venezuela, September 1S9S— January lS'.t9(S. M. Klages); 2 ¥ ¥ Guyapa,
( 35 )
Canra River; 4 <?(?, 5 ? ? Merida; 1 (J Fort George, September 1891 ; 3 ? ?
Caparo; 1 (?, 6 ? ? Holgnin, Cnba (H. S. Parish); 1 ? Cuba; 2 cJ<J, 4 ? ?
Snapnre, Venezuela; 1 (J, 1 ? St. Laurent de Maroni ; 1 (^ 1 ? Jamaica (Taylor);
1 (J, 1 ? Guadalajara; 4 (JcJ, 2 ? ? Orizaba ; 1 cJ, 1 ? San Josd ; 2 (Jc?, 4 ? ?
Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 8 cJ(J, 1 ? Newcastle, Jamaica ; 2 (?<? British Gniana ;
1 S, 2 ? ? Asahar de Cartago ; 1 o Vera Cruz, Mexico ; 1 (?, 1 ? ? ; 1 <?, 0 ? ?
Jamaica; 1 ? Pratville ; 1 ? San Domingo, West Indies; 1 ? Jalapa ; 1 (J,2 ??
Rio de Janeiro (wrong locality?) ; 1 <J, 1 ? Brazil (Meyer coll.); 3 ? ? Carupano
River, December 1891 (C. W. Ellacombe) ; 1 ? San Ramon, Nicaragua, June 19i).)
(Palmer) ; I 3 ? (Fclder coll.) ; 2 ¥ ? Popayan (Lehmann) : 1 ? St. George,
British Gniana, December lOUl (C. W. Ellacombe) ; 1 ? Valencia, Venezuela ;
1 <J, 1 ? Brazil; 1 ? Sfio Panlo ; 1 ? La Merced, (Jhauchamayo ; 2 (J<J, 2 ? ?
Caracas, Venezuela ; 1 ? Pedrogosa, Merida, SOOD m., October 1897 (Briceilo).
333. Haemanota cubana spec. uov.
(?. Differs from rii.briceps in being darker, more blackish, in the wings being
longer, narrower and more pointed, and in the whole thora.K, including the
metathorax, being scarlet.
Ilah. 1 (? Holguin, Cuba (Parisli) ; 1 ? St. Laurent de Maroni.
334. Glaucostola guttipalpis (Walk.).
3 (?c? Potiiro ; 1 t? Caparo; 1 cJ, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 1 ? Trinidad; 3 ??
Parumba ; 1 ¥ St. Javier, Rio Cachabi (Flemming & Mii^netta).
335. Gl. binotata (Schans).
2 c?(J, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 2 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek ; 2 cJtJ La Union, Carabaya ;
2 ? ? Paramba, 35(^0 ft., June 1897 (^V. Rosenberg).
336. GL flavida (Schaus).
1 t? Potaro ; 1 ^ Caparo.
33T. Gl. metaxantha (Schaus).
1 <? Costa Rica (Underwood).
338. Hyperthaema sauguineata (Walk.).
I c? Popayan ; 11 S6,'i ? ? Santo Domingo; (J c?J, 1 ? La Oroya ; 2 6S
Peru; 8 c? c? lluancabamba ; 1 6 Rio Tanampaya, Bolivia, 1.S94 (Garlejip) ; 2 SS
Cushi, Province Huanuco (W. lloll'manns) ; 1 cf Bogava, Chirinui (Watson).
339. H. haemacta Schaus.
1 S Asahar de Cartago ; 2 ? ? Cacluibi, November 1890 (Rosenberg).
3411. H. coccinata Schaus.
2 cJc? Santo Domingo; 1 S Cajon, Cuzco ; 1 cJ Popayan ; 1 ? La Oroya.
( 36 )
341. H. hoflfmannsi Rothsch.
1 6 Teffe (Hoffmanns) ; 1 ? Teffe' (Mathan) ; 1 ? Alliauca.
34','. Ochrodota pronapides pronapides (Dnice).
4^6, 1 ? I'odajas ; 2 dS, 4 ? ? Fonte Boa; 1 ? llio Cayapas ; 1 ?
Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ? 8. Javier ; 1 ? Rio Uemerara ; 1 ? Carondelet, Ecuador
(Flemmiug >.\: Miqnetta).
34:.'a. 0. pronapides major subsp. iiov.
Similar to jji-on. jjronapidcs, but very mucli larger.
Hab. Chiriqui.
1 ?.
343. 0. similis Rothsch.
12 (?c?, 12 ? ? Fonte Boa; 7 cJt?, 23 ? ? Codajos ; 2 ? ? Sauto Aatouio do
Javary.
344. 0 afSuis Rothsch.
3 <JcJ, 6 ? ? Foute Boa ; 4 ¥ ? Iquitos, 1SU3 (Ma.Kwell Stuartj ; 1 J Telle
(Mathaii).
345. 0. funebris Rothsch.
2 cJvJ Pozuzu.
340. 0. brunnescens Rothsch.
1 (J Aroewarwa Creek; 15 ci'cJ, 1 ¥ Fonte Boa; 4 tJtJ, 1 ? Codajas.
347. 0. atra Rothsch.
3 J (J, 1 ? La Oroya ; 1 S Columbia.
348. 0. tessellata Rothsch.
4 o o, 2 ? ¥ Fonte Boa ; 1 <J Rio Huacamayo ; 1 ? La Oroya.
349. Tessellarctia semivaria (\Valk.).
1 3 Rio Grande do Sul : 1 o Miuiis Gerars ; 1 o ?; '> 6 <S Frcto, Minas
Gerai's.
35(1. T. distiucta Rothsch.
fi (3 <J Fonte Boa.
351. T. ursina (Scluxus).
2 ? ¥ Brazil ; 1 ¥ Rio dc Janeiro.
352; T. cinerascens (Walk.).
1 <S Corcovado; 3 ¥ ¥ Rio de Janeiro ; 1 J Jlinas Oeraes.
353. Pachydota iodea (Herr.-Schaeti.).
2 oo British Guiana j 1 ¥ Newcastle, Jamaica.
( 37 )
354. P. ducasa (Srhans).
1 (J Merida, Yeneznela.
355. P. drucei Rothsch.
1 <J New Grenada (Felder coll.) ; 2 <^ 3 Jalapa.
350. P. affinis Rothsch.
1 o Popayan ; 1 ? Morida.
357. P. peruviana peruviana Rothsch.
lU (J^, 2 ? ? Sauto Domingo; 1 o La Oroya; 1 cJ Tingiiri ; 1 <? Ocone(iue.
357a. p. peruviana palmeri subsp. uov.
3. BiEevs iromthut of per. pertwicma in being Uirger and having the hyaline
whitish area of the hindwings occniiying almost the whole of the wings nearly to
the cilia.
?. Differs iu having the hindwings entirely dark brown with no hyaline area.
Ilab. ] <J, 2 ? ¥ San Antonio, West Colombia (Palmer).
358. P. punctata Rothsch.
2^3, 1 ? Arocwarwa Creek; 2 ? ? La Vnelta ; 1 <?, 9 ? ? La Union,
Caura ; I <? Dominica ; 3 <?<J Paramba ; 1 <J Palma Sola, Vencznela ; 1 ? Bnlira ;
1 ? Rio C'ayapas.
359. P. rosenbergi Rothsch.
1 cJ Paramba.
360. P. albiceps (Walk.).
1 ? Aroewarwa Creek : 1 ? Potaro ; 1 ? (Uxraeas, Venezuela.
361. P. nervosa (Feld.).
I ? Bogota, type (Folder coll.); 12 cjc?, 5 ?? Santo Domingo; 4 ??
Hnancabamba ; 3 ?? Merida; 2 c?c?, 1 ? Paramba: 7 S S La Oroya; 1 ?
Chnlnmaui, Bolivia ; 1 J Rio Mexiello, Department Loreto, Jnne to December
19()0 (G. A. Baer); 2 SS, 2 ?? Chanchamayo ; 1 ? Rio Colorado; 1 ? Rio
Tanampayo.
362. P. striata (Dogn.).
II 36, 4 ¥? Santo Domingo; 1 S Brazil; 2 SS Bogota; 1 c?, 1 ?
Hnancabamba.
363. Carathis palpalis (Walk.).
1 6 Jamaica.
364. Carathis klagesi Rothsch.
7 c?d, 2 ? ¥ Fonte Boa.
305. C. australis Rothsch.
1 ¥ Sta. Catharina,
( :^8)
36fi. C. byblis (Schans).
2 c?c?, 1 ? h% Vuelta; V2 SS, T ? ? La Union, Oanra ; 1 6 Maripa ; 1 ?
Corcovailo.
367. C. gortynoides Grote.
1 i Cnlia (Folder coll.).
30S. C. ockendeni Hotliscli.
1 S Santo Domingo.
3(19. C. affinis Rothsch.
1 c? Oconeqne.
3T0. Nezula grisea Sclians.
2 c?c?, 1 ? Aroewarwa ('reek ; 1 c? Fonte Boa; 1 ? Paramaribo, Jaiiiiary 1892
((.'. W. Ellacombe) ; 1 ¥ Salidero ; 1 ¥ Rio Cayapas.
371. Dialeucias pallidistriata Hanips.
6 r?c?, ;■> ? ¥ Fonte Boa; 1 S Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 S Maripa ; 1 S
La Union, Carabaya ; '2 ¥ ¥ Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ¥ La Vnolta.
372. Syntarctia oenone (Bntl.).
Tiiis i.s quite distinct from (cstacca Moeschler.
24 S6, 15 ¥ ? Fonte Boa; 1 S Itaituba to Obidos ; 3 c?c? Manaos to Yutalii
River (Maxwell Stnart); 2 <S S Amazon River; 13 cJc?, 4 ¥ ¥ (Jodajas ; 1 cJ, 1 ¥
Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1, Paramaribo ; 1 ¥ Cindad Bolivar, Veneznela (Klage.s) ;
1 ? in miles above Mapiri (Maxwell Stnart); 1 ¥ San .Tacinthe Valley, Theophilo
Ottoui, Minas Geraes, 1U07— I'.iUiS (F. Birch).
373. S. testacea Moeschl.
1 S Paramaribo ; 1 ¥ Caparo.
This is (piite distinct from oenone Bntl.
374. S. fasciatus Roth.-icli.
3 c?c? Fonte Boa.
375. S. russus Rothsch.
2 c?cj, 2 ¥ ¥ Fonte Boa; 1 S Codajas ; 1 i Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 $
Iqnitos, 18it3 (Maxwell Stnart).
376. Baritius brunnea Hamps.
3 c?c? Fonte Boa; 5 tJcJ, 1 ? Castro Parana; 1 S Sapucay ; 1 ¥ ?; It?
Parana, Entre Rios ; 1 ¥ Sao Panlo ; 1 ¥ Poznzn ; 2 ¥ ¥ Iquitos, l.s'.)3 (Maxwell
Stnart).
377. B. peculiaris Rothsch.
I J Merida ; 1 ¥ La Union, Carabaya.
( 39)
378. B. haeniorrhoidea Schans.
2 <S(S Tnmatnraari ; 1 J Rio Dagua ; 1 J Tuih, Costa Rica ; 3 ? ? La Vuelta ;
1 J, 4 ? ? Maripa ; 3 ? ? La Union, Caura.
379. B. superba (Schans).
1 9 Costa Rica (Underwood); 1 1, 1 ? Santo Domingo; 1 o Orizaba;
2 <3S Paraiuba; 5 cJcJ, 4 ?? Merida ; 2 3 <1 Hnancabamba ; 1 <1 Vera Crnz,
Mexico; 1 S Jalapa ; 2 <S 3 , I ? La Oro\'a ; 1 ^ Palma Sola, Venezuela; 1 ?
Asahar de Cartago ; 1 cJ Yungas de la Paz; 1 ? Haatnxco ; I <S , I '} Caracas,
Venezuela.
380. B. cepiana Drnce.
1 (J, 1 ? San Antonio (Palmer).
381. B. drucei spec. nov.
?. Forewing soot}' greyish black, somewhat semihyaliue on disc. Hindwing
paler ; abdomen sooty black, banded laterally, and on last half slightly above,
with rosy crimson.
Jiab. Caracas, Venezuela.
1 ?.
382. B. marmorea (Schans).
1 (J Santo Domingo ; 2 <J cJ La Oroya.
383. B. schausi Rothsch.
1 (J Caparo; 1 c?, 1 ? Fonte Boa; 2 <i 3 La Vuelta; 1 ? Maripa: I ?
Allianca.
384. B. venata Rothsch.
1 ? Aroewarwa Creek ; U 33 Fonte Boa.
38.-.. B. eleuthera (Stoll).
2 33 La Union, Carabaya ; 1 S Guadalito ; 1 c? Santo Antonio do Javary ;
1 ? Yungas de la Paz ; 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ? Tinguri.
386. B. eleutheroides Rothsch.
35 (?<?, 3 ? ? Fonte Boa; 3 ^<J, 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek; 1 $ Paramba ;
1 3 Codajas ; I 3 ha. Union, Carabaya ; I 3 ha, Oroya ; 1 ¥ JIanaos to Yutahi
River (Maxwell Stuart) ; 1 3 ha Merced, Chanchamayo ; 1 o Amazon River
(Meyer coll.).
387, B. flavescens Rothsch.
1 c? Fonte Boa.
388. B. affinis spec. nov.
(J. Similar to B. flavescens, but the abdomen is crimson and the forewing covered
with a network of fine red-brown lines. There are on the forewing three dark
browu patches on the costa, au interrupted dark brown subbasal transverse band ;
( 40)
a large dark lirown postmodian and a smaller sulmpical patch, and a lar<;e patch of
(lark brown on inner iuar<,'in.
Ilab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons (Klages).
;i'^9. B. sannionis sannionis Uothsch.
UcfcJ, 1 ? Fonte Boa.
389a. B. sannionis grandis Uothsch.
a cJcJ, 1 ¥ L'l Oroya.
*;mi. Tricypha imperialis Iloyl.
1 (J La Oroya ; 1 tJ Bnlim ; 1 ? Salidero ; 1 ? La Union, Oarabaya.
39 L T. fnrcata Mocschl.
8 (?(?, T ? ¥ Fonte Boa; 4 ¥ ¥ Liiiitos (Maxwell Stuart); 1 ¥ Codajas ; 1 ¥
Aroewarwa Creek; 2 ¥ ¥ Allianca : 1 ¥ Maripa.
392. T. nigrescens Rothsch.
Sapncay.
393. Pelochyta bicolor Rothsch.
1 ¥ Santo Domingo.
394. P. nigrescens (Dogn.).
2 ^(J, 1 ¥ Poziizn ; 0 cJcJ, 8 ¥ ¥ La Oroya ; 2 <J<J, 3 ¥ ¥ Santo Domingo;
1 ? ('ajnn, Cnzco ; 1 o, 1 ¥ Tinguri ; 1 S Yungas de la Paz ; 1 cj Ohiriqiii, Paiianni ;
1 ¥ Hiu Inambari.
39r). P. atra Rothsch.
2 ^ c?, 1 ¥ La Oroya ; 2 cJ ^, 1 ¥ Santo Domingo ; 1 ¥ Oiishi.
39C. P. brunnescens Rothsch.
12 <J (J Santo Domingo ; G (J cJ La Oroya ; 4 cj tj Oconeipie ; 1 3 Pozuza ; 1 o
Cliiriqui : 1 o Merida; 2 J 5, 1 ¥ S. Javier.
39". P. cervina (H. Edw.).
3 cJ(J, 2 ¥ ¥ Orizaba ; 1 ¥ Ciudad de Guatemala ; 1 ¥ ?.
398. P. cinerea (Walk.).
11 0 i", 0 ¥ ¥ La Oroya ; 23 (?<?, 7 ¥ ¥ Santo Domingo ; 4 (J<J, 5 ? 9 Onaca,
Sta. Marta ; 2 (J<J Oconeque; 10 3 3 Castro, Parana; 1 cj Pozuzn ; 5 cJcJ, 2 ¥ ¥,
Sao Panlo; 1 3 Rio Durango ; 1 ^, 1 ¥ Sapncay; 1 cJ, 1 ¥ La Union, (Jarabaya ;
2 33 Bo<iuete, Chirii|ui, 3r)()a ft. (Watson); 2 33 Venezuela; 1 <?, 1 ¥ Brazil, 1 3
Bogota (Felder coll.) ; 1 cj, 1 ¥ Nova Fribnrgo -,233 Hiiatuxco ; 7 <?<J, 4 ¥ ¥
Paramba; 3 <J(J, 2 ¥ ¥ Petropolis ; o cJJ, 4 ¥ ¥ Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 1 3
San Juse; 3 (J<J, 8 ¥ 9 Merida; 1 3 Qnevcdo ; 1 3 Upper Rio Toro, La Merced,
(41 )
Angnst-Sppteraber lOiil (Simons); 1 ? Santa Citharina ; 1 ? Rio Colorado, Pern ;
1 ? (Jiiaucliaraayo; 1 ? Espirito Santo, Brazil; 3 ? ? Chiriqni ; 1 c?, 3 ? ? Tnis,
Costa Rica ; 1 ? Rio Hnacatuayo ; 1 ? Cacliabi, December 1890 (Rosenberg) ; 1 cj,
3 ? ? Colombia; 1 ? Rio Cayapas ; 2 S J Tingiiri ; 1 ? Brazil; 1 <J Marcapata ;
1 ? S. Javier ; 2 ^ cJ Caracas, Veneznela.
399. P. arontes (Stoll).
24(J(?,44 ?? La Union, Caura ; 1 cJ La Vuelta ; 2 <S <S Santo Domingo;
9<JcJ, 10 ? 9 Costa Rica (Underwood); 2<?<J, 1 ? Bnenavista ; 2<S<S, 3¥?
Merida ; 1 cJ, 2 ? ? Valencia, Veneznela ; 1 -S Belmont, Port of Spain ; 1 .^, 2 ? ?
Orizaba ; 1 (?, 1 ? Jalapa ; 1 cJ, 2 ? ? Caparo ; 1 Venezuela (Mocquerys) ; 1 (?,
1 ? Gnyapa, Caiira ; 1 c? San Josd; 2 cji Poznzo ; 1 c?, 2 ? ? Sapncay ; 2 ? ?
Allianca ; 1 ¥ Chiri-Mayo ; 1 ? Palma Sola, Veneznela; 1 <?, 2 ? ¥ Qnevedo ;
1 ? Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ¥ Chirii|ui ; 1 ¥ San Fernando, Trinidad ; 1 ¥ Asaliar
de Cartago ; 1 S Caroudelet, Ecuador; 1 <? S. Javier ; '-i d S , 3 ¥ ¥ Caracas,
Venezuela.
4iMJ. Elysius dryas (Cram.).
Under this name two distinct species have been confused. A smaller, browner
species with a whitish spot as stigma at end of cell, and generally in the J with a
narrow fuscous border to hiudwing. This is the true dri/as. A larger, blacker
species with the stigma either almost absent or else large and surrounded with an
irregular patch of white dots, and the hindwing with a liroad fuscous border to the
hindwing in the S often occupying more than half the wing. This is my omissus
(vide infra).
1 $ New Amsterdam; 1 ? Surinam, February 1n92; 5 c?(J, 0 ¥ ? Aroewarwa
(Jreek; 3 c? c? ? ; M Trinidad (F. Birch) ; 1 tj Suno, Upper Rio Napo, May 1899
(W. Goodfellow) ; 1 c? on board steamer, Manicapurei to TeflFe, April lOiifi (S. M.
Klages); IG $$, 20 ¥ ¥ La Union, Caura; 2 (?<? Gnyapa, Caura; 1 S Fonte Boa.
401. E. pseudodryas Rothsch.
1 c?(Type) La Oroya; 1 c? Pozuzn ; 1 S Chanchamayo; 1 c?, 1 ¥ Sta. tlatharina.
402. E. omissus spec. nov.
S. Pectns crimson ; legs, antennae, head, and jtalpi dark blackish brown ;
collar and base of tegnlae crimson ; thorax, patagia, and rest of tegnlae black-
brown ; abdomen above orange with lateral rows of black spots, last segment
brown-black. Forewing black-brown, irrorated with yellowish along costa and
nervures ; hindwing orange-buff, semihyaline, orange on inner area, with a broad
fnscous brown outer border, reaching from base of costa over termen almost to the
tornus.
¥ . Similar, but more brown, and with pectus and collar orange.
Length of forewing : $ 33 mm., ¥ 33 mm.
Same as dri/as.
llah. 1 S (Type) 0.\apampa, N. Peru; in cJ J La Oroya; 5 <J (5 Huancabamba;
1 cJ Rio Huacamayo; 7 iJcJ Santo Domingo ; 1 cJ Tinguri; 2 <JcJ, 1 ¥ Chanchamayo;
2 (J (J Pozuzu ; 2 ¥ ¥ Popayan (Lehmann) ; 1 cJ, 1 ¥ Qnevedo, W. Ecuador ; 1 S
Calama, Rio Madeira ; 1 <J Comanche, Cnndinamarca ; 1 d Yungas de (!oroico,
(42 )
Bolivia TGarlepp) ; 1")<?<?, 1 ? La Union, (ianra; 1 <J Guvapa, ('aura; 3 S S
Aroewarna Creek; 1 <S Rio Wanks ; 2 S '3 ("osta Rica (Underwood) ; 1 S Asaliar
de Cartage; i) <3 <3 FonteBoa; 1 3 Santo Antonio do Javary; 1 cJ, 1 ? Bnenavista ;
1 ? Chimatc, Bolivia ; 2 6 d Salampione; 1 cJ San Ernesto.
403. E. terranea Rotliseh.
1 c? La Orova.
404. E. pallidicosta ^\'alk.
13 c^J, 2 ?? Santo Domingo; 2 c?c?, 1 ? Oconeijue ; 1 S Cnzco, Pern,
April 1907 (Garlepp) ; 3 (Jc? La Oroya; 2 ?? Rio Tanampaya, Bolivia, 1894
(Garlepp).
40.5. E. lavinea Urnce.
9 cJcf, 2 ? ? Agualaui ; 2 cJ c? Limbani.
4O0. E. carbonarius Dogn.
1 t? Santo Domingo; 1 c? La Oroya; 3 JcJ, 1 ? Hnancabamba ; 2 ??
Oconeqne.
407. E. fuliginosus Rotliseh.
I (J, 1 ? Hnancabamba; 1 <S Santo Domingo; 1 3 Rio Tanampaya; 1 ?
Oxapampa, N. Pern ; 1 o El Porvenir, E. Peru, 900 m., April 1908.
408. E. hades Druce.
3 (?<?, 1 ? La Oroya; 4 <?<?, 3 ? ? Santo Domingo.
409. E. superba superba Drace.
II cJcJ, 11 ? ? Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 2 <J(J, 3 ? ? Orizaba; 2 ^(?, 2 ? ?
Merida ; 3 cJ 5 San .Tos(^, Costa Rica ; 2 ^ (J Jalapa ; 1 cJ British Guiana
(Whitford); 1 Huatnxco, Vera Cruz; 1 <J, I ? Tnis, Co.sta Rica; 2 ??
Carreblanco, Costa Rica (Lankester) ; 2 ? ? Asabar de Cartago ; 1 San Jose :
2 Venezuela (Felder coll.).
409a. E. superba hampsoni Dogn.
This is only the Ecuadorian and Peruvian subspecies of superba.
14cJc?,l ? La Oroya; 1 o' ? (Felder coll.) ; In 3S,8 ?? Santo Domingo;
5 <J<J, 1 ? Tingnri; 1 ? Lita, Ecuador (Flamming) ; 1 ? Chiri-Mayo.
410. E. francki Schans.
3 cJcJ, 2 ? ? Castro Parana ; 3 (3<J, 4 ? ? Ciudad de Tucuman (Monetti) ;
4 <?<?, 2 ?? Tucuman (Stcinbach) ; 1 S Nova Friborgo (Peters); 1 (J Salta ;
2 5cJ, 1 ? Minas Geraiis; 1 a Reyes (Stuart); 1 6 Rio Songo (Garlepp) ; 3 (J <J
Hnancabamba; 1 S Goyaz town, January 1906 (G. A. Baer) ; 1 3 Yungas de la
Paz (Garlepp); 1 5, 1 ? Sapucay ; 1 ? Patino Cue; 1 S Province Rio; 1 ? ? ;
3 ¥ ? Province Tucuman, Argentina (Baer); 2 (J(J, 2 ? ? Caracas, Venezuela.
(43 )
411. E. ochrota Ilaraps.
3 ^(? Oconeqne; 1 c? Huxiicabamba ; 2 3 -i Santo Domingo; 1 <3 Sau
Autouio, West ( -olombia, December 1U07 (M. G. Palmer).
412. E. magnifica Rothsch.
4 3 <S Tini;iiri -,233 La Oroya.
413. E. ciug'ulata Walk.
1 ? Sta. (^atiiarina.
41 1. E. conjunctus spec. nov.
Differs from coiispeisa in having the basal and median patches of forewing
joined into one large patch and in the hiudwing of the male lieing hyaline buff
washed with rose, and in the female buffy brown washed with rose.
Ilab. 1 S Sta. Catharina ; 1 ? Maripa, Caura.
415. E. conspersa AValk.
1 cJ Caracas, Veneznela ; 1 S Rio Demerara ; 1 •3 Maripa, Caura ; 1 cJ
Popayan (Lehmann); 1 3 Yungas de Coroico (Garlepp) ; 1 ? Reyes (Stuart);
2 ? ? La Vuelta ; 2 ? ? La Uniou, Caura ; 1 ? ? ; 1 ? Chanchamayo ; 1 ?
Sapucay ; 1 ? Paramba, Ecuador ; 1 ? Sta. Catharina ; 1 ? La Oroya.
41G. E. sebrus Druce.
12 (?<? Chanchamayo; 2 cJcJ Rio Colorado; 1 ? Bueuavista ; 2 ?? Santo
Domingo.
417. E. hermia Cram.
8 cJ<? Aroewarwa Creek; 1 (? ?; 3 (?<? Colombia (Felder coll.); In SS
Allianca; \\ 33 La Union, Canra ; ^ 3 3,\ ? La Vuelta; 1 3 La Union,
( 'arabaya \ 2 3 3 Maripa ; 1 ? British Guiana ; 1 ? Essequibo River, British
Guiana, 140 miles inland ; 1 ? Itaituba to Obidos ; 1 3 j'ellow aberration,
S. America (Meyer coll.).
418. E. pyrosticta Hamps.
2 3 3, 1 ? Province Rio; 2 3 3 Rio de Janeiro; 1 3,2 ?? Sao Paulo;
1 3 Sapncay.
419. E. ammeloides Rothsch.
'i 3 3 Rio Huacamayo ; 5 cJ c? Fonte Boa.
420. E. proba Schaus.
5 5cJ, G ? ? Cuernavaca ; 2 cJ.^, 2 ? ? Guadalajara; 1 3 Me.xico.
421. E. atrobrunnea Rothsdi.
1 (J, 1 ? Merida (Briceno).
( 44 )
422. E. atrata \'vU\.
9 <?<?, 1 ? Agnalani ; 1 <J Tiiifrnii ; 3 <?cJ Hnancaliamha ; 1 3 Bogota town,
December 15, 1808; 1 o ]{io Tanampaya (Garlepp) ; 1 <J Oconerine ; 1 <S Cnshi ;
1 <J Limbani ; 1 <J (Type) Bogota (Felder coll.).
423. E. terra Drnce.
1 <? Hiiancabamba ; 1 ? Charaplava, Bolivia, 1.500 m., May 1901 (Simons);
1 5 Cushi.
424. E. felderi Rothsch.
4 cJ o Oconeqne.
42.J. E. terraoides Kothsch.
1 o Huaucabamba ; 1 ? Cliaraplaya ; 1 ? Peru.
42(J. E. chimaera Dnice.
0(?c?,4 ?,? Sapncay ; 1 ? Paraguay (flde Friilistorfer) ; 1 ? Yhn, Paraguay,
December 189G (Andeer) ; 1 ? S. Cruz de La Sierra ; 1 ? ?; 1 ¥ Patino-CW.
427. E. umber (Cram.).
1 c? Jimenez, W. Colombia, 160(1 ft., .July 1907.
428. E. immanis (H. Edwds.).
1 ? Santo Domingo.
429. E. insulsa Dogn.
1 ? Chiriqui.
430. E. affinis (Rothsch.).
When I described this species I jiut it iu tlie genus Prlochi/f/i, but it rightly
belongs here.
2 c?c? Lita, Ecuador (Flemraing) ; 2 ?? Paramba, Ecuador.
431. E. rosenbergi spec. nov.
S. Allied to tn'ci/p/wn/es Rothsch. bnt larger and paler. Head bufi' : pectus
and thorax clay-brovrn ; abdomen above darker clay-brown, yellowish bufT on sides
of last three segments. Forewiugs clay-brown with an antemedian, postmediau,
and sabterminal transverse band of darker brown. Hiudwing greyish clay-
brown.
/I'll). Paramba, West Ecuador (Rosenberg).
1 .
432. E. pseudotricypha Rothsch.
2 ? ? Fonte Boa; 2 cJJ La Oroya.
433. E. tricyphoides Rothsch.
1 6 Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 cJ (^iristianaburg, Demerara,
( 45 )
434. E. disciplaga Walk.
1 (?, 1 ? Brazil ; 6 d (S Chauchamayo ; 8 di Paramba ; 5 <?c?, I ? Poznzu ;
2 S6, 4 ? ? Orizaba; 1 c? Lita, Ecuador; 1 cJ Cajon, Cqzco (Garlepp) ; 1 ?
Ynngas de la Paz ; 4 ? ? ? (Felder coll.) ; 1 ? Rio de Janeiro (Felder coll.) ; 1 c?,
1 ? Valencia, Venezuela; 1 ? Venezuela (Mocquerys) ; 1 J, 1 ? Rio Dagua ; 1 ?
Bnlim, N.W. Ecuador ; 2 ? ? Carondelet, Ecuador ; 2 ? ? Co.sta Rica (Underwood);
1 (?, 2 ?? Qnevedo, Ecuador; 1 3 Vera Crnz, Mexico; 1 c?, 1 ? Caracas,
Venezuela.
43.J. E. jonesi spec. uov.
S. Frons lower half yellow ; upjier half of frons, legs, pectus, head, thorax, and
forewings, earthy brown ; abdomen yellow central and lateral row.s of black dots.
Hindwing semihyaline whitish brown.
Ilal). Sao Paulo.
430. E. phantasma phantasma Schaus.
3 (?cJ, 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek.
436a. E. phantasma intensus snbsp. nov.
cJ. Similar to ph. phantasma, but darker, atid with a black dot on centre of
vertex.
Ilab. Fonte Boa.
3 SS.
437. E. melanoplaga Hamps.
2 t? cJ Oconeque ; 'i S S Santo Domingo ; 1 c? Tinguri ; 1 ? Chiriqui,
Panama.
438. E. flavicosta Druce.
5 (?c?, 1 ? La Oroya; 4 (?c?, 1 ? Santo Domingo ; 4 <?c? Rio Huacamayo ;
1 ? Tinguri.
43'.). E. atriceps Hamps.
17 JcJ, 2 ?? Santo Domingo; 2 Si Oconeque; ASS Uio Huacamayo;
1 (J Popayan, Lehmann.
4411. E. castanea Ruthsch.
4 <J<J Hio Huacamayo.
441. E. deceptura (Druce).
9 <?(?, 2 ?? Oconeque; 18 So, 3 ?9 Santo Domingo; 2 <5 ^ Limbani ;
3 <Jo', 2 $9 Agualani ; 1 9 La Oroya.
442. E. bicolor (Maass.).
1 3 Riobamba, Ecuador, 2SiM) m., March 18<i9 (Simmons) ; 1 ? Pisco, Peru
(Holfmanns).
(4fi )
443. E. lehmanni spec. nov.
<?. Similar to bicolor but with shorter and broader wings. Head, thorax, and
abdomen black-brown ; antennae red-brown. Forewing pale cliooolate brown ;
hindwing white.
Hab. I'opavan (Lehmanu).
1<J. ■
444. Ischnocampa nigridorsata Schans.
3 oo% 1 $ Tncnmau (J. Steinbach) ; ti cJtJ, Tncnman, linn ni., January and
Fcbrnarv I'.iii.j (J. Steinbach).
445. I, nigrivena .Seb:ms.
'■16 6 Santo Domingo ; 3 cJ <J Tingnri ; 1 6 Ocone(|ue ; 1 ? Rio Songo ; 1 ?
Yungas de Coroico.
446. I. maniona (Dogn.).
1 (J La Oroya.
447. I. hemihyala Ilamps.
3 6 6, 3 ?? Agnalani ; o cJ ^ Uconenne ; o 6 6 Liiubani ; 1 6 Iluanca-
bamba ; 1 ? Rio Hnacamayo.
44b. I. nubilosa (Dogn.).
1 (J, 3 ? ? Limbani ; -i 6 6 Ocuuei|Ue ; 1 cJ , 2 ? ? Agualani.
44'.i. I. sordida I'Vl-l.
1 o Cushi ; 1 ? (type) Bogota (FeKler ci.ll.).
4oU. I, sordidior Rothsch.
1^,1$ La Oroya: 3 66 Ocoueiine ; 2 66 La Union, ('aura; ~'n 66, I ?
Santo Domingo.
4.")1. I. floccosa Uiitbscli.
4 <J^, 1 ? La Oroya -,266 Santo Domingo.
4."i".'. 1. discopimctata Ilamps.
2« J J, v; ¥ ? Santo Domingo ; 4 J J, 1 ? Ocoue(iue.
453. I. griseola Rothsch.
1 6 Newcastle, Jamaica.
454. I. lugixbris Scliaus.
1 cJ, 1 ? Sta. Catharina; :.' 6 6 Huatuxen, Vera Cru/, ; 1 J, 2 $ ? Merida;
'■I f^cJ La Oroya; 2 c?t? Costa Rica (Underwood); 'Z 6 6 Cushi ; 1 6 , \ ? Chirii^ui,
Taiiaiua; 'Z 6 6 ■, -i ? ? Santo Domingo.
( 47 )
45o. I. brunneitiucta Rothsch.
1 c? Ocoueque ; 1 c? Cusbi ; 1 ? Santo Domiugo ; 1 cJ, ~ ? ? Sail Antonio.
456. I. tristis Scbans.
1 c? Venezuela ; 2 c? cJ ? ; 3 (JcJ, 3 ? ? Oriiiaba ; 2 ? ? Huatuxco, VeraCrnz ;
1 6 (Jbiriqui.
457. I. mimdator Drnee.
3 J c? Chiriqui, Panama.
45s. Opharus ferragiuea Walk.
1 i3 Santa Fe Je Bogota.
45!». 0. rhodosoma Butl.
'2 6 3 Veueziiela ; 2 <J J, 1 ? Merida ; 1 <? Brazil ? ! ; I <S Santo Domingo.
4(i(i. 0. aiirantiacus Rothscb.
1 (J (jbancbamayo Januan-Jnly I'.Htl (Iloffiuauns).
401. 0. basalis Walk.
1 .^, 1 ? ? (Fekler coll.) ; 1 6 Colombia (Fekler coll.); 1 ? Central America
(Fekler coll.); 2 6 3 Minus Gerae.i ; 1 3 Province Rio ; 1 3 ?; 2 3 3 San
Ernesto; 1 3 Salampioui ; o 33 Petropolis ; 1 3 Cuzco, Peru; 1 3 Buenavista ;
1 3 Santo Uomingo ; 1 o, 1 ? Meriik ; 1 J, 1 ? Castro, Parana; 2 33 Rio de
Janeiro; 1 ? La Oroya; 3 ^^, 1 ? Sapucay ; 1 cJ Cucuta, Venezuela; 1 ?
Cbulumani, Bolivia ; 1 3 Yuugas de Coroica -.233 Rio Songo ; 2 3 3 Huaaca-
bamba ; 1 3 Brazil.
462. 0. bimaculata bimaculata (Dew.).
1 (?, 1 ? Costa Rica (Underwood;; 2 33, 1 ? Orizaba; 1 <?, 1 ? Tuis ;
1 V Sau Jose ; 1 3 Jinotega, Nicaragua, 340U feet, October lUUo (G. M. Palmer) ;
1 ? S. Javier.
4()2a. 0. bimaculata major subsp. nov.
¥. Differs I'rom O. b. bimactdata in its larger size, more orange less yellow
abdominal patches, in the tbrewiugs being sooty black, not fuscous brown, and in
the bindwiiigs being semiiiyaline sooty black, not semibyaliue white.
llab. Caracas, Venezuela.
2 ? ?.
4(13. 0. consimilis 1 lamps.
1 o, 1 ? Sauto iJoiuiiigii; 1 o J , 2 V ? Orizaba; 2 3 3, 2. ? ? Sau Jose';
1 o, 2 ? ? Costa Rica (Underwood); 1 * Hnatu.xco, Vera Cruz; 2 ?? Tuis,
Costa Rica.
( 48 )
4f')4. 0. procroides Walk.
1 S Qnevedo ; .1 ? Miaas Geraes ; 1 ? Rio Janeiro; 1 ;J, 4 ? ? Santo
Domingo; 1 3,3 ? ? Merida ; 2 ^cJ, 2 9? Castro, Parana; 1 i Li Oroya ;
4 ?? ? (Felder coll.); 1 <S Marcapata, E. Peru, 450U ft.; 1 o, 1 ? Poznzii ;
1 ? Chanchamavo ; 1 ? Upper Rio Toro, La Merced ; 1 $ Oconeque ; 1 ? Nova
Friborgo ; 1 cJ, 1 ? Caracas, Venezuela.
4()."). 0. almopia (Drnce).
3 <?<?, 2 ?? Santo Domingo; 1 cJ La Oroya ; 2 J <? Agualani ; 1 J, 1 ?
Oconeqne ; 1 ? Rio Hnacamayo ; 2 ?? Limbani ; 1 d San Antonio, W.
Colombia.
400. 0. elota M^sclil.
2 ? ? Newcastle, Jamaica ; 4 ? ? Jamaica ; 1 (J Jamaica (Taylor).
407. 0. laudia (Druce).
7 (JtJ, 1 ? Merida (Briceuo) ; 1 '+' Merida (Hahnel).
40S. 0. thalassina (Herr.-Scliaeff.).
5 (J(?, 1 ? Merida; 1 o, 1 + Colombia; 2 (J(J, 3 ?? Bogota; 1 ij ? ;
1 (J Mari-Lopez, Nicaragua, oUOM It., October 1 !)U5 (M. G. Palmer) ; 2 ? ? ?
(Felder loll.) ; 1 9 Port of Spain, Blay 29, Ib'JT (Dr. Biirger).
40',). 0. intermedia RothscL.
1 ? ? (Felder coll.).
470. 0. flavimaculata Hamps.
1 <5 Yungas de la Paz ; I <J Chanchamayo ; 1 <J Santo Domingo ; 1 ? Rio
Sincuri; 3 <J<J, 2 ?? Tinguri.
471. 0. piperita (Herr.-Schaeff.).
9 (J<?,3 ?? Santo Domingo: 1 cJ, 1 ? Oconeque; 1 <S (Jliiriqui, Panama;
1 cJ La Oroya ; 1 ? Rio de Janeiro : 1 ? Pozuzu ; 1 ? Tinguri.
472. 0. decrepida (Herr.-ScLaeflf.).
I d Surinam (Felder coll.); 2 <S <S , .) ?? Santo Domingo; 4 3 6,2 ??
Agualani; 4 6 <3 , 2 ?? Oconeque; 1 6 La Oroya; 2 ?9 Cushi ; 1 ? Rio
Tanampaya ; 2 ? ? ? (Felder coll.).
473. 0. decrepidioides Rnthseh.
4 cJ (J San Antonio, W. Columbia ; 1 ¥ Marcapata, E. Pern, 4.500 feet ; 1 $
Santo Domingo (Type).
474. 0. hampsoni RotliscL.
II (?(J, 4 ? ¥ La Oroya; 2o 66, 10 ? ? Sauto Domingo; 1 6 Cbiri-Mayu ;
1 6 La Union, Cauni; 1 6 Tinguri.
(49 j
475. 0. sestia Druce.
4 <?;? La Oroya: '^ d <S Oconer|ne ; 2 o <^ Santo Domingo; 1 <S La Union,
Carabaya ; 4 6 <S Rio Huacamayo.
476. 0. histrionica (Herr.-Schaeff.).
2 cJcJ, 3 ? ? ? (Felder coll.); 1 cj ? ; 1 (J, 3 ? ? Rio de Janeiro ; 1 ? JJraicii ;
1 <J, 1 ? Miuas Geraes.
477. 0. schaefiFeri Schaus.
3 ¥ ? 8ta. Catharina.
478. 0. chorinua iSchaus.
1 ? Rio Grande do SuL
479. 0. flavipunctata (Herr.-Schaeff.).
3 <Jd ? (Felder coll.). ; 1 ? Rio de Janeiro.
480. 0. depicta (Herr..Schaeff.).
1 <S Nova Friborgo; 1 ? Rio de Janeiro; 2 ? ?? (Felder coll.).
481. 0. punctularis (Herr.-Schaeff.).
1 (J Brazil ; 2 cJcJ, 2 ? ?? (Felder coll.) (1 ? marked Venezuela '. !,.
This species has been united by Sir George Hampson with nexa, but they arc
quite distinct, as is easily seen when both sexes of each are compared.
482. 0. nexa (Herr.-Schaeff.).
2 <J(J Brazil; 1 <J, 2 ? ¥? (Felder coll.), 1 (J, 3 ?? Rio de Janeiro ; 1 ? Nova
Friborgo.
483. 0. astur astur (Gram.).
28 (J<J, 43 ?? Patiuo-Ciiu, Paraguay (Monforts); 1 (J, 1 ? Paraguay
(Dr. Bohls) ; 1 (J, 2 ? ? Sapucay ; 1 cj Prov. Sara, Sta. Cruz de la Sierra, January
1904 (J. Steinbacb) ; 1 S Salta ; 6 (J cJ, 3 ? ? Tucuraan (J. Steinbach) ; 1 cJ, 2 ? ?
Argentina, Prov. Tucuman (G. A. Baer) ; 1 <J, 1 ? .Ciudad de Tucuman (Dinelli) ;
1 (J, .5 ? ? Ciudad de Tucuman (Monetti) ; 4 cJtJ, 2 ?? Castro, Parana; 1 ?
Elsenan, Rio Grande do Snl (Dr. Martin); 2 (J<J, 2 ? ? Nova Friborgo; 1 J Codajas;
2 cJcJ,5 ?? Allianca; 1 ? Calama ; 1 <? ? ; 2 <JcJ, 5 (J(J? (Felder coll.); 2??
Minas Geraes; 1 cJ, 1 9 Brazil ; 19 J <?, 48 $ ? La Union, Caura ; 2 ? ? La Vuelta;
1 <J (Jarupano, December 1891 (C. W. Ellacorabe) ; 1 <S Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ?
Rio Deraerara ; 1 <J Cucuta, Venezuela; 3 cJo, 3 $ ? Merida ; 1 <J, 1 ? Caracas,
Venezuela; 1 6, 3 ?? Onaca, Sta. Marta ; 1 <J, 2 9 ? Santa Rita, Cauca River
(Paine & Brinkley) ; 2 (?<J, 3 ? ? Qnevedo ; 2 6<S,: ? ? Santo Domingo ; 2 cJ cJ
Bnenavista; 1 ? Santa Cruz de la Sierra; 1 S Ciudad de Guatemala ; 3 ? ? Costa
Rica (Underwood); 1 <J Cbiriqui; 3 cJcJ, 3 ?? Orizaba; 1 o, 1 ? Jalajia; 1 cJ Vera
Cruz, Mexico.
4
(50)
4t>oA. 0. astur cubensis Rothsch.
2 (?(J,2 ?? Cuba.
483b. 0. astur arizonensis Rothsch.
2 (J<J, 1 ? Hnachiica Mts., Arizona (Oslar).
■ix-i. 0. fasciatus Rothsch.
1 $ Valencia, Venezuela.
485. 0. polystrigata Hamps.
1 d Cnshi ; 3 cJcJ, 5 ? ? Saato Uoiuiugo ; 1 ? Chiri-Mayo , I 5 Agnalani.
486. 0. albescens Rothsch.
7 (?<?, 7 ?? La Vnelta; 1 cJ, 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek: 1 <J, 2 ?? Maripa,
Caura River ; 1 ? La Union, Caura.
487. 0. albotestaceus Rothsch.
1 ? Maripa, Caura River.
488. Hemihyalea ergana (Dogn.).
9 (J<J, 10 ? S AguaJani ; 1 ? Rio Huacamayo ; 2 ? ? Limbani ; 1 ? Tinguri.
489. H. peniviana Rothsch.
2 <? (J Agnalani.
490. H. fusca fusca Rothsch.
2 6 6 Agnalani.
490a. H. fusca colombiana subsp. nov.
Differs from/, fusca in having the head, thorax, and margins of wings paler.
Hab. Bogota.
5 66,1 ?.
401. H. brunnescens Rothsch.
4 66 Agnalani ; 1 6 Bogota ; 1 6 Tinguri ; 1 6 Limbani.
402. H. tristis Rothsch.
1 $ Agnalani ; 1 6 Bogota.
493. H. cornea (Herr.-Schaeff.).
Here Sir George Hampson has mixed up a number of forms. //. fnansueta
H. Edwds. and rfioc/a Drnce are quite distinct, as are several that I have named.
1 <?,2 ?? (Feldercoll.); 1 ? ?.
( 61 )
494. H. fuscescens Kothsch.
2 ? ? Costa Rica (Underwood) : 1 c? Asabar de ( !artago.
40.5. H. argillacea Uothscli.
I 6 Gold Hill, Oregon ; 1 cJ ? 1 ? Ciudad de Guatemala.
40fi. H. mansueta IT. Edwds.
3 <J(?, 3 ?? Orizaba ; 1 6 Jalapa ; 1 J, 1 ? Bogota; 1 <?, 3 ?? Bogota
(Child).
4'.tT. H. battyi Kothsch.
1 ? Palenka Island, Col., January Si, 1902 (J. H. Batty).
498. H. brunnescens Rothsch.
1 6 Agualani ; 1 <S Tiuguri.
499. H. rhoda (Druce).
2 (JcJ, 1 ? Orizaba ; i S S Jalapa ; 1 ? Vera Cruz, Mexico.
500. H. testacea Kothsch.
1 ^,5 ? ? Jalapa; 1 <J, 1 ¥ Ciudad de Guatemala; 1 6 Guadalajara.
501. H. ochracea Rothsch.
1 ? Vulcan de Chiriqui ; 1 ? Jalapa.
502. H. edwardsi (Pack.).
2 (J,?, 2 ? ? E. California ; 1 cj California; 1 <?, 1 ? California (Meyer coll.) ;
1 ? Gold Hill, Oregon, Sept. 12, lOoO (Biedermann) ; 1 cJ, 1 ? ? (Felder coll.)
(labelled Bogota).
603. H. labecula Grote.
3 (J(?, 7 9 ? Glen wood Springs, Colorado, June 1901 (Oslar) ; 1 <?, 4 ? ?
Durango, Col. (Oslar); 1 <J, 1 ? Colorado; 1 (J, 1 ? N. America; 5 ? ? Grand
Junction, Col., I'JOl (Oslar).
504. H. utica (Druce).
2 cJ(J Orizaba.
505. H. melas (Dogu.).
1 ? Bogota.
5o(i. H. xanthosticta Hamps.
2 <J5, 3 ? ? Cayenne (Felder coll.) ; lo 6S, 10 ? ? Sao Paulo; 1 S Sta.
Cathariua ; 3 ? ? Castro, Parana ; 2 <J tJ , 3 ? ? Nova Friborgo ; 1 ? Rio de
Janeiro.
( 52 )
507. H. diminuta(Walk.).
1 6 Sta. Catbarina.
508. Pseudopharus amata (Dnice).
1 <J Merida ; ::i ? ? Santo Domingo.
dm. P. hades (Dogn.).
2 (J (J Chiriqui ; 1 ? Volcano de Chiriqiii.
oil I. P. Cornelia (P nice).
1 o Tingiiri ; 1 ? La Oroj-a.
•ill. p. domingona (Drnce).
2 6 3 Santo Domiugo.
.t12. Amastus adela Schans.
C) S iS Castro, Parana.
513. A. bauds Dalm.
2 6 6? (Felder coll.).
514. A. albipnncta Hamps.
T (J(J, 10 ?? Santo Domingo; 1 ? Huaiicabamba ; 1 ? Venezuela (Felder
coll.) ; 1 ? Oconeque ; 1 6 Upper Rio Tore (crippled and with no transverse dark
markings on forewing).
515. A. affinis Rothsch.
5 <J^, 2 ? ? Santo Domingo; o 6 6 Oconeque ; 1 ? Tinguri ; 1 <J, 1 ? Agua-
lani; 1 ? Chiri-Mayo; 1 6 Zamora, Ecuador, 3(100-4000 ft. (0. T. Baron).
516. A. flavicauda Rothsch.
■16 6 Chiriqui -,266,69+ Volcano de ('hirii|ui; 1 Bogava, Chiriqui.
517. A. suflFusa (Herr.-SchaefF.).
1 <?, 2 ? ? ? (Felder coll.) cotypes.
515. A. hampsoni Rothsch.
1 6 Paramba, Ecuador.
510. A. ambrosia (Druce).
1^,1$ Santa F^ de Bogota.
520. A. mesorrhoda Walk.
2 6 6,\ 2 Bogota,
(53)
521. A. pseuderebella Rothscb.
1 cJ, 7 ?? Bogotii.
522. A. erebelloides Rotbsch.
2 <J <? Agualani ; 1 ? Limbani.
523. A. erebella (Maass.).
1 ? Limbani ; 2 ? ? Agnalani.
524. A. rufator (Walk.).
5 ? ? Bogota.
525. A. umber Rotbsch.
1 (J , 4 ? ? Merida.
52(j. A. pseudocollaris Rotbsch.
I ? ('hiri(|ui, Panama.
527. A. coUaris (Herr.-Scbaeff.).
II (J<J, 10 ?? Merida; 9 <J<J,4$? Santo Domingo; 3 cJcJ, 3 ?? La Oroya ;
4 ?? ? (Felder coll.); 1 ? Bogota (Child) ; 2 J cJ San Antonio, W. Colombia;
1 ¥ Popayan (Lehmann).
528. A. persimilis Hamps.
1 6 ? (Felder coll.) ; 5 <J (J Oconeque ; 2 <J cj Agualani; 1 J La Oroya ; 2 <J(J
Santo Domingo ; 1 ? Huancabamba.
529. A. coccinator Schaus.
lit (J (J, 13 ? ? Santo Domingo ; 3 <J(J, 2 § ? Oconeque ; 1 <J, 2 ? ? Agua-
lani ; 1 ? Chiri-Mayo ; 2 ? ? Limbani ; 1 $ R. Inambari ; 1 ? La Oroya ; 1 ?
Tinguri ; 1 ? Bogota (Child) 1 cJ, 2 ? ? San Antonio, W. Colombia ; 3 cJ(J, 3 $ ?
Merida ; 1 i Venezuela (Felder coll.) ; 1 (J Rio Tanampaya.
530. A. genoveva (Dogn.).
" 4 (?(?, 5 ? ¥ Merida.
531. A episcotosia Dogu.
4 ? ? Chiriqui ; 1 ? Asahar de Cartago.
532. A. aconia (Herr.-Scbaeff.).
3 (?(?, 2 ? ? Bogota; 1 <S Rio Tanampayo ; 1 S Upper Rio Toro ; 11 c?c?,
13 ? ? Santo Domingo ; 3 (JJ', 5 ? ? Chanchamayo; 1 <? Caradoc, Marcapata,
4000 ft., February 1901 (Ockenden) ; 4 c?t?, 8 ?¥ La Oroya; 6 H, 4 ??
Merida; 2 ¥? Popayau (Lehmann) ; 5 ?? Oconeqne ; 1 ? Paramba, Ecuador;
1 ? Limbani; 2 ?? Agualani; 1 ? Rio Mixiollo, Dept. Loreto, June— December
190(1 ((J. A. Baer); 1 ? Carabaya (Ockenden); 1 ? Tinguri; 1 $ La Merced,
Chanchamayo ; 1 cJ, 1 ? Caracas, Venezuela.
( 54)
o33. A. rumina Dnicc.
10 <S(S, If) ? ? Costa Rica (Underwood); 1 c?, 2 ? ¥ Costa Rica, 1500 ft.
(M. de Mathan) ; 1 S Cartago ; 3 tjc? San Jose ; 2 ? ? Tnis, (losta Rica.
r)34. A. coprophora (Herr.-Schaeff.).
1 S Coloraliia (Felder coll.) ; 1 ? Bogota; 3 ? ? Merida ; 2 <? c? San Antonio,
W. Colombia.
535. A. ochraceator (Walk.).
3 (Jc?, 3 ?? Orizaba (Schaua) ; 1 cf, 1 ? Jalapa ; 1 ? Rosary Mine, Spaiii.sli
Honduras, 3u00 — 4000 ft.; 1 ? Hnatn.xco, Vera (!rnz, Me.xico ; 1 ? Me.xico.
536. A. elongata (Feld.).
1 ? Cayenne, Type (Felder coll.); 1 cJ Sao Paulo ; 2 cJ(^, 3 ? ? Castro, Parana.
537. A. polystrigata Dogn.
4 (J^ La Oroya ; 4 cJ(J, 3 ¥ 9 Santo Domingo; 2 <?<?, 3 ¥ ¥ Potaro ; 1 J
Caracas, Venezuela.
538. A. alsa (Drnce).
2 ? ? Agnalani.
53y. A. drucei Rothsch.
6 (J cJ, 1 ? Santo Domingo ; 1 ? Oconeijuo.
540. A. dognini Rothscb.
2 (J (J Santo Domingo.
541. A. rufescens Rotbsch.
2 tJ{3 Agualani ; 1 <J Peru.
542. A. minerva (Dogn.).
4 (J (J Oconeque.
543. A. antonio Dogn.
0 tJcJ, 1 ? Tucnnian llOU m. (J. Steinbach) ; 1 ? Ciudad de Tucnraan
(Monetti).
544. A. fulvizonata Hamps.
1 <? Quito, Ecuador (W. Goodfellow) ; 5 (?<?, 1 ? Limbani ; C cJJ, 2 9?
Agualani; I 3, 3 9? Bogota; Bogoti'i specimens generally have the postmedian
band pink, not yellow.
545. A. steinbachi Rothsch.
1 ^, 2 9 9 Tucnraan, 1100 m. (J. Steinbach).
546. A. erganoides Dogn.
This is the insect I described as A. Iii/ullmi orientalis, having wrongly identified
what I am now describing as ILfusca eolumbiana (see above) as eryanoidfs.
2 <J(J,6 ¥ ¥ Merida.
( 56 )
■5-47. A. hyalina (Dogn.).
9 ^<J, 6 ? ? Agnalani ; 2 cJ cJ, 3 ? ¥ Sauto Domingo ; 1 (J, 2 ¥ ? Limbani ;
5 ? ¥ Ocoueque.
548. A. childi Rothsch.
1 iJ Bogota (Child) ; 1 ¥ Popayan (Lehmann).
549. A. palmeri spec nov.
Allied to (Irucei and dognini Rothsch.
cJ. Pectus brilliant orange; palpi dark chestnut ; legs and frons dark earth-
brown ; antennae black ; vertex, collar and anterior half of tegnlae rufons ; basal
half of tegnlae and patagia dark earth-brown, the latter with a central rufous
stripe ; abdomen above bright orange. Forewing bright rufous chestnut, a lighter
shade below costa postmediall}- ; hindwing semihyaline brown slightly orange at
base, and on inner area.
Length of forewing : 31 mm.
Ilab. San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 ft., December 1907 (M. G. Palmer).
1 (J.
5;">0. A. rosenbergi sjiee. nov.
Allied iojlavicauda Rothsch.
?. Pectus earth-brown ; antennae fuscous; palpi fnscous ; head earth-brown;
collar crimson ; thorax dark brown, patagia with central blackish stripe and greyish
tips; abdomen above rosy crimson, last three segments yellow. Forewing cinnamon
rufous, a subbasal and antemedian broad irregular blackish band, the latter with
brownish centre, a discocellular triangular blackish patch, a postmedian transverse
band of large conjoined brown half-moons bordered with black, a subterminal
similar band, but the halfmoons are more irregular ; hindwing serailiyaline
testaceous.
Length of forewing : 38 mm.
Hah. San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 ft., December, 1907 (M. G. Palmer).
1 ?.
551. Hyalarctia sericea Schaus.
3 <J(?,3 ¥ ¥ Castro, Parana ; 1 ^ Minas Geraes ; 1 S Sapucay ; 1 3 Tucuman
(J. Steinbach).
552. Psychophasma erosa (Herr.-Schaeif.).
1 d S. Javier, Rio Cacliabi (Flemming & Miqnetta); 1 <J La Vuelta ; 31 cJ<?,
30 ¥ ? La Union, Caura ; 4 <JcJ, 6 ? ¥ Aroewarwa Creek ; 3 (JcJ, 3 ¥ ¥ Guyapa,
("aura; 1 3 British Guiana; 1 ? British Guiana (Whitford); 1 ? Tumatumari ;
1 ? I'otaro ; 1 3 Rio Uemerara ; 4 (J <i Humayta; i S3,\ ? Calama; 1 ¥ Teffe,
June 1906 (VV. Hoffmanns); 2 <J<J, 1 ? Amazons (Bates) (Felder coll.); 2 <J(J,
2 ¥ ¥ Merida ; 2 cJ<J Cananche ; 1 ^ Rio de Janeiro; 1 S Rio Negro ; 2 cJ<J
Paramba ; 1 S Lita ; 1 <J Rio Dagna ; 2 <J J Bogota ; 1 S Cuzco ; 1 i Pozuzu ;
'Z i 3 Palcazu, Dept. Jnnin (Sedlmayr) ; 2 S S La Oroya; 1 cJ, 7 ?? Santo
Domingo; 1 3 Pahna Sola; 1 3 Rio Songo ; '-13 3 Brazil.
(50)
5o3. Thalesa seruba (Ilerr.-Sclmeff.).
Sir George Hatnpson has identiiied this insect with Sepp's Phalaena citrina :
on com])arin<if ray large series with the plate 53 in Ins. Surinam I feel qnite
unable to endorse this opinion. This plate and rnanj' others in this hook are
so inaccurate and misleading that almost any Hali.vdota or allied insect taken
at liajihazard might he identified as the insect in qnestion. 1 tliink it therefore
most advisable to ignore Sepp's names altogether. In tiie present case, therefore,
llerricli-Sehaeffer's name must be employed.
1 c?, 1 ? t'aparo; 3 cJ c? Potaro ; 1 (?, 1 ¥ Rio Demerara ; 1 S Maripa; 1 cj
Palma Sola ; 1 c? Santo Domingo ; o (?<?, 31 ? ? La Union, Canra ; 1 S ('ananche ;
1 J, 2 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek; 1 S Rio de Janeiro ; 3 cJtJ ? (Felder coll.); 1 S
Amazons (Bates) (Felder coll.); 2 3S Patino-C'u^; 1 ? Sapncay ; 1 c? Jalapa ;
1 ? Allianca; 2 ? ? San Jo-st^ Costa Rica; 1 ? Fonte Boa ; 1 ? Merida ; 2 ??
Paramha ; 1 ? La Union, ('arabaya ; 1 ? La Oroya ; 1 ? St. Laurent de ftlaroni ;
1 S Caracas, Veneznela ; 4 J cJ Jinotega, Nicaragua, 34mii ft., October liMif)
(G. M. Palmer); 2 c^c?, 1 ? Amazonas (Meyer coll.).
554. Halisidota duckinfieldia (Schans).
5 c?c?, 1 ? Sao Paulo.
555. H. nero (Weym.).
1 tJ, 1 ¥ Province Rio (no locality, but pins show origin).
55f5. H. notata (Schaus).
1 ? Colombia (Felder coll.).
557. H. hyalinipuncta Rothseh.
4 c?cJ Agualani.
558. H. andensis (Schaus).
3 <Jc? Bogota (1 Child).
559. H. argentata argentata Pack.
2 <J(^ N. America; 1 S Dnrango, (!ol. (Oslar).
559a. H. argentata subalpina Frencli.
7 cf c?, 3 ? ¥ Pre.scott, Arizona (Oslar).
559b. H. argentata sobrina Stretch.
3 c?c?, 3 ¥ ¥ Monterey (Jo., California.
560. H. aflSnis Rothseh.
1 S Huatuxco, Vera Cruz.
561. H. ingens H. Edw.
1 J, 1 ? Durango, Col. (Oslar).
( 57 )
502. H. alternata (Urote).
1 9 Orizaba.
563. H. carrye carrye (Harr.).
2 (?(?, 1 ? Canada; 1 <S ? ; 1 cJ N. Ainorica ; 4 cJ(?,3 ?? ? (Felder coll.);
1 (?, 1 ? New York (Meyer coll.); 1 c?, 1 ¥ Washington (Sand coll.) ; 3 tJc?,
3 ? ¥ Te.xas.
5G3."\. H. carrye propinqua H. Edw.
0 cJJ Orizaba; 2 (Jc? Vera Cvm, Me.xico ; 2 c? cj Jalapa; I ? Mexico City;
1 cJ Oartago ; 2 ? ? Asahar de Cartago ; 1 J", 4 ? ? Costa Rica (Underwood) ;
2 ? ? San Josi? ; 1 ? ('indad de Guatemala.
563i). H. carrye mixta Xeum.
4 SS, 1 ? Nogales, Arizona (Oslar), including type of //. jiseiiilocarri/e
Roth sell.
Owing to the pecnliar, and to me .at the time unknown method of indicating
subspecies, (namely by putting the label at tiie bead instead of the foot of the
column) employed in the Natural History Museum by Sir George Hampson, I was
led to vedescribe this form as //. pseiidocarrtje.
504. H. maculata maculata (Harr.).
1 c?, 1 ? New York (Meyer coll.) \ 2 H Winnipeg, Man., May 19U2 ; 2 S S
Petersham, Mass., May 1902; 1 J, 1 ? ? (Felder coll.); 1 3 Ontario, Canada;
1 ? Canada ;ld"?;2(J^,3¥¥ Halifax, Nova Scotia.
504a. H. maculata agassizi Pack.
1 <?, 1 ? ? ; 1 cJ California (Felder coll.) ; 1 S California; 1 <?, 1 ? San
Francisco; 1 S Los Angeles ; 3 cJcJ, 5 ¥ ? San Luis Obispa, California, Ajiril
1902.
564b. H. maculata angulifera Walk.
2. SS,\ ¥ Kaslo, Brit. Columbia; Keith Road, North Vancouver, May 20,
1902 (N. (!harles Rothschild); 1 <J, 1 ¥ Victoria, Brit, Columbia, May 1902;
1 S Nelson, Brit. Columbia; 1 <S Colorado; 4 cJcJ, 1 ¥ Glen wood Sj)rings, Col.
(Oslar) ; 2 cJ^, 3 ¥ ¥ Fort Garland ; 3 cJ J, 2 ¥ ¥ Almosa, Col. (Oslar).
504c. H. maculata texana Rothsch.
4 J (J, 1 ¥ Texas.
505. H. pseudomaculata spec nov.
¥ . Pectus, head and thorax bullish yellow ; patagia with brown central line ;
abdomen buff. Forewing buffy yellow with numerous ill-defined bands of
cimiamon brown. Hindwing semihyaline whitish buff.
Length of forewing : 22 mm.
Hub. Brazil (Prov. Rio).
1 ?.
( 68)
566. H. tucumana Rothsch.
2 <?<?, 1 ? Cindad de Tucuman (Mouetti) ; 2 <?<? 1 ? Tucnman (J. Steinbach).
567. H. alsus (Cram.).
1 (?, 1 ? Merida; 1 o Paramba ; 1 <J, 7 ? ? Orizaba; 3 ? ? Jalapa; 1 S,
1 ? Boiiquete, Chiri(iiii, 3.")0i) ft. ( Watsou) ; 1 ? Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 1 ?
Cindad de Gnatemala ; 1 ? Giiadalito, (kmdinamarca (Mathan) ; 1 (J, 3 ? ? La
Oroya ; 1 6 Oconeqne ; 3 c? c? , 9 ? ? Santo Domingo,
508. H. distincta distincta Rothscb.
5 <Jo, 2 ?? Agnalani ; 4 S3, 2 ?? Oconeqne; 9 SS, 2 ?? Santo
Domingo.
568a. H. distincta brunnescens Rothsch.
3 (JcJ, 1 ? Hnancabamba, Cerro de Pasco (E. Boettger).
56Sb. H. distincta obsolescens subsp. nov.
Differs from the other two subspecies of distincta by the markings being more
or less obsolescent in the males, and in the female the brown network tends to
contract into bands.
Hub. (j SS Bogotil [Felder coll., 1 labelled New Granada (Linden)] ; 1(5 SS,
1 ? Bogotd (5 <?<? Cihild); 1 3 Environs de Loja, Ecuador, 1889; 1 c? Qaito,
Ecuador (W. Goodfellow).
5C8c. H. distincta meridionalis subsp. nov.
Differs from the other forms by its small size, deeper orange gronnd-colonr,
and distinct brown marking,
Ilah. Argentina, 1 (J, 1 ? Halta ; 2 (?<?, 0 ?? Tucnman (Steinbach,
Monetti).
568d. H. distincta pallida snbsj). nov.
Differs from all the other forms of (/isti/wta by its jmie yellow colonr and
indistinct markings.
Hub. Sao Paulo and ('astro, Parana.
1 <J,4 ? ?.
569. H. margaua Schans.
1 ? Rio de Janeiro.
5711. H. rosetta Schuns.
2 (? <J Sao Paulo.
571. H. atomosa (Walk.).
4 <J<J, 4 ¥? Jamaica; 1 <J, 1 ? Kingston, Jamaica; 1 ? Ellenslee,
St. Andrews, Jamaica (Taylor); 1 ? Newcastle, Jamaica; 2 (J (J, 2 ?¥
erroneonslv labelled Kiu de Janeiro.
(59)
572. H. moeschleri Rothsch.
11 (J ^ , 3 ? ? Jamaica.
573. H. lurida H. Edw.
2 <?<?, 1 ? Orizaba ; 1 <J Jalapa ; 1 ^ VeraOi'iiz, Mexico; 1 ? ?.
574. H. affinis Rothsch.
1 <J Tingnri ; 1 (J, 4 ? ? Santo Domingo.
575. H. falacroides Rothsch.
1 S Huancabamba ; 1 ? Santo Domingo ; 1 ? S. Javier, Rio Oaehabi
(Flemming & Miqnetta).
570. H. falacra Dogn.
Tliis species was identified by Sir George Hampson as the Phalaeim bactris
of Sepp. While referring to my remarks under Tkalesa seruba, I may say that
Sepp's figure of bactris shows three transverse broad lines across the forewings
which are entirely wanting in/a/acra, and therefore the name bactris can under no
circnrastances apply to this insect.
1 (J Venezuela (Felder coll.); 10 S3, 4 ?9 Santo Domingo; 5 SS
Oconeque ; 10 (JcJ La Oroya; 1 S Chnlnmani, Bolivia, 2000 ra., December
(Simons) ; 2 cJ <J Agualani.
577. H. hofFmannsi Rothsch.
1 S Pozuzii.
57S. H. huaco SchauM.
1 <J ( 'astro, Parana.
579. H. subterranea Rothsch.
0 (J^, 2 ? ? Santo Domingo; 5 cJ (5 La Oroya; 5 <J5, 1 ? Oconeque.
580. H. terranea Rothsch.
\" S S Fonte Boa; 1 S San Ernesto ; 1 S (!oca, Upper Rio Napo, May — Jnne
1899 ; 1 <J Rio Tipntini, Rio Napo, Angiist ls9'.) (W. Goodfellow).
581. H. setosa Rothsch.
0 (J (J La Union, ( 'arabaj-a ; 8 <J cj Tingnri ; 10 cjcj, 2 ? ? La Oroya.
582. H. sobrina Moeschl.
8 (J(J Poznzn ; 3 <J<J Potaro; 3 cJ(?, 4 ? ? Maripa, Caura ; 1 S Tefre(Mathan):
3 (J (J San Ernesto; 4(?<J, 5?$ ?; ASS Salampioni ; 3 cJ <J Palcazn, Ecuador
(Sedlmayr) ; 1 S British Guiana; 1 S Rio Demerara; 5 cJ(J Aroewarwa Creek;
2 cJcJ, 2 ? ? La Vuelta; ASS, 3 ? ? Fonte Boa; 3 cJ<J La Union, Carabaya ;
1 ? La Union, Caura; 2 SS Cuzco, Pern; ASS t-hanchamayo ; 1 S Amazons
(Meyer coll.); 1 S St. Laurent de Maroni ; 1 S Qiievedo.
( CO )
5S3. H. sobriuoides sj)ec. nov.
<J. Dift'ers from sobriiia in being larger, the wings broader; the two large
patches on costa hardly indicated, and the discocellnlar patch replaced by two dots.
?. Differs in having all the markings much reduced.
/fa'j. 1 (J Rio Songo ; 2 <Jc?, 3 ? ? Maripa, (!aara : 1 <J, 1 ? Fonte Boa,
Month of Kouron River, November 19U.") (E. Le Monlt) ; 3 <?<?, 2 ? ? Aroewarwa
Creek; 1 cj S. Javier; 1 sJ Bnenavista; 2 <J cj Rio Demerara ; 3 (J (J Poznzn ;
1 3 La Merced, Chanchamayo ; 1 S Potaro ; 0 eJcJ, 0 ? ? La Uuiim, ('aura ; 3 <J (f
La Vuelta ; 1 ? Gnaya(jnil, VV. Ecuador (v. Bnchwald); 2 3 3 Charaplaya, Bolivia,
1300 m.,- July 1901 (Simons); 1 <J Colombia; 1 (J Rio Dagiia, Colombia (W.
Rosenberg); Ct 33 Chanchamayo ; 1 3 Snapure, Venezuela, October 2, 1899;
1 3 Canaiiche; 1 3 San Ernesto ; 9 (J(J, 1 ? La Oroya ; 1 3 Rio Tanampaya ; 1 3
t'nzco : 1 3 Pozuzu ; 2 33 Rio Colorado, Peru, 2500 ft., August— September 19(12
(Watkins); 'i 3 3 Huancabamba; 1 3 Tingnri ; 1 cJ, 1 ? Caracas, Venezuela;
1 o Hacienda Ave Maria, W. Ecuador, April 1907 (v. Bnchwald); 1 ? Caparo ;
I 3 Popayan (Lehmann) ; 1 ? Environs de Loja (Dognin coll.); 1 3 Marcapata.
OS 4. H. endolobata II amps.
3 (J<J Santo Antonio do .Javary ; 1 3 Tefifd (Mathan); 1 3 Iijuitos (Stuart);
II 33,2 ? ? Fonte Boa.
r)8.5. H. atra Druce.
1 c? Huatu.xco, Vera ('ruz ; 1 ? Vera Cruz, Mexico ; 3 ? ? Jalapa; 1 ? Costa
Rica (Underwood).
58G. H. fuliginosa Rothsch.
1 (J ('neraavaca; 4 ¥ ? Santo Domingo.
587. H. bricenoi Rothsch.
2 <Jc?,5 ? ? Merida.
588. H. underwoodi under woodi Rothsch.
1 ? Jalapa ; 2 cJc?, 2 ¥ ¥ Orizaba ; 1 ¥ Vera Cruz, Mexico ; 5 c?c? 11 ¥ ¥
Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 1 c?, 1 ¥ San Jose ; 1 ¥ Popayan (Lehmann) ; 1 ? Tnis,
Costa Rica ; 1 <? Chanchamayo ; 1 c? Rio Huacamayo ; 1 3 Brazil.
588a. H. underwoodi orientalis Rothsch.
2 (?<?, 1 ¥ British Guiana; 1 cJ, 1 ¥ Venezuela (Felder coll.); 2 cJc?, 1 ¥
Caparo; 2 cJ<?, 3 ¥¥ Port of Spain ; 1 ¥ Tabacpiite, Narieva Dist., Central
Trinidad; 2 c?c?, 2 ¥ ¥ Trinidad.
589. H. interlineata interlineata "Walk.
2 (?<?, 1 ¥ Brazil (Felder coll.) ; 1 <?, 3 ¥ ¥ Cayenne (Felder coll.) ; 2 ¥ ¥
Rio de Janeiro ; 1 ¥ Cuernavaca ; 1 J Jala]ia.
( 61 )
o89a. H. interlineata intensa Rothsch.
1 (?, 1 ? La Union, Carabaya ; i 6 S , ^ ? ? Santo Domingo; 4 cJc?, 4 ? ?
Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 2 c?c?, 2 ? ? Costa Rica ; 1 d Tuis, Costa Rica ; 2 cJc?
Asahar de Cartago ; 3 ? ? Merida, Veneznela ; 1 S Vera Cruz, Mexico; 2 SS,
1 ? (Caracas, Veneznela; 1 ? Cocnta, Venezuela.
590. H. davisi H. Edw.
6 cJd", 4 ? ? Nogales, Arizona, July 1903 (Oslar).
591. H. oslari Rothsch.
2 <iS,2 ? ? Glenwood Springs, and 1 c?, 1 ? Denver, Colorado (Oslar).
592. H. schausi schausi Rothsch.
3 (?c?, 4 ? ? Costa Rica (Underwood) ; 1 ? Ciudad de Guatemala ; 1 ? San
Jose; 3 (?c?, 3 ? ? Merida; ? 1 <S Vino, Peru, .5000 ft. ; 1 J Orizaba ; 2 rSi,
3 ? ? Caracas, Venezuela.
592a. H. schausi pallida Rothsch.
14 t?c?, 22 ? ? Gnernavaca ; 1 ? Guadalajara.
592b. H. schausi braziliensis Rothsch.
1 ? Castro, Parana.
593. H. cinctipes cinctipes Grote.
1 t?, 2 ? ? Orizaba; 5 c?<?, 1 ? (.!osta Rica (Underwood); 1 ? Cnba ; 1 ?
Guatil.
593a. H. cinctipes insularis Rotiisch.
6 id, 6 ? ? Sta. Lucia, .June ]0o^;-3 (Branch).
This and the following two subspecies, by an unfortunate error of traiiscrijition,
have been published as subspecies of fichansL
593b. H. cinctipes meridensis Rothsch.
3 c?c? Merida ; 2 S <S , \ ? Caracas, Venezuela.
593c. H. cinctipes tucumana Rothsch.
3 c?(?, 3 ? ? Tucuman (J. Steinbach) ; 1 (?, 1 ? Ciudad de Tneiiraan i Dincili,
Monetti).
594. H. tessellaris tessellaris Abbott & Smith.
4 (Jc?, 0 ?? Iowa; 1 cJ Evanston, HI., June 11, 1896 (A. J. Snyder)
3c?^?;8 iS,2 ?? Amer. bor. (Felder coll.) ; 1 i Larima Co., 5000 ft.
1 (?, 1 V New York (Meyer coll.); 8 c?c?, 3 ?? Canada; 1 d Long Island
1 tJ Washington; o cJi^, 8 ? ? Texas.
( fi2 )
59 4a. H. tessellaris meridionalis Kothsch.
1 (?, 4 ? ? Orizaba.
595. H. steinbachi Rothsch.
3 (?<?, 1 ? Tiiciiman (Steinbach) ; 1 (?, 1 ? Salta, Argeutina (Steinbach) ;
1 J, 4 ? ? Ciutlad de Tucumau (Diiielli, Monetli).
69(1. H. masoni (Scbaus).
1 J Orizaba ; 1 ? Huatuxco, Vera (Jruz.
597. H. brunneitincta Hamps.
1 (? New Granada (Felder coll.)-
598. H. cyclozonata Hamps.
9 c?,^, 5 ? ? La Oroya ; Ki <?(?, Ls ? ? Foute Boa : 3 c? J, 4 ? ? Aroewarwa
Creek; 1 c? La Union, Carabaya ; 1 6 Potaro ; 1 d Teffe (Mathan) ; 1 ? Tinguri ;
1 ? San Ernesto.
599. H. androlepia Dogn.
I c? Oconeque ; 3 cJ(?,4 ? ? Santo Domingo; 1 d La Oroya.
6UU. H. lineata Schans.
II S<i,:l ? ? Sao Paulo; 5 c?c? Sapucay.
601. H. aurata U. Jones.
1 9 Sapucay.
602. H. oruboides Rothsch.
6 (?(? Santo Domingo; 5 cJc?, 1 ? Tinguri ; 2 6 6 Potaro ; 8 <?<? La Oroya ;
1 c? Rio Huacamayo.
603. H. similis Rothsch.
7 c?cf, 1 ? Fontc Boa; 1 c? Potaro.
604. H. cedon Drace.
1 3 La Oroya; 1 t? Allianca ; 1 ? Rio Demerara ; 1 ? La Union, Caura.
605. H. venezuelensis Rothsch,
3 (J c5 Palma Sola, Venezuela.
606. H. jonesi Rothsch.
2 <J <J Castro, Parana.
607. H. batesi Rothsch.
1 <J Teflfe (Mathan) ; 1 ? Amazonas (Bates) (Felder coll.).
( 63 )
608. H. obvia Dogn.
2 <J(J Aroewarwa Creek; 3 <J ^ La Vuelta ; 1 (J La Union, Caura ; 1 ^
Maripa, Caura.
6u9. H. coniata Hamps.
lb 6 <3 Agnalani.
fill). H. pseudoconiata Rothsch.
1 <5, 1 ? Agualani ; 1 cJ, I ? Limbani.
61L H. apicipunctata Schaus.
7 (J cJ Santo Domingo ; 4 (J cJ Ocoueque ; 1 cj Rio Inambari ; 1 cj Tingiiri.
612. H. dinellii Rothsch.
1 cJ La Hayada, Tucuman, 1300 m., Uecember 1901 (Dinelli).
613. H. racema Schaus.
1 J La Union, Oarabaya.
614. H. cuneipuncta Rothsch.
1 cJ Vera Uruz, Mexico.
616. H. stuarti Rothsch.
I ? Reyes, August 7, 1895 (Stuart).
(116. H. pulveria Schaus.
1 (J Sauto Domingo; 1 cJ Custa Rica (Underwood).
617. H. liparoides Rothsch.
2 (J (J Aroewarwa Creek ; 3 <JcJ Fonte Boa ; 1 cj La Union, Carabaya.
618. H. aurantiaca Rothsch.
1 (? Allianca ; 1 cJ La Vuelta.-
619. H. lacteogrisea Rothsch.
2 (J cj La Vuelta.
620. H. contempta Rothsch.
2 <?(J Fonte Boa; 1 ? San Ramon, Nicaragua, 185 miles above V. Gracias,
375 ft., June 1905 (Palmer).
621. H. ptenostomoides Rothsch.
This may be a very aberrant $ of oruboidcs, but it does not agree with my
luidoubted ? from Tinguri.
1 ? Santo Domingo ; 1 ? Corcovado.
( r,4 )
0:,'2. H. stipulatoides spec. nov.
(Similar to stipiilata, but markings less distinct, and hiudwings nifoiis buffy
yellow.
Ilab. 1 6 (Jhristianabnrg, Uemerara; 1 (J Suapure, Venezuela ; 1 6 Aroewarwa
Creek; 1 i British Guiana; 1 i Rio Demerara ; ?> <$ S La Vueita ; 1 S La Union,
Caura ; 1 3 La Union, ( 'arabaya ; 1 S Maripa ; 1 cj Foute Boa; 1 ^ Codajas.
623. H. stipulata Rothsch.
I 6 AUianca; 0 cj<?, 1 ? La Oroya : 4 cj<5 Tinguri ; 5 <?(?, 1 ? Cuslii ; 1 (J,
1 <J Pozuzu ; 1 3 Santo Domingo; 1 S Tuis, Costa Rica ; 1 ? Caradoc, Marcapata;
1 ? Chulumani.
624. H. nebulosa Rothsch.
6 <?<?, 10 ? ? Fonts Boa; 1 S Quevedo ; 1 <? La Oroya ; 1 <J Carondclet,
Ecuador (Flemming & Bliquetta.)
625. H. squalida Herr.-Schaeff.
lo (JcJ, I ? Fonte Boa; 1 S Obidos ; 1 cJ, 3 ? 9 said to be La Plata (town) ;
I S San to Antonio do Javary ; 1 ? Castro, Parana.
626. H. polydonta Hamps.
1 6 Quevedo ; 1 3 Colombia; 1' o cJ Popayan (Lehmaan) ; 7 (J o La Oroya ;
1 S Iquitos, 1893 (Stuart); 2 cJc? Caparo.
627. H. mandus Herr.-SchaeH'.
Sir George Harapson has united under the name of rhomboidea Sepp a number
of species, among others wa«i?/«. The figure of r/w/M^o/r/tY^ to ray mind is so bad
that it is ijnite unlike any species of IlalUidota ; it therefore must be rejected
altogether. The true mandus is, I believe, confined to the Rio district, and I have
two cotypcs.
1 cJ Nova Friborgo ; 1 ¥ Rio de Janeiro; 1 (J, 1 ? Brazil (Felder coll.).
628. H. nonagrioides spec. nov.
c?. Pectus and legs buff; head, antennae, and thorax bulHsh clay-colour,
anterior portion of patagia paler; abdomen orange buft". Forewing buft', discal
area somewhat seiuihyaline, median nervure brown ; beyond ape.x of cell the outer
two-fifths of wing witii long narrow cuneate darker markings in the internervular
spaces ; longitudinal hair-lines of darker colour in cell. Hindwing semihyaline
silky crcam-wliite.
?. Similar but much larger, the darker markings on forewings except on
median nervure almost obsolete.
Length of forewing : S 22 mm. ; ? 26 mm.
Hab. 2 tJcJ, 2 ?? Caracas, Venezuela; 1 6 Valencia, Venezuela; i S i
Merida ; 3 c?t?, 2 ?? Sapucay ; 1 (S Ocoueque ; 1 S Sao Paulo; 1 <S Minas
(ierai's.
( 65 )
(i'-i'-<. H. pseudomanda spec nov.
t?. Similar to maiidus, but the central longitudinal band of forewing almost
absent and a discocellular round brown stigma.
? . Larger and paler, and stigma also larger and more distinct.
Hab. 8 c?c?,2 ?? La Oroya, Carabaya ; 1 S Santo Domingo; 1 S Tinguri ;
1 c? Surinam.
630. H. strigulosa Walk.
This is quite a distinct sj)ecies and has nothing to do with mandas.
2 <SS (Jhiriqui ; 1 6 Costa Rica ( Underwood) ; 1 S Jalapa ; 3 t? t? , 1 ?
Orizaba; 2 66 Sao Paulo; 1 S Minas Geraes ; 1 c?, 1 ? ? (Felder coll.);
1 ? Petropolis; 1 6 Tijnco, Brazil, December; 3 +? Pozuzn ; 1 c? Valencia,
Venezuela; 1 ? Rio de Janeiro; 'i 6 6 Concordia Cafetal, Jinotega, 440O ft.,
March 19U6 (M. G. Palmer); 1 ? San .lacinthe Valley, Theophilo Ottoni, Minas
Geraes, 1907-8 (F. Birch).
631. H. ochracea Moeschl.
6 <?c?, 4 ? ? Sao Paulo; 1 ? ? (Felder coll.) ; 2 c?c? La Oroya ; 1 6 Orizaba ;
1 6 Castro, Parana ; 1 c? Rio de Janeiro ; 1 ? Foute Boa.
632. H. nubilosa Rothsch.
b 66 Santo Domingo; 1 6 Oconeque ; 1 c? La Oroya.
633. H. oblonga Rothsch.
6 c? J , 2 S ? Santo Domingo ; 1 c? Oconeque.
634. H. quadrata spec. nov.
6. Allied to nuhilosus, but wings much shorter and broader, giving the insect
a S(juare appearance. Ground colour of wings much more buff, not cream-colour,
and the markings rufous chestnut, not dark lirown.
Length of forewing : 20-28 mm.
Hab. 1 6 Oconeque, Carabaya ; 1 <J Limbani.
635. Halisidota spec.
1 S Ibarra, May 1897 (Rosenberg). This is evidently a fine new species, but
the specimen is in too damaged a condition to describe.
636. H. atrimaculata Hamps.
1 (J San Jacinto, Merida (Briceno).
637. H. angulata spec. nov.
(J. Allied to quadiatus. Pectus, head, antennae, and thorax brownish bull;
abdomen paler. Forewing buffy yellow, marked all over with irregular rufous
half-moons and streaks ; a dark brown stigma at end of cell, from which proceeds
5
( 66 )
a rectangular riifons baud, the longer arm reacliiug the ternien, the shorter the costa.
Hindwing buff.
?. Similar, but larger and paler.
Length of forewiug: 6 21 mm. ; ? 26 mm.
Jiab. 8 <J<J, 1 9 Santo Domingo, Carabaya; 3 <J (J La Oroya.
638. H. flavorufa spec. nov.
cJ. Legs and pectus dirty bnft' ; head brownish buff; thorax buff thickly dusted
withrufons; abdomen rufons buff. Forewing jirimrose yellow dusted all over
with rnfons speckles ; a patch within cell near ape.\, a large stigma, a broad streak
beyond stigma and a patch on vein 1 beyond the centre rufous, the stigma with
cinnamon centre. Hindwings semihyaline cream-buff.
Length of forewing : 23 mm.
IJab. 1 cf Potaro, Brit. Guiana; 1 c?, 1 ? Carondelet, Ecuador (Flemming &
Miqnetta).
639. H. nebulosa spec. nov.
cJ. Pectus and legs creamy white ; fore-coxae orange ; antennae testaceous ;
thorax buff densely powdered with brown ; abdomen reddish buff. Forewing
buffy cream densely powdered with rufous ; an irregular rufous band from base
along median vein to termen. Hindwing buff.
?. Larger, paler, and less densely powdered with rufous, median band almost
obsolete.
Length of forewing: ? 19 mm.; ? 23 mm.
fJab. 4 c?c? Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons; 1 c? La Union, Carabaya ; 5c?cf,
1 ? Allianca ; 4 t?c?, 1 ? Galama ; 1 c? La Oroya ; 1 ? San Ernesto.
64U. H. subfasciata spec. nov.
d. Pectus, legs, head, and antennae buff; thorax buff slightly irrorated with
brown ; abdomen brownish buff. Forewing pale yellow crossed by six or seven
irregular waved cinnamon bands. Hindwing semihyaline cream-buff.
Length of forewing : 19 mm.
Hub. Sapucay, Paraguay.
641. H. annulosa Walk.
1 ? Ocampo, El Chaco, Argentina, November 1905 (Venturi) ; 1 ? Maraval,
August 11S91 ; 4 c?c?, 6 ? ? La Union, Caura ; 7 (?(?, 2 ? ? Fonte Boa ; 2 c?c7,
1 ? Buenavista ; 4 (^ c? La Union, ('arabaya; 2 cJcJ, 1 ? Rio Ucmerara ; 2 o (J
Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 S Allianca ; 1 o Potaro; 1 <J Valencia, Venezuela; 1 ? Rio
de Janeiro; 1 (J, 1 ? Guadalajara; 1 ? C'csta Rica (Underwood); ',i d ^ , I ?
Orizaba ; 1 ? Santo Domingo ; 1 ? Pozuzu ; 1 ? Asahar dc Cartago ; 1 tj Brazil ;
1 <5 Guayaquil, W. Ecuador (v. Buchwald) ; 1 <J, 2 9? Caparo ; 1 <S Pebas,
Amazonas ; 1 ? Tumatumari ; 1 ? Jalapa.
642. H. caterulata (Hiibn).
1 J, 1 ? Tucuman (J. Steinbach).
( 67 )
043. H. walkeri spec. nov.
(J. Pectus, head, and thorax ImiT ; aiiteimae pale brown ; abdomen clay-bnff.
Forewing buff reticulated with rufous brown, an autcmedian and postmediaii
transverse band of rufous brown, between the terraen and the postraedian band,
a short band from costa to vein S. Hindwings semihyaline creamy white.
? . Similar, but larger and darker.
Length of forewing : S 130 mm. ; ? KJ mm.
Hab. La Union, Caura.
71 <?c?, 15 ? ?.
643a. H. walkeri major subsp. nov.
Differs in its much larger size.
Length of forewing : <$ 17 mm. ; ? 19—20 mm.
Hab. 1 S Amapete Valley, Trinidad, July 1902 ; 1 tS Pambilan, Ecuador ;
1 c? Cachabi (Rosenberg) ; 1 ? Port of Spain, Trinidad ; 1 (^ Cananche, Colombia ;
1 c? Valencia, Venezuela ; 1 ? S. Javier ; 2 (?c?, 3 ? ? Fonte Boa; 5 c?(?, 1 ?
Aroewarwa Creek; 1 ? Caparo; 1 6 Codajas ; 1 c? Salidero, N.W. Ecuador,
March 1901 (Flemmiug & Miquetta) ; 1 cf Tnis ; 1 cj, 1 ? La Merced, Chancha-
mayo ; 1 cJ Rio Dagna.
644. H. buchwaldi spec. nov.
(J. Similar to wrdkcri, but much paler, and the transverse bands obsolete ;
the stigma on forewing larger.
Hab. 1 (?, 1 ? Rio Demerara ; 1 S Potaro ; 1 c? Makasaka, Sta. Marta
(V. de Andreis); 5 c?(?, 6 ? ? Quevedo; 4 Jc?, 1 ? Fonte Boa; \ S La Union,
Carabaya ; 1 ? Taba(iuite, Narieva Uistr., Central Trinidad ; 1 ? S. Javier,
Rio Cachabi (Flamming & Miquetta) ; 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek; 2 c?c?, 1 ? La
Union, Caura; 1 S Tijnco, Brazil, December; 2 c?(7 Sapncay ; 1 ? Santo Antonio
do Javary ; 4 Si, 2 ? ? Sao Paulo; 1 3 Caparo ; 1 ? Paraguay (Dr. Bohls) ;
1 S Castro, Parana ; 1 S Petropolis ; 1 ? Buenavista ; 1 ? Marii)a, Caura.
645. H. minuta spec. nov.
(?. The smallest species I have seen. Pectus and legs buff; head, antennae,
and thora.K buffish brown ; abdomen brownish buff. Forewing pale buffy brown
streaked and irrorated with blackish brown, a larger splash of same colour at
tornus. Hind wing buff.
Length of forewing : 11-5 mm.
Ilab. La Oroya, Carabaya.
1 c?.
646. H. curta spec. nov.
S. Pectus and legs pale cinnamon; antennae cinnamon; head and thorax
cinnamon olive ; abdomen pale cinnamon ? Forewing pale cream cinnamon
with irregular patches of greenish olive-yellow, and dotted with black. Hindwing
cinnamon sooty brown.
Length of forewing : 14 mm.
Hub. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons.
1 cJ.
( 68 )
647. H. amaxiaeformis spec. nov.
S. Shaped like an Amaxia. Pectus cinnamon buff; head, thorax, and antennae
pale liuffish cinnamon ; abdomen brownish bnft". Forewing ])ale buffish cinnamon
reticnlated with rnfons cinnamon. Hindwing semihyaline cream-colour.
? . Resembles a small //. nonagrioif/es, but ground colour golden buflf.
Hab. Rio Cayapas, N.W. Ecuador (Flemming & Miquetta).
1 <J, 1 ?.
648. H. uniformis spec. nov.
Uniform imffish clay-colour except hindwings, which are hyaline grey.
Hab. Rio Uemerara.
1 ?.
649. H. umbrina spec. nov.
<S. Pectus and legs pale butfy wood-brown ; head and tegulae and antennae
wood-brown ; thorax and patagia paler, more yellowish ; abdomen dark sooty
black-brown. Forewing dull orange-bnfF blotched and banded with dark wood-
brown. Hindwing deep black-brown.
Length of forewing : 16 mm.
hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons.
3 (JcJ.
650. H. leucanina Fcid.
1 c7 Oconeque ; 21 (icj, 8 ? ? Santo Domingo; 5 <J <J Agnalani ; 3 <?<?, 1 ?
Limbani; 3 ^ <J Merida ; 45 <?<?, 13 9 ? Bogota (20 <?<J, 2 ? ? Child); 2 cJ ^
Nova Friborgo: 6 <?<?, 1 ? Sao Paulo; 1 ? Bogota, Type (Felder coll.); 3 cJ (J
Rio de Janeiro ; 1 <3 Minas Geraes.
651. H. melaleuca (FeM.).
1 (J Bogota ; 1 ? Bogota, Type (Felder coll.).
652. H. semibrunnea Druce.
3 cJ(J, 1 ? La Oroya; 1 ? La Union, Carabaya ; 1 V Santo Domingo.
1 (J Bogota (Child).
6 <J ^ Sao Paulo.
1 6 Castro, Parana.
653. H. roseofasciata Druce.
654. H. rusca (Schaus).
655. H. interstriata Hamps.
656. H. hadenoides Rothsch.
2 $? Iquitos (Stuart) ; 18 dcJ Fonte Boa; 1 6 Allianca ; 1 ? Codajas.
657. H. conspicua (Maass.).
') S cJ Agualaui ; 1 6 Limbani.
( 6» )
658. H. melauoprocti$ Hamps.
4 <J(J Agualani ; 2 3 3 Limbani.
659. H. maasseni Rothsch.
2 (J <J , 2 ? ? Limbani ; 1 <J Agualaui.
660. H. semifulvus (Druce).
1 <J Agualani ; 1 <S Limbani ; 1 <J Rio Huacamayo.
COL H. ockeudeni Rothsch.
8 <J <J Agualani ; 1 (J Oconeque.
662. H. cinnamomea Rothsch.
1 ¥ Rio Huacamayo ; 2 ¥ ? Limbani ; 1 ¥ Agualani.
663. H. muscosa Rothsch.
4 ¥ ¥ Agualaui ; 2 ¥ ¥ Limbani ; 1 ¥ Huaneabamba.
664. H. nigrescens Rothseh.
4 ¥ ¥ Agualaui.
665. H. rufocinnamomea Rothsch.
1 cJ Agualani ; 1 cj Oconeque ; 1 S Limbani.
666. H. vitreata Hamps.
4 J o , 5 ¥ ¥ Agualaui.
667. H. bombycina Rothsch.
1 ¥ Limbani.
668. H. anapheoides Rothsch.
Vuleau de Chiriqui, 5000— 90UU ft. (Watson).
669. H. flavesceus Rothsch.
1 ^ Sonera, New Mexico, September 1 to 10, 1906 (Poling).
670. H. pallida (Schans).
2 (J J Onaca, Sta. Marta ; 4 cJ cJ Ocouecjue ; 9 (? 5 La Oroya ; 1 3 Coreato,
Cauca (Paine & Brinkley); 2 (J cJ Yungas de la Paz ; 4 (JcJ, 2 ¥ ¥ Santo Domingo;
2 <J(J Paramba ; 1 (J Cushi ; 4 (J J Huaneabamba; 1 cJ, 3 ¥¥ Merida ; 1 ¥
Rio Longo; 1 <J Pern; 1 ¥ Costa Rica (Uuderwood); 1 cJ, 1 ? Buenavista ;
1 ¥ Marcapata, E. Peru, 4500 ft. ; 1 ? Lita, Ecuador, 3000 ft. (Flemming).
671. H, arenacea (Schaus).
5 <JcJ Huaneabamba ; 7 (J i? Santo Domingo ; 2 3 <S Cushi ; I <J La Oroya.
( TO)
672. H. iridescens (Schana).
1 (J Qiievedo ; 1 ? La Oroya ; 1 (J , 1 ? Minas Geraes.
673. H. punctata Rothsch.
8 (J<f Santo Domingo.
074. H. baritioides Rothsch.
1 <J Pebas, Aiuazonas, November 1906 (M. de MatUan) ; 1 3 Fonte Boa.
67.5. H. inexpectata sjiec. nov.
3. Legs dark brown ; pectus, jialpi, head, thorax, and first, and last three
segments of abdomen above bright brownish orange; antennae bhaek ; central
tbnr segments of abdomen above soot}' brownish black. Forewing semihyaline
greyish white, strongly washed and shaded with mouse-grey on basal half ; a deej)
mouse-grey patch at apes of cell, and a broad band of mouse-grey from just before
termen to vein .5 ; all veins deep grey. Hindwing small and triangular, costal
two-thirds semihyaline greyish white ; veins deep grey, inner one-third dark
mouse-grey ; a large mouse-grey patch at end of cell.
?. Similar, but larger, and hindwing more normal, and the whole abdomen
above sooty black except last two segments.
Length of forewing: 3 24 mm.; ? 30 mm.
Ilab. 7 tJ<? Tinguri, C!arabaya ; 2 <S 3 ha. Union, Carabaya ; 2 33 Rio
Huacamayo ; 4 ? ? Caracas, Veneznela.
07(i. H. humosa (Dogn.).
1 ? Chanchamayo.
677. Metaxanthia vespiformis Druce.
1 <J Muzo, Colombia, July 10(»3 (M. de Mathan) ; 2 ?? Cananehe ; 2 ??
Potaro; 1 ? Pebas, Amazonas, December 1906; 2 ?$ Paramba, 3500 ft, April
1897 (Rosenberg) ; 1 ? Carillo, Costa Rica, June, July 1903 (Underwood).
678. M. threnodes Drnce.
53 <J(J La Union, Caura ; 1 3 La Vuelta ; 3 3 3,2 ?? Aroewarwa Creek.
679. Agorea rectilinea Burm.
2 3 3, 5 ?? Ciudad de Tucnman (Dinelli, Monetti) ; C, 3 3 Tucnman
(Steinbach, Dinelli); 1 ? 8alta, N. Argentina (Steinbach) ; 1, Argentine, Prov.
Tncuman (G. A. Baer) ; La Soledad, Entre Rios, December 13, 19Ul (Miss Britton) ;
3 <J (J Castro, Parana.
680. A. longicornis Herr.-Sclmef}.
15,19 Sapiicay.
681. A. schausi Rothsch.
2 3 3,1 ? Orizaba; 1 3 Bogava, Chiriqui, SOU ft. (Watson).
( 71 )
682. A. ockendeni Rothsch.
2 <J (J , La Oroya.
683. A. citrinotincta Rothsch.
3 (J <J Oaaca, Sta. Marta ; 1 ? Mericla.
684. A. boettgeri Rothsob.
1 <J Huaucabamba.
685. A. klagesi Rothsch.
1 <J, 1 ? Fonte Boa.
686. A. nigrostriata Rothsch.
1 ? Ciudad de Tncnmau (Monetti).
687. A. semivitrea Rothsch.
1 ? Cachabi (Rosenberg); 1 ? Bofiuete, Chiriqni, 3.500 ft. (VVatsou) ; .5 <5<J,
3 ? ? Maripa, f !anra ; 1 cJ Port of Spain ; 1 cJ Fort Aka)'m, Rio Demerara ;
2 cJ<J Merida ; 1 <? St. George's, British Guiana, November 1891 (W. Ellacoinbe);
3 (?o", 3 ? ? Sao Paulo; 2 <S S Guayaquil; 9 (JcJ, 3 ?? La Union, Canra; 1 9
Palma Sola, Venezuela; 2 cj (5 (Japaro ; 1 <J Paramaribo, December 1892 (W.
Ellacombe); 1 c? Buenavista ; 1 cJ Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela; 1 <? Codajas ;
1 ? Valencia, Venezuela.
688. Bituryx intacta Walk.
2 <JcJ Fonte Boa; 1 ? Codajas.
689. B. venosata Walk.
1 (J Tinguri.
690. B. pellucida (Sepp).
Tliis is undoubtedly the insect figured by Sepp. The Agorea which has hitherto
been identified as the pellucida of Sepp, I have had to rename semivitrea.
1 <J Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 ? La Union, (^aura.
691. B. grisea Dogn.
1 6 Santo Domingo.
692. B. diversipes Walk.
1 (J Caracas, Venezuela.
693. B. hofTmaiiusi Rothsch.
4 cJ cj Allianca.
694. B. mathani Rothsch.
0 (J (J, 2 ??, Cananche; 2 6$ Muzo, August 1903 (Mathan) ; 1 cJ, 1 ?
La Palma ; 1 ? Guadalite.
( 72 )
695. Neritos macrostidza Hamps.
1 <J Fonte Boa ; ? 1 9 San Eruesto.
')9(5. N. repanda Walk.
3 <?cJ, 1 9 La Oroya; 1 <J Fonte Boa; 1 3 Rio Hiiaiaiuiivo.
097. N. discobola Hamps.
1 Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 3 Fonte Boa.
()98. N. sorex Urnco.
7 (J(J, 2 ?? La Union, ('araliaya; 5 <J5, a ?? Fonte Boa; 3 cJo San
Ernesto ; 1 <S Santo Domingo ; 1 ? Bnenavista ; 1 § British Guiana.
099. N. leucoplaga Hamjis.
1 (J La Union, Carabaya.
7uo. N. prophaea Scliaus.
1 ? Tucson, Arizona, May 1903 (Oslar).
701. N. rosacea Uothseh.
1 (J Palma Sola, Venezuela.
70-,'. N. aflfinis Rothsch.
8 ^ <J Aroewarwa Creek ; 4 cJ cJ Fonte Boa ; 1 <J Bnenavista.
703. N. griseotincta Rothsch.
1 (J, 7 $ ? , Aroewarwa Creek.
704. N. abdominalis Rothsch.
2 iJ cJ Fonte Boa.
70;'). N. steiubachi Rothscli.
1 <J, 1 ? Bnenavista.
7uo. N. sanguidorsia (Schaus).
1 ? Potaro ; •> cJ cJ ( 'aparo, Trinidad (F. Birch).
707. N. holophaea Hamps.
2 <J <J Fonte Boa ; 1 cJ Aroewarwa Creek.
708. N. psammas Cram.
This is not the 3 of omjtes Cram.
2 5(J ('aparo, 3 <?<? Aroewarwa Creek; 1 tJ Calama; 2 cJcJ Potaro; 1 S
Tumatnmari ; 1 c? St. Laurent de Maroni.
( 73 )
709. N. onytes Cram.
This is identical with cotes Drnce and not with psammas Cram.
1 9 Paramaribo, December 189:i (C. W. Ellacombe); 1 ? Potaro.
710. N. coccinea Schans.
1 (? Aroewarwa Creek ; 1 6 Foute I'oa.
711. N. hampsoni Rothsch.
3 JcJ Fonte Boa.
712. N. inequalis Rothsch.
3 (Jc? San Ernesto ; 1 S Salampioni ; 3 (?<? Palcazu, Dept. Junin (Sedlmayr) ;
4 cJcJ La Union, Carabaya; '-,' SS Fonto Boa; 1 S Cajon, Cnzeo ; 4 cJc? Ynngas
de la Paz : 1 cJ, 1 ? Aroewarwa Creek.
713. N. persimilis Rothsch.
8 (JcJ, 1 ? La Oroya; 2 c^cJ, 2 ? 9 Aroewarwa (Ireek ; 1 S Codajas.
714. N. triangularis Rothsch.
1 cJ, .') 9 ? La Oroya; 2 c? c? Ciianchamayo ; 1 cJ Pozuzn ; 1 cJ Ynngas de hi
Coroico ; 1 <J Ciizco, Pern ; 1 S Potaro.
715. N. s])ecies.
This may be the true 9 of m/icrosticha, but I am not sure.
3 9 9 Sao Paulo.
716. N. cyclopera Hamps.
1 (J Fonte Boa ; 2 9 9 Paramba, Ecuador (Rosenberg).
717. N. androconiata Rothsch.
1 <i La Union, Carabaya ; 2 JtJ, 1 9 La Oroya; 1 <S Tingnri; 3 9 9 Fonte Boa.
718. N. lavendulae lavendulae Rothsch.
3 9 9 Aroewarwa Creek ; 2 cJ <J Fonte Boa.
71 8a. N. lavendulae meridionalis Rothsch.
2 SS Rio de Janeiro.
719. N. perversa Rothsch.
1 (J Fonte Boa ; 2 ¥ ? Aroewarwa Creek.
720. N. drucei Rothsch.
2 cj (J Aroewarwa Creek.
( 74 )
T21. N. nigricoUis Dogn.
2 <J<J La Union, Carabaya.
722. N. steniptera Hamiis.
;■) <?<? Fonte Boa (1 = Type of Areomolis basalts Rothsch.); 1 3 .Santo
Antonio do Javary 2 (JcJ, 2 ? ? Aroewarwa Creek.
723. N. ockendeni (Rothsch.).
3 c?(?, 1 ? La Oroya; 3 <?<?, 2 ? ? Fonte Boa ; 1 ? Aroewar^ra Creek.
724. Aemilia ambigua (Stretch).
2 (JcJ, 1 ? Dnrango, Col. (Oslar) ; 3 (?<? Glenwood Springs, Col. (Oslar); 1 3
Colorado.
725. Ae. rubriplaga (Walk.).
1 3 Zamora, Ecnador (Baron); 1 cj, 1 ? Santo Domingo ; 3 ?? Merida ;
1 (J Coreato, Canea (Paine & Brinkley); 1 <J San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 ft.,
November 1907 (M. G. Palmer).
726. Ae. crassa (Walk.).
1 3 Paramba, Ecuador, January — Angnst 1899 (Flemming) ; 3 o^ Hnanca-
bamba ; 1 3 Lita, Ecnador, 3000 ft. (Flemming) ; 1 3 Merida; 1 ¥ Limbani ; 1 ?
Agnalani; 'i 3 3 Jimenez, AV. Colombia, 1600 ft., Jnne 1907 (M. G. Palmer).
727. Ae. pagana (Schans).
1 <J, 4 ? ? Castro, Parana.
728. Ae. brunneipars Hamps.
1 (J, 1 ¥ Limbani; 8 (J J, 6 ? ¥ Agnalani; 1 3 Oconeque ; 1 3 La Oroya.
729. Ae. melanchra (Schans).
3 (J (J , 1 ¥ Oconeque.
730. Ae. mineosa (Drnee).
a 3 3 Oconeqne ; 1 ¥ Popayan (Lehmann).
731. Tyria jacobaeae (Linn.).
1 3 Bedford Pnrliens, Wansford, June 30, 1903 (W. Rothschild); 3 3 3,
18 ¥ ¥ Tring, Herts, May 1899 (A. Goodson) ; 1 ¥ Great Britain (whole three
margins broadly scarlet) ; 1 ¥ Great Britain (very small, all red replaced by
pinkish yellow); '.) 3 3 , 4 ¥ ¥ Folkestone, Kent (White) (all more or less blotched
or off-coloured individuals); 2 cJo, 4 ¥¥ May 11, 1899, Sark, Channel Islands
(E. Hartert); 1 3 Herm, Channel Islands, May 7, 1899 1, cj, 1 ¥ Jersey,
Channel Islands (B. Hartert); 1 ¥ Ringwood, Hants (C. J. Fowler) (left side pale,
very large) -,433 WOrishofen, Bavaria, July 23—29, 1905 (0. Neumann) ; 3 J (J ,
( 75 )
1 ? Schwalbach (W. Rothschihl) ; 1 <S Wiesbaden; 1 3 (Viinraitscliaii, June 8,
1898 (Th. Wagner); o ?? Liebeuau, Bohemia, July 3, lOuO (Em. Gnull);
4 JcJ, 3 ?? ? (Austria?) (Felder coll.); 2 cJ cJ Digne, Basses Alpes, Jnae
17_24, 19(18 (W. Rothschild & K. Jordan); 1 <S Grenoble, July 5, 1908
(W. Rothschild); 1 (J, 1 ? South of France (Gronm-Grschraaiio coll.); 1 3
Luchon, July 9, and 2 ? ? Cantarets, July 22—28, 1905 (W. Rothschild ct
E. Hartert); 1 <J Vallee du Lys, 1100 m., Jnne T, 1904 (E. Hartert); 1 ^, 1 ?
Bern, Jura; 1 ? Ficnzza, near Busambra, Sicily, June 13, 1907 (0. Neumann);
1 (J Pescocostanza, Italy, July 23, 190(5 (0. Neumann); 7 cJ(J, 3 ?? San
Ildefonso, Segovia, Spain, Jnne— August 1900 (M. de la Escalera) ; 1 <S Mar-
marosszuget, Tx-ansylvania, July 19(il (Farkas Sandor); 1 cj, 1 ? Sarepta and
2 larvae ? (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.).
732. Euchlaenidia trancisa (Walk.).
1 (J Rio de Janeiro.
r33. E. bimaculata Drnce.
This is quite distinct.
1 <S Sapucay ; 1 <J .
734. E. neglecta spec. nov.
<J. Pectus, legs, head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown.
Forewing greyish brown, veins paler; an oblique cream-coloured band crosses the
wing from costa across end of cell to tornns. Hindwing orange, an ovate black
jtatch at tornns.
Length of forewing : 13 mm.
Ifab. Sta. Catharina.
1 <?.
735. E. ockendeni spec nov.
?. Pectus and legs dark fuscous; palpi yellow, last joint black ; frons yellow
with large central black patch ; antennae black ; collar yellow; thorax black-
brown ; abdomen above orange-buff with broad central dorsal black band.
Forewing black-brown with the veins buff; a broad oblique outwardly carved buffy
orange band reaches from the costa across end of cell to just before tornns.
Hindwing orange, a border of black from before termen to tornns ; this border is
very broad from termen to vein 4, then very narrow to vein 2, and again broad from
vein 2 to tornns.
Length of forewing : 22 mm.
Ilab. La Union, Carabaya.
1 ¥.
73(5. Holomelina cocciniceps (Sthaus).
1 ? Larima Co., Col., August 1891, 70U0 ft.
737. H. semirosea (Drnce).
2 (Si Mexico City.
(70 )
738. H. mathani spec. iiov.
? . Legs, pectus, head, antennae and thorax dark wood-brown ; abdomen
reddish orange, a narrow central dorsal black line. Forewing deep wood-brown.
Hiudwing dark brick-red, a black border from before termen to tornus, some-
what narrower between veins 2 and 4.
Length of forewing: I'J mm.
Hab. La Palma and (Jiiadalite, Ciuidinamarca, t'olombia, August 1903 (M. de
Mathan).
2 ¥ ?.
739. H. laeta (Grote).
12 c?t? Hnachnca Mts., Arizona, August 1903 (Oslar) ; 5 c?(? Nogaies, Arizona,
August 1903 (Oslar) \ 2 S S Palmerie, Arizona (Biederraann) ; 1 S Hnachnca Mts.,
August IG, 1901 (Brenninger).
7411. H. aurantiaca (Hiibu.).
1 c?, 1 ? Vera Cruz, Me.\ico ; 1 tj, 1 ? Iowa (Meyer cdII.) ; 1 ? Prescott,
Arizona, July 7, 1902 (Oslar) ; 1 c?, 2 ? ? Monacknock, New Hampshire (F. Birch) ;
1 S United States (Land coll.) ; 7 <S 6 , 4 ? ? Texas; 2 c?(J, 2 ? ? N. America;
5 c?c?, 1 ? Iowa: 1 cJ, 4 ? ? Canada; 1 o , 3 ? ? ? ; 2 <?c? Alleghany Pass;
I 6 Bexar Co., Texas (Attwater); 3 cJiJ, 5 ?? Grand Junction, Col., July, 1901
(E. J. Oslar); 1 cJ, 1 ? Babylon, Long Island, July 3, 1902 (N. Charles Rothschild
and F. Gaynor); 0 c?cj, 1 ? Orizaba ; 1 ? Montreal to Quebec (Grapes); 0 cTJ,
4 ?? Bear Creek, Morrison, Col. (Oslar); 2 <?c?, 1 $ Sanford, Florida, May and
June ls9o.
741. H. ferruginosa (Walk.).
This insect is quite distinct from aurantiaca, and is always larger.
18 cJcJ, 2 ? ? Durango, Col. (Oslar) ; h) 3 S Glenwood Springs, Col. (Oslar) ;
II 5 (J, 4 ?? Larima Co., Col., 50UO-7000 ft.; 4 (JcJ, 4 ?? Grand Junction, Col.,
July 19i>l (Oslarj ; 3 cJ (J Sapelle Canon, New Mexico, July 1902 (E. J. Oslar);
5 <J (J Texas ; 2 <J <J Colorado ; 9 ^ cJ, 1 ? Chimney Gulch, Col., April to June 1901
(Oslar) ; 1 6 Colorado (Mason) ; 1 <J Allegliany Pass ; 1 <S Colorado Springs, Col.
(Oslar); 1 9 Canada ? ; 1(J, 1 9 ? (Meyer coll.) ; 3 (J<J Monacknock, New Hamp-
shire (F. Birch).
742. H. opella (Grote).
1 ? ? (Meyer coll.).
743. H. lata Grote.
2 ? ? Holguin, Cuba (Tollin and H. S. Parish).
744. Virbia dotata (Walk.).
2 (J (J Pebas, Amazonas, December 1906 (M. de Mathan) ; 1 ? ? (Felder coll.).
745. V. brevilinea (Walk.).
1 (J Sta. Catharina ; I ? Rio de .laneiro ; 1 o > (Felder coll.).
( 77 )
746. V. rosenbergi spec. nov.
?. Pectus, legs, palpi, antennae, head, and thorax black-brown ; abdomen above
orange with dorsal black band. Fore wing brown. Hind wing orange, a
narrow black border from base of costa roniid wing to vein 3, whence to tornus
it expands into a large patch ; inner margin to tornns orange.
Length of forewing : 22 mm.
Hab. 4 ? ? llio Dagna, Clolombia (Llosenberg); 1 ? Paramba ; 1 ? S. Javier ;
1 9 Bnlim.
747. V. lehmanni spec. nov.
6 Pectus, leg.s, palpi, head, antennae, and thorax black ; abdomen above
orange with very broad black dorsal band. — Forewing brownish black. ^Hindwiug
orange with almost even black border. Underside of forewing uniform black-
brown.
Length of forewing : 17 mm.
Hab. 3 cJc?, 1 ? Popayan (Lehmann) ; I <J, I ? Rio Dagua.
748. V. varians Schaus.
1 ? Cnzco, Peril, Jan. 1901 (Garlepp).
749. Virbia species.
1 ? Sta. Catharina, minns an abdomen, very distinct ; but I do not want to
describe a single ? in such condition.
750. V. zonata (Feld.).
3 ? ? ? (Feldcr coll.) ; 3 t?d' Jalapa ; 5 SS, 1 ? Huatuxco, Vera (Jruz; 3 SS,
2 ? ? Vera (Jruz, Mexico ; 1 c?, 1 ? Orizalia.
751. V. divisa (Walk.).
1 c? Jinotega, Nicaragua, 4100 ft., Jan. 190(3 (M. G. Palmer); 9 6 i Sao
Paulo; 1 (? Sapucay ; I c?, 1 ? Sta. (Jatharina ; 1 c? Bahia (Felder coll.) ; \ i S
Tijuco, Brazil, December; 1 cf St. George's, British Guiana, Oct. 1891 (C. W.
Ellacombe).
752. V. minuta (Fold.).
8 (J (J La Oroya ; H <a Tinguri ; 1 cJ llio llnacamayo ; 1 <S Sapucay.
753. V. mentiens Walk.
10 (J^ Caparo; 1 c? Maraval ; 1 S Paramaribo, August 1892 (W. Ellacombe);
2 ?? Carupano, December 1891 (W. Ellacombe).
754. V. parva Schaus.
4 (J(J, 3 ?? Quevedo, W. Ecuador (v. Bncliwald) ; 1 J Paramba; 1 ^, 1 ?
Chimbo; 1 S Colombia. All the three above species are not synonymous with
medarda Stoll, but quite distinct.
( 78 )
Too. V. flemmingi si)ec. iiov.
(J. Similar to nu'iiticm, but the wings longer and narrower, and the yellow
abdominal area of hindwings does not reach tornns, and tlie black border is evenly
broad from termen to tornns.
?. Larger, and the black border to hindwings becomes mnch wider towards
tornns.
Hah. S <J<J Salidero, N.W. Ecuador; 2 <JcJ, 1 ? Bulira, Ecuador; I S Caron-
delet; and 1 6 \\\o C'ayajias, N.W. Ecuador, January — April 1901 (Flemming
and Mii|netta).
7o»3. V. afBnis spec. nov.
6. Similar to parra, bnt wings mnch shorter and broader, and the yellow
area of hindwing occupies the whole of the wing except black marginal band,
and does not, as in parva, consist of a broad discal band only.
?. Mnch larger than 9 parva, and shows same differences.
Ilab. Paramba, W. Ecuador, 8 <J c? , 1 ? ; ? 1 (J Onaca, Sta. Marta.
757. V. subapicalis (Walk.).
1 c?,2 ? ? Amazons (Bates) (Felder coll.) ; 1 ? Chanchamayo, Jan. — Aug. 1901
(W. Hoffmanns) ; 1 ? Rio Cachiaco (Stuart); 1 <?, 1 ? Fonte Boa ; 1 t?, 1 ? Potaro ;
1 c? St. Laurent de Maroni ; 1 c?, 1 ? Itaituba ; 1 S Tnmatnmari ; 2 d S Codajas ;
1 c? Mouth of Kourou River, Oct. 190.5 (E. Le Moult) ; 1 S Sta. Catharina ; 1 ? ? ;
'ids Rio Huacamayo ; 2 (?<? La Vnelta ; 1 c? Tinguri ; 1 J La Union, Carabaya ;
lU cJc? Buenavista.
758. V. hypophaea Hamps.
2 66 Tuis, Costa Rica; 1 6 Bulira; 1 ? Cachabi (Rosenberg); 1 ? Rio
Dagua ; 1 ? Paramba; 1 ? Salidero, N.W. Ecuador, March 1901 (Flemming &
Miqnetta.)
759. V. xanthopleura Hamps.
1 ? Grenada, W. Indies.
760. V. ovata spec. nov.
?. Differs from ? of mbapicalis in being much larger and the yellow patch
on hindwing is much farther away from termen and forms a long, narrow ovate
sjiot.
Hah. Sta. Catharina.
701. V. strigata spec. nov.
(J $. All black, an orange streak some 'i mm. wide from base across disc to
within almost 2 mm. of margin.
Hab. 1 <J Borchland, Surinam, May 1892 (W. Ellacombe); 1 ? Tijuco, Brazil;
December (W. Schaus).
( 79 )
762. V. fasciata spec. nov.
<J. Thorax and head brown ; alidomeu above black. Forewing pale chocolate
brown, a paler yellowish baud from base to beyond apex of cell. Hindwing
yellow, with a very broad black marginal band.
?. Larger, forewing dark brown, no discal fascia. Hindwing: the black
marginal band so wide as to occupy almost half the area of wing.
Hab. 2 <S<S Paramba, W. Ecuador; 1 9 Bulim, W. Ecuador.
703. Antriotricha Integra (Walk.).
1 <J Bogota; 3 ? ? Bogota (Felder coll. j.
7(34. A. marcessens (Feld.).
1 c?, 1 ? ? (Felder coll., ? Type) ; 1 ? Zaraora, Ecuador, 3000-40U0 ft.,
(0. T. Baron).
765. Hyalocoa diaphana (Eversm.).
1 <J Sajan, Siberia.
766. Epimedia oberthueri spec. nov.
S. Legs and jjectus testaceous ; antennae black ; head cream-white ; thorax
cream-white ; two black dots on tegnlao and four on patagia ; abdomen pale
testaceous brown. Forewing pale brownish cream-colour, two black dots at the
base, a black dot at lower corner of apex of cell. Hindwing paler, more whitish.
Length of forewing : 15 mm.
Hab. N. Bailanda, Angola, October 10, 1901 (Pemberton).
1 (J.
767. Ep. dialampa Stand.
2 (J<? Urga (Leder), 1 <? Transbaicalia, (all three ex coll. Groura-Grschmailo).
768. Ep. libyssa Pttngl.
1 (J Sebdou, Province Oran, Oct. 1907 (H. Powell) (e.\ coll. Oberthiir, cotype
Emi/dia powelli).
769. Euprepia striata (Linn.).
1 (J ?, hindwings black, three yellow patches ; 1 S Rodna, Transylvania
(Farkas Sandor) ; 1 o Mainz ; 1 J Mont St. Michel de Cousson, Digne, looO-l.jOO m.,
July 1, 1908 (K. Jordan); 15 <J i? Sila Mts., Calabria, near Botte Donata, July
6-12, 1007, 1000-1800 m. (0. Neumann), 10 have various degrees of darkened
hindwings; 10 SS Digne, Basses Alpcs,Junc 1908 (W. Rothschild and K.Jordan),
2 have dark hindwings ; 1 o Germany (Biicliecker coll.) ; 2 iJ c? Wiesbaden, whitish
ground much black ; 1 (J, 1 ? Mainz (Groum-Grschmailo coll.) ; 7 (J5,5 ? ? Digne
to Mt. St. Michel de Cousson, up to 1200 m., July 2, 1908 (K. Jordan), 5 <J<J,
3 ? ? with much black on hindwings ; 1 (J ? ; 1 (J Dourbes, near Digne, June 25,
1908 (K. Jordan) ; 1 ? ?, 6 J cj (Felder coll.) ; 5 (J cJ ? with black hindwings, 2 marked
Strara 16. 7. 18 ; 1 cJ Sila Mts., near Botte Donata, Calabria (0. Neumann) ; 2 cj ij
Digne to Mt. St. Michel de Cousson (K. Jordan), and 2 3 6,1 ? Digne, Basses
( «o )
Alpes (W. Rothschild ami K. .Jordan) with lilack hiudwings ; 1 ? Switzerland ;
4 cJcJ Austria (3 Felder and 1 Gronm-Grscliiuailo colls.); Tfi 3 3, 2 ?? Sau
IldefoDso, Segovia, Spain, June-Angnst 1906 (M. de la Escalera), the series
shows ranch variation; 6 3 <S Amdo, and 1 3 dhinghan (Pntiato Exp.) (Groum-
Grschmailo coll.), '-i 3 3 entire!}' black.
TTo. Eu. cribraria cribraria (Linn.).
This species occurs in four well-marked subspecies.
7 <J(J, 6 ?? ? (Felder coll.), 1 Engadine ; 'i 3 3 Isella, 1 <J, 2 ?? N. Italy,
1 ? Caspian, and 1 cJ, 1 ? Berlin, 1 <?, 1 9 ? (Groum-Grschmailo coll.) ; 1 3
Grabowa; 1 ? La Grave, Hautes Alpes, 1500— ISDU m., July 2:3, 1908 (W.
Rothschild and K. Jordan); 2 2$ Herkulesbad, August 1907 (J. Aszner) ;
1 3 Siisz, August 1, 19ol (\V. Rothschild); 24 3 3, 8 ? ? Tarasp, July 1901
(W. Rothschild), and .July 1902 (W. Rothschild and E. Harterti ; 21 <JcJ, 3 $$
Silvaplana, July 1901 (Osirnig) ; 2 3 3, 2 $9? (Sand coll.); 1 3 Saas Fee, Saas
Valley, August T to 18, 1908 (Oscar Nenuiauui; 1 3 Majori, Gulf of Salerno,
May 5 to 10, 190.5 (Oscar Neumann); 19?: 1 <?,! 9 Granada, Andalusia
(0. Ribbe) ; 13, 19 Sierra Nevada, Andalusia (C. Ribbe); 1 <J Italia and
1 3 Hungaria (Buchecker coll.); 1 3 Majella Mts., Italy, July 19 to 20, 190(i
(0. Neumann) ; 2 o cj Pescocostauza, Italy, July 23, 1906 (0. Neumann) -,233
Zermatt, August 21 to 29, 1908 (0. Neumann) ; ^ 3 3 , 19 Great Britain.
770a. Eu. cribraria ripperti Boisd.
] 3 Hautes Pyrene'es (Groum-Grschmailo coll.). This subspecies is almost
entirely black.
7701!. Eu. cribraria bifasciata Ramb.
1 (?, 1 9 Corsica; 1 3 Corsica (Buchecker coll.) ; 2 33 Bastclica, Corsica
(H. Powell).
770c. Eu. cribraria chrysocephala Hubn
2<J^, 19?(Feldercoll.); 1 cJ,3 9 9 Environs d' Alger, May 1908 (W. Rothschild
and K. .Jordan); 6 33 Environs d'Alger, May 1906-7 (Dr. Nissen) -,233 Orange
Grove, Onm-er-Bia, near Mazagan, Morocco, April lo, 1901 (E. Hartert) ; 1 cJ ?
(Sand coll.) ; 1 3 South Russia ? ; 1 J, 1 9 Andalusia (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.).
771. Heliactinidia chiguinda (Druce).
2 3 3,2 9 ? I'opayan (Lehmann) ; 1 3 Loja (Dognin) ; J 3 Peru (Felder coll.).
772. H. flavivena Dogn.
1 o Paramba, Ecnaclor, January — May 1897 [W. F. Rosenberg) -,233 Santa
Hita, Cauca River (Paine & Brinkley).
773. H. nigrilinea (Walk.).
1 3 Popayan, Colombia (Lehmanu) ; 1 ? San Jacintho Valley, Theophilo
Ottoni, Miuas Geraes, 1907-8 (F. Birch).
( 81 )
TT4. Belemuia eryx (Fabr.).
4 <3<5,2 ? ? (Feliler coll., 2 <S <i marked Amazons, 1 9 Bogota) ; 8 <JcJ Teffc^,
Amazons, November 1907 (M. de Mathan) ; :?0;J<?, 33?? La Union, Caura :
4 (J(? La Union, Carabaya ; 1 cj, 1 ? Fonte Boa ; 8 <?<?, 1 ? Humayta ; 7 ?9
Gnya{)a, Caura ; 21 cJ<J, 10 ? ? Allianca ; 1 ? Santa C!rnz de la Sierra, E. Bolivia ;
2 ■SS,2 ? ? Province Sara; 3 ? ?, 1 ? Biienavista.
775. B. inaurata inaurata (Snlz.).
1 (J, n?? San Ramon, Rio Wanks, Nicaragua, 375 ft, Jnne lOoo (M. G.
Palmer) ; 3???; !<?, 2?? Sa:i Pedro Snla, Honduras (fide Fruhstorfer) ; 2 <JcJ,
2 ? ? Central America (Felder coll.).
775a. B. inaurata rezia Druce.
1 (J, 1 ? Bogota ; 1 ? Cundinamarca, Colombia ; 2 c? <J Rio Dagna, Colombia
(W. Rosenberg) ; 1 ? Amazons (Bates) (Felder coll.).
77(). B. ochriplaga llamjis.
8 cJ<?, 17 ?? La Union, Caura; 2 <3 <S , 3 ?? (Felder coll., 1 cJ, 1 ? marked
Amazon River); 1 ? Tinguri ; 7 tJcJ, 26 ? ? Tetfe, Amazons, November 1907
(M. de Matban); Juhuty, Amazons, April 19u5 (M. de Mathan); 1 (J, 5 ??,
Humayta; 1 <3 , 6 ?? Allianca; 1 (J, 2 ?? La Union, Carabaya; 1 ? Fonte
Boa ; 2 ? ? Guyaj.a, Caura ; 2 ? ? Maripa.
777. B. rnygdon marthae Rothsch.
1 <?, Hi ?? Onaca, Sta. Marta.
778. B. aplaga Hamps.
7 iS(S, 13 ?9 Paramba, 35(MI ft., June 1897, dry season (Rosenberg).
779. Diospage splendens (Uruce).
2 c?<?, 1 ? Province Sara; 1 <? Pozuzu.
780. D. chrysobasis Hamps.
1 (J Bogota.
78 L D. semimarginata liothscli.
2 cJ <J Paramba (Rosenberg).
7n2. D. steinbachi Rothscli.
4 (?(?, 1 ? Province Sara.
78:^. D- cleasa (Druce).
3 (J (J Bogota.
( 82 )
784. D. violitincta Kothsch.
1 (J Coriuto, (!anca, May— Jaly 1906 (Paine and Brinkley).
r85. D. engelkei Ilothsch.
1 (J Onaca, Sta. Marta.
786. D. rhebus (Cram.).
1 <J Amazons (Bates) (Felder coll.) ; 3 ? ? La Vnelta ; 1 ? Teffe (Mathan) ;
1 ? Fonte Boa; 2 (J<J, 3 ? ? Allianca; I <J, 1 ? La Union, Carabaya ; 2 <?<?,
8 ? 9 Maripa.
787. Hypocrisias punctata (Drnce).
1 (3 Huatnxco, Vera Urnz.
788. H. minima Neum.
2 (J (J, 2 ? ? Jaiai)a ; 2 <J b" , 1 ? Nogales, Arizona, July 1!I03 (Oslar) ; \ J ,
5 ? ? Cnernavaca ; 1 (J Mexico (? new species, dark brown).
789. H. jonesi (Schaus).
3 <J <J , 2 ? ? Castro, Parana.
790. H. fuscipennis (Burm.).
2 (J J Brazil ; 1 c?, 1 ? Rio de Janeiro.
791. Nisaea longipennis (Walk.).
1 c? Nanchnen, S. Szechnen, Jnly — September; 1 ? Central China ; 1 c?,2 ? ?
Moupin, Augnst 1890 (Kricheldorf) ; 1 ? Japan; 4 c?c?,2 ? ? Chang-Yang (Pratt);
1 ? \V. China; 1 c? Omeishan (native coll.); 4 ? ¥ Khasia Hills, May 1895 (native
coll.) ; 1 ? Assam; 1 (?, 1 ¥ ? ; 1 ¥ Wa-ssu-kow, 5000 ft., July 1890 (native
coll.) ; 1 ¥ Ichang Gorge, September 1887 (Pratt) ; 3 <Jc?, 1 ¥ ? (Felder coll.).
792. Preparctia mirifica (Oberth.).
1 df Ta-tsien-lu, 1904 (Chasseurs du Pere Dejean) ; 1 ¥ Ta-Ho, Thibet, 1895
(native coll.). (Both ex coll. Oberthur.)
793. Leptarctia californiae (Walk).
17 (?c?, 2 ? ¥ Chimney Gulch, Golden Col., April 1901 (Oslar); 2 (?<^, 3 ¥ ¥
Colorado Springs, Col., May 1901 (Oslar, 2 ¥ ¥ normal, 1 ¥ black hindwing, orange
patch near tornus, 2 d <S black hiudwings ; 3 cJd' Colorado (Mason).
794. Hyphoraia lapponica (Thnnb.).
1 ¥ ? without abdomen (Felder cull.).
( 83 )
T95. H. testudinaria (Fotircr.).
•^(?c?? (Felder coll.); 2c?(?, 1 ? Meraii (1 c? almost black hiadwings) ;
2 c?c?, 4 ? ? ?; 3 (?cJ, 5 ? ? Tyrol (Grouiu-Grschmailo coll.) ; 1 <?, 1 ? Piemont
(Bartel coll.).
795a. H. testudinaria x H. aulica.
3 c?cf, 2 ? ? emerged December 190(3, result of pairing a d If. aulica from
Silesia with a ? //. tcstmlinaria from South Tyrol.
796. H. aulica (Linn.).
10 (J (J, 8 ? ? Austria (Felder coll.) ; 1 <J Siberia (Felder coll.) ; 5 cj^,3 ? ? ?;
3cJ<?, .1 ?? Crimmitschau, May 1890 (Th. VVaguer) ; 1 S Liebenati. Bohemia,
June 10, 1907 ; 1 S Blarmarossznget, Transylvania, July 1901 (Farkas Sandor) ;
2 cJ(J, 3 ? ? Bavaria ; 1 <J, 1 ? Zara (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.) ; 1 ? Tyrol, and
1 ? Silesia (very dark hindwings); 1 (J, 1 ? Bohemia (uniform brown fore wings
and black hindwings).
797. H. dejeani (Godt.).
1 (J San Ildefonso, Segovia, Spain, June — August 1906 (M. de la Escalera);
1 0,2 ? ? Castile, Spain (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.) ; \ $,\ ? ?.
798. H. parthenos (Harr.).
1 ? Labrador (Felder coll.) ; 1 <5 Texas ; 1 ¥ Massachusetts (Meyer coll.).
799. Ocnogyna latreilli (Godt.).
2 <J(J, 2 ???: 2 $$ Castile; 1 ? Alpes Maritimes (Gronm-Grschmailo
coll.) ; 1 (J Cintra, Portugal, May 12, 1909 (N. Charles Rothschild) (hindwings
yellow).
800. 0. pretiosa albovittata subsp. nov.
(J. Differs from 0. pr. pretiosa in having the pale markings of the forewings
pure white, not pale clay-colour.
Hab. Kukn Nor, Thibet.
1 <J.
801. 0. banghaasi Stand.
\ $S Akbes, Asia Minor, May 17, 1902 ; 3 cJ cj Mersina, Asia Minor, 1895
(Holz) ; 4 J cJ Akbe's, Syria, 1895 (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.).
802. 0. pardalina (I'lingl.).
4 (J (J Hi District, July.
8()3. 0. corsicum corsicum (Ramli.).
3 cJcJ, 1 ? ?; 3 JcJ Corsica (Felder coll.); 2 <J<J, 1 ? Corsica (Gronm-
(irschmailo coll.).
( 84 )
80;u. 0. corsicum sardoa Stand,
•i <J<J, 3 ? ? Sardinia (L' <?<?, 2 ? $ Gronm-Grschmailo coll.; 1 ? Felder collo.
804. 0. pierreti (Rami).).
All the insects named pierreti Hamb., manretnnica Lucas, atlanficum Lncas,
gandolpltei Oberth., and huegenini Oberth., are aberrations of the sanie insect,
which innst stand as pierreti (Ramb.). We have fonnd the larvae in numbers
near Miistapha Snj)erieur, Algiers town, but failed to rear them.
3 cJ<J, 1 ? Mauretania (Groum-Grschmailo coll.) ; 4 <?<? ? ; 3 cJJ, 1 ? Algiers.
805. 0. boetica (Ramb.).
4(J(??; 1 (J,l ? Andalusia; 1 ;?, 1 ? Mauretania (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.) ;
1 (J, 1 ?, Sebdon, Oran, 1880-82, Dr. Codet (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.) (ex coll.
Oberthnr).
806. 0. loewii (Zell.).
2 (J (J Sj'ria ; 2 (J<J Haifa, Syria (F. Lange) ; 2 cJcJ, 1 <J Palestine (Groum-
Grschmailo coll.); 4 (? c? Ganden Askhabad, Kopet Dagh ; (! o fJ Akbf^s, Asia
Minor; 2 cJ J Armenia (Groum-Grschraailo coll.); 1 (J Kulj), Russian Armenia,
1901 (Max Korb) ; 2 <J(J ? ; 1 (J Palestine.
807. 0. pudens (Lucas).
1 S Mauretania (Groum-Grschmailo coll.) ; 3 cJ c? ? ; 1 <J Algiers ; 5 cJ <J Les
Glacieres de Blida, June 1908 (W. Rothschild and K. Jordan) ; 1 <J Hamraam
R'irha, May 31, 1908 (W. Rothschild and K. Jordan); 4 tJ cj Les Glacieres de
Blida (Dr. Nissen).
808. 0. parasita Hiibn.
1 (J, 1 ? ? (Felder coll.) ; 2 <J(?, 1 ? ? ; 1 d% 1 cJ Hungary (Gronm-Grschmailo
coll.).
809. 0. nogelli (Led.).
1 ^?.
810. Phragmatobia zoraida zoraida (Grasl.).
3<J(?,5???lcJ, 1 ? Andalusia (Groum-Grschmailo coll.); 1 <J Cnenca,
Castile ; 1 (J Albarracin.
810a. Ph. zoraida hemigena (Grasl.).
2 (J (J, 2 ? ? (Groum-Grschmailo coll., 1 (J marked " Pyr. orient."); 2 S6,
I ? ?; 2 ^^, 1 ? ?; I cJ, 1 ? ? (Felder coll.).
81 Ob. Ph. z. zoraida x Ph. z. hemigena.
This artificially produced hybrid (!) has been called zoraijena.
2 <JcJ, 2 ? ? (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.); 1 cj, 1 ? ? ; 1 cJ, 1 ? Spain?; 1 <J,
1 ? eggs laid Leipzig 1883 (fide Heyne), emerged Berlin, February 15, 1884.
( 85)
811. Ph. maculosa maculosa (Gern.)-
3 <?(?, 5 ? ? ? (Fekler coll.); 1 ? Helvetia, 2 (?<? Maiaz, 1 3 ? (Gronm-Grscb-
mailo coll.) ; 3 <?<?, 4 ? ? ? (1 <J, 1 ? Meyer coll.) ; 1 3 Lnchon, Jnly Kl, 1906 ;
2 cJcJ Canterets, Jnly 29 and August 2, 1905 (W. Rothschild and E. Hartert) ; 1 <S
Gfedre, Hantes Pyrenees, Jnly 19ns (Rondon) ; 6 3 -S La Grave, 1500— ISOO m., and
37 cJ.? Le Lantaret, 2000—2300 m., Hantes Alpes, Jnly 1908 (W. Rothschild and
K. Jordan); 9 cJc? Digne, Basses Alpes, Jane 1908 (2 Cotte, 7 W. Rothschild
and K.Jordan); 1 3 Beauvezer, Basses Alpes (H. Powell); 19 <?<? Pescocostanza,
Italy, Jnly 1900 (0. Nenmann).
811a. Ph. maculosa simplonica (Boisd.).
2 (J<J, 1 ? Silvaplana (Osirnig) ; I cJ Helvetia, 2 <?<?, 2 ¥ ? Albnla Pass,
Engadine (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.) ;2(J(J,2¥??;2(J(?? (Felder coll.) ; 2 ? ?
Engadine (W. Rothschild); 2 ? ? Schalberg, Pontresina, Engadine, Jnly 21, 1904
(M. Bartel) ; 1 <J , 1 ¥ ? (Meyer coll.).
811b. Ph. maculosa mannerheimi (Dnp.).
1 3 Ural (Felder coll.) ; 3 <J cJ Gnberli ?, I <J Saratow, 1 ¥ Orenburg (Gronm-
Grschmailo coll.); 1 3 Orenburg (M. Bartel); 1 <J, 1 ¥ S. Ural; 32 3 3 Uralsk,
June, Jnly 1900 (M. Bartel coll.).
811c. Ph. maculosa coecilia (Led.).
1 (?,1 9 ?.
81 Id. Ph. maculosa reticulata (Christ.).
2 <?cJ Achal-Tekke; 1 3 Askhabad, 1 cj, 1 ¥ Aidara (Eyland) (Groum-Grsch-
mailo coll.).
81 1e. Ph. maculosa dahurica (Boisd.).
'i 3 3 Issyk-Knl (Tancri^) (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.).
812. Ph. rupicola (Gr.-Grschm.).
1 ¥ Issyk-Knl, 1890 (Tancre).
(To he confinueth)
( 86 )
DIE GROSSEX KANGURUHS UND IHRE GEOGRAPHISCHEN
FORMEN.
Vox ERNST SCHWARZ.
(Plates I.— IV.)
BIS vor zehn Jahren war der Norden niid Westen Australiens in zoologischer
Beziehiing recht wenifj bekanut. Seit Gould's Zeiten ist dort kanra gesam-
raelt wordeu. lu der letzten Jahren aber ist eine ganze Reihe von Expeditionen
dort tiitig gewesen, die nns mit einer Anzahl nener Formen bekannt gemacht
haben. Eigentlioh haben wir jetzt von diesen bis daliin vernachliissigten, Gebieten
wait reiclieres ^Material als ans dem Osten, dem Silden und dem Iniiern des Konti-
nents. Die Kenntnis der grossen Kiiiignnihs hat durch die Sammlnngen, die jetzt
vorliegen, eine grosse Erweiterung erfahren. Mctcropus antilopiniis war nnr- in
einera Paar bekannt, voii dem Vorkomraen von Kilngnruhs der M. ritfiis- und
robust us-Gnv[i\i& im Westen wnsste man i'lberhanjit niehts. Es zeigt sich jetzt, dass
M. robustxs mit seinen verschieden Lokalformen iiber fast ganz Australian ver-
breitet ist ; lediglich im Sildwesten fehlt es, wahrend M. ru/us den ganzen
Kontinent, mit alleiniger Ausuahme Nordqneenslands und Arnhemhxnds, sowie
des iinssersten Nordwestens, bewolint. MacropKs giqatiti'us ist im Wesentlichcn ant'
die Kiistengebiete beschriiukt und dringt nur im Siidosten ins Innere ein. Macr.
antilopinus und ^[. hayenhecki endlich haben nur ein beschriinktes Verbreitnngs-
gebiet im iiussersten Norden. Zwei Formen nur leben auf Inseln: M.gig.fulginosus
anf Tasmanien und ^f. rob. isabelliiiiia auf P.arrow Island im Nordwesten. Letzteres
hat sich dort zn einer von dem allgemeinen rob>'gt'if:-'Y\\t. recht abweichenden Form
entwickelt.
Das Material zu der vorliegenden Arbeit stammt zum groasten Teil aus der
Sammlung des British Museum, das icli mit der freundlicheu Erlanbnis des Herrn
O. Thomas benntzen durfte. Baron AV. von Rothschild gestattete mir giitigst auch
die Benutznng seines Museums in Tring und Herr R. H. Bnrne die der Schiidel-
sammlung des Royal College of Surgeons. Fiir frdl. Auskiiufte bin ich Herrn
Prof. Matschie, Dr. Nieden und Dr. Heinroth, alle in Berlin verbunden. Allen
diesen Herren fitr ihre Unterstiitzung besten Dank.
In der Nomenklatnr der Zahne bin ich dem " Catalogue of Marsupials " gefolgt.
Der " Secator" ist der " p, " desselben. Dagegeu nenne ich das, was Tliomas " old "
nennt "erwachsen" (ad.), und was er "adult" nennt, " nicht ganz erwac-hsen "
(snbad.).
Von Literatur gebe ich nur die wichtigere, nach dem " Catalogue of Marsupials "
erschienene.
Die verschiedcnen Arteu sind folgendermasseu zu nnterscheiden :
Nach Schadelcharakteren :
«, Interorliitalregion stark konve.x.
A, I3 sehr lang, mit 2 Kerben, vordere Querleiste der Molaren rait
Langsbriicke ; Jochbogen breit. Proc. coronoideus des Unterkiefers
gedrnngen ......... M. yiijitnteitii.
( 87 )
ij I3 kurz, glatt ; vordere Qnerleiste der Molaren ohne Liingabriicke.
Jochbogen scbmal. Proc. coronoideus sebr schmal nnd spitz.
M. rufus.
«2 Interorbitalregiou nicht konvex ; oberer Rand der Aiigeiibuhle scbarfkantig.
(?, Nasenboble sebr stark erweitert ; Gaumen vorn sehr breit. Vordere
Querleiste der Molaren mit deutlicber Lilngsbrucke . M. antilopinus.
c-i Nasenbohle nnr wenig gevvOll)t, oder wenn erweitert, Gaumen vorn
schmal. Vordere Querleiste der bintereu Molaren ohne oder mit
ganz undeutlicher Lilngsbriicke.
f/, Facialindex beim erwacbsenen <J unter 280 . . M. robustus.
(I., Facialindex beim erwacbsenen cj iiber 280 . M. hagenbecki.
Nach ausseren Charakteren :
«, Obren laug. Gestalt seblank ; mit langen Hinterbeiuen,
/y, Hhinarinm behaart ; Mittelkralle des Hinterfnsses sebr lang.
M. giganteus.
b., Rliinariiim nackt ; Mittelkralle des Hinterfnsses kurz . M. rufus.
a., Ohren kurz. Gestalt gedrungen ; mit kiirzeren Hinterbeinen.
Ci Rbinarium mit mittlerer Ausbuchtung . . . M. antilopinus.
Ci Rliinarinm ohne solche.
(•/, Behaarnng wollig. Oberlippe weiss. . . M. hagenbecki.
d., Behaarnng nichlfwoUig. Oherlippe nicht weiss . M. robustus.
Macropus rufus.
Ein sebr grosses Kangurnh von schlankem Ban, mit langen Hinterbeinen.
? immer viel kleiner als $ .
Behaarnng kurz, sehr zart nnd wollig (nnr UnterwoUe, keine Grannen). Auf
dem vorderen Teil des Riickens ein VVirbel ; die Haare des Vorderriicken mehr oder
weuiger nach vorn gerichtet. Die Gesicbtshaare strablen von zwei Linien an den
Seiten nach der Mitte zu nnd bilden in der Mittellinie, wo sie sicb treften, eine Art
Kamm, der sich fiber Stirn nnd Nasenriicken erstreckt. Ohren innen lang, anssen
ganz knrz behaart. Schwanz kurzhaarig. Ohren lang. Rhinarinm breit, nackt ;
in der Form etwa in der MiLte stehend zwischen M. giganteus nnd robustus.
Mittlere Kralle des Hinterfnsses knrz ; Kralleu der Finger knrz, flach, stumpf.
Schadel: Die Gesichtspartie ist im Vergleich znr Gehirnkapsel sehr lang,
am liingsten von alien Kiingnrnhs. Die Nasenbohle ist seitlicb etwas gewulbt ;
die Schnauze verjiingt sich nach vorn. Die Nasalia sind laug nnd schmal, in der
Regel mit fast parallelen seitlichen Rilndern, die sich hinteu etwas von einander
entferuen. Die Interorbitalregion ist stark konvex, nnd der obere Rand der
Augeuhohle ist abgerundet, daher nndentlicli begrenzt. Ein Proc. postorbitalis
fehlt, nnd die mediale Wand der Angenhohle ist glatt. Der Jochbogen ist schmal
(der obere Rand des Proc. zygoraaticns des Schliifenbeins ist nnr wenig konvex).
Der Proc. infrazygomaticns ist lang nnd schmal. Die Offnnng des Triinenkanals
liegt ganz im Lacrimale. Der Proc. paroccipitalis ist lang nnd breit. Die
Pars horizontalis des Gauraenbeins ist sehr nnvollstilndig ; die Foramina palatina
sind oft gross nnd rcichen dann bis weit in die Maxilla hinein. Der Gannien ist
laug nnd schmal; seine geringste Breite geht etwa 2imal in die Liinge des
Diastemas. Die Foramina incisiva sind sehr lang nnd werden in der Regel hinten
von der Maxilla gebildet. Die Praemaxilla ist hinten in eine lauge Spitze
( 88)
aUsge^ogen, dio l>is zur Mitte der Nasalia reich)-. Die Profillinie des Schiidels
steigt von hinteii sehwacli konkav an bis znm hinteren Ansatz des Joclibogens,
von da scbwiiclicr (in last geiader Linie) bis zu ibrem liocbsten Pnukt iiber dem
Vorderende des Proc. zvgomaticns des Scbbifenbeins, nnd liinft von da in fast
gerader Linie (abgeseben von dem Knick am Hinterende der Nasalia) nach vorn.
Unterkiefer : Der Corpus ist sebr lang nnd scbmal nnd bildet mit dem
scblanken, niedrigen Ramns einen stiirapfen Winkel. Der C"ond_vlus ist sdiwacb
konkav. J'roressus coronoidcas kurz, scbmal, oben weuig uacb binten umgebogeu
nnd mit scharfer Spitze.
Zahne :
Oberkiefer: Scbneidezahne lang (in verticaler Ricbtnng) nnd mit mebr
senkrecbter Wnrzel als M. giganteus ; in der borizontalen Liinge alle drei recbt
variabel, I3 jedocb im Vergleich zu den verwandten Arten kurz. Nnr letzterer bat
bisweilen (besonders bei jungen Tieren) eiue undeutlicbe Vertikalrille. P3 liinglieb,
binten breiter als vorn ; Secator iibnlicb, aber scbmitler. Molaren gewubnlicb mit
wobl entwiekelter vorderen Querleiste, die aber grosse Neignng zeigt sicb abzn-
schleifen {Mao: mrignus!) und keine Liingsbriicke triigt. Dagegen findet sich
biiufig ein hinterer mittlerer Fortsatz der mittleren Qnerleisten. Liingsbrucke
zwischen der mittleren nnd binteren Querleiste wobl entwickelt.
Unterkiefer: I, seitlicb komprimiert, mit sebarfer Scbneide nnd nnteren
Kante nnd stnmi)fer medialen Kaute. Eine li^rizontale Rille parallel mit der
nntereu Kante. Secator iibulicb wio im Oberkiefer, aber viel schmiiler und kleiner.
Molaren an der Krone breiter als an der Wnrzel, mit gnt definierten Langs-
nnd Qnerleisten.
Hierher gehort aacb das beriihmte " Owen's Kiingnrnb " (Mac/: [BoriogaW]
magnus Ow.), das so lange in der Literatur herumspnkte nnd sich jetzt bei
sorgfiiltigem Vergleicb mit einer grossen Reihe von ?v</Mjj-Schadeln (Die Lokal-
formeii von M. ru/us sind am Scbiidel nicbt zu erkennen. Sie variieren individuell
bis zu einem gewissen Grade, subspeziiiscbe Charaktere, sind aber nicbt entwickelt)
als identisch mit M. ruj'as nnd zwar der typiscben ostanstraliscben Form, erweist.
Der "Typns" ist ein ganz verkriippelter Scbiidel. Scbnauze nnd Nasalia sind
giinzlicb verbogen, die Molaren sitzen infolge dessen zu dicht znsammen und
daher ist die Vorderleiste znm Teil abgerieben; ebenso ist der eine obere Secator an
den hinter ibm stehenden Zahn gepresst und ebenso abgerieben oder unvollstiindig
entwickelt ; der andere Secator ist etwas von dem hinter ihm stehenden Zahn
entfernt nnd ganz normal. Was die Griisse der beiden Foramina jialatina und
incisiva betrifl't, so sind das rein individnelle Eigenscbaften, die sicb bei mebreron,
der niir vorliegenden Scbiidel, teilweise ebenso, wenn nicbt noch ansgepriigter,
linden. Das Brit. Mns. besitzt iibrigens einen zweiten »v//M.s-Scbadel, der
ebensolche Molaren zeigt (von Dubbo, Nen-Siid-Wales) nnd Spencer {Report of
the Horn Exped. Mumm. p. 12 [1890]) erwiibnt zwei gleicbo von (lentral-
Australien.
Macropus ru/us ist das Kiingurah des luneron Anstraliens ; es feblt nnr
im iinssersten Norden nnd anscbeinend aucb im iiussersten Nordwesten. Eine
Lokalform findet sicb in Ostaustralien {rufaa), eine zweite in den Tropen des
Nordwestens ipallidus) und eine dritte im Siidwesten {occidfiital/s). ? und S
kr.unen gleicb gefiirlit sein und zwar blaugran oder rot. Beide Pbasen kommeu
bei alien drei Lokalformen vor. M. ru/us dissimulatus, das nach einem granen <J
bescbriclicii wnrde, ist (iH'ciibar (wio icb micli scllist iiberzeugen konnte) identisch
( 89)
mit der t3'pischen ostaustralischen Form, wogegen Cahn's M. r. occirlentalis, der
den Hauptwert anf die roten ? lej;t, eiiie liesoiulere Subspecies darstelit. Ein 9,
das im Berliner Zoologischeu Garten lebt, wird iin Winter immer grau, wilhrend
Rothschild's " M. ruftis dissimulatus " nacli einiger Zeit mehr oder weniger
rot wnrde.
Die drei Formen lasseu sich folgendermassen unterscheiden :
«! Oberseite hellblangrau oder stnrapf rot ... M. r. ritf/(.s.
a., Oberseite ganz hell rot, hOehstens mit bliiulichem Schimmer. Behaarnng
sehr kurz M. /: pallidus.
(*3 Oberseite sehr reich rot oder dnnkelblaiigran, Behaarnng langer nnd
viel ziirter als liei a, uud «, ... . M. r. occidentalis.
Macropus rufus rufus (Desm.).
MaiTopus rufus Thos., Cat. Mars. Mon. Brit. Mus. p. 25 (1888).
Macrnjius {Boriorjah) iiiagnus Owen, Phil. Trans. 1874, p. 247 ; Thos. I.e., p. 27 (1888).
Macropus rufus dissi ninlatus Rothsch., Nor. Zool. xii. p. 508 (1905).
Macrnjms rufus dissininlator Lyd., Zoo/. Record xlii. p. 47 (1905).
Behaarnng kurz, in der Mitte stehend zwischen M. r. jjallidits nnd occideutalis.
Gesichtszeichnung dentlich.
Zwei Phasen, eine hell blangraue nnd eino rote.
Oberseite mattrot, matter als bei M. r. occidentalis, lebhafter als bei pallidus,
oder hell blangrau. Unterseite weiss mit schwach rotlichem Schimmer. Gesichts-
zeichnung ans einem weissen Strich, vom Mundwinkel in der Richtnng znm Auge
lanfend nnd oberseits von einem schwarzen Fleck begrenzt, bestehend. Oberlippe
weiss. Wangen mattgrau ; Nasenriicken rotlich. Ohren aussen grau, innen weiss.
Armo und Beine hell braunlich, dunkler nach den Pfoten, resp. Zehen werdend;
diese selbst braunschwarz. Schwanz weisslich mit etwas rotem Schimmer ; an der
Basis wie der Riicken.
? Kleiner als 3 ; sonst ebcnso.
Ilab. Ost- nnd Zentralaustralien.
Von dieser Form liegen mir .5 Exemplare von Alexandria, Northern Territory,
vor, darnnter zwei erwachsene <?, von deneu eins die rote, das andre die blangraue
Phase rejiriisentiert. Letzeres unterscheidet sich dnrch nichts von dem Typus von
M. rufus dissimulatus. Die rote Phase steht in der Farbe etwa in der Mitte
zwischen den beiden westanstralischen Formen.
Macropus rufus pallidus snlisj). nov.
.Macropus rufus Thos., Nor. Zool. xi. p. ,3lJ5 (1904).
Behaarnng sehr kurz ; Gesichtszeichnung undeutlich. Kleiner als die
ostanstralische nnd siidwestanstralische Form. Haare auf der Hinterseite der
Ohren liingor als bei der typischen Form, etwas borstig. Farbe sehr hell.
<J. Oberseite hell rotlich isabell ; Unterseite mattrOtlichweiss. Kopf etwas
heller als Riicken. Gesichtszeichnung sehr nndentlich ; Wangen mattgrau. Ohreu
hinten ; an der Basis rein weiss, nach der S])itze zn rotlich, innen spiirlich weiss
behaart. Arnie hell briinnlich, Pfoten liruim ; Oberschenkd weisslich, Unter-
( »o )
schenkel utwas riiMicli, Zelu'ii lirauiiscliwarz. Sehwanz ctwas matter als der
Hiickeii, eiuf'arbig bis ziir Hpitze.
? kleiuer, iiuch heller als das cJ, besondurs au den Seiteii uiid iiii Nacken.
Bisweileu mit ganz schwachem blilulicbgrauem Schiincuer.
Dieses Kiliigurali ist leicbt durcli seine anfTallend blasse Farbe iind die kurze
Behaaning zu erkemieii. Die Gesichtszeichiiiiiig ist selir muleiitlii-h, uiul die Farbe
der Gliedmasseii ist nicht so scharf vou dor allgemeiueu Kiirperfarbe abgesetzt,
wie das besoiiders bei J/, r. occidentalis aiisgepnigt ist.
Hub. N.W. Aiistralien ; " Niirdliclier Distrikt," Westaustralien.
Ti/pu»: B. M. 4. 1. ~;. 3. S ad., I. T. Tuiiiiey coll., Shaw River, am 29. 8. 01.
Muassf des Tyiius : Rnmpflange 13'^') luuj ; iSchwauz S'o ; Jliuterfuss 375;
Olir 17."). (Iru Fleisch gemessen.)
Macropus rufus occidentalis ('ahn.
Cahn, Zuol. Beoh. xlvii. p. 881 (I'.KIC) und xlviii. p. :! ^l'.lOT).
Manojms rufus Thos., I'.Z.S. 1900. p. 474 und 7t;8.
Macropus magiiuK Rotbscb., Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 14 (I'JOT).
Behaarnng sehr dicht, zart nnd wollig, lilnger und dichter als bei der iistlichen
Form. Ohren sehr lang. Bhinarinm nackt, f/ra/^//^/;///. Ein Haarwirbel iru Nacken.
Oberseite tief rot, viel reicher als Viei den andern Formen ; Kopf etwas matter,
Waugen bisweilen gran. Die Gesichtszeichnnng bestelit wie bei rnfiis ans zwei
weissen Streifen die einen sehwarzen einsohliessen ; der nntere weisse Streifen
setzt sieh, wenn anch wesentlich matter, in der Richtnng nach dem Ange zu
fort. Ohrhinterseite an der Basis gewiihnlieh weisslich, nach der Sjiitze zn rait
kurzen gelblichen und dnnkelgrancn ^Hiiiirchen spitrlich besetzt, Innenseite mit
langen rein weissen Haaren. Mitto des Kinns rein weiss, scbarf abgesetzt von
den dnnkeln Wangen. Das Weiss setzt sich oft jederseits in ein scharf deiiniertes
Band nach dem Ohr zu fort. Unterseite sonst nur wenig matter als die Oberseite;
Hiuterbauch und ein Streifen iiber die Brust (vim Arm zu Arm) mehr oder weniger
weiss. Unterarme gelblich, scharf von den roten Oberarraea abgesetzt ; Pfoten
schwarz. Beine hell rotlichgelb ; Zehen schwarz. Sehwanz gelbrOtlicli mit einera
sehiefergrauen Blacken in der basalen Hiilfte.
Hub. West-Australien siidlicli v(ira Mnrehison River. Der Typus stammt aus
dem Mnrchison Distrikt. Im British Museum betiudet sich eine gauze Serie aus
dem Gebiete, siidlich des Swan River (Balston Collection, vrgl. Thomas I.e.).
Die Originalbeschreibung legt besonderes Gewicht anf die weisse Ohrbasis und
die Tatsache, dass die Weibchen rot sind. Beides siud recht variable Charaktere.
Es kommen grane ? nnd gelegentlich anch graue <J vor. Wirklich charakteristisch
ist die dichte zarte Behaarnng und die rciche, rote Farbe.
Macropus giganteus.
Ein grosses Kiinguruh vou schlankem Bau, mit sehr langen Hinterbeinen.
Mittlere Kralle des Hinterfusses sehr lang, Krallen der Finger ziemlich lang,
flach, vorn abgernndet.
In der Mitte des Riickens ein Ilaarwirbel (die Haare des Nackens nnd
Vorderriickens mehr oder weniger nach vorn gerichtet). Die Stirnhaare nach
( 91 )
vorn, die des Naseuriickens iiach hinten gerichtet (ahnlich bei robuslus). Behaarung
der Kiirperseiten langer als die der Riickenraitte. Scliwauz miissig lang behaart,
nach der Spitze zn dunkler werdend. Behaainng dcs Gesicbts kurz mid anliegeiid,
nicht borstig. Rbinariam ganz bebaart.
? kleiner als 3 , sonst ganz gleieb.
Schadel : Die Gesicbtspartie ist im Vergleich zur Gebirnkapsel lang. Die
NasenliOhle ist, seitlich erweitert ; die Scbnanze verjiingt sicb nacb vorn. Die
Nasalia sind lang nnd scbmal, in der Mitte etwas eingesebuiirt und breit am
hinteren Ende. Die Interorbitalregion ist stark konvex ; der obere Rand der
Augenb(ihle ist rnnd ; ein Proc. postorbitalis feblt ; dagegen fiudet sicb an seiner
Stelle an der medialen Wand der Angenboble ein senkrecbter Wulst, der iibnlicb,
wenn ancb weit scbwiicber, sicb bei M. anf/lopi/uis findet, nnd sicb als Protnberaiitia
postorbitalis bezeicbnen liisst. Der Jocbbogeu iihnelt dem der Kiingnrabs der
7-obusius-GTa,])\>e ; er ist jedocb scbmiiler und seine obere Begreuzung ist weniger
konvex. Der Proc. infrazygomaticiis ist lang nnd scbmal. Die Offnnng des
Trilnenkanals liegt ganz im Lacrimale. Die Pars horizontalis des Gaumenbeins
hat ziemlicb viele Locher und steht in dieser Beziebung in der Mitte zwiscben
M. robustus nnd rnfus. Die eigentlicbeu Foramina palatina liegen ganz in der
Pars borizontalis ; ausserdem finden sicb gewobnlich vor ibnen, in der Maxilla,
zwei mebr oder weniger grosse Locher. Der vordere Gaumen ist sehr lang nnd
scbmal, seine geringste Breite geht etwa 3imal in die Lilnge des Diastemas ; seine
seitlichen Rilnder sind, obwobl abgernndet, wobldefiniert. Die Praemaxilla reicht
hinten nnr etwa bis zu einem Drittel der Nasalia. Der Proc. paroccipitalis ist
scbmal nnd sehr lang. Die Profillinie ist iibnlicb der von M. ruftis, steigt hinten
jedocb steiler an and ist im vorderen Teil gerader.
Unterkiefer : Corpus lang und gedrnngen. Ramus ziemlicb breit; er bildet
mit dem ( 'or])Us einen etwas stnmpfen Winkel. Der Condjlns ist konkav. Der
Proc. coronoideus ist gedrungen, oben scharf umgebogen und zngespitzt.
Zahne :
Oberkiefer : Schneidezahne kurz in vertikaler, lang in horizontaler Richtung,
mit scbriig eingesetzter Wurzel ; hocb hinanf mit Schmelz ilberzogen. Wnrzeln
der beiden I, weit von einander entfernt. I, mit einer Vertikalrille in der Mitte ;
Fj mit zentraler Kerbe ; I3 mebr als doppelt so lang (horizontal) als der recbt
lange Ij, mit zwei Kerben in der vorderen und ein bis zwui Vertikalrillen in der
hinteren Hiilfte Pj mindestens so lang wie der Secator, sehr breit, sandnhrfiirmig.
Secator sehr klein, hinten breiter als vorn ; er filllt gewobnlich selir friih ans.
Molaren mit breiten vorderen Qnerleisten (mit Liingsbriicke) und bohen Liings-
briicken.
Unterkiefer: I, lang nnd seitlich stark komprimiert ohne mediale Kante.
Secator noch kleiner als im Oberkiefer. Muhiren mit bohen Liings- und
Qnerleisten.
? kleiner nnd schmiiler.
Das Riesenkiingnruh findet sicb in den Kiistendistrikten ganz Anstralien
ausser dem ilnssersten Norden und dem Westen u<irdlich des Murchisou Distrikts.
Es kommt in N. Queensland vor, wo Af. r/ifi/a feblt. Im Osten ist es jetzt in
das Iniiere gedriingt und schon stark dezimiert. Es lassen sicb vier wolildefinierte
Lokallbrmen nach aussereu (Uiarakteren (nicbt nacb dem Schildel) unterscbeiden,
von denen eine {/uliginostis) Tasmanien bewobnt, wiihrend rair die Verbreitnng von
M. (J. mrlainijis noch recbt nnklar ist.
( 92 )
A. Oliren an tier Basis heller als an der Spitze; Behaarniii,' niclit wollig.
a. Behaarmig zart, kiir/, ; Sclnvanzunterseite kaiim heller als die
Oberseite ...... ^farr. giyaittetis qigantem.
b. Behaarnug ranh, lang ; Schwanznnterseite viel heller nnd scharf
abgesetzt vou der Oberseite . . . . .J/, g. /idiginosus.
Ji. Ohren an der Basis dniikler als an der Spitze, Behaarnng wollig.
c. Behaamng knrz ; llaare der Gliedmasseu borstig ; Hande nicht
dnnkler als Ariue ; CHiren ansseii sehr hell, inneii lang reinweiss
behaart . . . . . . . . J/. </. ocytlronms.
(I. Behaarnng lang nnd sehr dunkel ; Ohven hinten nur hell ge-
spreakelt; Haare der Gliedmassen nicht borstig ; Hiinde dnnkler als
Arme ^1- 9- melanops.
Macropus giganteus giganteus (Ziiura.).
Mua: ijUjanleus tijpiciis Thos., Cut. Mars. A[nn. Brit. .!/«.<. p. Iti (1888).
Behaarnng knrz, sehr zart uud fein, aber nicht wollig. Ohren sehr lang
(liinger als bei ocydromus). Behaarnng der Ohren anssen nicht borstig uad innen
bei Weitem nicht so dicht wie bei ocijch-omus. Behaarnng der Unterseite sehr
knrz uud spiirlich.
Oberseite gelblich branngian, am dnnkelsten in der Mittellinie, nach den
Seiten zu heller. Kopf gelblich gran. Ohrbasis wie der Kopf, Hinterseite znm
grossten Teil einfarbig brann. Augen dunkel eingefasst ; ein dnnkler Mnndwinkel-
fleck. Wangen weisslieh. Arme hell gelbgrau, Pfoten liell granbhinnlich ; Beine
gelblich, Zehen hell granbriinnlieh. Schwanzhaare an der Basis gelb nnd brauu
geringelt nnd nur ein verhiiltuissmiissig kleines Stiick an der Schwauzspitze
schwarz. Unterseite des KOrpers briiunlich weiss, am dnnkelsten am oberen Teil
der Brust, am hellsten ganz hinten.
Hub. Ostanstralien, das Kiistengebiet und die grossen Ebeneu vou Nen-
Siid-Wales.
Macropus giganteus fuliginosus (Desm.).
Kangurns fiiUginosns Desm., .Y. IJiil. tVU.N. (2) xvii. p. 'Mi tab. xxii. fig. 1 (1817).
AfacriijiK.i ijigtiiiteus fdl'uiiniisiis Thos. Cat. Mars. Mmi. Brit. Af».s. p. 19 (1888); Cahn, Zoo/. Beoh.
xlviii.'p. 2(1907).
Behaarnng ziemlich lang, dicht nnd ranh. Ein Haarwirbel anf dem Riicken.
Haare der Gliedmassen nicht borstig.
Oberseite rauchgrau ; Korperseiten etwas heller ; am Kiun ein nndentlicher
dnnkler Fleck. Unterseite und Innenseite der Gliedmassen gelblich weiss.
Scheitel, SHrn, Nasenriicken und Schlill'en etwas heller gran als der Riicken ;
AVangcn mattbriiunlieh. Ohrbasis wie Scheitel, Ohrhinterseite dicht niit milssig
langen dnnkel granbraonen llaaren, Innenseite dicht weisslieh behaart. Arme hell
gran, dnnkler nach den Pfoten zn, die iiussersten Spitzen der Finger dnnkel
graubraun. Beine etwas heller als Arme, Zehen dunkel graubranu. Schwanzober-
seite an der Basis iihnliih dem Riicken, jedoch grauer nnd stark gesprenkelt, Spitze
schwarz ; Unterseite des Schwanzes scharf abgesetzt fahl gelblich bis znr Spitze.
Ilab. Tasmanien.
Dieses Kiingnruh stelit wohl M. (//'(/(iiitfii.'i am niichsten, vou dem es sofort
dnrch die dichtere, liingere, rauhere Behaarnng und mehr grane Kiiriierfarbe zu
unterscheiden ist.
( "3 )
Macropus giganteus melanops (Gould).
Marrnjms melanops Gould, P.Z..S. 1842. p. lU.
Mai:r. rjiijanteiiit mehumps Thos., Cal. ^/al^s. Mon. Brit. Mns. p. 20 (1888).
Behaaruug dicht, lang, wollig. Kein Haarwirbel im Nacken. Ohrt'ii kilrzer
als bei J/ giganteus.
Oberseite duiikel briinnlicli rassfarbeii, die Haarc bisweileii mit etwas btdlerer
Spitze. Am Kiiiu eiii dimkler Fleck. Haare an Kehle, Biiist uiid Unterariuon,
sowie Innenseite der Oberarme an der Basis russfarbig iiiit weisslicher Spitze,
sodass eiti eigentiimlich nndentlich gesprenkelter Ge.samteindruck entsteht. Scheitel
uud Ohrbasis etwas dniikler als lliicken ; Ohrhiiiterseite dunkelrnssfarbeii mehr
oder weniger mit weiss gemisclit ; Innenseite zieralich spiirlich weisslich beliaart.
Stirn etwas heller als Scheitel ; Nasenriicken schwiirzlicli russf'arben ; Wangen
hellbrann, heller nm die Angen. Der dunkkle Nasenriicken scharf von der Farbe
der Wangen abgesetzt. Oberarme wie Riicken ; Hiinde schwiirzlicli. Beine
gelblich Lellgrau ; Zehen schwiirzlicli. Schwanzbasis dunkel wie Riicken, Sjiitze
schwarz. Korperseiten iiriiunlich ; Unterseite matter.
Hah. Der Typus dieser Form soil von Port Essington gekommen seiu, doch
kommt dorfc M. giganteus iiberhanpt nicht vor ; die Angabe beruht also sicher
anf einem Irrtnm. Merkwiirdigerweise liegt mir niclit ein einziges Exemplar
mit genanem Fnndort vor. Doch tinde ich bei Lucas und Le Souef * (p. 90) eiue
kurze Bemerkung : " It is found in the Mallee (dwarf Eucalypti) country of
Southern Australia," und das scheint mir das Richtige zu treffen. Dass es mit
M. giganteus dieselben Gegenden bewohne, halte ich ftir ausgeschlossen (vgl.
Thomas, " Catalogue of Marsupials ").
Auch ob es kleiuer ist als M. giganteus wie Thomas annimmt, kann ich nicht
sagen ; alle mir vorliegenden Stiicke sind nicht erwachsen.
M. g. melanops steht wohl dem westanstralischen Macr. g. oc/flromus am
niichsten. Es unterscheidet sich durch mehr branne Grundfarbe, den aus-
gesprochen dnnklen Nasenriicken, die dnnklen Hiinde und nicht borstigen Arme,
vielleicht auch durch geringere Grtisse. Die Ohrhinterseite obwohl auch mit weiss
gemischt ist viel dunkler als bei M. g. ocgdromus.
Macropus giganteus ocydromus (Gould).
Mam: nri/dromus Gould, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) x. p. 1 (1842).
Macr. r/iganteiis Thos., Cat. Mars. Mon. Brit. Mns. p. 17 u. 18 (1888) ; id. P.Z.S. 100(3 p. 474
und p. 767.
Macr. giganteus ocgdromus Cahii, Ziml. Beob. 1907 p. 2.
Behaarnng kurz, dicht, sehr fein, zart und wollig. Ohren kiirzer als bei der
typischen Form. Haare der Ohrhinterseite und der Arme hart und borstig.
Oberseite einfarbig heller oder dunkler russfarbig. Am Kinn ein grosser
dunkler Fleck. Kehle, Brnst nnd Innenseite der Arme und Beine weiss. Scheitel
wie Riicken, Ohrbasis und Nasenriicken dunkler. Hinterseite der Ohren weiss
mit wenig dunkel gemischt ; Innenseite mit sehr langen weisseu Haaren dicht
besetzt. Wangen hell briiunlich russftirben. Haare der Arme weisslich rait
schmalen braunen Bindeu ; Pfoten nicht dunkler als die Arme ; an der Basis der
Krallen ein Saum von langen schwarzen Borsten. Beine weisslich mit weni<'en
• Lucas und Le Souef : The Animals of .iustralia, Melbourne, 1909.
( 94 )
brannen Haaren eingesfrcnt ; Zebeii iluiikelbraun, Scbwanz dnnkler als der
Kcirper, seine Spitze schwarz ; Scliwauzseiten mit liell gemiseht.
Hab. Siid-West-Australieii ; die Kiisteiiregion ; im Inueni fiiulet sich Macr.
riifus occidentalis, dass ancli weiter luirdlich noch vorkommt nnd teilweise das
gleiche Gebiet bewobnt wie ^1/. robustus ccrviims. W'iihreud aber das lvotkaiii;urnli
die Ebene bewolint, lebt das letzere iu hiigeligetn oder gebiigigem Terrain.
Macropus giganteiis nrydromus ist ansgezeichnet vor allem dnrch die anssen
hellen, gesprenkelten nnd innen lang, weiss behaarten Ohren nnd die hellen
Gliedmassen, die in anft'allendem Gegensatz zu dem dunklen KOrper mit seiner
weichen, zarfen Behaarung stehen.
Macropus antilopinus (Gonld).
Mm;: aniihphi'is Thos., Cat. .1/ars-. .Uoii. Brit. Mux. p. 21 (1888) ; id, A'r-c. Z;nl. xi. p. 224 (19U4) ;
Collett, P.Z.S. 1897 p. 323 ; Cahn, Zool. Beuh. xlviii. p. 2 (1907).
Korperban gedrnngen ; Hinterbeine verhiiltnissmiissig kurz. Rhinariuin gross,
nackt, mit mittlerer Ansbnchtnng (Unterschied gegen .1/. robusti/s), Behaarnng
knrz, spiirlicb, ranb, fast ganz ohne UnterwoUe. Gesicht verbiiltnissmiissig
langhaarig, etwas borstig erscbeinend (besonders ? ). Obren karz, anssen und
innen dicbt mit miissig langen Haaren besetzt. Mittelkralle des Hinterfusses knrz
nnd fast ganz unter den langen Haaren an ihrer Basis vcrborgen. Krallen der
Finger sebr lang, gebogen, seitlicb stark komprimiert, mit scbarfer Spitze. ? viel
kleiner als 5, abweicbend gefiirbt, langbaariger nnd mit etwas anderem Scbiidel.
(J. Oberseite lebbaft bell rostrot, iibulich M. rob. u'oodicair/i, aber etwas
dnnkler, mebrbriianlieb angebancbt. Die Basis der Haare ist weiss, so dass Nacken
nnd besonders KOrperseiten stark mit weiss gemischt erscbeineu. Unterseite weiss,
am Kinn ein gelblicbgrauer Fleck. Scbeitel iibnlich dem Kiickeu, etwas
lebbafter gefiirbt and obne die weisse Beimischnng. Obren hinten von der
Farbe des Scbeitels, weisslicb an der Spitze ; innen weisslicb. Wangen ganz hell
riitlicb ; Nasenriii'ken scbmntzig rcitlicbgelb ; Jlnndwiiikel gelblicb. tiliedmassen
gelblich weiss, anssen etwas mebr nitlicb. Hiinde braungelb, Finger schwarzbrann ;
Zeben schwarzbrann; Schwanz gelblicb, mit einer bellrotlicben Liingsbinde oben.
9. In der Farbe nach der Jahreszeit scbeinbar wecbselnd. Oberseite im
"Sommer" (Mai — Oktober) mattgelbrOtlicb, gran im Nacken, im "Winter"
ascbgrau. Haare der Unterseite iu der Mittellinie mit graner, nach den Seiten zn
mit mattrotlicher Basis und weisser Spitze. Scbeitel immer dnnkel branugrau,
ebenso basale Hiilfte der Ohren binten ; Spitze und Innenseite weiss. Stirn nnd
Nasenriicken gran nnd weiss gesprenkelt; Wangen weiss. Arme bell gelblicb gran.
Finger liellbrann ; Beine weiss, Zebeii dnnkel scliwarzgran.
Sch'adel : Ein kurzer, breiter Scbiidel. Die Gesicbtspartie ist im \'crgleicli
zur Gebirnkapsel ansscrordentlich kurz. Die NasenbOhle ist seitlicb anffallend
stark erweitert. Die Nasalia sind kurz nnd sebr breit, verjiingen sicb nacb vorn
nnd sind in der Mitte stark eingescbniirt. Die Interorbitalregion ist vorn etwas
gewulbt, im binteren Teil aber Tief eingesnnken. Der obere Rand der AngenbOhle
ist scbari'kantig. Ein Proc. postorbitalis felilt, dagegen findet an der mcdialen
Wand der AugenhOble, eine seukrecbte Protnberanz, iihnlicb, wenn aucb scbwiicber,
wie bei M. ijigantexK. Der Jocbbogen ist sebr breit, nnd hat seinen iKicbsten
Pnnkt fast am hinteren Ansatz. Der Proc. infrazygomaticns ist lang, breit, sehr
stark gedreht nnd nacb anssen abstehend. Die Offunng des Triinenkanals wird
( 95 )
vorn von der Maxilla begrenzt. Der Proc. paroccipitalis ist lang nnd schmal.
Die Pars horizontalis des Ganmenbeiiis ist wie bei M. rohnstiis sehr vollstiiiidig.
Der vordere (ianmeubeins ist sehr kiird mid breit, seine geringste Breite geht nnr
etwa liinal in die Lilnge des Diastemas; seine seitliclien Riinder sind abgerundet.
Uuterkiefer : Kurz und gedrungen. Uamns sehr breit; Proc. coronoideus breit,
rnit nur wenig nach hinten gebogenem und abgerundetera oberen Ende.
Zahne :
Oberkiefer: Schneidezahne knrz und senkrecht eingesetzt. I, glatt, mit
breiter Wurzel. L klein mit Vertikalrille etwas vor der Mitte. I3 laug, dreimal
so lang wie i.,, mit eiuer Kerbe im vorderen und gewiibnlicli einer undeutlichen
Vertikalrille im liinteren Drittel. Secator gross, lang, oval, mit scharf'er Schneide.
Molaren genau wie bei .1/. giganteus, mit woblentwickelter vorderen Querleiste
(mit Liingsbriicke).
TTnterkiefer : I, kurz und dick, mit Horizontalrille am oberen liande.
Secator gross, sanduhrfOrmig. Molaren wie bei giganteus.
?. Nasenhnhle weniger erweitert ; Nasalia mit fast geraden seitlichen Riindern.
Das Antilopenkangnrub bat uur einen sehr kleinen Verbreitungsbezirk :
Aruhem Land, Northern Territory.
Das <J erscheint anf den ersten Blick M. rob. wood tea rdi iibnlicb. Es zeigt
jedoch eine aufFallende weisse Beimischnug, besonders an der Korpcrseiten und
ist im Ganzen etwas dnnkler. Das llhinarium ist dreilappig. Der Schadel ist
besonders charakterisiert dnrch die enorme Erweiterung der Nasenhohle, den
breiten vorderen Gaumen, den geringen Fiicialindex und die wobldefinierte
Langsbriicke anf der vorderen Qnerleiste der Molaren.
Macropus robustus.
Korperbau gedrungen ; Hinterbeine viel kiirzer als bei M. riijns und giganteus.
Rbiuarium gross, nackt, ohne mittlere Ausbuchtnng. Ohren aussen bei
einigen Fi>rmen mehr oder weniger nackt, bei anderu dicht behaart. Mittelkralle
des Hinterfusses kurz und oft ganz unter den langen Haaren an ihrer Basis
verborgen. Krallen der Finger miissig lang, kaum gebogen und vorn abgernndet.
? immer viel kleiner und langhaariger und in der Regel wesentlich anders gefitrbt
als S.
Schadel: Die Nasalia sind kurz und breit; die Interorbital region ist niclit
konvex, sondern in der Regel eingesunken ; der obere Rand der Augenhiihle ist
scharfkantig und wohldefiniert. Ein Proc. postorbitalis fehlt, biswoilen findet
sich an seiner Stelle eine kleine Unebenheit. Die mediale Wand der Augcnbiihle
ist glatt. Der Jocbbogen ist sehr breit und hat seinen hOchsten Punkt ganz
hinten, fast tiber dem Ansatz. Die Foramina incisiva sind kurz oder miissig lang.
Die Pars horizontalis des (ianmenbeins ist sehr vollstiiudig und hat ausser den
beiden Foramina i>alaLiua uur wenige ganz kleine Locher. Der vordere Teil des
Gaumens ist seitlich wohldefiniert ; er ist entweder breit, dann ist die Nasenhohle
seitlich nicht erweitert oder schmal, dann ist die Nasenhohle seitlich erweitert.
Intertemporalbreite sehr gering.
TTnterkiefer: Recht variabel aber in den einzelnen Formen sehr konstant.
Im Allgemeinen gedrungen. Proc. coronoideus oben abgerundet.
Zahne :
Oberkiefer: Schneidezahne kurz und in der Regel senkrechter eingesetzt als
(96)
bei il. qi<iante»s. I, stark (oft ciiiwaits) _a:el)ogeii. I, gewubnlicb laiig, Iiei
jnngeu Tieren uiit sehr starker, bin alteii fast oliiie mittlere Kcrbe. P3 sclimal,
mit Schneide, iu der Mitte eiiigeschniirl. Secator gross nnd breit, hinten wcnig
breiter als vorii. Molareu mit schmaler aber wolil entwickelter vorderen Querleiste,
die bisweilen (tiiclit iiuraer) eine gewclhnlich undeiitliche Liingsbriicke triigt und
sich gcnio abrcibt, wic hn .\f. ntfus.
Unterkiefer : I, kiir/, mid ge<lrniig(ni, gewdhulicli mit mcdialcr Kaiitc. P3
niid Hecatnr schmiiier als im Oberkiefer. Molaren mit lidlieii (^'iier- mid
Liiagsleisteu.
Das Bergkangiirnh bewohnt die gebirgigen Teilo gaiiz Australieiis mit
alleiiiiger Ausuabme des iiussersteu Siidwestens, siUllicli vom MurchisoQ River.
Es bildet eine grosse Anzalil sehr scharf detiiiierter und auch durch den Schildel
uuterscheidbarer Lokalformeu, die alle, abgesehen von der znerst bekannten
Form, dem " BUick Wallaroo," Nen-Siid-Wales' und Siid-Quceuslands, mehr oder
weniger rot sind. Eine Form (J/, rob. isaheUinus) lebt aiif eiuer Iiisel nnd hat sich
dort zu ciiier Zwergforra entwickelt, die sehr weit von dem allgemeinen Tyjins
abweicht.
Am uiichsten ist .1/. rohustus mit dem ebcufalls gebirgsbewohneuden M.
nntHopiniiti verwandt, wiilirend Rothschild's interessautes J/, hagenbecki gewisse
Charaktere, die sich bei M. robustus und rufus findeii, vereint.
Die verschiedenen Formen sind folgeudermassen zu nnterscheiden :
Nach Schadelcharakteren : (fiir das erwachsene (J aufgestellt)
17, Basrtlliinge unter 145 mm M. r. isahdlimis.
a., Basalliinge iiber loll mm.
bi Seitliche Riinder der Nasalia gerade oder fast so.
fi Vordeier Teil des Gaamens schmal. Proc. coronoideus schmal. Foramina
incisiva knrz. Facialindex hoch ^f. r. ernbi'sccns.
Ci Vorderer Teil des Gaumens sehr breit, sich nach vorn verjiiugeud. Proc.
coronoideus gedrungener, oben mehr abgernndet. Foramina incisiva
reichen hinten bis zur Naht. Facialinde.x gering . . . M. r. reginae.
bi Seitliche Riinder der Nasalia gekriimmt.
r/, Vorderes Ende der Nasalia in eine lange Spitze ansgezogen (Spitze
liluger als die " vordere Breite" der Nasalia betriigt).
Ci I3 lang, Proc. coronoideus gedrungen . . . M. r. robustns.
Bi I3 gewohnlich knrz, Proc. coronoideus schlank . . M. r. cervinus.
f4 vordere Spitze der Nasalia knrz (klirzer als die " vordere Breite ")
/, Nasenhohle seitlich stark erweitert ; Gaumen vorn schmal.
M. r. nibeits.
_/2 Nasenhohle seitlich nicht erweitert ; Gaumen vorn breit.
q^ Proc. coronoideus hinten ziemlich sjiitz ; Facialinde.x iiber :,'(iO.
M. r. aleiandr'me.
(jn Proc. coronoidens hinten sehr stumpf. Facialinde.x unter 260.
//, Hinterrand des Proc. coronoideus fast gerade, Nasalia von rechts
nach links stark konvex .... .1/. ;■. woodwnrdi.
Il, Hinterrand des Proc. coronoideus stark konkav, das Ende selbst
ist sehr breit. Nasalia nicht konvex . . M. 1: alligatoris.
bs Seitliche Riinder der Nasalia mit einem Knick nahe dem Hinterende.
Jochbogenweite sehr gering. Ganmen vorn schmal, Proc. coronoideus schmal
und oben scharf nach hinten umgebogen .... M. r. argeittatus.-
( 07 )
Ifach ansseren Charakteren :
(7, Klein, Hinterfuss iles o nnter 250 mm. cj imd ? uicht selir verschietlen ;
Gesicht rot ; Ohreti hinten ziemlich dnnkcl .... M. r. imhcllinus.
a^ Gross ; Hinterfuss ilber 2.50 mm.
hi (J russfarlien, ? ascligrau M. r. robust us.
h.. Melir oder weniger rot.
e, Ohren hiuten scliwarz oder gran.
di Rhinarinm hell eingefasst ; Oberseite weinrotlich (Haare des Riickens
mit scliiefergraner Spitze) ; Arme stark mit scliwarz gemischt, Hiinde
kaum dunkler als Arme M. r. reqinae.
<l, Rhinarinm schmal dnnkelbrann eingefasst ; Oberseite gelblich weinrot
(Riickenhaare mit dnnkelbraniier oder schwarzer Spitze) ; Hiinde viel
dunkler als Arme M. r. embescens.
f/3 Inneuseite der Obersehenkel helm S fast schwarz, beim 9 etwas dunkler
als die Umgebnng. Hinterseite der Uhren beim ? holzbrann
M. r. argcntafus.
c, Ohren hinten etwa von der Farbe des Kopfes.
(', Behaarung kurz nnd rauh.
i(J lebhaft hell rostrot ; keine Spnr einer dnnklen Beiraischnng.
? etwas langhaariger, mit grauem Gesicht nnd hellen Fingern
M. r. woodwardi.
f, Farbe matt " fawn "; Riickenhaare teilweise mit dunkler Spitze
M. r. alUgaforis.
('3 Behaarung lang und zart.
^1 Haare sehr lang (ca. 3 cm.) ; S tief rostbrann ; ? matter, mit
granem Gesicht .1/. 1: cvrrinus.
g., Haare kiirzer (ca. 2 cm.) ; S matt rostbrann ; $ hollgefiirbt, mit
nitlich weissem Gesicht M. r. rubens.
h, Anssere Charaktere unbekannt M. 1: alcxandriae.
Macropus robustus robustus Gould.
Macrnpus rohiislus Thos., Cal. Marx. .][,m. Brit. .Viix. p. 22 (1888).
Behaarung dicht, rauh und ziemlich lang. Riickenhaare alle nach hinten
gerichtet. Kein Haarwirbel im Nacken.
<S . Dnukel rnssfarbig sind Riicken, basaler Teil des Schwanzes, Aussenseite
der Gliedmassen, Hinterseite der Ohren und Nasenriicken ; Nacken, Kurperseiten,
Wangen etwas matter. Am Kinn ein dunkler Fleck. Finger, Zehen, distaler
Teil des Schwanzes schwarz. Unterseite und Innenscite der Gliedmassen gran-
gelblich, an der I'rust weisslich. Mnndwinkel weisslich ; Ohren innen dicht
weisslich behaart.
?. Farbenverteilnng iihnlich dem <J, heller; Oberseite, Kopf, Hinterseite der
Ohren aschgran. Wangen, Mnndwinkel, Gliedmassen und Unterseite schmutzig
Weiss. Finger nnd Zehen schwiirzlich russfarbeu. Am Kinn ein russfarbener
Fleck. Schwanz fahl gelblichgran, iiusserste Spitze oben rnssfiirben.
Schadel: Die Gesichtsparfie ist miissig lang im Vergleich zur (iehirnkapsel.
Die Nasenhohle ist seitlich etwas gewolbt. Die Nasalia sind Jiinten sehr breit,
verjiingen sich nach vorn, sind in der Mitte eingesehniirt und lanfcn in eine lange
Sjiitze aus. Der I'roc, inl'razjgomaticns ist knrz und breit. Die Offnung des
7
(98)
Tranenkanals liegt gaiiz im Lacriinale, jedoch gaiiz vorn, fast an der Nabt. Die
Foramiua iucisiva sind kurz. Der vordere Gaumen ist breit ; seine geringste Breite
geht etwa zweimal in die Liinge des Diastemas. Die Profillinie des Scbiidels ist
eine gleichmiissig konvexe Knrve, deren hiichster Piinkt ctwa iiber der Mitte des
Proc. zygomaticns des Scbliifenbeins liegt.
TTnterkiefer : Breit und gedriingen ; Ramus nnd Corpus bilden einen miissig
stumjifen Winkel ; Condylus scbwach konvex. Proc. coronoideiis breit, oben kanm
umgebogen und abgernndet.
Z&hne : I3 lang mit uudentlicher Kerbe.
Hab. Nen-Siid-Wales und Siid-Qneensland. Der Schadel ist dem von M. r.
cei-vinus etwas abulich. Er nnterscbeidet sich durch die Form des vorderen
Gaumens, des I3 und des Proc. coronoideus de.s Unterkiefers.
Macropus robustus cervinus Tbos.
Thos., r.Z.S. 1900 p. 113 ; id., Nov. Zool. 1901 p. 39.5.
Macropus cervinus Cahn, Zool. Beob. xlviii. p. 2 (1907).
Behaarnng lang und weich. Ruckenhaare alle nach hinten gerichtet ; kein
Wirbel im Nacken. Ohren lang und breit.
<J. Ganze Oberseite und Scheitel tief dunkel rostrot ; Waugen, Korperseiten
und Oberscbenkel etwas heller. Augen weisslich eingefasst ; Naseuriicken
schwiirzlicb braun ; Mnndwinkel weiss. Ohren hinten (spiirlich behaart) etwas
dunkler als Scheitel, innen mit langen, rein weissen Haaren. Stirn und Waugen
gelbrOtlich ; Rhinarium schwarzbraun eingefasst. Arme hell gelbrOtlich ; Hand-
wnrzel dnukelgraubraun ; Finger schwarzbraun. Unterschenkel gelblichgrau,
allmahlich in das Schwarzbraun der Zeheu ubergehend. Unterseite des Korpers
weiss ; Haare mit rOtlicher Basis.
(J kleiner ; Oberseite mattrotlich isabell ; Haare an der Basis lebhaft gelbrot
mit dunkelbrauner Spitze. Korperseiten heller (Haare ohne dunkle Spitze).
Naseuriicken dunkelbraun, weiss pnnktiert. Wangenhaare an der Basis dunkel-
grau, obcre Hiilfte weiss (so dass eiu grauer Ton im Gesicht entsteht). Kinn,
Kehle und iibrige Unterseite weiss ; Haare mit rotlicher Basis. Gliedmassen
etwas heller als beim S. Sonst wie <?.
Die Jungen beiderlei Geschlechts sind lebhafter gefiirbt, das S etwa hell
kastanienrot.
Schadel: Die Gesichtspartie ist ein Vergleich zur Gehirnkapsel lang. Die
NasenhOhle ist seitlich erweitert, am stiirksten in der Gegeud des Hinterendes der
Praemaxilla. Die Nasalia sind fiir ein Kiinguruh der 7-obustus-Gmp])e lang ;
sie endigeu in einer langausgezogenen Spitze ; ihre seitliclicn Riinder siud
S-formig und konvergiereu nach vorn. Die Offnung des Triiueukauals wird vorn
von der Maxilla begrenzt. Die Foramina incisiva sind kurz. Der vordere Teil
des Gaumens ist lang ; seine geringste Breite geht etwa2imal in die Liinge des
Diastemas. Die Profillinie ist wie bei M. robustus, nur schwiicher konvex. Der
Jochbogen weicht etwas von dem tjpischeu Ban ab ; er ist hinten niedriger und
im AUgemeinen recht scLmal.
TTnterkiefer : Schlank. Der Corpus bildet einen miissig grossen Winkel mit
dem Ramus. Der Condylus ist konvex. Der Processus coronoideus ist schmal,
oben scharf nach hinten umgebogen und abgernndet.
Zahne : Wie robustus ; der I3 ist gewohnlich in horizontaler Richtuug sehr
kurz.
( 09 )
? mit sehr geringem Facialindex.
Dieses Kanguruh isfc dnrch seine tiefrote Farbe (cJ) niid die lange, weiche,
beim ? besonders stark ansgepriigte, Behaarung und die grossen Ohreii ausgezeich-
net. Ansserlich ist ihm Maci: r. t-Khenn von N.W. Aiistralien iihnlich ; es ist
im Allgemeinen heller, kurzhaariger, nnd zeigt sehr abweicbendeii Scbiidelban iind
kiirzere Ohren.* Das ? von cervinns hat ein iihnlich borstiges Gesicht wic das
fiir dasjenige von robustus charakteristisch ist ; aueh das S zeigt verliingerte
Wangenhaare.
Lebende Exemplare im Zoologischen Garten zn Berlin und Frankfurt a/M.
zeigen, dass die Behaarung im Winter uoch wesentlich liinger, die Farbe dagegen,
besonders des cJ, bedentend heller ist.
Macropus robustus rubens snbsp. nov.
Macr. rob. cerchius Thos., A'oc. Zool. xi. p. 365 (1004).
Behaarung der Hiickenmitte knrz, der KOrperseiten miissig lang und weicb.
Riickenbaare alle nach hinten gerichtet, kein Wirbel im Nacken. Ohren ktirzer
als bei cervhnis.
(J. Dem Miinnchen von .1/. /•. cerri/ms sehr iihnlich, aber viel kurzhaariger,
heller, besonders an Kopf und Nacken und mit etwas gelblichem Schimmer. Der
Banch ist rotlich, nicht weiss, wie bei cervinus ; Brast nnd Kehle weiss. Hinter-
seite der Ohren schwilrzlich brann (spiirlich behaart), wie bei M. r. isabellinus.
Die Riickenbaare sind an der Basis wesentlich heller als an der Spitze. Im
tibrigen wie cercinus.
? . Von dem Weibchen von cercinas ausserordentlich verschieden. Viel heller ;
sehr hell gelbrOtlich, etwas grauer im Nacken ; Riickenbaare ohne dunkle Spitzen.
Korperseiten etwas heller als Riicken, von der Unterseite nur ein schmaler Streif
in der Mittellinie weiss. Stirn, Wangen und Hinterseite der Ohren (spiirlich
behaart), etwas heller als der Riicken. Innenseite der Ohren weiss. Nasenrilcken
hell briiunlich, etwas mit schwarz gemischt. Arme und Beine gelblich, nach den
Zehen zn dnnkler werdend ; Pfoten hellbraun, Zehen schwarz.
Schadel : Die Gesiclitspartie ist im Vergleich zur Gehirnkapsel sehr kurz.
Die Naseuhuhle ist seitlich erweitert, am starksten ein Stiick vor dem Hinterende
der Praemaxilla (weiter vorn als bei certiiius), und erscheint ganz vorn eingeschniirt.
Die Nasalia sind vorn nicht viel schmiiler als hinten ; sie sind in der Mitte
eingeschniirt, erweitern sich vorn noch einmal und laufen in eine Spitze ans, die
wesentlich kiirzer ist als bei M. r. cervinus. Der Processus infrazygomaticns ist
schmal und stark gedreht. Die Offnung des Tranenkanals liegt ganz im Lacriraale.
Die Foramina incisiva sind kurz. Der vordere Teil des Gaumens ist liinger und
etwas breiter als bei rrrrim/x ; seine geringste Breite geht etwa 3mal in die Liinge
des Diastemas. Der Jochbogen ist ungefiihr wie bei i-obuMus, nur ist er hinten
etwas mehr abgernndet. Die Profillinie ist iihnlich wie bei cervinus ; sie ist
jedoch stiirker konvex (ihr hochster Pnnkt liegt weiter vorn) und ist infolgedessen
iiu Gesichtsteil abschiissiger. Die Interorbitalgegend ist nicht gewolbt.
TJnterkiefer : Schlanker als bei cervinus ; der Proc. coronoideus ist obcn fast
nicht umgebogen und etwas weniger rnnd am Ende als bei cervinus. Der Coudylus
ist konvex.
Zahne : I3 ist in der Regel kiirzer als bei I'obustMS, iihnlich wie bei cervinus.
* Olirliinge eines erwachsenen ^ von Jf. )•. ccrvhiiis, 1 10 mm.
( 100)
? Scliiidel mit ansseronleiitlicli geringcm Facialimlcx.
Dieses Kaogiinih untersclieidet sich wesentlich von seiuein iiiichsteii Verwandten
.1/. r. ccrcinm. Beide Geschlechter, besonders aber das $ sind lieller gefiirbt, viel
knrzhaariger nnd knrzohriger. Im Schadelban ist es dnrcli die abweicbcnde
Form der Nasalia nnd der Scbnanze, sowie den gerigcn Facialindex ausgezeicbnet.
IM. N.W. Anstralien ; " Nurdlicher Distrikt," Westanstralien.
r>/jnis: B. M. 4. 1. 2. 8. S ad., Box Soak ; Tnnney coll., 20. 9. 01.
Maasse (ks Tt/pus : Rnmpflange 1050 mm.; Schwanz 925; Uinterfuss 300 ;
Obr 100. (Im Fleisch gemessen.)
Macropus robustus woodward! Thos.
Thos , Nni: Zool. viii. p. 395 (1901).
Macr. woodioardi Cahn, Zool. Beob. xlviii, p 2 (1907).
Bebaarnng des <J sebr knrz, diinn, ranb und fest dem Knrper anliegend, des
S langer nnd weicher. Im Nacken ein AVirbel, die Nackenbaare nach vorn gerichtet
(wenigstens bei alien 4 mir vorliegenden Stucken).
<J. Oberseite sebr bell lebhaft rostrot, ebenso Kopf, Wangen nnd Oberseite der
basalen Scbwauzbalfte nnd die Hinterseite der Ohren. Die Haare sind gleichraiissig
bis fest ziir Basis gefiirbt, nur diese ist etwas heller (aber nicht weiss wie bei
M. antilopinus). Arme nnd Beine nitlichgelb nach den Fingern resp. Zehen,
dnnkler werdend, diese selbst brannscbwarz. Schwauz oben mit einem rostrotea
Streif, der nach der Spitze zn allmahlicb verschwindet ; nnten nnd Spitze fabl
rotlichgelb Kinn mit auffallendem rostroten Fleck. Mnndwinkel weiss. Nasen-
riicken scbmntzig rotlich. KOrperseiton etwas matter als RUckenmitte, ziemlich
scbarf abgesetzt von der gelblich weissen Unterseite. Ohren innen rOtlich gelb.
?. Farbenverteilnng wie beim <J Bebaarnng langer nnd weicher. Oberseite
isabellrOtlich ; Nackenbaare mit dnnkler Spitze. Ohren ansscn etwas lebhafter
rot als der Kopf. Nasenriicken briinnlich gran. Innenseite der Ohren schmntzic
weiss. Am Kinn ein nndcutlicher schwarzlicher Fleck. Finger nnd Zehen weiss.
Alles, was sonst beim <J gelblich oder rOtlich ist weiss. Unterseite, Gliedmassen,
n.s.w., mehr oder weniger rein weiss.
Das jnnge <? ist langbaariger nnd dnnkler rot, das junge ? ist nicht wesentlich
verscbieden von dem erwachsenen.
Schadel : Mit knrzem Gesichtsteil im Vergleich znr Gehirnkapsel ; die
Scbnanze ist seitlich nicht erweitert. Die Jochbogenweite ist sebr oross. Die
Nasalia sind breit, vorn kaum weniger als hinten, in der Mitte etwas scbmaler sie
laufen in eine knrze Spitze ans. Beacbtenswert ist die Wnlbnnc von rechts nach
links. Der Froc. infrazygomaticns ist lang nnd breit und stark gedreht. Die
Offnung des Triinenkanals liegt ganz im Lacrimale. Die Foramina incisiva sind
lang nnd beriihren hinten die Sutnra incisiva. Der vordere Teil des Ganracns
ist sehr breit, seine geringste. Breite geht etwa zweimal in die L;in"-e des
Diastemas. Die Profillinie steigt von hinten in S-formiger Linie an, bis znm
hochsten Pnnkte uber dem vordereu Ende des Proc. z3-gomaticns des Schlafen-
beins, nnd liiuft von da in fast gerader Linie nach vorn (mit geringem Knick am
Hinterende der Nasalia).
Unterkiefer : Sehr gedrnngen ; der Corpus sehr hoch nnd der Ramus sehr
breit. Der Coudylus ist konvex. Der Proc. coronoidens ist sehr breit, oben nicht
nmgebogen und abgerundet.
( 101 )
Zahue: I3 immer kiirzer als bei robustus, ohne Kerbe, mlt nndentlicher
Vertikalrille.
?. Die seitlichen Riiuder der Nasalia sind gerade.
Hub. Grant Range, Kimberley Division, N.W. Australien.
Das S zeigt in doi- aiisseren Erscheinnng grosse Aliniiuhiveit mit M. antilopinus.
Es iinterscheidet sich davon in erster Linie diirch die Form des Rhinariums, die
wie bei robustus ist. Die Haare des Riickeus liaben keiue weisse Basis, nnd die
Korperseiten sind nicbt mit weiss gemiseht. Das ? hat immer rote Ohrhinterseite.
Der Schiidel ist natiirlich ganz anders gebaut wie der von M. antilopinus.
Macropus robustus isabellinus (Gould).
Maci-npua imheHhiKs Gould, P.Z.S. 1841, p. 81 ; Waite, ftcc. Aiisti: Miis. iv. p. 131 (1901) ; Tho3.,
Oil. Mars. Moil. Brit. .Mux. p. 25 (1888) ; id. Nur. Zon!. viii. p. 394 (1901).
Macropus robustus Isabellinus Rothsch., Nor. Zool. xii. p. 510 (1905).
Behaarung kurz, sehr dicbt nnd weicb, an Korperseiten und Unterseite langer.
Schwauz an der Spitze nnten lang behaart.
<S. Oberseite rOtlicli isaljell, an den Seiten etwas heller ebeuso am Kopf;
Nasennicken rOtlichgrau ; Mnndwinkel weisslich ; am Kina ein schwiirzlicher
Fleck ; Wangen rOtlich. Ohren, anssen rOtlich, stark mit schwarz gemischt, innen
sparlich weiss behaart. Gliedmassen sclimutzig hellrotlich (Haare mit dnukler
Spitze), nacli den Fingern, resp. Zehen, bin rostbraun, diese selbst schwarzbrann.
Schwanz, an der Basis wie der Riicken, der iibrige Teil einfarbig gelbrOtlich.
Kehle und Brnst reinweiss ; Bauch rOtlich weiss.
?. Kleiner und heller ; Unterseite gauz weiss.
Schadel : Der Gesichtsteil ist im Vergleich zur Gehirnkapsel sehr kurz. Die
NasenhOhle ist stark erweitert, die Schnauze ist sehr breit. Die Nasalia sind kurz,
breit, in der Mitte eingeschniirt ; sie endigen in eiue knrze Spitze. An der medialen
Wand der Augenhohle findetsich ein schrilger Wulst, iihnlich wie bei M. antilopinus.
Ahnlich wie bei diesem ist anch die scharlkautige obere Begreuzung der Angenhohle
und die stark konkave Interorbitalregion. Die OH'nuug des Triineukanals wird
voru von der Maxilla begrenzt. Die Foramina incisiva sind lang und breit und
warden hinten von der Maxilla gebildet, ganz wie bei M. antilopinus. Der Gaumen
ist breit ; seine geringste Breite geht zweimal in die Liinge des Diastemas. Die
Profillinie steigt hinten steil an, ist dann stark konvex, hat am Hinterende der
Nasalia einen scharfen Knick und liluft dann in fast gerader Linie nach vorn ; ihr
hochster Punkt liegt etwa iiber der Mitte des Proc. zygomaticus des SchliifenbeiDS.
Der Proc. infrazygomaticus ist schmal und lang.
Uuterkiefer : Kurz und gedrungen ; t!orj)U8 und Ramus bilden fast einen
rechten AVinkel ; der Ramus sehr breit. Der Condylns ist fast plan. Der Proc.
coronoidens ist schlank, oben ziemlich breit, scharf umgebogen nnd abgernndet.
Zahne: wie bei M. r. icoodican/i.
llab. Barrow Island, N.W. Australien.
Dieses Kiingnruh ist jedenfalls das aberranteste der ganzen robust us-ijiv\x\-i\iQ.
Es stellt eine oflPenbar verkiimmerte Inselform dar. 3 und $ sind bei Weitem
nicht so verschieden wie bei den andern Formen. In der GrOsse bkubt es bedentend
hinter alien " grossen Kiingurnhs " zuriick ; es ist tatsiichlich nicht grosser als
die mittelgrossen Wallabies. Der Schadel zeigt cine Reihe von Charakteren, wie
sie sich bei Af. antilopinus, oft noch imsgepriigter, linden : Form der Schnauze, der
( 102)
Interortiitalgegenil, der Foramina incisiva, Lage der Offiiung des Trilnenkanals, uiid
geriuger Facialindex. Im Allgemeiuen zeigt der Schiidel jedoc.h Charaktere, die
eutschiedeu robust us-artig sind : Form des Jocbbogens, des Proc. infrazygomaticns,
des Gaiirueiis nnd vor allem der Ziihne. Ich betrachte es deshalb fiir eiii, allerdiugs
stark spezialisiertes, Glied der robust us-Gmi^i^e.
Macropus robustus alligatoris Thos.
Thos., Nin: Zoo!, xi. p. 224 (iy04).
Behaariing dicht, aber sehr kurz, ranh uiul fesfc dem KOrper anliegend. Im
Nacken ein Wirbel.
<J. Oberseite dnnkel nitlicli isabell ; Haare der Riickenmitte mit dunkelbramieu
Spitzen, der Kurperseiten oline solche. Unterseite rutlich weiss, nach liiiiteii zii
mehr nitlich. Am Kiiin ein schwarzbranner Fleck. Scheitel ilhnlich dem Nackeii
gefiirbt ; Hiiiterseite der Ohren dicht mit kurzen Haareu von der Farbe des Ko])fes
liesetzt ; Innenseite der Ohren rutlich weiss. (Jliedmasseii etwas matter als der
K.irper, nach nnten zu heller werdend ; Finger nnd Zehen dnnkelbraun. Schwanz
einfarbig hellrOtlich isabell. Nasenriicken dunkelbrauu. Wangen hellnitlich.
? ?. Die beiden ? , die Thomas (Nov. Zool. xi. p. 224) erwahnt, erweisen sich
als M bermmliis (vergl. audi C^ollett, P.Z.S. 1897 : Macropus robiLitus).
Schadel: Gesichtsteil knrz im Vergleich zur Gehirnkapsel. Die Nasenhr.hle
ist seitlioh nicht erweitert ; die Schnanze verjiingt sich nach vorn. Die Nasalia sind
kurz nnd breit ; ihre seitlichen Ritnder konvergieren in ganz schwach gekriimmten
Linieu and gehen vorn allmilhlich (ohne Knick) in die kurze Spitze iiber. Der
Proc. infrazygomaticns ist knrz nnd schmal. Die Offnung des Tninenkanals liegt
ganz im Lacrimale. Die Foramina incisiva sind knrz ; der vordere Teil des
Gaumens ist sehr breit ; seine geringste Breite geht etwa zweimal in die Liinge
des Diastemas. Die Profiliinie steigt von hinteu gerade an, bis znm hiichsten
Punkt iiber dem hinteren Ansatz des Jochbogens, fjillt von da sehr schwach ab bis
zum Hiuterende der Nasalia nnd dann sehr stark bis vorn. Das Hintereude der
Praema.xilla ist sehr knrz und reicht nur bis etwa ein Drittel der Nasalia nach hinten.
Zahne : Wie robustus.
TTnterkiefer : Sehr gedrnngen. (Corpus sehr hoeh und Ramus sehr breit;
beide Inlden fast eiuen rechten Winkel. Der Coudyius ist konve.x. Der Processus
coronoidens ist breit, oben weuig nmgebogen und ganz abgernndet.
Hab. South Alligator River, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory.
Dieses Kiinguruh steht in der Art der Behaarnng M. r. wood icu rdi a.m niiclisten.
In der Farbe ist es jedoch giinzlich verschieden nnd gleicht in dieser Beziehung am
meisten dem sudaustralischen .1/. /■. erubescens. Von diesem unterscheidet es sich
durch die kurze Behaarung, die rote Ohrhinterseite und die mehr gelbrOtlichc Farbe.
Der Schiidel ist eigentlich etwas Besonderes fiir sich ; er liisst sich vielleicht am
ehesteu noch mit dem von .1/. ;■. icoodwanli vergleichen, von dem ilin anf den ersten
Blick die Form des Processus coronoideus des Unterkiefers unterscheidet.
Macropus robustus alexandriae subsp. uov.
Schadel : Der Gesichtsteil ist im Vergleich zur Gehirnkapsel knrz ; die
NasenhOhle ist seitlich nicht erweitert, und die Schnanze verjiingt sich nach vorn.
Die Nasalia sind breit, vorn etwas schmiiler als hinten, und in der Mitte
( 103 )
eingeschnurt ; sie endigen in eine knrze Spitze. Der vordere Toil der luter-
orbitalgegpnd ist etwas gewolbt. An der medialen Waud der Angenhohle findet
sich oben eine kleine Protuberanz. Die Oflfnnng des Triinenkaiials liegt ganz
im Laerimale, ganz vorn, fast an der Naht. Die Foramina iiicisiva reichen fast
bis zur Sutura incisiva. Der vordere Teil des Ganmens ist kurz und breit,
seine geriugste Breite geht etwa zweimal in die Liinge des Diastemas. Die
Profillinie steigt von hinten koukav sanft bis znm hOchsten Punkt iiber dem
hinteren Ansatz des Jochbogens an, liiuft von da sehr schwach abfallend bis zum
Hinterrande der Nasalia nnd von da abschiissiger naoli vorn. Das Hinterende der
Praemaxilla ist sehr lang aiisgezogen, und reicht fast bis J der Liinge der Nasalia.
Unterkiefer : Nicht ganz uniihulich dem von M. robusfus, aber mit breiterem
Ramus und h(iherem und kiirzerem Corpus, die einen kleineren Winkel bilden als
bei robustus. Der C'ondylus ist konvex. Der Processus coronoideus ist sclilank,
oben kanm nmgebogen nnd in eine etwas abgestumpfte Spitze endend.
Z'ahue : Wie die von robiistits.
Dieser Scliildel unterscheidet sich von M. robusfus, dem er nahe stebt, durch
die Form der Nasalia, den kurzen und gedrungenen Unterkiefer und den etwas
zugespitzten Proc. coronoideus. Die beiden niichsten Nachbarn M. r. alliyatoris
nnd M. r. reginae nnterscheiden sich beide recht wesentlich, ersteres besonders
durch den abgerundeten Proc. coronoideus und letzteres durch die fast geradlinig
begrenzten Nasalia.
Von dieser Form liegt mir nur der Schildel vor.
Hub. Alexandria, Northern Territory.
Typus. B.M. 6. 11. 8. 15. S ad. W. Stalker coll.
Macropus robustus reginae subsp. nov.
M. r. eruhescem Thos. et Dollm., P.Z.S. I'JUS p. 792.
Behaarnng lang, dicht und ranh. Bisweilen (nicht immer) ein Haarwirbel
im Nacken.
(J. Oberseite hell weinrot, stark mit schiefergrau gemischt. Die Haare haben,
ausser im Nacken schiefergrane Spitzen. Haare der Unterseite an der Basis
aschgran mit weisser Spitze, nach den Seiten zu ohne solche, so dass ein undentliches
hell aschgraues Band entsteht, das sich von den Schultern am Bauch entlang
bis nach den Hiiften zieht. Brust und Kehle gelblich weiss ; am Kinn ein
schwiirzlicher Fleck. Scheitel, Schliifen nnd Ohrbasis lebhafter n'itlich als der
Nacken. Nasenriicken, Stirn nnd Wangen dunkelbraun und weisslich gesprenkelt ;
Rhinarium weisslich eingefasst. Hinterseite der Ohren mit langen schwarzen,
Innenseite mit langen gelblichweissen Haaren dicht besetzt. Arme gelblich,
bis weit hinauf mit schwarzen Haaren gemischt ; Pfoten nicht oder kaum
dnnkler. Beine gelblich; Fnsswurzel stark mit schwarz gemischt; Zehen
schwarz. Schwanzbasis ilhnlich dem Rileken, jedoch grauer ; die Haare haben
nur weuig rot an der Basis ; nach dem Ende zn fahlgelb, mit etwas schwarz
gemischt.
?. Haare der Oberseite an der Basis ganz hell rotlich, in der Ruckenmitte
mit aschgrauer, an den Korperseiten mit weisser Spitze. Scheitel nnd Geaicht
mehr oder weniger duiikelgrau und weiss gesprenkelt, Wangen weisslich. Ohr-
hinterseite an der Basis duukelgran, nach der Spitze zu heller gran bis weiss.
Innenseite weisslich. Vor der Ohroffnung findet sich ein auffallender gelber
( 104)
Wirbel. Uutevseito reiu wt-iss, Iluiire mit weiiifj ^'rau an iler Basis. Schwanz-
basis wie der RiickeD. Im Ubrigen dem o iibnlieh, aber kleiuer. Bisweileu
findeii sich ziemlicb rote ?, die aber immer die graue Ohrbasis zeigen.
Schadel: Die (lesicbtspartie ist im Vergleich zur Gehirnkaiisel kurz. Die
Naseiihiible ist seitlidi uicht erweitert. Die Scbnanze verjiingt sicli uach vorii,
mid ist immer weseutlich schmaler als bei erubesceus. Die Nasalia siiid kiirz
mid breit, verjiingeii sich fastgleichmiissig nach voni uud endeu in einer kurzen
Spitze. Der Processus iufrazygomaticns ist etwas liuiger und breiter als bei
eritbi-sceriK. An der Stelle des Proc. postorbitalis findet sich eiue kleiue Unebenheit.
Die Offnung des Triiueiikanals wird meist vorn von der Maxilla begrenzt. Die
Foramina incisiva sind lang nnd reichen bis zur Sutara incisiva. Der vordere
Teil des Gaumens ist knrz und sehr breit nud verjiingt sich stark nach vorn ;
seine geringste Breite geht wenig melir als zweimal in die Liinge des Diastemas.
Die Profillinie ist eine gleichmiissig konvexe Linie, deren bochster Punkt iiber
dem liintcren Drittel des Proc. zygomaticus des Schliifenbeins liegt.
Uuterkiefer : Knrz und gedrnngen ; der Corpus bildet einen fast rechten
Wiiikel mit dera liamns. Der t!ondylus ist schwach konvex. Der Processus
coronoideus ist gedrnngen, obeu mit einem knrzeu, stnmpl'eii hinteren Fortsatz.
Zahne : Wie robustus, doch ist der " Secator " etwas kleiner.
? kleiner nnd sehr breit an den Jochbogen.
Dieses Kiitigurnh steht Macr. rob. erubescens, von dem es geographisch weit
getrennt ist, in seiner ausseren Erscheinung reclit hahe ; es ist jedoch mehr
weiurOtlicb, die Mufl'el ist weisslich, nicht braun, eingefasst ; die iSpitzen der
Riickenhaare sind schiefergran, uicht braun oder schwarzbrilnnlich, und die Pfoten
sind nicht oder kaum dunkler als die Arme.
Im Sommer (Haarwechsel) etwas lebhafter, mebr mit gelblichem Anflug,
und die dunklen Haarspitzen siud, obwohl deutlich, nicht so auffallend.
Der Scbiidel unterscheidet sich von dem von M. r. erubescent dnrcb die
schmale, sich nach vorn verjiingende, 8chiiauze, die verhiiltnissmilssig grosse
Joclibogenweite, die Breite des vorderen Ganmens uud den geriugen Facialiudex.
Ilab. Nord-Queensland. Zur Untersuchung lag mir die grosse Serie von
Inkerman (Ingram- nnd Forrest-Sammlnng) im British Museum vor, die jedes
Geschlecht nnd Alter in alien Jahreszeiten reprilsentiert. Leider fehlt ein ganz
erwachsenes M;inuchen,und so babe ich zum Typus eiu fast erwachseiies S gewilhlt.
In der Tabelle fiuden sich zum Vergleich die Maasse (Schadel) eines ungefahr
gleichaltrigeu M. r. erubescens.
Tyinis: B. M. 8. 8. 8. 55., cJ subad., W. Stalker coll. 25. 1. 07. Mt. Abbot,
sndostl. Towusville, N. Queensland.
Maasse des Typus: Rumpfliinge lUOO mm.; iSchwanz 825; Hiuterfuss 292;
(Jiir 102. (Im Fleisch gemessen.)
Macropus robustus erubescens (Scl.).
Hulinaluntx eriihesrens Scl., P.Z.S. 1K70 p. 12ii.
Man-<ii>un rohiiMiix Thos., Cat. Mar.t. Mn,i. Brit. Mnx. p. 'JS (IHHH).
MiuToitus roh. eriihesci'ii^ Thos., I'.Z.S. I'JOll p. li:5 ; Rothacli., Xur. Zu.,!. xii. p. 510 (1905).
Behaarung ziemlich lang, rauh nud dicht. Bisweileu ein Haarwirbcl im
Nacken.
<J. Oberseite gelbweiunUlicli ; Haare des Ilinterriickeiis mit si-hwarzen (oder
( 105)
schwarzbrannen) Spitzen. Kopf iihiilicli ileiu Nat'ken, ebenso Ohfbasis ; Hinterseite
iler Ohren schwarz behaart ; Iiineiiseite sparlich graa behaart. Nasenriicken
(lunkelgraubrann ; Mundwinkel weiss ; Rhinarium schwarzbrann eingef'asst ;
Wangea bellrotlich. Brast und Kehle weisslieh ; Bauch hellWitlich ; am Kinn
ein schwiirzlicher Fleck. Glieilraasseii riitlich weiss bis rritlich gran, das albuiihlicli
in das Schwarz der Zelien (il)ergelit. Scliwaiiz : OVierseite wie der lliicken, stark
mit schwarz gemischt, aiisserstes Ende schwarzbrann ; Unterseite falil gelb.
Schaidel: Die Gesiehtspartie ist im Vergleich znr Gehirnkapsel lang. Die
Nasenhulile ist seitlich gleichmilssig erweitert; die Schnauze erscheint daher von
oben zvlindrisch. Die Nasalia sind (iir ein Kiingurnh der robust its-GTni)\ie lang
und schmal, verjilngen sich nach vorn wenig, wenn iiberhanpt, nnd sind hinten
nnr wenig erweitert ; sie eudigen vorn in eine kurze Spitze ; ihre seitlichen Kiiuder
sind einander fast parallele gerade Linien. Der Proc. infrazygomaticus ist schmal
und ziemlich lang. Die Offnung des Triinenkanals liegt ganz im Lacrimale, jodoch
ganz vorn, fast au der Sutura lacrimo-maxillaris. Die Foramina incisiva sind
miissig lang. Der vordere Tiel des Gaumens ist verhiiltnissmiissig schmal nnd
lang; seine geringste Breite geht etwa 2^mal in die Litnge des Diastemas. Die
ProfiUinie steigt hinten ziemlich steil an bis znm hdchsten Punkt etwas vor dem
hinteren Ansatz des Jochbogens und liiuft von da, absteigend, in schwach konvexer,
nicht ganz gleichuiilssiger Linie nach vorn.
Unterkiefer: Schlank ; der Corpus bildet einen ansehnlichen Wiukel mit dem
Ramus. Der Condylus ist konvex. Der Processus coronoideus ist lang, schmal, und
iiluft ziemlich spitz zn.
Zahne : AVie robustus ; die Wurzeln der beiden oberen I, etwas njiher zusammen
und li meistens etwas kiirzer.
Von dieser Form liegt mir nnr das S vor, und ich kann infolge dessen keine
Beschreibnng des 9 geben.
Hub. Siidaustralien, das Gebiet um den Spencer's Golf. Spencer* erwiihnt
den "Euro" auch fur Central-Australien, ob das aber .1/. rob. erubescens oder
irgend eine andere Lokalform von M. robustus ist, kann ich nicht entscheiden.
Aus dem Innern Nordaustraliens kommt J/, rob. ulcxaiulriae.
Macropus robustus argentatus (Rothsch.).
Maa-iqim lufjentuius Rothsch., Nor. Zuol. xii. p. .009 (1905).
Behaarung dicht, lang rauh. Riickenhaare alle nach hinten gerichtet; kein
Wirbel im Nacken.
S. Nacken lebhaft dunkelrostrot ; Riicken viel matter und stark mit schwarz
gemischt, ebenso Scheitel and Stirn. Nasenriicken gran, vorn braun. AVangen
dunkelgrau, etwas mit weiss gemischt ; Augen weisslieh eingefosst ; Mundwinkel
weiss ; am Kinn ein schwarzer Fleck. Haare der Unterseite mit dunkelgrauer
Basis. Arme dunkelgrau mit weiss gemischt ; Pfoten schwarz. Oberschenkel
anssen wie der KOrper, innen grauschwarz : Unterscheukel gran ; Zehen schwarz.
Schwanz oben dnnkel graubraun, nnten heller; Spitze schwarz. Ohren anssen
braunschwarz, innen gelblich weiss (langhaarig).
? . Rlickenmitte, Scheitel nnd Stirn bninnlich gran ; Kiirperseiten und Unterseite
weiss. Nasenriicken briiunlich. Ohren aussen dicht holzbraun, innen gelblich
• Report of the Horn Exp., Miimm. p. 14 (1891!).
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( 108)
Weiss behaart ; AVangeu gelbgraii. Minulsviuki-l gelblicli, daruber ein schwarzer
Stricli. Gliedmassen hell weissgraii, Pfoteu mid Zeheu scbwarz.
Schadel: Die Gesichtspartie ist im Vergleich znr Gebinikapsel sehr lang
(Facialindex beim nocli nicht erwachsenen cj 278). Die Schnaaze ist seitlich
gewolbt, und verjiiiigt sicli naeh vorn. Die Nasalia siud ziemlich kiirz nnd
schinal ; sie sind hinteii am broiti'ston, verjiuigeii sich iiaoh vorn, niid sind
ill der Mitte scharf eingescbniirt ; ilire seitlicheii lliluder lauf'en hinten znerst
parallel, habeii daim einen Kuick und konvergieren voii da iu S-fOrmiger
Liiiie. Eiu Proc. postorbitalis ist dentlich ausgebildet. Der Processus infra-
zygomaticus ist kurz nnd scbmal. Die Offuuug des Triinenkanals liegt ganz im
Laerimale. Die Foramina incisiva sind knrz und liegen ganz in der Praemaxilla.
Der Proc. paroccipitalis ist kurz und scbmal. Der Gaumen ist voru laug und
schmal; seine geringste Breite geht etwa 2Jmal in die Liinge des Diastemas.
Die Profillinie steigt hinten steil, konkav, bis znni hcichsten Pnnkte, ilber dem
hiuteren Ansatz des Jochbogens, an und liiuft von da fast gerade nach vorn.
TTnterkiefer : Corpus miissig lang und bildet mit dem Ramus einen verhaltniss-
miissig stnmjifen Winkel. Condylus konkav. Proc. coronoidens sehr lang schmal,
oben scharf nach hinten umgebogen, mit langem Fortsatz.
Zahne : Wie rohiistus.
Dieses Kiinguruh gehOrt seiner iiusseren Erscheiuung nach, sowie der Tatsache,
dass das ? grau ist in die Niihe von M. r. eruhescens und reg'mae. Es ist besonders
durch die grauschwarze Innenseite der Oberschenkel und die reiche Farbe (cj)
ausgezeichnet. Der Schadel ist charakterisiert dnrch die Form der Nasalia, des
Proc. corouoideus nnd den grossen Facialinde.x.
Ilttb. Angeblich Nord-Australicn ; genauer Fundurt unbekannt.
Macropus hagenbecki Kothsch.
Rothschild, Noe. ZjoI. xiv. p. 14 (1907).
ilaa'npun magnuA Rothsch., Nin\ Zonl, xii. p. 500 (11)05).
Behaarung dicht und wollig, etwas lilnger als bei \f. rufm Riickenhaare alle
nach hinten gerichtet ; kein Wirbel im Nacken. Rhinarinm wie M. robustus,
ebenso Ohreu. Korperbau gedrungen. Anordnung der Haare im Gesicht wie
M. robustits.
cf . Oberseite stumpf kastanienrot, ebenso Scheitel ; Stirnhaarc mit schwiirz-
licher Spitze ; Xasenriicken graubranu, nach voru zu heller. Waugenhaare rot
mit dunkler Sj)itze, nach unten zu schiefergrau ; Augen rot eingefasst. Am Kinn
ein schwarzer Fleck. Keble weisslich, scharf von den dunkeln Wangen abgesetzt
(wie lufas). Oberliiipe rein weiss, zu beiden Seiteu von einem schwarzen Fleck
scharf begrenzt (wie mfus). Ohreu hinten braunschwarz, innen dicht gelblich
weiss behaart. Schultern dunkel blaugrau ; Arme dunkelgran mit etwas weiss
gemischt ; Innenseite der Arme weisslicli (Haare mit rcitlich grauer Basis).
Pfoten schwarz. Beine ansspn dunkelgran, Zehen scbwarz ; Innenseite der
Oberschenkel grauschwarz, der Unterschenkel weiss. Schwanz fahl gelblich.
Brast nnd Hinterbanch weisslich (Haare mit dunkler Basis). Der grOsste Teil
des Banches dunkelschiefergrau, nur in der Mittellinie etwas mit weiss gemischt.
Schadel : Die Gesichtspartie ist im Vergleich zur Gehirnkapsel sehr lang.
Die Nasenhiihle ist seitlich wenig gewolbt nnd die Schnanze verjiingt sich nach
vorn. Die Nasalia sind ziemlich lang; sie verjiingen sich nach voru und sind
( inn )
in der Mitte nicht eiugeschniirt. Die liiterorl)ita]region ist nicht gewrilbt ; der
obere Rand der Angenhohle ist scliarf bcgrenzt. Ein Proc. postorbitalis ist deutlich
entwickelt. Die mediale Wand der Angenhohle ist glatt. Der Jochbogen ist
im Allgemeinen robiigfus-a,Ttig, jedoch nicdriger und rait kurzem, breitem Proc.
infrazygomaticiis. Die Oflfnung des Trilnenkanals liegt ganz im Lacrimale. Die
Foramina iiicisiva sind lang nnd werden hinten von der Maxilla begrenzt. Der
Proc. paroccijiitalis ist breit, ahnlich wie bei M. nifus. Die Pars horizontalis des
Ganmens ist fast vollstiindig, ganz wie bei M. robitstus. Der vordere Ganmen ist
lang nnd .schmal, vorn eingeschniirt und seitlich scharfkantig.
Zahne :
OberMefer : Wnrzeln der beiden Ij nabe znsammen. I, lireit und selir stark
gebogen, mit Vertikalrille etwas hinter der Mitte. Wurzel des L ganz nalie an
der I,. L schmal. I3 schief eingesetzt, seine Wurzel weit von der des I2 eutfernt,
lang (in horizontaler Riclitung) mit Kerbe im vurderen Drittel, ganz unten an der
Schneide. Molaren mit ziemlich schmaler vorderen Qnerleiste (ohne LiingsbrUcke).
Unterkiefer : Corpus lang und schmal, bildet mit dem Ramus einen stumpfen
Winkel. Condylus konvex. Proc. coronoideus schmal, oben umgebogen mit
hinterem Fortsatz.
Zahue: I, seitlich komprimiert, mit scharfer Schneide nnd nnteren Kante
nnd stumpfer medialer Kante und horizontaler Rille nahe dem oberen Rande.
P3 sehr klein, dreispitzig. Molaren mit normaleu Qner- und Liingsleisten.
Abgesehen von dem "Schwarzen Wallaby" (.1/. hernardus) ist dieses Kiingnrnh
wohl die interessanteste Entdeckung der letzten Jahre. Von den einzigen zwei
bekannten Exemplaren ist das eine verloren gegangen, und der Typus ist ganz
jung. (Der Milchsecator und P3 .stehen noch, nnd die beiden letzten Molaren
stecken noch mehr oder weniger im Knochen). Trutzdem ist der Facialindex 278,
d.h. ebenso gross, wenn nicht grosser als bei M. rufus. Das Anffallendste ist aber
die iiussere Erscheinnug : die wollige Behaarung, die Gesichtszeichnnng, die scharf
abgesetzte helle Kehle, Eigenschaften die stark an M. rufus erinnern. Andrerseits
ist der Gesamthabitns recht rohustus-Avi\g nnd erinnert einigermassen an M. rob.
argentatus. Die Heimat dieses interessanten Ktingnrnhs soil, wie mir Herr Baron
W. von Rothschild frdl. mitteilt. die Gegend des South Alligator River (Northern
Territory) sein, also das gleiche Gebiet, das anch von M. rob. alligatoris, M. aiiti-
lojnnus nnd .1/. hernardus bewohnt wird. Hoffentlich liegt bald mehr Material
vor, das es ermOglicht, eine endgiiltige Meinung ilber die genane systematische
Stellung nnd die Verbreitnng dieser scbOneu Art abzugeben.
( 110)
NOTES ON EAGLE-OWLS.
By the HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD and ERNST HARTERT.
ABOUT a year ago we were told that a form of the Egyptian Eagle-Owl
occurred in Asia Minor. We therefore asked Mr. Carl Hilgert, who lias a
correspondent in Asia Jlinor, to procnre ns some specimens. This he did, and
we received four adnlt Eagle-Owls from Eregli, north of the Taurns Mountains.
They were, however, in no way like the Egyptian Eagle-Owl, bat very closely
allied to Bubo bubo turcomanus. They led us to compare the series of Eagle-Owls
in the Tring Museum, in which we have been particularly interested for some time,
with the following results :
Bubo bubo bubo (L.).
Sirix Bulm Linnaeus, Si/tt. Nat. ed. x. p. 92 (1758—" Habitat in Europa." Terra typica : " Sweden,"
from the first quotation : " Fn. svec. 45 ").
We have examined thirt3'-eight skins from Europe which we consider to
belong to this form. We are not able to separate any subspecies, except from
the farthest south-west (Spain) and the south-eastern parts of Russia (Southern Ural
and Caucasus). A good series from Norway and Sweden, and numerous skins
from Germany, show these birds to be absolutely the same, and examples from
Dalmatia, Croatia, Greece, and Italy are inseparable. Far from being in any way
smaller, we find very large examples among the series from Southern Europe.
This form is the darkest of all. The black shaft-stripes on the chest are broad,
and there are generally very distinct cross-bars. It extends into Northern and
Central Russia.
An Eagle-Owl which must be very closely allied to B. bubo bubo is found
in Northern Algeria. Loche distinctly says that he had specimens, and
Taczanowski saw a stuffed one in the possession of an officer. Probably the
Algerian Eagle-Owl will he found to differ slightly from the North European
one. We suspect that it will only be found in the Northern Atlas Mountains,
while B. b. ascalaphus inhabits the southern ranges.
Bubo bubo hispanus subspec. no v.
? Bnbn maxhims ncculrnlnlis A. E. Brehm, Vei-. Santinl. p. 2 (ISStj — Nomen nudum !).
The examination of seven Spanish Eagle-Owls, from Aguilas (Gray coll.),
Malaga, and Madrid, shows that they differ slightly from B. bubo bubo. As long
ago as 1857 A. E. Brehm remarked {Naturh. Zeitung iii. p. 441) that he was
almost inclined to consider the Spanish Eagle-Owls as synonymous with B. sibiricus.
Also, Professor Koenig remarked to one of us {in litte)-i-s) that he thought the
Si)anish form was separable.
This is indeed the case, for the under surface is as a rule much paler, and
the wing averages from 2 to o cm. shorter. The black longitudinal marks on
the chest are sharply defined, and generally without cross-markings laterally.
No name is available for this form. A. E. Brehm, in the list of C. L. Brehm's
collection, mentions a "Bubo maximus occidentalis" without description and
locality. This name was probably meant for the Spanish race, as it is scratched
on the label of the Spanish Eagle-Owl in the Brehm collection.
The type of Bubo bubo hispanus is a male in the Tring Museum shot at a
nest containing two eggs near Aguilas, February 12, 1898, by Mr. Graj'. An
adult female from the same place, also shot from a nest, resembles more the
( 111 )
northern B. bubo bubo, except that the black stripes on the chest are very wide.
It is also rather larger than other Spanish skins, the wing measuring nearly 47 cm.
Bubo bubo interpositus subspec. nov.
This form is intermediate between B. bubo bubo and B. bubo turcomana, but
nearest to the latter. It differs, however, from B. b. turcomana in having wider
shaft-stripes to the feathers of the abdomen, a darker brown ground-colonr on
the feathers of the hind-neck and upper back, and, usually, more black on the
scapulars, lower back, and upper tail-coverts. The underside of the quills is also
darker than in B. b. turcomana, while in B. b. bubo it is often still darker.
B. b. interpositus is lighter above and below than any specimens of B. bubo
bubo, and not so blackish above as the Spanish form (/>. b. Itispanm).
In size this new form does nut differ from B. bubo bubo.
Type : o ad., 15. iii. 1909, Eregli, north of the Cilician Taurus, in Asia Minor,
collected by Mr. C. Hilgert's collector.
Besides the specimens from Eregli, those from the Caucasus (Wladikawkas),
and from the Lower Wolga (Sarepta), belong to this form. It is jiossible that
other forms — viz. B. b. sibiricus and B. b. turcomana — visit the Lower Wolga in
winter; but four specimens which we were able to examine are indistinguishable
from the type of B. b. interpositus, and not like any of the other forms.
We have examined five skins from Eregli — four in the Tring Museum and
one in Professor Koenig's collection ; two from Wladikawkas, Northern Caucasus ;
and four from Sarepta.
Bubo bubo turcomana Eversm.
Strix turcomana Eversmann, Addenda ad PaUtisii Zooyraph. Roxso-Asiat. i. p. 3 (1835— Between
the Caspian and Aral Seas).
This race is much lighter than B. b. bubo and B. b. Iiispanus, and also
distinctly lighter, more yellowish and more sandy, than B. b. interpositus.
Especially the ground-colour of the occiput, hind-neck and upper back is lighter,
also the under surface of the quills. Generally B. b. turcomana is also smaller
and slenderer than B. b. bubo, but some specimens are apparently as big as any
northern Eagle-Owl. Single specimens are sometimes hardly distinguishable from
B. b. interpositus, but as a rule they are very well separable.
We have before us twenty-two .sjiecimcns belonging to B. b. turcomana. They
are from Transcaspia, llussian Turkestan (Issik Kui, Tian Shan, Aksu, Djarkend,
Karakol, MargeJan, Merw), Kerat in East Persia, Persian Baluchistan, and one
from Blagoslovenka, near Orenburg, in the Southern Ural. The latter was obtained
on December 5, 1888, by N. Zarudny, and marked as Bubo iynavus (= B. b. bubo).
It is absolutely like Transcaspian and Turkestan examples, and neither to be
confounded with B. b. bubo nor with D. b. sibiricus. The latter, however, appears
to be found in winter near Orenburg as well.
We are not acquainted with
Bubo b'lbo ni/wls/ni Zarudny.
The author described (Orn. Jahrb. 1905. p. 142) this form as being closely allied
to B. b. turcomana, but smaller, and having a smaller area on the chest covered
with bold markings, which merge almost without transition into the very narrow
shaft-lines on the lower breast, while the markings on the abdomen are finer
and the upperside is more rusty. Mr. Zarudny had a pair from Arabistau
(Chusistan) in West Persia.
( n-^ )
Bubo bubo sibirica (ISc.hlegel & Susemihl).
'• Slrix fiihiririi Lichtenstein " on plate H of "Die \'ili/'l Enrojxis" by Susemihl, with text by
Schlegel and others (1843. No text, but the plate is evidently taken from the specimen
marked Slrix .■ubirira by Lichtenstein, in the Berlin Museum, from the '■ Ural ").
This beautiful Eagle-Owl is easily recognisable by its inucli lighter coloration,
the brownish yellow ground-colour being for the most part replaced by white.
The feet are very heavily feathered, and the size is very large.
Instructive plates and very detailed descriptions of D. b. sibirica and B. b.
turcomana are to be fonnd in Menzbier's Ornitholoi/ie (In. Titrkfstnn, 4 livr. (1804).
The Siberian Eagle-Owl breeds in Siberia, and appears partially to wander
southwards in the winter.
Bubo bubo aharonii subspec. nov.
This is by far the most interesting form of Eagle-Owl known to us, inasmuch
as it connects the northern Eagle-Owls with the ascalaphus group. It dift'ers
from the latter by the sides of the head and neck being distinctly barred with
blackish ; the feathers of the nape are dift'erently marked. In the northern
Eagle-Owls there are almost straight, wide black longitudinal stripes, while in
B. b. ascalaphus there are roundish light cream-coloured lateral patches to the
feathers which invade the black shaft-stripes, so that they become somewhat
crenated ; in B. b. aharonii these crenations are visible, but not so well developed
as in B. b. ascalaphus, and they are much more distinct in the supposed male,
less so in the supposed female. Altogether the supposed male is much more like an
ascalaphus, the female more like a bubn. The underside of the wings is marked
as in ascalaphus. In the supjiosed male the abdomen is marked as in ascalaphus,
while in the other specimen it is more distinctly and more frequently cross-barred
than in any ascalaphus, more as in bubo. The tarsus in ascalaphus is uniform,
while it is barred in bubo. In the supposed female of the new form the tarsus
is marked with narrow but distinct broad arrow-shaped cross-lines, while in the
male there are merely indications of cross-markings. The two specimens are alike
in size, the wings measuring 41 — 42 cm.
We have received one pair from Mr. Aharoni in Jerusalem. They were
obtained on the Wadi Suenit, in the valley of the Jordan in Palestine, on April oth
or 6th, 1909. The supposed female (the type-specimen) is now in the Tring
Museum, while the other one had to be returned to Jerusalem. The specimen-?
were not sexed ; but it would seem that the lighter, more ascalaphus-\ike^
specimen is a less heavy bird, its beak being somewhat slenderer, and therefore
we think that it must be the male, the other the female, as the two are said to
be a pair. "We have named this most interesting form in honour of Mr. Aharoni,
who is an enthusiastic naturalist.
Bubo bubo ascalaphus Sav.
The late Huron von Erianger separated two subspecies— a northern, darker,
and a more southern, lighter one, in Tunisia ; while he also kept separate the
Egyptian form as a third subspecies. We are at jiresent unable to decide finally
whether the separation of these three races is possible or not, but we hope to
discuss this question in fnll. We obtained a dark form near El Kantara in
Algeria, and it seems as if more southern examples are lighter.
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
SPHINGIDAE.
BY THE
Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
AND
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
PRICE: for Booksellers, £4; for the Public, £5.
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rslNTED BV HA2CLL, WATSON AND VISEY, LP., LONDON *ND AVLCSDCRV.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,
H Journal of ZooIoqy-
EDITEI> BV
The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dk. K. JORDAN,
Vol. XVII.
No. 2.
Pages 113—256.
Plate V.
Issued Mav Kith, at the Zoological Museum, Tring.
PRINTKI) BV HAJIEIJ,, WATSON & VINEV. Li).. LONDON AND AYLESBDRY.
1910.
Vol. XVII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
EDITED BT
WAITER ROTHSCHILI), ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. 11.
PAon
1. THE ARCTIANAE IN THE TKING
MUSEUM, WITH NOTES AND DE-
SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES . . Walter Rothschild . . 113—171
2. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF
ARCTIANAE IN THE TRING MUSEUM Walter Rothschild . . 172—188
3. THE BIRDS OF HAINAN (Pl. V.— Pl. VI. to follow) Ernst JJartert . 189—254
■t. SOME NEW MOTHS Earl Jordan . . . 255—256
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE
Vol. XVn. MAY, 1910. No. 2.
CATALOGUE OF THE AliCTIANAE IN THE TRING MUSEUM,
WITH NOTES AND UESCRIPTIONS OE NEW SPECIES.
II. — Conliiiuei-l from Pinje 85.
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
8 Li. Phragmatobia kindermanni kindermanni (Stand.).
~y 6 6 TLe defile of Turgan Ak^ii, Tian-sliaii, July ~'2 — August 16, 190.5;
T.J 6 6 The defile of Little Ki/,il-sn, Tian-shan, July lu — 14, 1905 (Kutseuko). .
8LiA. P. kindermanni pomona (Staud.).
5 6 6,2 ^9 Kuldja (Groum-Grschiuailu coll.).
«13ii. P. kindermanni ferghana (Stand.).
1 6 Alexander Bits, (from U. Taiicre).
Si 3c. P. kindermanni issyka (Staud.).
ti 6 6, 12 ?? Issyk-Kul {^6 6, 7 ?$ from Tancre ; 2 6 6 , 2 9 2 Groum-
Grschmailo coll.; 1 (J, 3 ¥? ?).
t?14. P. brucei (H. Edw.).
1 c? 13ulIion rcuk, South Park, Colorado, U.S.A., 14,200 ft., August 23, 1001
(Oslar).
slo. P. glaphyra glaphyra (Ev.).
1 o ? (Groum-Grschmailo coll.).
81.5a. p. glaphyra manni (Alph.).
1 6 Alai Mts., 2 6 6, 2 2 '2 Borokoro, I 6,1 '2 Issyk-Kul (Groum-Grschmailo
C(dl.); : 6 6, 4 ?? Issyk-Kul (TancrO); 2 66 Naryii Kol, June .5, lOol ; 1 6
Kuldja ; 1 (J?; 10 6 6 The defile of Turgau Aksu, Tiau-shau, July 22 — August 16,
lOO.J; 11 66, 1 ? The defile of Little Kizil-su, Tiaa-shan, July 10—14, 100.3
(Kntsenko).
816. P. y-albula (Oberth.).
3 cJ(J Ta-Tsien-La, West China, 8300 ft., June 1800 (A. E. Pratt) (one with
red, two with yellow hindwiugs) -,266 West China (yellow hindwings).
817. P. trigona (Leech).
i 66 North of Ta-Tsieu-Ln.
( 114 )
81>. P. cervina (Fall.).
•2 <S6,-2 ?? ? (Felder coll.); 2 <S3, 3 ? ? ? 1 ? Monte Rosa; 2 ^<?, 2 ??
Zeriuatt; -J 6o, 2 ?? "Helvetia" (Gronm-Gi-sclimailo coll.); I o, 1 i' Simi.ldU
(M. Baitel coll.).
81 y. P. beani (Neum.).
!(?,!?, localily uuccrtaiii.
820. P. casta (Esp.).
0 (J<?, 3 ? ? ? (Felder coll., oue labelled Am. Bor. and one labelled liliiniis I);
4 (Jc?, .5 ?$ ? (2 from Meyer coll.); I c? Digue, Basses Alpes, June Is, lOilS
(\V. Kothschild and K. Jordan); 1 cJ, 1 n^ Zura ; I <S , 1 9 Prag ; 1 <J, 1 ? Buda-
Pesth ; 1 ? Helvetia (Groum-Grscluuailo coll.); 1 ? Germany; 1 o,2 ?? Vienna
(1 ? M. Bartel coll.) ; 1 ? Modan (M. Bartel coll.) (yellow liindwings) ; 1 <J
Uralsk, July 18, lUUG (M. Bartel coll. ).
821. p. oberthueri spec. uov.
<J . Pectns, head, thora.x, and abdomen very rongb and woolly, greenish yellow
mixed with brown-black, darker on abdomen ; antennae rufous brown. Forewing
brown-black powdered with orange-bnfT, an orange-buff patch in cell and two less
distinct above vein 1, a postmediau and a snbterminal transverse band orange-buff,
fringe mi.xed brown and orange-buff. Hindwing orange-buff, a broad marginal
band of brown-black from termeu to tornus, inner area brown-black clothed thickly
with orange-buff hairs, fringe orange-buff.
Length of forewing : 15 mm.
JIab. Kuku-nor, Thibet.
2 66.
822. P. leopardina (Men.).
'2 6 6 Kuku-Nur (Tancre) ; 1 6 Kaithen, 8inin Mts. (Taucrc).
823. P. puella (.Stand.).
1 6 Artcha-Bachi, Xorthern Alai Mts., June ■,'n, 1008.
824. P. flavia flavia (Fuessl.).
4 cJo, 0 9? ? ; 2 6 6,-299? (Felder coll.) ; 1 6 "Switzerland"; 5 <J<J,
5?? "Helvetia" (Groum-Grschmailo coll.); 3 6 6, 3 V? Sustenpass, Untcr-
walden, Switzerland, June; G 6 6, 5 9? Campfer, o 66 Silvaplana, Eugadine,
July I'.Mi] (Walter Rothschild): 24 6 6, 9 9 9 Silvajilana, Engadine, July and
August 1 '.till— 11103 (Osirnig); 1 cJ, 1 9 Switzerland (Meyer coll.); 1 9 Gedmen
Valley, Bernese Oberland (black on forewings reduced to about one-third the
normal amount) ; 1 ? Stelvio (black spots much enlarged on hindwings, occupying
(piite half the wings); 2 ^^ Silvaplana, Engailine, July 23 and 2(1, l'.)il3 (black
on forewing reduced to hall' nornial amount); 1 9 Silvai>laiia, Engadine, .Inly 20,
l'.»03 (forewings almost entirely black) (Osirnig); 2 larvae, Albula Pass, Canton
Grisons, Switzerland, June l!>Ol ; 2 66 Uliawe ; 1 6 Urga, Mongolia; 1 6
Altai.
( lis )
S24a. p. flavia uralensis Heyiu'.
1 (J, 2 ? 9 Uml Momitaiiis, July 22, 15, 20, 1908.
This form lias the white lines on the forewings much narrower than jlar.ia
Jlavia, and the hindwiugs are orange buff in both sexes.
825. P. fuliginosa fuliginosa (Linn.).
1 (J Notliiighaui, I'.iol (Hendersay); 1 <? Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire,
June 17, 1896 ; 4 cJ cj Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire (N. Charles Rothschild); 1 cj,
1 ? Tring, Hertfordshire, May IT, 1908, and Jnne H, 1904 (A. T. Goodson) ; 6 3o,
2 ?? Great Britain; 2 <J<J, 1 ?>, i ^ Munich, Bavaria (Bnchecker coll.);
0 .^(J, 11 ?$ (.^rimmitschaii, Sa.xony, April 17 -July 25, 1898 (Th. Wagnor) ;
1 (J, 1 9 Ostnau, 8axony, August 'i, 1896; 3 (?(J, 2 9? Liebenau, Bohemia,
July 11)118 (Emil Gradl) ; 3 cJcJ, 4 9 9 ? (Austria?) (Felder coll.); 0 6S Csehtelek,
Bihar Comitat, Hungary, July — August 1907; 2 i?<J Marmarosszuget, Transylvania,
191)1 (Farkas Sandorj ; 13 ii Herkulesbad, Hungary (4, July 2—22, 1907,
Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert ; 9, Herkulesbad, July 28— September 2, 1907,
J. Aszner; ; 2 <J <J Uralsk, July 1905 (M. Bartel) ; 1 i Podolia, 2 <? <J, 2 9 9 Zara, 1 S
Stavropol Government, 1 S Chasurowka, 1 <? ? (Groum-Grschmailo coll.) ; 1 S San
Ildefonso, Segovia, Spain, June— July 1905 (M. de la Escalera) ; 25 (?<J, 6 9 9
Lnchon, Pyrenees, July— August 1905—1900 (Walter Rothschild & Ernst Hartert) ;
3 (J (J, 2 99 Cauterets, Pyrenees, July 1905 (Walter Rothscliild and Ernst
Hartert) ; 5 larvae.
825a. p. fuliginosa borealis Stand.
7 <JcJ, 19 Great Britain (Scotlaml); 0 ^o, 1 9 ('arlisle, 1.595; 3 tJcJ, 1 9
various Russian localities (Groum-Grschmailo coll.); 1 <J, 1 9 Ronnock, June 19ii7
(E. Gibbs) ; 2 larvae and 2 emerged cocoons.
825b. p. fuliginosa lurida nom. nov.
I have given the subspecific name of larida to what was named F. J'ldigiiiosa
J'ercida by Dr. Staudinger in the second edition of his Catalogue of Palaearctic
Lepido}jteia, because AValker had previously (1855) used the uame fervida for
another cpiite different species of l'lii(i(/inrttohi(i from Central America.
1 (J Antibes, French Riviera, April 11, 1904 (Walter Rothschild); 2 o'o,
1 9 Entrevaux, Department Var, France, July 1903 (H. Powell); \ S, 19
Ferghana, 1 <? Chasarowka (Groum-Grschmailo coll.) ; 1 9 Hyires (H. Powell) ;
2 <J(J Bordighera, Italian Riviei-a, March 23—29, 189'.) (Walter Rothschild);
1 9 Sicily ((.Tronra-Grschmailo coll.); 1 S Taormina, Sicily, Jiuie 3 — 9, 19i)7
(O. Neumann) ; 2 larvae (Groum-Grschmailo coll.).
825c. P. fuliginosa pulverulenta Alph.
3 <J(J East side of Lake Issyk-kul, Juno 19—24, 1905 (Kutsenko) ; 10 <? <?
Bir-Bascli, South side of Lake Issyk-kul, Jnly 10—24, 1902 (Kutsenko) ; 4 o' tJ
Issyk-kul (Kutsenkoy ; 5 ^o The defile of Tnrgan-Aksn, August 12—19, and
2 <Jo The defile of Little Kizil-su, July 21, and 1 S Kaschka-ssn, Jnly 11, 1905,
Tian-shan (Kutsenko) ; 3 S3, 1 9 Seifr-Knh, Afghanistan ; 1 <J Gou-Ischan, 1891
(Felder coll.) ; I , 1 9 Juldus.
( 11« )
825ii. P. fuliginosa pallida subspec. nuv.
(J$. Ditters I'roui all (illicr t'orm.s oi fuliginosa in being jiale browiii.sL biiff,
washed more ov less with jiale ruse-colour.
Hub. Knku-uor, Thibet, 3 cJ <J ; Ganssii, West Chiua, 4 cJo, I V (Groum-
Grschmailo coll.)-
t<~'oE. P. fulig^iuosa japouica subsijcc. nov.
S. Forewiiig nimh deeper and duller in colour tliuu m /'"lif/inona /ulitjiiws't,
being greyish chocolate. Hindwing dull rose with a broad sulimarginal Ijlack
band.
JIaO. Yokoliatiia, July 18N1J (Ur. Fritze).
1 ¥.
82.JF. P. fuligiuosa rubricosa llarr.
1 ? ?; 1 cJ, 1 ? Florida; 1 <S Canada; 2^5 Dnraugo, t'olorado (J. Oslar) ;
2 (J<J Larima Couuty, ("olorado, 5UIJ0 ft., June — July 1891 ; 1 S Rhode Island
(Meyer coll.) : 1 ? Denver, Colorado, May 2U, 19UU (J. Oslar) ; 2 larvae.
82(3. Ardices curvata ciirvata (Donov.).
3 (?<J, 2 ?? New Ibdhiud (Felder coll.) : ll cj ^^ Brisbane District ; 3 <J (J
Queensland; 1 o?; 2 66, 2 ?? Mackay, Queensland ; 1 6 Queensland,
Australia (Fruhstorl'er coll.) ; 1 ? Paramatta, New ISouth Wales (Ph. .Schraderj.
S26a. a. curvata vigens (Butl.).
2 66 Tasmania (Felder coll.) ; 1 6 Ulverstoue, Tasmania (A. Simpson).
827. A. glattignyi (Le Gnill.).
6 o o, 2 ? ? Queensland (Felder coll.) -,366 Lnttab, 3 c?o, 2 ? ? Launceston,
Tasmania (A. Sim])Son) -,266,19 Melbourne (Felder coll.) ; 1 o , 3 ? ? Tasmania;
3 <J<?, 1 '+' Parkside, South Australia ; 1^,1? Queensland ; 16,299 Marravilie,
Victoria (Anderson); 1 6 V^ictoria ('Barnard coll.); 16?; 1? (A. Simpson);
1 ? Tasiuaiiia, 1880.
828. Maenas maculifascia maculifascia (Walk.).
i 66 Mount Talang, 1 6 Batang Proepoe, Padang Bovenlanden, West
Sumatra; 2 66 Java; 4 6 6, 1 ? West Java; 1 6 Moinit Gede, AVest Java,
August l8'.J8 (H. Fruhstorfer; ; 2 66 Soulli Java, 18iJ(J (H. Frnhstorfer) ; 1 6
Mount Arjnno, Java (W. Doherty) ; 1 ? Dyampang Koelon, S.W. Preanger, Java
(Kannegieter) ; 1 ? Kamboekers, Toudauo (Weigall) ; \ 6 ? ; 1 6 Pnlo Engano
(W. Doherty); 3 ?? Lahago, Nias; 2 66 Pura, October 180] (W. Doherty);
4 oo Damnier Island, July— December 18'J8 (II. Kiilin) ; 'i 6 6 Adonara,
November l8'.il ( W. Doherty) ; 1 6 Padaug Rengas, Malay Peninsula, 18(I0~~18'.J.'<
(Curtis) ; 1 6 Peuang ; 2 6 6?; 16 North Luzon, 5000—6000 ft., and 1 J Samar,
June— July iNUfi (J. "Whitehead).
( 117 )
828a. M. maciilifascia roseata snlwpee. nov.
3. Forewing more heavily marked with hrown. Hindwing, inner area
washed with jiale crimson. Abdomen palo crimson.
§ has abdomen pale crimson.
Ilai. 2 Jo Oinainissa, Timor, December 1891, and 1 ? Dili, Timor, May 1892
(W. Doherty); 1 cJ Kajeli, Bnru, Marcli 1897 (W. Doherty) ; 2 c?c?, 1 9 Moluccas ;
1 <? ? (Felder coll.); 1 <? Amboina (Felder coll.); 1 (J, 1 § Mackay, Qaeensland ;
3 (?<? Queensland; 1 ? Kuranda, Cairns, Qaeensland (F. P. Dodd) ; \ <S ?.
.829. M. malayensis llrapsn.
7 (?(?, 6?? Sapit and Samljainn, Loniliok, 20nii — 51100 I't., April ISOC
(H. Frnhstorfer).
830. M. ypsilon spec. nov.
(?. Pectus crimson ; legs and antennae lirownish grey ; head creamy wliite ;
collar and tegulae pale crimson ; thorax and patagia creamy wliite ; first two
segments of abdomen creamy white, rest of abdomen pale dull crimson. Forewing
creamy white, a suhbasal transverse band of four hair-brown spots, a convex
elbowed median band of hair-brown patches and a similar postmedian one which
joins the median one at vein 5, forming a large discal Y. Hindwing cream-
white.
Length of forewing : 15 mm.
Hub. Mount Gede, West Java, 40(:i(:i ft., is'.io (II. Frnhstorfer), 1 3 ; Penang,
1897 (Curtis), \ 3.
831. M. species?
■ids, 1 ? Mpnapua, German East Africa (Dr. P.axter). These three
specimens have much longer wings than ,1/. ramotia, and the dark rami of
the forewings are different, but the 2 (? iJ are a mass of grease and the ? very
rubbed, so 1 shall wait for fresh material before desi'ribing this evidently new
species.
832. M. punctistrigata B. Baker.
2 <JcJ Angalwnga IJiver, affluent of St. Joseph's River, from fioon ft. upwards,
November 1 904— February 1905; 9 <?<?, 2 ?? Biagi, Mambari IJiver, .^OOO ft.,
March P.mO ; lu S S Upper Aroa River, March 1'.mi3, British New Guinea (A. R.
Meek).
833. M. nocula (Rtoll,).
2 (JfJ Amshaw, Cape Colony (Miss Barrett) ; 8 cJcJ, 1 ? Knysna, Cape Colony
(Felder coll,).
834. M. arborifera Bntl.
1 (J Weenen, Natal, October 1893 ; 1 <? r.eanfurt West, Cape Colony (Lavers) ;
1 ? Natal ; 1 ? ?; 1 <J Moakeybay, Lake Xyassa, .luly 189(! (Dr. Percy liendall) ;
1 S Transkei, Cape Colony (Miss Barrett); 1 S Congo; 1 3 Loanda (Welwitsch,
Felder coll.).
( 118 )
835. M. ramosa Iliupsn.
2 o(J, 1 ? Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africii ; 1 3 Fort Johnston, Nyassa-
laiid, .January — February 189(5 (Dr. Percy Uendallj ; 1 ? Kilwa, Oorinan East
Al'rica ; 1 tJ (Junpi, Qnanza lliver, May \2, inoi (H. rembertun) ; 1 3 Ibo,
Mozambique (tide liolle) ; 1 S Loanda (Wdwitscb, Feldcr coll.).
836. M. surgens (Walk.).
1 <J Hnancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, fiiHiii— In, j fr,, Porn (Butt.iri'r).
837. M. flavata Hmpsn.
1 <J Cnzco, Peru, February 1901.
83$. M. tenuis (Berg).
lo (J<J, 8 9 ? Fonte Boa; 1 3 Calama, Rio Madeira (W. Hoftmanns) ; 1 <J La
Union, Hnacamayo; 1 o Santo Antonio do Javary ; 3 cJ^, 4 ?? Codajas ; 1 3 on
board steamer between TefFii and Funte Boa, June 1906 (S. M. Klages).
839. M. laboulbeni (Bar).
28 <?(?, 5 ? ? St. Laurent de Maroui ; 1 3 St. Jean de Maroni, French Guiana,
July— August 1904 (E.Le Moult); 1 cj Amazon ; 1 ? French Guiana (E. Le Moult).
840. M. azollae (Berg).
2 ? ? Minas Geraes.
841. Maenas affinis spec. nov.
? . Allied to .]/. Iiurmfisferi, and quite as large ; pectus, legs, antennae, and
head sooty black ; tegnlae sooty black margined with orange anteriorly ; thorax
and patagia hair-brown mixed with orange hairs ; base of abdomen orange, anal
segment and tuft orange buff, rest of abdomen sooty black with orange segmental
margins. Forewing deep brown with scattered buff hairs, a pale brown post-
median, transverse band having a central darker line, inner margin jialo dull
orange towards base. -Hindwing brown, paler than t'orcwing, discoc^ellulars dark.
Length of forewing : 38 mm.
Hab. Petropolis.
1 ?■•>
842. M. burmeisteri (Berg).
1 J, 1 ? "Brazil"; 1 <J, 1 ?, 2 cocoons.
843. M. bilinea (Schaus).
3 o (J Alto Paraguay, August 1904 (J. Steinbach) ; 1 ? Castro, Parana.
844. M. juruana (Bufl.)
1 cJ, 1 ? Codajas; 10 JcJ, 9 $? Fonte Boa; 2 ?? Calama; 1 V Codajas;
1 ? Santo Antonio do Javary ; 1 cJ on board steanici- between Manicapurei and
Teff^, April 19uG (S. M. Klages).
( 119 )
845. M. breveti breveti (Ol.prtli.).
1 (J Biskra, Soiifli Algeria, March 11, 19(i'.i (Walter notlisrhild, Rnist Hartert.
and 0. Hilgert).
S4oA. M. breveti occidentalis snbsp. nov.
S. Differs from h. breveti in the pectns being bniwn, not; Imffish pink; palpi
})lack with only the last joint pink, not wholly pink ; head and antennae sooty
brown, not rnfons ; thorax sooty brown, not greyish rnfous. Forewing deeper
rnfous brown, not chocolate, the black spots fewer and less distinct, and the pale
margins to these spots darker and mnch less distinct. Hindwing salmon-
colonr, not rosy crimson. Some specimens have tlie forewings strongly sufl'iised
with sooty grey.
JIab. Mazagan, Morocco, December l'.iii-2 (W, Higgcnbach).
20 (J (J.
846. Pseudalus leos leos (Drnce).
3 ? 9 Fonte Boa; 1 <J Tnmatumari ; 1 cJ St. Laurent de Maroni.
846a. p. leos occidentalis Rothsch.
1 (? Tingnri ; 1 (J La Oroya.
847. P. aurantiacus Rothsch.
6 (J<J, 1 ? Aroewarwa (Jreek.
848. P. strigatus Rothsch.
1 ? La Oroya ; 5 ij ij Tingnri.
849. P. limonia Schans.
8 (J (5 Sfio Paulo; 1 3 Aqua Snja, Minas Geraes, October IWH) (G. A. Baerj.
8.")0. Diacrisia aeruginosa (FeUl).
1 ^,2 ?? Bogota (Liudig ex Felder coll.— type ?); 33 <J<J, 18 ?? Bogota
(18 <?<?, 11 ??, Child); 11 (JcJ, 1 ? Bogota, in and around the town, December
1898; 1 c? 1 ? Colombia.
S.")l. D. irrorata sjiec. nov.
(?. Pectus brown; head and tegulae dull green; antennae rufous ; thorax and
base of patagia chocolate-brown, rest of patagia dull green; two basal segments
of abdomen bright orange, rest dull huffish green. Forewing pale green closely
irrorated witli chocolate-brown, basal half of wing with a X of chocolate-brown,
but so densely irrorated with this colour besides that at first sight it appears
almost entirely brown, a discocellular large chocolate stigma, and beyond a zigzag
chocolate transverse band. Hindwing semihyaliiie greenish white.
Length of forewing : 16 mm.
Ifab. Huancabamba, Peru (E. B<ittger).
1 3.
( 120)
852. D. underwoodi spec. uov.
? . Pectus green, outside of legs dull brick-red ; jialpi chocolate-brown ; head
and thorax apple-green ; abdomen brick-red. Forewing apjile-green, basal two-
thirds with various irregular more or less coalescent chocolate patches, a postmedian
transverse chocolate band, and beyond it a transverse row of chocolate dots.
Hindwing pale apple-green, a sooty brown patch at tornns.
Length of forewing : ab(]nt 23 nuii.
Ifab. I'osta Hica (Underwood).
1 ?.
S.")3. D. ockendeni spec. nov.
?. Pectns and legs and antennae tur(|noise-blue ; frons buff, rest of head and
thorax greenish tnrc[Uoise-blne ; abdomen bright tnninoise-blne. Forewing
Veronese green, costa and outer margin very convex. Hindwing semiiiyaline
whitish green-bine.
Length of forewing : 24 lum.
Hah. Limbani, Carabaya, S.E. Pern (Ockenden).
1 ?.
854. D. aldaba Dogn.
3 (J<J, 19 Quito, Ecuador (W. (ioodfeli.iw).
855. D. viridis (Druce).
20 J<J, 1 ? Santo Domingo; 1 cJ Tinguri.
S5fi. D. nigrifrons (Walk.).
2 (J o Kiiasia Hills, Assam, April — August 1880 (native collectors); 1 cj, 1 ?
Darjeeling, Sikkim, April 1889 (J. G. Pilcher) ; 2 (J <J Sikkim, 4000—71)00 ft.
(Otto MOller, Elwes coll.) ; 2 S cJ Sikkim (H. J. Elwes i ; 1 cj Darjeeling (F. MOller) ;
1 S Shillong, Assam, Se^itember 1893.
857. D. rhodophila (Walk.)
6 <J<J, 1 ? Khasia Hills, Assam, August 1804— September 1895 (native
collectors); 1 S Khasis (native collectors, H. J. Elwes coll.); 2 J iJ Naga Hills,
5(jn(i_S(i0ii ft., Assam, -Tuly— August 18s9 (W. Doherty) (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 1 S
(Jhamba, July 1891 ; 2 o <J Sikkim, May 1889 (.1. G. Pilcher) ; 5 J J, 2 9 ? Sikkim,
May 1888—1889 (Otto Moller) (H. J. Elwes coll.); 2 J<J, 1 cJ Mao, Manipnr,
.5000—7000 ft., North Burraah, August 1889 (W. Doherty) (11. .1. Elwes coll.);
1 (J ? (H. J. Elwes coll.); '2 Si Shillong, Assam, May 1^93 ; 1 3 ? (Felder coll.) ;
1 3 Darjeeling, Sikkim (Dr. Lidderdale) ; 2 <?(?, 1 ? Darjeeling (F. Moller) ; 1 (J
Nanchuen, South Szechuen, \Vest China, .Jnly — Sejitember ; 1 cJ Upper Yang-tse-
kiang. West China ; 1 ? Ichang, West China ; 1 o Pn-tsn-fong, 9820 ft., West
China, June — Jnly 1890 (native collectors).
858. D. rhodophilides llnijisn.
2 <?c? Mount Arizan, Kagi District, Jnly 1908 ; 1 S Shuslin gai to Kankei-
San, Nancho District, March 4—20, 1908, Central Formosa.
( 121 )
859. D. costimacula Leecli.
1 (J Yokohama, June 10, 18!l7 (Dr. L;mibert) : 1 3 ? (Manley).
860. D. neglecta spec, no v.
(J. Pectus white ; i)alj)i grey, bhick tips ; antennae dark givy ; liead and thorax
white ; basal three segments and last segment of abdomen white, rest dull yellow,
with a row of half-concealed lilack spots on each side. Forewiug white.
Hindwing white.
?. Similar, but larger ; the lateral black spots on abdomen very hirge, the
anal tnft very large, and a dorsal median row of black dots ; a slight dark-grey
stigma at ape.s of cell on hindwing. Some males show this stigma also, and a few
indistinct grey spots on disc of forewing and tornus of hindwing.
Length of forewing : cj 19 mm. ; ? 22 mm.
IM. 1 <J, 1 ? Sikkim, May 1889; 1 <J, 1 ? Sikkim, May 10, 1889 (J. G.
Pilcher) ; 2 <? <J Naga Hills, oOOO— TOOO ft., Assam, Angnst— September 1890
(W. Doherty, H. J. Elwes coll.); 1 <? Bernardmyo, Burmah, 5500—7000 ft..
May 1890 (W. Doherty, H. J. Elwes coll.) ; I ^ Sikkim, 1 S Darjeeling, July 22,
1880 (H. J. Elwes); 1 ? Palni Hills, South India; 1 cj Rarapur, Soutli India,
September 22, 1882 (Johnstone, H. J. Elwes coll.).
861. D. burmanica spec, no v.
<S. Pectus crimson; antennae brown ; head white ; collar and tegulae crimson :
rest of thorax white ; abdomen crimson. Forewing white, a snbbasal, antemedian
and postmedian brown spot on costa, an antemedian transverse band of brown
patches and a postmedian similar one but more sinuate : beyond this a brown dot
on each side of vein 7, and on each side of vein 1 at tornus. Hindwing white ;
a brown submarginal spot just beyond tornns.
Length of forewing : 18 mm.
I/a/j. Burmah.
1 (J.
862. D. multivittata multivittata (Moore).
8 Jo', 16 9 9 Darjeeling (F. MoIKt ; II. J. Elwes, August 1886 ; Dr. Lidder-
dale; Pilcher, April 1.SS9 ; A. V. Knyvett, 7500 ft.. May— June 1889); .-) 3 3,
6 9? Sikkim (J. G. Pilcher, .Inly lsS9 ; Otto Moller, 1887); 1 9 Naga Hills,
Assam, 3000 ft., September— October 1889 (\V. Doherty, H. J. Elwes coll.).
802a. D. multivittata assama subsp. nov.
Differs from w. midticiUata in the brown markings of the wings being broader,
much darker and very distinct.
Hub. Khasis, Assam, March 1884— June 1886 (native collectors).
4 cJ(J, 1 9.
803. D. indica (Guen.).
5 6 6 Nilgiri Hills, South India (lIam]>son, Lindsay).
( 122)
8fi4. D. flavifrons sjioo. ikiv.
?. Pectus n:rey ; palpi black; bead, collar, and te.ii'iilae yellow; antennae
fuscous; patagia white ; thorax yellow : abdomen yellow, a dorsal and two lateral
rows of black spots. Forewing, basal half of costa sooty brown, terminal half
yellow (in some specimens also sooty), a discoeelhilar sooty spot, rest of wing
semihyaline creamy white. Hindwing semihyaline creamy white, a sooty "-rev
spot near termeu, and two (sometimes three) at tornns.
Length of forewing : 15 mm.
lldlj. 4 (J<? Shevaray Hills, Indiii, 41i»0 ft. ; 1 cJ Coonoor, Sonth India.
865. D. lifuensis spec, nov,
cj?. Pectus crimson; antennae grey-brown ; hciid and thorax white ; ubilomcn
crimson. Fore- and hindwing white.
Length of forewing : (J IT mm. ; ? 24 mm.
JIub. Lifn, Loyalty Islands.
3 (Jc?, 5 ??.
866. D. albescens spec. nov.
?. L>gs black in front with a few white rings; pectus, head, and thorax pure
white ; antennae above white, below sooty ; abdomen dark orange with a dorsal
row of black dots, basal and anal segments white. Fore- and hin<lwing jiure
white.
Length of forewing : Is mm.
Hub. Ogrugu, Niger, West Africa.
807. D. melanosoma Hmpsn.
4 (?(J Sikkim (J. (i. Pilcher, July issfi; A. Y. Knyvett, April IssO; Otto
MoUer, 1SS9); 1 S Bernardmyo, Pmrmah, o:iOii— ToOO ft.. May ISiKi (W. Dohertv,
H. J. Elwes coll.); 1 cJ Darjeeling (F. M.dler) ; 1 ? Mao, Manipur, North Burmah,
5000—7000 ft., 1890, 1 ? Naga Hills, Assam, 55iiii— 750(1 ft., September— October
1889 (W. Dohertv, J. H. Ehves coll.); 1 ? Subathu, June 18s9.
SG8. D. latipennis (Stretch).
1 <J, 1 ? North America.
869. D. niveus Mem'tr.
15 cJcJ, 5 ? ? Japan (4 <?<?, 3 ? ? Felder coll.) : •-! <J o" Tesio, Hakkaido, Japan,
July 19(11 ; 3 (?o, 2 ?? Yokohama, Japan, Jnly— September 1S89 (Dr. Fritze) :
'■I So Yokohama, April — August 1898; 1 cJ Hakone, Japan, August 1880, 1 <?
Gensan, Corea, July 1887 (J. H. Leech); 4 <?<? Tsu-sima Island, Japan, July-
November 1891 ; 1 <J Ta-Chien-Lu, West China; 2 SS,2 ?? Amur (Groum-
Gr-schmailo coll.); 2 5 o% 2 ? 9 ? ; 1 <J ? (H. J. Elwcs coll.); 2 S3, 1 ? Su-chan,
South Ussnri District, near Nachodka Pay.
87(1. D. echo spec. nov.
(?. Pectus fuscous grey, edged crimson ; legs white, fore-coxae crimson-scarlet ;
palpi fuscous, head and thorax white ; antennae white above, fnscons below ;
abdomen white with blackish rings and two lateral rows of black spots on cai:h
( 123 )
side. Forewing white, tliven Mark doU on costa, numerous minute lilack twin
dots on veins. Hiudwing wliite, a gveyisli blaelv stigma and a grey dot near
tornus.
9. Similar, but fore-coxae orange; antennae blacic. Forewing with five
bliu k spots on costa ; no twin dots, but one black dot on median vein, one on each
side of vein G, and two above and one below vein 1 ; a marginal row of black duts.
Hindwing with large black stigma and five or six snbmarginal spots. Abdomen
has basal segment white and anal segment half black half white, rest orange with
broad transverse black bands.
Length of forewing : c?, 24 mm. ; ? , 3(1 mm.
Ilab. ? (labelled Asia ! ex Meyer coll.).
87 1. D. purum (Leech).
IS (J-J, 3 9? West China.
ST2a. D. robustum haiuana subspec. nov.
These Hainan specimens appear considerably smaller than typical West Chinese
examples, and have crimson, not orange, abdomens.
Hab. 3 cJ;J, 3 ? ? Chengmai, Hainan, July 1902 ; 1 <S Hainan.
872b. D. robustum tsingtauana subspec. nov.
rtiffers from /■. rohiistum in being much smaller and almost pure white, with
a very brilliant crimson abdomen.
Ihib. Tsingtau, N.E. China.
872c. D. robustum subsji.
1 ? Amur (H. J. Elwes coll.).
873. D. virginica (Fabr.).
3 cJ<?, 2 ?? Canada; 8 cJ<J Denver, Colorado (E. J. Oslar) ; 2 J cj Halifax,
Nova Scotia; 5 <?o, 1 ? Texas ; 7 (J cj Larima, Colorado, 5000 ft., July LSOl ;
3(JcJ, 2???;2c?o Kaslo, British Columbia ; 4 (?<?, G ? ? Iowa, August 1898 ;
1 <J,2 ?9 North America; 1 S Wisconsin, North America; 1 (J, 2 9? Montreal
to Quebec (Orapes) ; 4 9 9 Rhode Ishiml (Felder coll.) ; 1 <S Florida ; 1 S North
America, 1 9 New York, 1 9 New Hampshire (Meyer coll.) ; 1 9 Monacknock,
New Hampshire (F. Birch) ; 1 <?, bred from a cocoon collected in Vancouver,
liritish Columbia; 1 3,2 9 9, West Point, banks of the Hudson River, North
America (Lant coll.) ; 1 <J, 1 9 Keith Road, North Vancouver, British Columbia,
May Hiu2 (N. Charles Rothschild); 1 cJ Long Island; 1 o New Westminster,
British Columbia (A. D. Jones) ; 2 larvae.
874. D. punctaria (Stoll).
1 cJ Tokio, Japan, 189n, 1 6 Ishikishiri, Yezo, June IS'.ti) (Dr. Fritze) ;
3 J (J, 1 9 Hakodate, Japan, June and July 1887 (native collectors) ; 17 cJcJ, 2 9 9
Japan ; A <S 3 (Jensan, Corea, July 1887 (J. H. Leech coll.) ; 2 9 ? Japan (H. Pryor
coll.); 1 9 Tsurnga, July 18S7 (J. H. Leech coll.); Nagasaki, Japan, June 18SG
( 1-^-1 )
r.J. H. Lepch cull.); 1 0,2 ?9 Yokohama, Japan. April— July ls08; 1 <? Amnr
(Gronm-Grschmailo coll.) ; 1 <S Japan (H. Pryer); 1 <S Amur (H. J. Elwes coll.) ;
1 ? Tokio, 1890 (Dr. Fritze).
87.5. D. erythrozona fKoll.).
1 ^ Knniann, North-West India, September 1SS2 (J. (J Pilcher) ; In <? <J
Dalhousio. Iiuiia. May— July 1891 ; 1 ^ ? ; 2 o' <J ? (Felder coll.); 3 cJ o Kaslirair
Valley, TOOO ft., Jnly 10(i3 (Colonel Ward) ; 1 ? Knln District, North-West India ;
1 3 Mnssorie (S. Eobson) ; 1 tJ Dras, Kashmir, June 1887 (J. H. Leech coll.) ;
1 tJ, 1 ? Srinagar, Kashmir, TOOO ft. (Colonel Ward); 1 S Chnmba, Angnst Is'.il
(H. J. Elwes coll.); 1 rl Kaslimir, June 1882; 1 cJ Jonamnry, .Inly ls.s2 (Johnstone)
(H. J. Elwes. coll.).
870. D. erythrastis (Meyr.).
2 d'c? North Queensland ; 1 ? Cooktown, Queensland.
877. D. euproctina (Anriv.).
3 <?^ Weenan, Natal ; 1 ? Batt, Benguella, S. Angola, November 29, 190.5,
1 ? Angola (Dr. Ansorge) ; 1 ? Cunene, Angola, February 1, ]0n2 (Herbert
Pemberton) ; 1 <S Mpwapwa, German East Africa; 1 ? Kilwa, German East
Africa, March 28, 1900 (Reimer).
878. D. felderi spec. nov.
?. Pectus white; antennae fnscous ; head and thorax wliite ; abdomen scarlet,
a dorsnl line of large 1)lack spots, anal fringe white. Forewing wliite, a subliasal
and a pretornal black dot on vein 1 , an anteraedian and ]iostniedian similar one on
median vein. Hindwing white, a brown stigma at end of cell.
Length of forewing : 19 mm.
II(d. Kotegurh, N. India (Stoliczka.. ex Felder coll.).
1 ?.
879. D. urticae (Esp.).
10<?<?, 8?? Great Britain; 3cJJ, 1 ? Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire (N.
diaries Rothschild); 4 ??? (Felder coll.) ; 1 (J, 1 ? Germany (Bnchecker coll.) :
2(J<J, 4 ?? Crinimitschau, May 1S9S (Th. W;igner) ; 1 "? Wiesbaden; 1 ?
Liebenau, Bohemia, 4(iii m., May 15, 1.S9G (Eniil Gradl); 3 ?? ?; \ 6 Kronstadt,
Transylvania ; 1 ? Miirmarosszuget, Transylvania (Farkas Sandor) ; 2 ? ? St. Peters-
burg (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.); 3 larvae (1 Britisli).
880. D. lubricipeda lubricipeda (Linn.).
10 <JcJ, 7 ? ? Great Britain ; 11 cJ(J, 0 ? ? Tring, Hertfordsliire, June 1895 —
Jnne lOijs (Arthur (ioodson); 1 ij Rila Mill, Callington, Cornwall, June 5, 1905
(Dr. K, Jordan); 2 larvae; S3S Lnchon, July 1905 and August 1900; 7 3S,
4 ?? Cauterets, July lOOo and 1900, French Pyrenees (Walter Rothschild and
Ernst Hartert); 4<J(J, 1 $ Lieben.au, Bohemia, Jnne and Jnly I'.tOT— lOiiS (Eniil
Gradl); 1 cJ Germany (Buchecker coll.); 1 S Tarasp, Engadine, Switzerland,
July 10, 1902 (Walter Rothschild * Ernst Hartert); 4 J 3, 1 ?? (Fehler coll.);
( 125 )
2 (J(?, 1 9 St. Petersbur;;, 1 i Podolia (Groiim-Grsclimailo coll.); o cJ <? Criin-
luitschau, May WM (Tb. Wagner) ; 2 9 9 Wiesbaden ; I S Eutrevau.x, Department
of Var, France, August 1903 (H. Powell); 1 3 Kronstadt, Transylvania; 1 o
Sickeborg, Denmark, Jnly G, 1907; 1 6 Hojelse, Denmark, June 15, 11J03.
SstiA. D. lubricipeda sangaica Walk.
10 cJ <J , 7 9 9 Japan ; 2 o o , 3 o o Yokohama, Japan, Angnst 1806— July 180S ;
1 <?, 1 9 Japan (H. Prycr coll.); 3cJ(J Hokodate, Japan. June— Jnly 1886—1887
(1 Andrews, 2 native collectors); 1 o Asaraayama ; \S, 1 9 Yokohama, April
1869; 1 J, 2 99 Tokio, March l-syo— May IS'-H, Japan (Dr. Frilzi) ; 1 iJ, 1 9
Ta-tsieu-ln, 1 9 Omei-shan, West China; 1 o Amdo (Gronm-Gr.-,chmailo coll.);
1 <J Japan (H. Prycr) (H. J. Elwes coll.).
SNl. D. lewisi 'Butl).
3 <J (J Yokohama, Japan.
8s2. D. irregularis sjiec. nov.
3. Pectus grey ; legs grey, coxae crim.sou ; palpi grey, frons grey, rest of head
white ; antennae grey ; tegulae white with large grey central patches ; patagia grey
with white margins ; thorax grey ; first segment of abdomen white, rest of abdomen
crimson with broad black transverse bars. Forewing white, basal fourth with
several irregular partly joined grey spots, a broad irregular antemedian and a
similar postmedian transverse grey band, an irregular marginal and submargiual
band of grey spots. Hindwing white, a large grey discocellular stigma and a
broad submargiual grey band.
9. Similar, but larger, abdomen pale rose and grey patches, and bauds ou
forewing more irregular.
Length of forewing : o 24 mm., 9 29 mm.
Hab. Ichang, West China.
1 (J, 1 9.
883. D. aspersa (Mab.).
2<J(J,9 99 Madagascar; 2 cJ o Sirabe to Imerina, Madagascar (Rev. AVills) ;
2 cJ(J, 1 9 Sirabe, North Betsileo, Mivdagascar ; 1 o, 2 9? Morondava,
Madagascar.
8b4. D. spectabilis spectabilis (Tausch).
3(J<J, 3 99 Uralsk, August lOOo (M. Eartel) ; i 6 <S , 1 9 ? ; 5 (J cJ, 1 9?;
2 larvae (Groum-Grschmailo coll., 2 labelled Sarejita).
?<84a. D. spectabilis annellata (Christ.).
1 ^ The Defile of Turgan Aksu, Tiau-shan, August 12, 1903 (Kutsenko); 4 o o
Merv ; 2 <J cJ Aidere (Eyandt), 1 <J Province of Transcaspia (Groum-Grschmailo
coll.) : 1 o Ganden, Aschabad, Kopet Dagh.
S8.J. D. unifascia (Walk.).
2 9 9 Simla, X.W. India, May l.s>0 ; 2 o o Sabathu, Simla ; 2 (J <J, 4 9 9 Kulu
District, N.AV. India; 1 (J Kangra (Hocking), 1 9 Kussowlee, N.W. Himalayas
(H. J. Elwes coll.); A i a , i 4 Kussowlee, August 1893; 1 9 Murree, India; 2 o o
Dalhousie, India.
( 126 )
880. D. chionea Hmpsn.
4 ?? Weeneii, Natal, Decemboi- 1S',(3— Febniarj 1S04 ; 1 <S Shilonvario,
Transvaal, November VM2 (H. Junod) ; 1 S Caiihoca, Angola (Dr. Ansorge).
s8T. D. metaleuca Hmpsn.
3 (J cJ Ogrngn, Niger, 'West Africa.
888. D. scortillum fWllgrn.).
1 (J Boi)oto, Coiigii (Forfeit) ; -^ 3 S Warn, Niger, West Africa, September 1 807
(Dr. Holli); 2 <J^ Agberri, Niger, August lOiil (Dr. Ansorge); 1 ? Traiiskei, Cape
Colony (Miss Barrett); I o" Weenen, Natal, October Is'U; 3 cJ o Mooi Kiver,
Natal.
The three Mooi River si)ecimeiis are very large, and have bright yellow fore-
wings, the Niger sjieciraens are small and very white, but the Bopoto and Weenan
examples are intermediate.
880. D. curvilinea (Walk.).
1 o Lagos, West Africa; 1 J, G ?? Ugrugu, Niger, West Africa; 3o^(J
Kampala, Uganda, dry season, January 1897 (Dr. Ansorge); 1 cj, 2 ?? Entebbe,
Uganda, November ]'.Mi-,> (Capt. Rattray); 2 c? <J Entebbe, Uganda (F. J. Jackson);
1 Q Yakusu, Upper Congo i;Kenred Smith); 1 ? Stanley Pool to Lukolele, 1804
(Harrison); 2 ?? Akassa, 1 cJ Assaba, River Niger (Dr. Cross); 1 ? Wakibara,
Unyoro, July 23, 1897 (Dr. Ansorge) ; 1 3 Luebo, Kasai, River Congo (P. Landbeck) ;
1 6 Port Alice, Uganda, January 1807, dry season (Dr. Ansorge); 1 ? Gamliaga,
Gold Coast (Dr. Bury); 1 <J Masindi. July 2^, 1897 (Dr. Ansorge); 1 ? Moyamba,
Sierra Leone (D. Cator) ; 2 ? ? Bopoto, Upper Congo (K. Smith, and Stapleton).
89ii. D. biitti spec. nov.
6. Nearly allied to curcilinca, but owing to only having two transverse black
lines at tirst sight resembles eugraphica (Walk.).
Pectus and head bnflf ; antennae black ; tegulae buff, edged with orange ;
thora.K and patagiajjrowuish buff; abdomen banded orange and black. Forewing
cream buff, antemedian and jjostniedian zigzag deep black transverse lines which
join at middle of inner margin. Ilindwing deeper buff yellow, inner area a sooty
stigma in cell.
Length of forewing : 18 mm.
Ilab. Foot of Nieuwveld Mts., 5 miles N.W. of Beaufort We.st (Mrs Butt)
891. D. buryi spec. nov.
<J. Also allied to curnline.a.
Pectus orange; legs orange and black; palpi and head orange; antennae
black ; tegulae white, margined with deep orange ; thorax white ; abdomen orange ;
a dorsid and two lateral rows of black spots. Forewing i)urc silky white ; costa
to termen orange; antemedian and jHistmedian transverse black lines, the latter
interrupted at discocellulars, and a black dot on costa in between. Hindwing
semihyaliue white, a tiny stigma in cell, and dot on inner area black.
( 127 )
?. Similar, Init much larger.
Lcugtli of forewiiig : cJ 1'5 mm. ; ? 23 lum.
liab. Gambaga, Gold (,'oast (Dr. Burv).
1 <?, 1 ?.
892. D. affiuis spec. nov.
6 . Allied to buri/i liotliscli., but at once distinguished by the absence of the
orange cosia and the transverse black lines. There are four black dots im costa
and two between the median vein and vein 1, one-fourth from base.
Ilab. Lokoja, Niger, llainy season, October 19U4 (D. Oator).
1 a.
^'•»o. D. fuscovenata Uartel.
a cJ o Mpuaima (Dr. Ba.xterJ; 1 o Kilwa, Jannary 0, I'JUO, German East
Africa (Reimer).
894. D. aurantiaca (Holl.).
4 (J (J Yakiisu, Upper Congo, May— July lOitO (Kenred Smith); 1 ? Warri,
May 2, 1890 (Dr. Roth) ; 1 ? Ogruga, Niger ; 1 ? Assaba, Lower Niger (Dr. Cross) ;
1 ? Sekondi, Gold Coast (N. T. Hamlyn) ; 1 ? Calabar (Lyon) ; 1 ? Luebo, Kassai
River (P. Landbeck) ; 1 ? Lagos, West Africa ; 1 ? Benin City, Niger, December
27, 1899 (Dr. Ansorge); 1 ? Wassan District, 4-3 miles inland from Sekondi, Gold
Coast.
N9.J. D. bifurca (Walk.).
1 S Sierra Leone (Major Bambridge) ; '13 3 \Vassau District, 45 miles inland
from Sekondi, Gold Coast.
890. D. rava (Druce).
1 o Ugowe River ; 1 V Lake Azingo, Gaboon, December I9ii7 ; 1 ? Lake
Asebbe, Feruan-Vas, Gaboon, February 19U8 (Dr. Ansorge).
897. D. maculosa (Stoll).
1 o , 1 5: Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Ansorge) ; 1 3 Accra, Gold Coast ; 1 9
Lagos, West Africa; 3 cJ(J, 5 ?? Sierra Leone (Dr. Clements, 1892; Mitford,
ll:<96 ; H. A. Thorne) ; 1 ? Lokoja, Niger, rainy season, October 1904 ; 1 (J, 1 ?
Muyamba, Sierra Leone, May 1904 (D. Cator) ; 11 (JcJ, 14 $ ? Warri, Niger Coast
rrotectorate, July 1890— December Ls97 (Dr. Roth); 0 33, 3 ?? Entebbe,
Uganda (F. .J. Jackson ; Capt. Rattray, October l'.)Oi), and February— July 1902) ;
•Z 3 3 Mpnapua, German East Africa (Dr. Baxter); 3 cJJ, 3 ?? Ogrngu, Niger;
1 ? Budonga, Uganda, February 1902 ((Japtaiu Rattray) ; 1 o Masindi, December
27, 1897 (Dr. Ansorge); h 33, 2 ?$ Kampala, Uganda (Dr. Ansorge, March
1897; Captain Rattray, January, February— October 1900); 1 $ Wassan District,
45 miles inland from Sekondi, Gold Coast ; 1 o, 1 ? Canhoca, Angola, December
10, 1903 (Dr. Ansorge) ; 3 3 3 Vaku.sn, Uiiper Congo, June — August looo (Kenred
Smith) : 1 cj, 1 ? Moyambe, Sierra Leone, June 1, 1'.I02, May 2, l'.)03 (D. Cator) ;
2 ? ? , \ 3 Kassai District, Congo Free State (Taymans) ; 1 ? Liberia ; 2 ? ?
Luebo, Kassai, October 1903 (P. Landbeck) ; 3 ?? Bathurst ; 3 33, 1 ? Loanda
(Welwilsch e.\ coll. Felder; ; 1 ¥ Casamauce, Senegambia (Laglaize) ; 2 tJtJ, 1 ^
( 128 ;
Bitye, Ja Kiver, L'OCm ft. ; 1 ?, 2 <?<? Ja Uiver, Camerooiis (G. L. Hates); 1 ?
Ugowe KivLT ; 1 ? Bukaba, December 15, Isuo ; 2 <J.^, 2 ?? South Africa!;
1 ? Congo Kiver (Holmaii Bentley) ; 1 (J, 1 9 Anambara (Jreek, Uiver Niger;
'2 S S, 1 ? Assaba, Niger (Dr. Cross) ; 2 ? ? 7 miles back of .Sekoudi, Gold Coast
(W. Kirk) ; 1 ? Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast ; 1 ? Sekoiuli, Gold Coast (N. T.
Hamlyii) ; 1 ? Bojwto, Congo (Forfeit) ; 1 $ Lagos, West Africa ; 1 ? Beuiii (Jity,
Niger, Jannary 4, lOun (Ur. Ansorge) ; 1 o Bopoto, Upper tJougo. 18'.I8 (Uev.
Keared Smith); 1 V Degama, Niger (Dr. Ansorge); 1 J Uganda (F. J. Jackson).
S'JS. D. pardaliua fpfc. nov.
?. Allied to murtdosa, but apparently (|iiite distinct.
Pectus orange, with grey centre ; legs black, with orange rings ; ijaljii orange,
with half second joint and third joint black ; antennae black ; head creamy buff,
washed with grey ; tegulae, basal half creamy bnff, anterior half grey ; thorax grey
mixed with jjale bnff; patagia creamy buff, with grey centre ; abdomen orange,
with dorsal and lateral rows of large black patches. Forewing creamy bnff, with
six irregular broad zigzag transverse bands bordered with very narrow black lines,
and a marginal row of black-edged grey blotches. Hindwing semihyaline bnff,
inner area buffy orange, a cellular stigma, three costal spots, a large patch between
veins o and 6 and another from fornus to vein 4 brownish grey, a narrow sub-
marginal line black.
cJ. Similar, but hindwing whiter and unspotted.
Length of forewing: cJ 10 mm. ; ? 24 mm.
Hub. Victoria Nyanza region (Ukerewe, Masiudi, etc.).
1 <?, 0 ??.
899. D. schraderi spec. imv.
¥ . Also allied to maculosa.
Pectus orange ; legs black, ringed with orange ; head cream-colour ; thorax
cream-colour ; tegulae and patagia with central black spot ; abdomen yellow, with
central, dorsal, and lateral rows of black spots. Forewing cream-colour, with
numerous small and large scattered grey patches edged with black. Hindwing
yellow with cellular stigma, subtermiiial spot, a spot at tornus, a ]iatch between
veins 2 and 4, and one on vein G brownish black.
<J. Similar, but hindwing almost spotless and semihyaline buff.
Length of forewing : c? 1 ',i mm. ; ? 22 mm.
llab. Erythraea.
2 o o, 2 $ ¥ (Type ? Salomona, November — December 1897 (Schrader)).
'Jiio. D. mhondana Barlel.
1 (J Mohoroni, Nandi, July I'JOS (F. J. Jackson) ; 1 ? Entebbe, Uganda
(F. J. Jackson) ; 2 (J cJ Bihe, Angola (Edward Sanders) ; 4 $ ? Kampala, Uganda
(Capt. Kattray, February— May I'.iOo ; Dr. Ansorge, January 25—30, 18!I7) ;
1 ? Lucalla, Angola (G. R. Murrain); 1 ? Yakusu, Upjter Congo, July 190U
(Rev. Keured Smith); 1 $ North Bailnudu, Angola, September 1901 (Pemberton);
1 ? Masindi, May 19, 1897 (Dr. Ansorge); 1 ? Ukerewe, Victoria Nyanza; 1 ?
Zomba, Upper Shire River, 3000 ft. (Dr. Percy Rendall) ; 1 ? Pemba Island, 1904
(E. Morland) ; 1 V Dar-es-Salaam, 1 + Itumba, German East x\.frica ; 1 ? Likoma,
( 1^9 ;
Lake Nyassa, Jiiiip 1, 1890 (Diittoii) : 1 ? Jlombasa, January 5, 1809 CDr.
Ausorge) ; 1 9 Anambara Creek, Niger Hiver, West Africa. This and the next
species are liuife distinct from maculosa and jiardalina.
9iil. D. investigatorum (Karsch).
4 o(? Kaniiiahi, Uganda, JIarcli — July l90ij (Capt. Rattray); 4 oo Entebbe,
Tgaiida (('apt. Kattray, July 1900; F. J. Jackson); 1 <? Ciinene, Angola,
March 9, lOO:.' (II. I'emberton); :> ?$ Miiuapna, German East Africa (Dr.
Baxter); 1, Mriili, Unyoro, May 19, IsiC (Dr. Ansorge) ; 1 ? Canhoca (Dr.
Ansorge) ; ^; cJ o I'ihe, Angola (Kilward Sanders); 1 S Kilwa, 1 S Dar-es-Salaam,
(ierman East Africa (Ueimer) ; 1 <J Nairobi to Mount Kenia ; 1 ? Ogrugn, Niger ;
I S Escarpment, Uganda Trotectorate, 6000—9000 ft., March— April 1001, 1 ?
ditto bred (VV. Doherty) ; ■,'???; 1 ? Kurasini, Dar-es-Salaam, March 1907;
■2SS Nairobi, March 1905 (F. J. Jackson).
002. D. rattrayi spec. nov.
9 . Pectus orange ; legs butf, blackish and orange on inside ; head buff ;
antennae brown ; tegulae buff with orange inner margins and a black dot on
each ; patagia buff with two black dots on each ; thorax sooty grey with buff
hairs intermixed ; abdomen deep orange banded on each segment with a wide
black band. Forewing buffy yellow, marked all over with indistinct grey
scattered spots. Hindwiug semihj-aline huffish orange.
<J. Similar, bnt paler.
Length of forewing : <J 10 mm. ; 9 24 luui.
JIab. Entebbe, Uganda (9, Type, Cajit. Kattray, October lOoO ; F. J.
Jackson).
1 (J, 1 9.
003. D. procera (Swinhoe).
1 <J Mount Talang, Padang Boveulaudeu, West Sumatra ; 1 9 Pulo Nias
(Dr. Fehr) ; 1 9 Lahago, Nias.
004. D. subfascia (Walk.).
0 (J (J, 2 9? Ceylon (1 6 Green, December 1893). 2 <J<? Diyatalawa Camp,
(Jeylon, 42(J0 ft., October— December 1901 (Findlay) ; 6 <J<J, 1 9 Pundaloya,
(V'ylon, June 1897— October 1808 ; 2 o" <?, 4 9 9 Ceylon (Felder coll.) ; 1 (J Ceylon
(H. J. Elwes coll.).
90."). D. melanostigma (Ersch.).
1 6 ? (Felder coll.); 1 6 iSikkmi (Otto MuUer) ; 'i i S Naga Hills, Assam,
45un_7i)00 ft., September— October 1889 (W. Doherty) (H. J. Elwes coll.).
000. D. punctata (Moore).
1 <J Belganm, October 1806 ; 2 cJ >J iPennngah, N.E. Borneo, December 29, 1893 ;
1 (J, 1 9? (tJ ex Felder coll.): 1 3 Java; 1 ij, 1 9 Buitenzorg, Java [S Bogor ;
9 Felder cull.); 1 J Bali (W. Doherty) ; 1 tJ Engano, Sejitember 1800 (W. Doherty).
There are probably three if not four subspecies here, bnt the species is too
variable to be able to decide withont a much larger material.
9
( i-"o )
'.HIT. D. species ?
2 $ $ Ootacamniiil, Nili^iiis.
These iire very dilt'ui-eut tVoiu oue auothei-, and I cauiiot tliiuk they are
punctata.
^i^)i<. D. fuscitincta Hmpsii.
4 o3 South Java, loOO ft., ISOI (II. Friihstorler) ; 3 <J o" West Java, 18',)2;
1 o Moniit Arjiiiio, Java (W. Doherty) ; 1 o Java; 1 o Teiiinaleiigan, Proaiiger
Resitloiicy, Java; 1 <? Uniteuzorg, Java, August 5, I'JOi; 1 ? DJL'iuber, Besoeki
Residency, Java, l:iUU— 20U0 ft., IS'Jl (Mr.Ilinger).
'jnii. D. mona (Swiuhoe).
I ? Malabar Hill, Bombay, September 2o, 18'J8.
'•10. D. testacea (Walk.).
II (5 J, 1 '? Natal (10 S3 A. J. Spiller ; ? Felder coll.) ; 1 o Howick, Natal,
October IS'Jl ; 1 cJ, 1 ? Kuysua, Cape Colony ($ Felder coll.); 1 ? Transkei,
Cape tJolouy (Miss Barrett) ; 1 S Victoria, Natal, February 1S67 (Felder coll.).
Oil. D. species.
This is a very distinct new species, bnt the single sjiecimcn is much rubbed,
so I do not venture to describe it.
1 <S Batavia, Java, IS'JT (H. Fruhstort'er).
'.)l-i. D. sparsipunctata Hmpsn.
1 <J Madagascar ; 1 ? Aiitanambc, Autongil Bay, Bladagascar, March — Ajiril
IS'JT (A. Mocquerys).
'.ii;>. D. scioana scioana (Oberth.).
7 S6 Nairobe to Blount Kenia; ~ <J(J, 1 ? Blamba, Kilimandjam, Marcli —
October 18'.)7; 1 <S Lcikipia, British East Africa, June \W& (II. J. Jackson); 1 o
Uganda (F. J. Jackson).
01 3a. D. scioana intensa subspec. nov.
cj. Generally less densely spotted than scioana licioanu.
?. Has forewing rufous brown instead of orange, and the hindwing cinnamon
buff, not pale yellow.
Hah. x\ngola (Bihi', Chisamba, Bihe, Cambo ('a(iuenje, Bilie, antl I'edreira, Bihe
(I'emberton, October I'.hiI ; Dr. Ansorge, October— November i'.M)4)).
4 66, 1 ?.
'•U4. D. obliquivitta (Moore).
2 6 6 Mao, Manipur, 50<JU— 70(Ji) ft. (W. Doherty) •,266 Darjeeliug, 7500 ft.,
May— June ISSO, and 1 <J, 1 ? Sikkim (A. V. Knyvett) (H. J. Elwes coll.);
2 6 6, 1 ? Darjeeling, 2 66 Sikkim, March— July 1889 (J. ti. Pilchcr coll.); 1 6
Darjeeling (Dr. Lidderdale) ; 1 (JjBhutan ; 2 ? ? Khasis, October 1894 — April 1890
(native collectors); 1 6 Darjeeling (F. Mollerj.
( 131 )
Ol."). D. inconspicua spec. nov.
<J. Pectus oraui,'e ; jKilpi aud antennae black; head dark bnff ; thorax btifi* ;
teguUie witli large bhick dot, patagia with small black dot ; abdomen pale orange,
a, central dorsal row of black spots. Forewing creamy buff; a black spot on
costa one-si.\th from base ; a black streak on costa reaching into cell, a similar
streak beyond cell reaching from costa to vein 7 ; some irregular black striae
lietween veins 8 and 4 near margin ; a black dot below the costal one on vein 3 ;
three minute ones, two above and one below vein 2 ; five black spots, three above
and two below vein 1. Hindwing butfy yellow with cellular brownish stigma.
Length of forewing: 17 mm.
JIab. Zomba, Upper Shire Kiver, 3u0<) ft,, October — December IDOo ; Mikin-
dani, January — May 1895 ; Kilwa, German East Africa, June lOtiU (Reimer) ;
Mpuapua, German East Africa : Canhoca, Angola (Dr. Ansorge).
0 3 6.
916. D. lutea lutea (lllifn.).
33 <?cJ, 24 ? ? Great Britain ; 1 <J Niton, Isle of Wight, June 13, ]'.103; 1 o^
Brighton, Sussex, May 2o, 18'.t8; 12 3<S, 13 ? ? Tring, Hertfordshire, May 1898-
June 1906 (A. F. Goodson). The following are all aberrations : intermedia,
zatiina, and desckaiigei : 2 (? o Great Britain; 2 <JcJ, 3 9? Pounds, Yorkshire
(Tngwell) ; 3 cJcJ Lincolnshire Coast, May 1898 (Raynor) ; 1 <J, 1 ? Folkestone;
3 <J<J, 8 ?? Skelmanthorpe, Huddersfield, 1902 (B. Morley) ; 2 <?<J, 10 ??
Barnsley, 1901—1903 (S. Harrison); 6 larvae; 1 <J, 1 9 Europe; 1 <J, 2 ??
Bern, Switzerland, May 1891; 2 S3, 3 ?$ Crimmitschau, May 1896—1898
(Th. Wagner) ; 2 SS, 5 V ? Liebenau, Bohemia, 460 m., June 1897 — 1908 (Emil
Gradl); 1 ? Berlin, 1 cj Germany (Bachecker coll.) ; 3 cJcJ, 5 ? ? ? (Felder coll.) ;
1 (J Herculesbad, Hnngary, Jnly 12, 1907 (Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert) ;
1 S Fogares ; 1 cJ, 1 ? Marmarosszuget, Transylvania (Farkos Sandor) ; 4 (JcJ,
2 ?? Luchon ; 1 cJ, o ?? Cauterets, French Pyrenees, July 1905—1906 (Walter
Rothschild aud Ernst Hartert) : 1 ? Granada, Andalnsia, Spain (C. Ribbe) ; 1 o ? ;
3 cJ<J, 3 ?$ St. Petersburg (Groum-Grsclimailo coll.); 2 larvae. The following
are ail aberrations, inchuling zatima, intermedia, and deschamjei : 4 3 3, 8 ??
Germany (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.); 1 1 ? ? , 19 ? ? ? ; 3 o (J Berlin; 1 J, 1 9
Heligoland.
916a. D. lutea japonica subspec. uov.
3 9 . Differs from latea lutea in both sexes by generally smaller size and
absence of black spots on the upjierside, except the two on costa aud the two
on each side of vein 1 of forewing.
llab. Yokohama, Japan, -Iidy 1898.
Staudinger aud Rebel place D. panctaria (Stoll) as a subspecies o( lutea. This
is absurd, as it does not belong (o the same section of the genus, being nearer
labricipeda {jmnthrasti).
916b. D. lutea rhodosoma Turati.
1 3 Ficuzza, Sicily, June 8, 19o8.
917. D. pseudomaenas spec. nov.
3. Pectus, head, and thorax orange-butf; antennae white above, grey below ;
basal and anal segments of abdomen orangc-bnff, rest blackish clothed with dense
( 132 )
yellow liiiirs. Forcwing greyish ash-brown, veins white, about oue-tburth from
base a transverse ihirkcr shade. Hinihving greyish wliite, an indistiiiet brown-
grey snbmarginal band.
Length of Ibrewiiig : loiuiu.
llah. Khasis, June Ib'Jo (native collectors).
1 o\
'•il>. D. pilosa spec. nov.
S. Pettns buff ; paljii black; head and thorax orange; abdomen orange.
Forewing orange-butt'. liinJwing yellowish buff.
?. Larger; pale bully yellow, with dorsal and lateral row.s of black duts on
abdomen.
Length (if forewing : i? IT mm. ; V ~~ mm.
Ilab. Khasis, September ISO.j (native collectors).
1 S.
'•HO. D. kannegieteri spec mi v.
?. Pectus grey ; head and thorax biiiF; abdomen banded black aud orange.
Forewing orange-buff, a broad antcmedian and ])ostuiedian sinuous transverse
band of brown-grey, and a sj)ot of same colour between. -lliudwiiig orange-
buff, a minute cellular stigma and a short band of brown iietween veins ■,' and .").
Length of forewing: 'JO mm.
Hub. Hili Madjedja. North Nias, September — December lS'.»o (L. Z. Kaune-
gieter).
1 ?.
'.I2U. D. flavens (Moore).
1 0% H 9? vSikkim (Mandelli) (Felder coll.); 3 ?? Sikkim, 4(inii_:MUii ft.
(Utto Moller) (H. J. Flwes coll.); 1 ? Merkara, October VMi.
'•(21. D. flavalis (Moore).
0 (JcJ Bhutan (1 J. G. Pilcher, June 4, 1.^SU); \-> cJo", 1 ? (Sikkim, Tniiu ft.
(H. J. Ehves, August ll^t>6 ; A. V. Knyvett ; Otto Moller, September ISSS-U)
(H. J.Ehvescoll.); 1 o Darjeeling ; 1 *?; 3 cJ<J Darjeeling, July ISSO (H. J. Elwes)
(Elwes coll.).
9,",'. D. rubitincta Moore.
7 (5 0,1 ? Sikkim, Timki ft. (Otto Moller, September ISs^; A. V. Knyvett)
(H. J. Elwes coll.); ■> S S , 1 ? Sikkim, May ISS'J, 3 6 3 Bhutan, July 1889
(J. G. Pilcher;; 4 cJcJ, 1 ? Darjeeling (Dr. Lidderdale ; J. (i. Pilcher).
• 123. D. erythrophleps Hmpsn.
1 o Naga Hills, Assam., o.jnn_:iHiii ft., September— October ISSl'l (W.
Doherty, type, 11. J. Elwes coll.).
'.1-4. D. everetti spec. nov.
o. Pectus orange; legs, tarsi black; tibiae and coxae black inside, orange
outside ; antennae black, strongly pectinated ; head and thorax dark buffy orange ;
abdomen dark bulfy orange. Forewing dark bufly orange, two dark brown spots
( 133 )
two-fifths from liase on each side of subcostal vein and one above vein 1, an
elbowed postmedian transverse liand of similar spots from costa to inner margin.
Hind wing bnffy orange.
Length of forewing : lo mm.
I [ah. Sonth Flores, dry season, November ISDII f'A. Everett).
1 3.
925. D. unilinea si)ec. nov.
(J. Peetns ami sides of thorax crimson ; palpi pale crimson, last joint black;
head and thorax creamy white; abdomen jjale crimson, with dorsal row nf blade
dots ; antennae black. Forewing creamy yellowish white, an obliipie, somewhat
broken dark brown band from termen to centre of inner margin. llindwing
pnre white, a cellular stigma, a spot at vein ■">, and an oblique row of spots from
tornus to vein 3 dark brown.
?. Similar, but forewing yellower and the band of spots from tornus of
hindwing absent.
Length of forewing : S 21 mm. ; ? 23 mm.
Hab. Pu-tsu-fong, West China, 9820 ft., .Tnne— July ls90 (native collectors);
Nanchnen, Szechnen, China, July — September.
2 <?<?,!?.
920. D. sparsalis (Walk.).
1 ? Tondano, North Celebes, September— October 1«99.
92T. D, bifasciata (But!.).
3 (3 (J, 3 ?? Japan; 1 ? Central Japan; 1 ? Yokohama, Japan, July 1^89
(Dr. Fritzp).
928. D. comma (Walk.;.
1 ? Knlu District, Xorth-Wcst Lidia.
929. D. seriatopunctata (Motsch.).
."> (?<?, li ? ? Japan ; 2 <Jo , 1 ? Hakodate, Japan. June— Scjitember ]8s(i and
June 188T (J. H. Leech and native collectors); (1 cJiJ, 3 $9 Yokohama, Japan
(1 <J 188(;, Mauley; rest Jnly is'.is) ; 1 -i Oiwake, Japan, 18s7 (H. Fryer coll.);
1 <J Karinyarna, Nippon, July; 1 S Nagasaki, Japan, May lsS6 (J. H. Leech);
1 ? Tesio, Hokkaido, Jajian, jnne 19(il ; 1 ? Pamirs ; 2 o o , 2 ? ? Amur (Groum-
Grschmailo coll.); 1 o Sidemi, Amur, July (Tancre) ; 1 ??; 1 ? Sappero, Yezzo,
Japan, Angnst 28, lS9(i ; ] <J Japan (It. Pryer) ; 1 : Amur ( H. J. Elwes coll.).
9311. D. cauuescens H'ntl.).
2 <?(?,2 ?? Toowoomba, Queensland; 1 + Mackay, Queensland ; 1 o Beech-
worth, Victoria, December 18S7 ; 1 ? Sydney, New South Wales; 1 o, 3 ???
(Felder coll.) ; 1 ? Australia.
931. D. stigmata (Moore).
2 (J (J, 1 ? Darjeeling, T.'iini ft. (H. J. Elwes, July issO; A. V. Knyvett,
May-June ISS'.i); 3 .? ^ Sikkim, TOno ft. (A. V. Knyvett; Otto Blnller, 1889)
(H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 13 <J<J, 1 ? Bhutan (2 cJcJ, 1 ? July 1889, J. G. Pilcher) ;
( 134 )
1 <?, 3 ? 9 Sikkiin, 7000—10,000 ft., Jiiiie— September 1889 (J. G. Pilcher) ; S <J^,
4 ?? Darjeeling(2 <S3, J. G. Pilclier, June IS.si); 5 <J<?,4 ?? Dr. Liddcnlale) ;
3 (JcJ Khasis, Assam, June 1895 (native collectors); 1 J Clnirabi Valley, Thibet ;
2 cJ (J Mount Arizau, Kagi District, Central Formosa, .Inly I'.tos; 4 o o Daijeeliiig-,
Jnly 1880 (H. J. Elwes); 2 o^cj, 2 ?? Sikkim, l.^s'.i (Otto Moller) {tt. J. Elwes
coll.).
932. D. meridionalis spec. nov.
<J. Pectus brownish grey; legs, tarsi black, tibiae and coxae crimson; palpi
crimson ; sides of head lilack, frons and vertex creamy white ; tegnlae creamy
white, patagia black with creamy white borders, thorax black; abdomen crimson
with a dorsal row of black psitches. Forewing creamy white, covered with
a number (25) of large brownish black (jnadrate patclies, which are quite
irregularly i)laced in basal third of wing, but form three irregular and ill-defined
transverse bands in outer two-thirds. Hindwing j)ale bnff, a large brownish
patch in cell, a nearly complete dark brownish submarginal band and a marginal
row of brownish dots.
Length of forewing : 23 mm.
Bab. Parkside, South Australia.
1 <?.
ii33. D. cymbalophoroides sjiec. nov.
(J. In coloration this species is nearest to arctirliroa Druce, but ims strongly
pectinated antennae.
Pectus sooty brown ; legs brown, coxae crimson; palpi blackish brown; head
creamy wliite; antennae brown; tegnlae and patagia black with broad cream
borders; thorax black, cream beneath patagia; abdomen crimson with yellowish
tinge, a ce}itral dorsal black band. Forewing cream, four large black irregular
patches run into wing from costa, the first to beyond median vein, the ont.er two
into cell and on to discocellnlars respectively ; five other large black irregular
patches are on rest of wing. Hindwing pale yellowish salmon, suffused with rose
on inner third, three brownish spots between cell and costa, and two or three
patches between vein 3 and termen.
?. Differs in having the forewing almost entirely black, duly a band above
vein 1 from base to tornus, the outer margin joining the band at tornus, and four
or five s]>ots on costa and between cell and termen are (tream-rolonr. Hindwing
pale crimson, onter half almost covered with large sooty patches.
Length of forewing : S 25 mm. ; ? 30 mm.
Ilab. South Flores, dry season, November 180(1 (A. Fverett) : Sapif, Loiubok,
2000 ft., May-June isiir) (H. Frulistorfer).
1 rj, 1 ¥.
034. D. pseudolutea sjiec. uov.
<J. Looks intermediate between hitm and jfarr/is.
Pectns orange, grey in centre ; legs and antennae black ; palpi orange-buff,
last joint black ; iiead and thorax orange-buff; abdomen orange, a dorsal dot and
last two segments before anal segment, and a lateral row of black spots on each
side. Forewing orange-buft', a convex transverse antemedian row of brownish
spots from inner margin to subcostal vein, rather faint between vein 3 and subcostal,
( 135)
an obli(|ue liantl of varions-sizeil brownish patches from termpn to centre of inner
margin, beyond this three pairs of striae at veins 4, .">, and 0, and a dot on each side
of vein 1 at tornns. -Hindwing orange-bnff, a cellnhxr stigma, a double spof at
vein T), and an obliqne baud of spots from tornns to vein 3 brownish.
Length of forewing : IT mm.
Ildb. Japan.
1 (J.
035. D. leopardina (Koll.).
1 cJ Mnssorie (S. Robson) ; 1 S Knln District, North-West India ; 1 c?, 1 9
Sikkim ((? May 1893, J. G. Pileher) ; 1 ? Knmaon, Jnly 1893 f.I. (i. Piicher) ;
1 ? ?; 3 $ ? ? (Stoliczka, .Taunary LSOT, ex Felder coll.).
936. D. inaequalis (Bntl.).
2 (J(? Japan; 2 <?<?, 2 ?? Yokohama, Japan, June 10, 189S, and Jnly 1889
(Dr. Fritze) ; 1 o Hakone, Japan, August 1886 (Smith).
937. D. obliqua obliqua (Walk-.).
Sir George Hampson has nuited among others nnder olAlqua tiie following :
obliqua (Walk.), todnrn (Moore), iii/dia (Bntl.), mdndarina (Moore), iorii' (Bntl.),
hifdHcia (Hmpsn.). This is certainly wrong, bnt as I have not enough dated
material it is very difficult to decide if some of the forms are or are not seasonal
forms. I therefore have for the moment retained tnilnrd (Moore), mniiddriiid
(Moore), lihfctd (Leech), rfliijiisd (Butl.), and ifinr (Piutl.) as local subspecies of
iihtitiKd : hiftiscid (Hmpsn.) is undonbtedly a good distinct species.
;j (J o' Bhutan (1 September 2, 18S9) (J. G. Piicher); ;■><?<? Sikkim (3 May
1889,2 Moller); 2 cj^, 1 ? Allahabad, North-West India; 12 <?(?, 6 ? ? Darjeeling
(1 S Dr. Lidderdale ; 11 5 6% 6 ? ? F. Muller) ; 2 <? c? Dalhonsie, India, July ls91 ;
1 3 Kurseong, 60ii0 ft. (Charlton) (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 2 ? ? (1 ? ?, 1 S Sikkim,
Mandelli, e.'c Felder coll.); 1 ? Peermaad,Travancore, India ; 1 $ Shilloug, Assam,
September 1S1I3; 1 ? Sevan Valley, India; 1 <?, 1 ? Darjeeling, 1886 (H. J.
Elwes); 2 ?? Sikkim, 4UUii— TOoo ft., IssS (Otto Mrdler) ; 1 cJ, 1 ? Naga Hills,
Assam, 25U0— 8000 ft., June— August 1889 (W. Doherty) ; 2 o cJ, 1 ? Bemardmyo,
Burmah, ii.'jOO— 7UU0 ft., May 189(1 (W. Doherty) (H. J. Elwes roll.).
937a. D. obliqua todara (Moore).
5 (JcJ, 2 9? Nilgiris; 1 (J, 1 9 Ooty (II. J. KIwes cill.).
937b. D. obliqua subspec. ?
u (Jo, 2 9 9 Ootacamund, Nilgiris.
This is (|uite ditferent from the above, but I am not certain enough about it yet
to describe it.
937c. D. obliqua bisecta (Leech).
1 (J, 3 99 Omei-shan, West China; 1 9 Moupin, West China, June 1890
(Kricheldorff); 1 9 Ping-siang, South Kiangsi (Dr. Kreyenberg) ; 1 9 Nanchuen,
South Szechuen, China, Jnly — September.
( 136 )
9370. D. obliqua ione (Biitl.).
1 (J, 1 ? Japan; 3 9? Yokohama, Japan, June -July IsOO; 1 ? Tukio,
Japan, 1891 (Dr. Fritue).
03Ti:. D. obliqua confusa (I'ntl.).
1 (J Bangalore, November (II. J. Ehves coll.).
938. D. bifascia (Ilmpsn.).
1 ^, 3 ?? Calcntta; 2 cJ o' Kliasia Ilill.s; 1 o^'herrapntiji, May 1S93,
Assam; 3 oo Travancnre (Place) ; 1 o Allaliabail, North-West India; 1 ? Solan,
India, Angnst 1890; 2 (? <? Darjeeling (F. Mnller) ; 1 d Bombay; 2 So?
(Felder coll.); 2 ? ? Sikkim, 1000— 4U0i) ft., 1889 (Otto Jlnller) (11. J. Fhves c.ll.).
939. D. casignata (Stoll).
49 <?(?, 10 §? Darjeeling, Sikkim (1 <3 Dr. Lidderdale; C <?,?, June 1889,
Curtis; 44 o3, 10 $?, F. Mullerj; lu S3, 1 ? Sikkim (1 cJ, 1 ? July 1889,
J. G. Pilelier; 0 <? (? May 1889, Curtis; 3 ocj, F. Mailer); 1 <? Khasis, Assam,
June 1895 (native collectors); 8 (?<J Bhntan ; 1 3 Kiu-seyong Hine, 0000 ft.
(Cliarlton) (H. J. Elwes coll.); 1 3 Shillong, Assam, Se])tember 1893; 4 ocJ,
13 ?? Dalliousie, India, 1891 -,233 Mussorie (S. Hobson) ; 3 c?^, 1 ? Sikkim
(Mandelli) (Felder coll.); 2 o <J Darjeeling, Jnne 1»8(J (H. J. Elwes); 1 <? Mongpo
Gammie, Sikkim; 1 <? Sikkim, 7000 ft., August 1880 (H. J. Elwe.s) ; 2 <J o Khasia
Hills, Assam, September 1880, 40ii0 ft. (H. J. Elwes); r, 3 3, 1 ? Naga Hills,
As.<am, 2:>U0— SOOU ft, June— Angnst ls89 (W. Dolicrty) (H. J. Elwes coll.).
9411. D. flaveolum (Lcerh).
1 ? ?
941. D. diplosticha Hmpsn.
2 33 Natal (A. J. SjiilltTj ; 1 + Mpuajma, 1 9 Dar-e.s-Salaam, German East
Africa; 1 <?, 1 ? Pemba Island, June 1904 (E. Morland) ; 1 ? ? (Felder coll.);
1 ? Chipaika Estate, nr. Bandawe, December 19, 1899 (F. Watkinson); 1 ?
and 2 larvae Nguelo, Usambara (Or. Kumuierj; 1 o Oanlioca, Angola (Dr. Ansorg.').
942. D. gopara ( Moore).
4<J<?, 2 ?? Khasis, Assam, March 18'.i4 to October 1n9.j (native collectors);
3 $2 Sikkim (Mandelli) (Felder coll.); 1 cj, 4 $ ? Sikkim, 4 -7(ini( ft. (Olto
Moller); 1 3 Khasia Hills, Assam (native collectors) (II. J. Elwes coll).
943. D. assamensis si)ec. nov.
3. Pectus grey ; legs blackish, coxae crimson; palpi black; aiitrimae blaiik ;
head and thora.x clay buff; abdomen apparently crimson with central dorsal row of
black dots. Forewiug brownish flesh-colour, a black dot above vein 1 and two
pairs of streaks of black on same vein more towards outer margin, an obli(|ne line of
black striae from termcn to sj)ot aliove vein I, and simie irregular ]iatches of similar
ptriae between this line and outer margin.
( 137 )
?. Clay buiT, a cellular brownish gre}' stigma and oblique row of patelies from
toruus to vein 4 on hindwing; abdomen orange.
Length of forewing : <J, 20 mm. ; $,22 mm.
Ilah. Digboi, Assam (L. Brnntj : Kliasis, Assam, May L"^'.i3 (native
collectors).
1 (J, 5 ??.
044. D. albens spec. nov.
?. Legs and antennae black; lioad and tl.orax greyish cream ; abdomen orange
with dorsal black spots. ^Forewing greyi.sh yellowish white, with three transverse
rows, more or less interrupted, of blackish spots. Hindwing similar, but only
with a single snbmarginal row of larger spots and a cellular stigma.
Length of forewing : 22 mm.
Hab. Merkara, Lidia, September 1003 ; Permoad, Travancore.
2 ??.
045. D. subtestacea spec. nov.
(?. Pectns grey ; legs and antennae black ; palpi grey, last joint black ; head
and thorax testaceous buff; abdomen orange, dorsal and lateral rows of black spots.
Forewing testaceous clay buff, three black spots near termen between veins 7
and 8 and three smaller between veins 4 and 0. Hindwing paler, a cellular
stigma, a spot on vein (i and one at tornas and below vein 2 sooty.
Length of forewing : cj 22 — 24 mm.
Hab. Sansako, North Formosa, March 18, 1898 ; Kagi District, Central
Formosa.
2 <J<J.
04C. D. hosei spec. nov.
S. Pectns pale orange ; legs brown ; palpi basal joint pale orange, rest brown;
head and thora.K creamy testaceous : antennae brown ; abdomen yellow, with black
spots on last six segments above. Forewing testaceous, a basal black dot, two
black spots on costa, one at apex of cell, and two pairs on vein 1, one pair near base
and one jiair near tornns, five small snbmarginal blackish striae. -Hindwing
testaceous bnft', a cellular stigma, two patches at tornus and two on each side of
vein 2 sooty brown.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Hub. Monnt Mulu, North Borneo, 1000— 4noii ft. (Charles Hose).
1 cJ.
047. D. javana spec. nov.
<?. Pectns sooty ; legs- brown ; palpi brown ; antennae pale brown ; head and
thorax brownish straw-colour ; abdomen dirty orange, black dots on four central
segments in type absent in others. — -Forewing testaceous cinnamon straw-colour,
with a broken obliipie line of black striae from termen to vein 1, and a similar
snbmarginal one. -Hindwing pale clay bnff, a cellular stigma, a patch at tornns,
and a spot between veins 5 and 0 sooty.
Length of forewing : 21 mm.
Hab. AVest Java.
4 33.
( 138 )
948. D. multiguttata miiltiguttata (Walk.)-
D. miiltiguttata has four very well-marked subspecies.
10 3o,'\ ? Sabatliu, Simla, August 1889; 7o5, 13 ?? Kulii District,
Xorth-West India; (i o 5 Dalhonsie, India; 2 <? <? North-West India; 3<?(J,
2 ?? Allahaliad, North- West India; 2 ???(Felder coll.); 2 ?? Knmaou, .July
1892 (J. (\. Pilcher); 1 <?, 1 ? Mandi, N.W. Himalayas, 3u00— 5000 ft., 1883
(G. Young;) (H. J. Elwes coll.).
948a. D. multiguttata major subsp. nov.
3. Differs from m. midtiguttiila l)y its much larger size, bright orange head
and tegnlae, larger spots on forewing, liright orange hindwing, and large black
patch on anal segment of abdomen.
?. Differs from m. multiguttata liy its very large size, orange head and tegnlae,
less spotted forewing, bright orange hindwing. and large black patch on anal
segment of abdomen.
T ,, ,. n ■ [ multiquttata multiquttata, S 17 mm. ; ? 21 mm.
Length of forewing- ,,.• ,, ^ . , .,- ^ ^
° ^[»iii/t/guttata major <3 2o mm. ; ? 3i) mm.
Hal). Chandkhira, 8ilhet, 4 o cj, 2 ? 9 ; Khasia Hills, Assam, 11 -3 3, 12 ? ?,
1894—1895 (native collectors).
948n. D. multiguttata pallidior subsp. nov.
Differs from )». miiltiijiittatii by its large size and heavily spotted forewing,
and differs from m. major by the white head and tegnlae, the pale li;itt' hindwing,
and the absence of the large patch on anal segment of abdomen.
Ihili. 4 <J(J,2 ?? Bhutan; 1 3, 1 ? Darjeeling, Sikkim ; 7 ?? Sikkim
[1 June 11, 1889 (.1. G. Pilcher) ; li (Mandelli) e.\ Felder coll.]; 3 ? ??; 2 ??
Darjeeling (F. MoUer) ; 1 3 Darjeeling, August l.sS6 (H.J. Elwes); 1 cj, 1 $ Tiota,
Sikkim, July 1886, lOoO ft. i H. .1. Elwes); 1 ? Sikkim, August 28, 1888 (Otto
Midler) (H. J. Elwes coll.).
I have no specimens of 1). w. jiardalina Walk.
949. D. occidens spec. nov.
? . Pectus orange ; head grey ; vertex orange ; tliorax grey ; tegnlae and
patagia edged with orange ; abdomen orange, banded with black. Fore- and
hindwings orangfe.
Length of forewing : 21 mm.
Hab. Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Bury).
950. D. holoxantha Hmpsn.
1 ? Entebbe, Uganda, October P.inl (Captain Hattray).
951. D. madagascariensis (Butl).
1 3 Madagascar; 1 ? Antanauilie, Antonsril Bay. Madagascar, March — April
1897 (A. Moccjuerys).
(139)
952. D. lucida Prnce.
5 ^ (? Eiiteblie (F. J. Jackson) ; 2 S 6 Kampala, Uganda, April 190i) (Captain
Rattray); 1 S Biht- (Edwavd Sanders); I o Nortli Bailandii, Angola, September
10, 1901 (Pemberton); 1 3 Changanme, British East Africa, April 1890; 1 S
Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africa ; 1 <S N/.oia River, Kavirondo, December 10,
1896 (Dr. Ansorge).
953. D. flava (Wllgrn.).
3 (?<?, 2 ?? Natal (A. J. Spiller) ; 1 3 Weenen, Natal, November 1S93 ;
1 ? ? (Felder coll.); 1 3 Caiala, Bihe, Ang-ola, December 1, 1904 (Dr. Ansorge);
12 3 3, 0 ?? Transkei, (Jape C'olony (Miss P.arrett) ; 1 3 BengncUa, Novemlier
1900; 1 ? Talala, Bengnella, December 190."i (Dr. Ansorge); I ? Transkei, ("ape
Colony ( Miss Barrett).
954. D. pulveria Hmpsn.
1 <?, 3 ?? Sapucay, Paraguay, July 1901 (W. Foster); 0 ? ? , 7 c? c? Cindad
de Tiicnman (Dinelli and Manetti) ; 1 cj, 3 ? ? Tiicuman (Baer) ; C 3 3 , 9 ?9
Tucnman (Steinbach) ; 1 <?, 2 ? ? Organ Mts., Tijuco, Brazil ; 1 ? Covcovado ;
1 3 Rio de Janeiro; 1 ? Petropolis ; 2 ?? Salta, Argentina; 1 ^, 3 ? ? Sao
Paulo ; 4 (JcJ, 1 9 Minas Geraes (Kennedy); 1 ¥ Tucnman, April 1902 (Dinelli).
9.'i.'i. D. sulphurea Bartel.
1 3 Masindi, November 10, 1897; 1 3 Katagrnkwa River, Unyoro, April 4,
1897 (Dr. Ansorge) ; 1 3 Uganda ; 1 3 Gambaga, Gold Cloast (Dr. Bury).
956. D. immaculata Bartel.
1 3 Ogrngn, Niger ; 1 3 Natal (A. .7. Spiller) ; 3 ? 9 Yaknsn, Upper Congo,
September 1900 (Rev. Kenred Smith); 1 ? Moyamba, Sierra Leone, May 1903
(D. Cator).
9.")7. D. costata costata (Boisd.).
1 3 New Britain = Nen Pommern ((!otton and Welister) ; 2 33 Mioko,
Dnke of York Island = Nen Lauenbiirg (C. liibbe) ; 1 ? Kinnignnang, New
Britain (('. Ribbe).
957a. D. costata vivida snbspec. nov.
Differs from c. costata by its deeper buffish orange colour, and in the nervures
being much more heavily scaled with black-brown ; it is also larger.
, . - . irostata costata, 3 21 mm. ; 9 27 mm.
Length ot lorewmg^ . . ... , „- n oi ,
° ° [costata r/vim 3 2r> mm. ; 9 31 mm.
Il'ib. Biagi, Manibare River, 5000 ft.. North British New Guinea, March 1900
(A. S. Meek) ; Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, February 19o3(A. S. Meek);
Milne Bay, Sonth-East British New Guinea, January 1S99 (A. S. Meek) ; Fergnsson
Island, D'Entrecasteanx Islands, December 1895 (A. S. Meek).
9 3 3, 3 9 9.
( 140)
/'. latf-ieens, etc.
Uiuler this name Sir George Haniiison has iiichnlcil what I am convinced are
three distinct species— viz, hitescens Walk., mumlaUt A\'alk., and jieidcilUtta Walk.
I give here the ke_v to these three forms :
fGronnd-colour creamv white in both sexes .... mnndata.
' { ,■, „ orange-biitl' „ „ „
/-Forewings with internervnlar grey hands entirely absent in lioth sexes
r, J or barely indicated in the <? liitcscens.
I Forewings with strongly marked iutcrnervular grey bands in botii
'^ sexes peiiirillutii.
0.1.^. D. lutescens (Walk.).
1 3 Ogrnga, 2 c? cJ Warri, Jnne IS07 (iJr. Hotii), '?, <S S Assaba (Dr. (Voss),
1 3 Ognta, October 1.5, lOiil, River Niger, West Africa (Ur. Ansorge) ; 3 (?cJ, 2 ? ?
Sierra Leone, AVest Africa (1 S Major Bainbridge) ; 1 o, I ? Moyamba, Sierra
Leone (D. Oator) ; 3 S3 Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Bury); 1 ? Port Lnkkoh,
Benne River, Snza Country, Nigeria, -Tnly 1809 (('apt. Stevens).
059. D. penicillata (Walk.).
1 ? Moyamba, Sierra Leone (D. Cator) ; 1 ? Akassa, Niger River ; 2 cJo,
2 ?? Bihe, Angola, Octol)er 1901 (H. Pemberton) ; 1 ? Stanley Pool to Lokolele,
Congo, 1894 (Harrison): 4 cj cj Weenen, Natal, December 1893— January 1895;
5 <J(J, 3 ?? Natal (A. ,1. Si)iller) ; 3 <J<J, 3 ?? Dar-es-Salaam, 5 3 3 Kilwa,
German East Africa (IJeinier); 2 o cJ?; 1 <J, 1 ? Pemba Island, 19ii4 (E. Morland):
1 <J, 2 ? ? Shilouvane, Transvaal (H. Jnnod) ; 1 ?? (Mrs. Monteiro, either Angola
or Delagoa Bay); 1 3 Barberton, S.E. Africa (Dr. Percy Kendall); 1 (? Natal
(Stejihens, ex coll. Felder); 1 Tanta or Taveta, British East Africa, May 1891;
1 3 Loanda (Welwitsch, ex coll. Felder); 1 3 Drakensiierg Range, Natal; 1 ?
Likoma, LakeNyassa, A])ril 25, ].s9(3(Dntton) : 1 o Mombasa, 19i.)5 (F. . I. .Jackson).
0(iO. D. rhodesiana Hmpsn.
2 o ^ Entebbe, Uganda, February — Mardi 10(i2 (('a])t. Rattray).
901. D. jacksoui spec nov.
3. Pectus grey; legs grej', coxae orange; antennae blacl; : iiriljii bl.ick, orange
at base; head and thorax mouse-grey, collar and margin of tegnlae rnfons orange;
abdomen briglit rufons orange, a dorsal row of black si)ots. Forewing pale
creamy buff, nervnres bright orange, internervnlar spaces with broail grey liiuids.
Hindwings semihyaline white, fringe and inner area lemon-yellow.
Length of forewing : 22 mm.
Ilab. Nairobi, Britisji East Africa, March and April 10ii5 (F. .T. .Jackson).
8 o cJ. There is also a o in the British Museum.
062. D. mundata (Walk.).
1 o, 1 ? Sierra Leone; 1 o Lagos, West Africa; 2 3 3 Gamboga, (iold Coast
(Dr. Bury); 1 o Abanga River, Gaboon, November 1907 (Dr. Ansorge) ; 1 tj Akassa
to Ouitsha, River Niger (Dr. ( 'ook) ; 1 3 Ivarajiala, February 22, 1897 (Dr. Ansorge).
( HI )
9<j3. D. crossi spec. imv.
o. Pectiis, k'ijs, ami jialpi sooty gi'cy ; auteuiiac brown ; head and thorax pale
testaceous" Inift'-brown ; abdomen similar, but witii a dorsal line of sooty tul'ts.
Fore- and hind wings pale testaceous buff-browu.
Length of fore wing : 10 mm.
llab. Assaba, Niger (Dr. Cross); 'Warri, July Is'.iT (Ur. Hoth) ; Agberri, Niger
River, December I'.MiI (Dr. Ansorgo) ; Bathnrst, West Africa.
4 (JcJ.
'."it. D. scita (Walk.).
2 9? Natal (1 Felder coll.) ; r, 3S Natal (A. J. Spilier) ; 1 o ?; 1 J Durban,
Natal, December I'M)'. (G. F. Leigh).
y05. D. leighi sjiec. nov.
This si)ecimen was sent me by Mr. G. T. Leigh a.s a variety of D.jlava, but I
consider it is distinct.
3. Pectus and legs greyish brown; antennae black; head and thora.x buffy
orange ; abdomen orange, with dorsal row of black spots. Forewiug orange,
nervures leaden blue-grey. Hindwing black, costal outer and inner margins
and basal fifth orange.
Length of forewing :
IIiilj. Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh).
1 <?.
960. D. latiradiata Hmpsn.
2 o (J Bashoe River, Caffraria (Felder coll. j ; 1 ? East rondoland.
90 T. D. bretandiani (Uberth.).
1 o Chumbi Valley, Thibet.
90^. D. perornata (Moore).
2 66 Kashmir Valley, 12,0UU ft., August 24 (Col. Ward).
969. D. purpurata purpurata (Linn.).
6 cJ <J, 2 ? 9 ? (Felder coll.) ; 0 o J , T + + ? ; 1 o Rheingau ; 3 ? $ Wiesbaden ;
1 o North Germany, 3 <J(J, 2 ?$ Saxony, 1 o, 1 ? Zara, Dalniatia (Groum-
Grschmailo coll.); 1 ? Ziiricli, Switzerland (Buehecker coll.); 1 <?, 1 9 Bern,
Switzerland ; 2 9 ? Crimraitschau, June— July l.s90 (Th. 'Wagner); I 3 Kronstadt,
Transylvania; 1 <?, 1 9 Europe! (Meyer collection) ; 19 <?<?, 2 9 9 Digne, Basses
Alpes, June 17—311, 190S (Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan). The following
are aberrations : 1 9 Sarepta (Groum-Grsclunailo coll.), spots on forewing almost
all absent; 3 99 (ierraany (2 Groum-Grschmailo coll.), the forewings with broad
bands of dark brown patches; 19? forewings immaculate, huidwings, base, and
a broad interrupted submarginal band black; 1 o, 1 9 South Germany, hind wings
yellow; 1 6 Yokohama, Japan, July ItSS'.i (Dr. Fritze), very large, spots on
forewing partly obsolete and lavender-grey; 4 larvae.
( 142)
DTii. D. amurensis (Brem.).
3<J(J?; 1 cJ, 1 ?? (Felder coll.); "J 3 6 Amur (Giuuiu-(ii-schm;iilo coll.);
: ■3 6,:l $ ? Gensivn, Corea, July 1887 (J. H. Leach) ; 1 <?, :^ ? ? Japau ; 1 o , 1 ¥
Xiiigpo, China, July 188(5 (native collectors) ; 5 ?? Yokohaiua, Japan (1 Mauley,
188(5; 4 July 18011, Dr. Fritze) ; 7 (J(J, 4 ? ? Assamayauia, July 18U8 : 8 Jo,~' ? ?
Ching-Ping, Central China, May 1889; 2 <J o Ichang ; :.' oo, 3 Jo Chang- Yaug,
West China, July 1888 (A. E. Pratt) ; 2 ? ? Ta-tsieu-lu, West China ; 7 <? cJ, 5 ? ?
Kiukiang, West China, June 1887 (A. E. Pratt) ; 1 3 Anutshino, South Ussuri,
liio km. from Nikulsk, June l'J08 ; '-i 3 <3 Su-Chan, 8outh Ussuri district, near
Xachodka Bay.
H71. D. metalkana (Led.).
0 c?o*, 4 ??? (1 3, 1 ? Felder coll.); 1 (?,3 ?? Hungary (Gronm-Grscli-
mailo coll.) ; 2 <J(J, 2 ? ? Mehadia! ! (O. Werner) ; 2 <?<? Amur (Groum-Grschmailo
coll.) ; 1 o Yez;20, Japan, August 2, liJOS.
'•'7-.'. D. sannio sannio (Linn.).
1 <J, 7 ?? Great Britain; 2 <S o New Forest, July I'jn.j (B. Oliver); .5 S3
Lyndhurst, New Forest, July 10U4 and 10U7 (A. T. Goodson); 4 3 3 Brockenhnrst,
New FVest, June 1906 (H. B. Whithouse); 1 <J, 1 ?? (Sand coll.); 1 (J, 1 ?
Germany (Groum-Grsehniailo eoll.); 1 3 Munich (Buchecker coll.); (i <JiJ, 7 $?
Crimmitschau, July — August 1800 (Tli. Wagner) ; 2 3 3,2 ? ? Liebenau, Bohemia,
July 10117 fKmil GradI); 8 33, 3 9?? (Felder coll.); 1 (J Marmarosszuget,
Transylvania (Farkas Sandor) ; 1 $ Herkulesbad, Hungary, July 17, 19U7 (Walter
liothschild and Ernst Hartert); 3 cjcj, 3 ?? Ziirich, Switzerland (Groum-Grsch-
mailo coll.); 2 (J<J Tasch, near Zermatt, loOo — loou m., August 1907, 1 3
Chateau d'Oe.v, July — August 19U7, Switzerland (Oscar Neumann); 18 3 3,1 ?
Tarasj), Engadiue, Grisons, July 1901 — July 1903 (Walter Rothschild and Ernst
Hartert); 1 3 Upper Val d'Uiua, Grisons, 170(J lu., July 2(i, 10ii3 (Ernst Hartert);
10 o(J, 3 ?$ Campfer, Engadine, Grisons, July 10(i4 (Walter Rothschild and
Karl Jordan); 20 3 3,12 Silvaplana, Engadine, Grisons, June and July 1002 — 1904
(Osirnig) ; 2 ? $ Motta Naluns, Engadine, Grisons, July 23, 1903 (A. T. Goodson);
1 o Engadine, 1897 (Walter Rothschild) ; 1 3 Pralognau, Savoie, 1400 — 1700 m.,
xVugust 21, 9 cJ<J La Grave, Hautes Alpes, July 1908 (Walter Rothschild and
Karl Jordan) ; 5 3 3, 2 ¥9 Cauterets, 2 ?¥ Hospice de France, Luchon, French
Pyrenees, July 1906 (Walter Rothschild and E. Hartert); 2 <?<?, 1 ? Gedre,
Hautes Pyrenees (P. lloudou) ; 1 cJ, 1 ¥ Wiesbaden, Germany ; 1 o Crimmitschau,
June 25, 1898 (Th. Wagner); 4'd 3 3, 1 ? San lldefonso, Segovia, Spain, June-
July 1906 (M. de la Escalera); ij 3 3 Sila Blountains, liotte Donata, Calabria,
1000—1800 m., July 1907 (Oscar Neumann); 1 o, 1 ? Podolia, 1 o Ural (Groum-
Grschmailo coll.).
972a. D. sannio caucasica Stand.
2 33 Majkop, North- West (Jaucasus, May 1902 (Ch. Schaijoschnikoflf).
972b. D. sannio mortua Stand.
1 3 Katta-Karamuk, Siberia (Groum-Grschmailo coll.) ; 1 3 Issyk-kul, 1 3
Bir-Basch, south shore ol' Lake Issyk-knl, July 21 — 24, 1002, I 3 north-eastern
( 143 )
shore of Lake Issyk-knl in iSuminer-house of Mr. Lolisscliakoff, June 26 — 26, 1905
(Kntseiiko); 2 c? <? Sajari, 1 cj, 1 ? Changai, 2 ^J, 2 cJ^ Juklus, 1 3 Urga, 1 ?
Altai, 1 o, 1 tJ Keiitei, Asiatic Russia.
97~c. D. sannio uniformis Bang-Haas.
5 (? cj Aulie Ata, Syr Daria : '2 o 3 Ketinen Tjube, Susamyr Mountains, June — •
July 1906.
9T2i). D. sannio amuri StauJ.
2 S o Eastern Siberia (Grunin-Grschinailu coll.); 1 i5, 1 i Ai)l'elgebirge,
Trausbaicalia, June 1902 ; 1 3 Anutshino, South Ussuri, loii kiu. from Nikolsk,
June 1908.
972e. D. sannio irene Butl.
3 <JcJ Japan; 1 ^, 1 ? Yokohama, Japan, July LsS',) (Dr. Frit^e) : I ?
Asahigama, Hokkaido, Ja])an, July 11—12, 1904 (H. J. Eiwes) (H. J. Elwes
coll.). The type of Butler's ire/ie is an immaculate aberration, but, unfortunately,
it must stand for the Japanese form.
973. D. flammeola (Moore).
1 ? Japan.
974. D. biseriata (Moore).
The type of this species is said to have come from the Audamans, but I believe
the other known specimens have all come from Assam and Silhet.
3 cJcJ, 10 ?? Khasia Hills, Assam, September 1894— October 18'.i(3 (native
collectors) ; 1 ? Ohandkhira, Silhet.
97oA. D. eximia nigrescens subspec nov.
Differs from eximia eximia Swinhoe in the wings being either entirely black
or only red at base and at the a2)e.\ of cell.
Ilab. Khasia Hills, Assam (native collectors) ; Interior of Sikkim (Otto
Mciller).
7 S'S.
970. D. longiramia Hmpsn.
1 ? Dili, Timor, May 1.892 (W. Doherty).
'••77. D. montana montana ((iuer.).
I o Cotype, Nilgiris, July (e.\: Felder coll.).
977a. D. montana brunnea subsj)ec. nov.
Differs from m. montana, in its larger size and in its much paler rufous olive-
brown, not black-brown, ground-colour.
Hah. Sikkim (3 <J <? 7000— lO,0O0 ft., July— October 1889, Otto Mnller ; 3 <J o'
Mandelli, ex Felder coll.); Bhutan (5 <?(?); Darjeeling, Sikkim (1 $ Dr. Lidder-
dale ; 1 (J, 1 $ F. Moller) ; 1 $ Darjeeling, 7500 ft.. May— June 1889 (A. V.
Knyvett) (H. J. Elwes coll.).
II 0^0% 1 ?.
( Ml )
'.'T>. D. albicornis Ilmpsn.
1 o' Ceylon.
'.•T'J. D. mbilinea (Moore).
1-J oo, ;: ?? Bbutan (2 ? ? J. G. I'ilcher, May— July 1889); 42 cj <s% 1 ?
Darjeeliug, Sikkitu (2 3 3 Dr. Lkklerdale; -^ 3 3 J. G. Filcher ; 24 3 3, 1 ?
F. Moller); 4 <Jo, 1 3 Sikkim (2 3 3 Otto Mollcr ; 1 <J, 1 ? 700U— 10,000 ft.,
July — September 1S8U) ; 1 o Khasis, As.sain (native collectors); i 3 3, I ?
Darjeeling, June— July 1886 (H. J. Elwes), 3 3 3 Sikkim, 4000 — TOOO I't. (2 Otto
Jloller, 1 A. V. Kiiyveft); 1 o Beniardmyo, liiirmab, ooOO — TQno ft., IMay 1890
(W. Doberty) (H. J. Elwes coll.).
980. D. neurographa Hmpsu.
1 3 Mount Arizan, Kagi District, Central Formosa, Jnly 1908.
981. D. dinawa B. Baker.
2 o^ Moiiiil Ki'liea, Brilisb New Guinea, :.)(JOii ft., July 19oa (A. E. Pratt);
1 o Upjier Aroa itiver, British New Guinea, Marcb 1903, cotype (A. E. Meek).
'182. D. kebea B. Baker.
.Sir George Hampson has placed this extremely distinct insect, without any
api)arent reason, as an aberration of IK t/inava.
10 3 3,19 Angabnnga Kiver, affluent of the St. Joseph's lliver, from (jiioo ft.
upwards, British New Guinea, November 1904 — February 1905, lO 3 3, 4 ?$
Biagi, Mambare River, 5000 ft., North British New Guinea, March 190(j (A. S.
Meek).
983. D. pratti B. Baker.
1 3 Mount Kebea, British New Guinea, 360(i ft., July 1903, cotype (A. E.
Pratt); 1 o, 1 ? Biagi, Mambare liiver. North British New Guinea, oniiK ft.,
March 190(5 (A. S. Meek).
984. D. meeki spec. nov.
o. Pectus sooty black with orange-red margins ; legs sooty black-l)r(>wn ;
jialpi and sides of frons black, rest of head and thora.\ pale bronzy gall-stone
yellow ; antennae brown ; abdomen salmon-colour with dorsal central dark fuscous
line. Forewing pale bronzy buff with four irregular transverse bands of apricot
orange, the ante- and postmedian oues joined by a longitudinal band of same colour
along the median nervure, a big patch of ajiricot orange at apex of cell. Hind-
wing bronzy buff washed with jiale crimson, a median and postmedian band of
large black blotches, and from apex to vein 4 a submarginal row of five black spots.
¥. Similar but larger, and liindwing salmon crimson.
I have described tlie form of male 1 luive most of, as ty]iioal, but it is a very
variable insect, and one male has the forewing wood-brown, the bands deep orange
golden, and the hindwing i)aler wood-brown slightly flushed with rose ; while
( 145 )
several others have tlie hiiidwhi;^ l):ile or salmon crimson and the black patches
almost absent.
Length of forewing-: (3,28 mm.; ?,33mm.
Hab. Biagi, Marabare River, 5000 ft., Jannary— April lOOG; Angabiinga
River, afflneiit of St. .Toseph's River, OOOO ft. npwards, British New Guinea,
November 1904— February 190.") (A. S. Meelv).
21 SS, 1 ?.
985. D. fraterna spec. nov.
S. Pectus black; palpi and sides of frons black; liead, antennae, and thorax
cinnamon brownish bulf, a largi; we Ige-shaped central patch on thorax velvety
black ; abdomen orange bntl' witii traces of a central fuscous dorsal line. Fore-
wing cinnamon brownish buff; costa, an antemedian and two postraediaa lines
orange-ochre ; two spots on costa and tliree rows of paired dots at nervures and
on discocellulars black. Hindwing orange bufl", a discocellular patch and an
indistinct submarginal line black.
Length of forewing : 23 mm.
Hab. Biagi, Mambare River, 5000 ft., British New Guinea, April 1906 (A. S.
Meek).
2 cJ<?.
980. D. biagi B. Baker.
9 (?^, 1 ? Biagi, Mambare River, Nurtii Britisli New Guinea, 5000 ft.,
March 1906 (A. S. Meek).
987. D. turbida turbida (But!.).
2 (? (? New Britain, Neu rommern (1 Walines) ; 1 ? Kiuiguuang, Bismarck
Arcliipelago (C. Ribbe).
9STa. D. turbida meeki fDruee).
2 (J(J, 4 ? ? Kiriwini. Trobriand Islands, April— May 1895 (A. S. Meek).
OSTn. D. turbida woodlarkiana snl)spec. nov.
Similar to tinb'uhi nuvlti, but ground-colour of forewings wool-brown, not
testaceous brown siill'used with bright red.
Hub. Woodlark Island, 1895 (A. S. Meek).
2 $?.
987c. D. turbida montana sulispec. nov.
(J. Differs from turbida turbida in the ground-colour of forewings being deep
sooty wood-lirowLi, not whitish testaceons brown.
?. Differs in the ground-colour of forewings being dark sooty black-brown, not
wood-brown, in the white discocellular patch being ranch obscured, and in the
costal margin being either wood-brown or same as ground-colour, not cream-
colour.
Hab. Angabunga River, affluent of St. Joseph's River, 6000 ft. upwards,
November 1904— February 19o5 ; Upper Aroa River, March 1903 (A. S. Meek);
Aroa River, British New Guinea (Emil Weiske).
2 <J<J, 3 ??.
10
( 140 )
987n. D. turbida sordidior sulispcc. nov.
(?. Differs from tnrbidii tiuhida in the gromul-colonr of'thi' foivwiugs being pale
wood-brown and the outer margin chequered l)rown and creiini, not entirely cream.
?. Differs from turbida montana in the ground-colour being dark wood-brown,
not sooty black-brown, and in the costal margin being cream-colonr.
Hah. Fergusson and Goodonnngh Islands, D'Entrecastcanx Islands, September
— December 1890, Milne Bay, Honth-East British New Guinea, January 1809,
Knmasi River, North-East British New Guinea, June 1907, Biagi, Maniliare River,
North-East British New Guinea, oUOU ft., April 19U0 (A. S. Meek); Sattelbcrg,
German New Guinea, February 1906 (C. Wahnes).
6cJ(?,7??.
988. D. ougarra ougarra B. Baker.
8 <?<?, 1 ? Angabunga River, affluent of St. Joseph's River, 0000 ft. upwards,
November 1904 — February 1905; 1 cJ Owgarra, north of head of Aroa River,
May 1903, cotype ; 6 cJ (? Biagi, Mambare River, 5000 ft., March 1906, British
New Guinea (A. S. Meek).
088a. D. ougarra germanica snbspec. nov.
(J. Differs from o. ougarra in the nindi jialer ground-colour of forewing, in the
absence of the dark patches between veins 1 and 4, in the second postraedian band,
and in all the remaining dark jiatclies on the wings being much smaller, and brown,
not velvety black ; the spots on hindwings are also much reduced.
Hah. Sattelberg, German New Guinea, March 1900 ((_'. Wahnes).
2 cJ(J.
989. D. sordidescens Hmpsn.
1 <J Sikkim (Mandelli, ex Felder coll.) ; 3 (J c? Darjeeling, Sikkim (1, August
1899 ; 2, F. Moller) : 1 $ Bliutan, August 10, 1889 (J. G. Filcher).
99u. D. rufescens (Brnlle).
3 (?<?, 4 ?? Teneriffe, Canary Islands (2 cjcj, 2 ?? ex Groiim-Grschmailo
coll.).
991. D. strigatula (Walk.).
1 <J ?, 1 ? Java (Felder coll.) ; 1 <J, 1 $ ? ; 2 <J(J, 2 ? ? Penang, February
1897— October 1898 (Curtis) ; 2 ^<?, 1 ? Perak, 1800 ft, January 1897 (Curtis);
1 (J, 1 ? Island of Nias ; 1 ? Gnnong Sitoli, 1 ? Hili Madjidi, Nias ; 1 ? Kalim
Bongo, North Nias, January 1890 (J. Z. Kanncgieter) ; 1 o Batu Island, 1890 —
1897 (H. Raap) ; 1 ,",1 ? Loeboe Raja, and 1 ? Padang Sidempoean, West
Sumatra, August — September 1897 (Ericsson); 2 ^<J Mount Talang, 2 Batang
Proe[)oe, Padang Bovenhmden, Sumatra; 2 <J <J Palabnan, South Java, 1892
(H. Fruhstorfer) ; 2 cJ cJ Java; 2 c? cJ West Java; 2 SS Mount Arjuno (W.
Doherty); 2 <?<?, 1 ? Djember, Besoeki Residenc.v, Java, 130U— 2000 m., 1892
(Miillinger) ; 1 ? Bungnran, Natnna Islands, July — October 1894 (Charles Hose);
1 ? Kuching, 1 ¥ Sandckan, June 20, ls93, Borneo; 2 cJcJ, 2 ?? Kina Bain,
( 147 )
North Borneo; 1 c? Busan, Burmali ; 1 3 Lower Bnrmah ; 1 d Government Hill,
Penang, lOoO ft. March 22, ISDS (Cnrtis) ; 1 ? North Celebes; 1 <? Oiichalata,
Nias Island ; 1 ? Java (H. J. Elsves coll.).
992. D. sumatrensis sumatrensis (Swinhoe).
:J <?(? Snmatra; 2 0.??; 20 oiJ, 3 V? Batang Proepoe, 1000 in., October
1896 — January 189T ; T (J <J Mount Talang, Padang Bovenlanden, West Central
Snmatra.
992a. D. sumatrensis continentalis sul)spec. nov.
<?. Ditfers from *. ««wf/Y/r«.«/s by its much darker colour, the forewings being
sooty black-brown.
(J also much darker.
jHab. Perak.
1 3,2 ??.
992b. D. sumatrensis javanica snbspcc. nov.
Difl'ers from ,s. sumatrensis in being much paler, and in the total absence of the
sjiotting on the hindwing.
Hab. Djember, Besoeki Residency, Java, 1300— 2o00 m., 1892 (Mollinger).
2 iS.
993. D. vagans (Boisd.).
6 <?<? Monterey County, California; 1 <?, 3 ? 9 California (2 ? 9 Felder coll.);
I (? Chimney Gulch, Golden, Colorado (J. Oslar).
994. D. imparilis (Butl).
1 6, 5 9 9 Japan (1 S ex Meyer coll.) ; 1 <J ?; 1 9 Asia (Meyer coll.); 1 ?
Oiwake, Japan, 1^87 (H. Pryer coll.); 1 9 Hakodate, Japan, June — July 1887
(native collectors).
995. D. melaena Hmpsn.
3 <?(?, 1 9 Mount Arjuno, 6000 ft. (W. Doherty) (1 9 ex coll. H. J. Elwes).
990. D. turensis (Ersch.).
2 (J (J Hi Territory, West Mongolia, May (Tancre) ; 1 <J Baldschuan, Turkestan ;
15? (Groum-Grschmailo coll.).
097. D. sordida (Hiibn.).
4 <?<?, .'5 9 9 ? (Felder coll.) ; 4 <J <J, 4 9 9 ? ; 1 <?, 1 9 Sils Maria, Engadine,
Grisons, 1875 (Gnatek ex coll. A. von Homeyer); 3 cJcJ, 3 9 9 Julier Mountains,
Julier Pass, Engadine, Grisons (Standfuss) ; 3 cJcJ, 3 99 Wallis Valley, foot of
Simplou Pass (Standfuss); 1 S Gadmen, Asiatic Russia.
( I4g )
998. D. luctuosa (Geyer).
4 o".?, 4 ? ? ? (2 ? ? Felder coll.) ; 1 cj Alps (Bnchecker coll.) ; 5 (5o , 5 ? 9
Hungary (Gronm-Grschmailo coll.) ; 1 o , 1 ? Gadmen, Snsten, Central Asia.
999. D. mendica (ClerclO-
8 (?<?, 11 ? ? Great Britain (1 <J buft' colour) ; 3 <J(J, 1 ? Tring, Hertfordshire,
May 1897— May 1903; 1 ? Kingsbnry, Hertfordshire, April 29, 1896 (A. T.
Goodson) ; 1 ? Brickbill, Buckinghamshire, May 12, I9ii2 (T. Clerck); one cocoon;
8 cJ5, 10 ?? ? (2 (JcJ, 3 ?? Felder coll.; l' S , 1 ? Groum-Grscbmailo coll.);
1 (J Crimmitscban, May 24, 1896 (Tb. Wagner) ; 1 <J Germany (Buchecker coll.) ;
1 ? Sils Maria, Engadine, Grisons, Gnatek, May 1875 (A. von Homeyer coll.; ; 1 ?
Switzerland or North Italy?; 1 cJ, 2 ? ? Gedre, Hautes Pyrenees (Rondou) ; 1 9
Val de Arazas, Spanish Pyrenees, June litOT (Mous(ines) ; 7 cJ cJ, 3 99 bred by
Standfuss, ab. stand/ itsisi and ab. imersa ; 1 larva.
lOuO. D. accensa (Swinboe).
1 <J, 2 9 9 Batang Proepoe, Padang Bovenlanden, Sumatra, 2000 ni., 1897
(J. Z. Kannegieter), Loeboe Rajab, West Sumatra, June — July 1897 (Ericsson).
lOol. D. arctichroa Druce.
5 (J<J Fak-Fak, Dutch New Guinea, 1700 ft., December 1907 (A. E. Pratt).
1002. D. fiilvohirta (Walk.).
7 (?(? Bhutan; 4 cJcJ Darjeeling, 7500 ft., Sikkim (A. V. Knyvett,
May— June 1889); ASS Sikkim, 7000 ft., 1889 (Otto Moller) (H. J. Elwes coll.);
4 <J (J Sikkim, June 1889 (J. G. Pilcher) ; 2 (J o India (Meyer coll.).
1IHJ3. D. inpleta (Walk.).
2 SS,\ 9 Sikkim (Mandelli, ex Felder coll.) ; 2 o o^ 1 9 Darjeeling, Sikkim
(2 (J^ F. Moller; 1 9 Dr. Lidderdale) ; 1 <J, 1 9 ?; 1 cJ, 3 99 Sikkim, 1000—
4000 ft., 1889 (Otto Moller, ex Ehves coll.) ; 2 o" <J, 3 9 9 .
10o4. D. khasiaua spec. nov.
9 . Pectus sooty brown-black ; legs and tarsi black ; tibiae and co.xae sooty
brown, an orange line on inside of coxae ; palpi and frons velvety, black vertex
creamy bnlT; antennae black, apical fifth except extremity white ; tegulae black,
a large lateral spot of cream bntF on both sides of each tegula ; patagia cream buff,
base and central stripe black ; thorax velvety black, cream bnff beneath patagia ;
abdomen deep steel blue ; a bright orange ring on the five middle segments (2 — 0).
Forewing black, with twenty-eight cream buff blotches of various sizes as
follows : a subniarginal row of seven, three below and four above vein 1 from
base to tornus ; three in cell, two above subcostal vein, two beyond apex of cell,
three between subcostal and vein 7, and two between veins 5 and 2. Hind wing
( 149)
pale, Mars jellow ; margin, fringe, ami snlnnarginal band black; discocellulars
and veins strongly picked out and marked with black.
<?. Similar, but smaller and paler.
Length of forewing : o 20 mm. ; $ 33 mm.
Halj. Khasia Hills, Assam, May — Jnne 1S'J4 — 189.5 (native collectors).
7 cJcJ, 2 ??.
lOO.j. D. caesarea caesarea (Goeze).
10 (?t?, 8 ? ? ? (4 <?(?, 2 9 ? Felder coll.); 2 ^(?, 2 ? 9 Switzerland (Gronm-
Grschmailo coll.); 1 S Marmarosszuget, Transylvania, July 1901 (Farkas Sandor) ;
1 6 Fogres, Transylvania ; 2 larvae.
luiiU. D. lineata (^Valk.).
2 SS South Africa; T 6 •S , 3 ?? Natal (A. J. Spiller) ; 1 o" Northdean ;
1 <J Weenen, Natal; 1 (?, 1 § Kilwa, April 1900 (Reimer) ; 1 <J Mpuapna, German
East Africa; 1 <?, 1 ? ?, 1 ^ Loauda (Welwitsch) ; 1 (? Natal (Felder coll.); 1 $
Transkei, Cape Colony (Miss Barrett) ; 1 S Chaipaika Estate, Bandawe, Nyassaland
(F. Watkinson); Mpeta, Loangwa River, Zambesi River, November — December
1895, rainy season (Coryndon) ; 1 <J Tarn, British East Africa, January 22, 1890;
1 J Harar, Abyssinia, April 27, 1900 (Baron Carlo Erlanger and Oscar Neumann).
1007. D. engraphica (Walk.).
1 (J, 1 ? South Africa; 4 <JcJ, 2 ?? Transkei, Cape Colony (Miss Barrett);
2 c?(J Grahamstown, Cape Colony, October 1901; 1 S Weenen, Natal; \ S ? ;
1 ? Tsomo River, Caffraria (J. H. B.) (R. Trimen), type of Aloa nudistriga Feld.
(Felder coll.).
1008. D. subcarnea (Walk.).
3 o<J, 5 ? ? Japan; 4 <?cJ, 5 ? ? Yokohama, Japan (1 ? Dr. Fritze, August
1889; rest, July 1890 — 1898); 1 9 ? type of .l/y« leucothorax Feld. (Felder coll.) ;
1 ? Shanghai ! (Felder coll.); 1 o Japan (H. Pryer) (H. J. Elwes coll.).
D. subcarnea, obertliueri, ericsoni, metarhoda, etc.
Sir George Hampson has created great confusion in these forms. He
unites obertliueri Semp. .with subcarnea, in spite of Semper's statement that the
underside of the abdomen is red, and therefore, if united with anything, it ought
to be with rdcefa Stoll. ; but it is a perfectly good species, and must be retained
as such. He further unites metarhoda Walk, to niceta, with which it has nothing
to do, as the undersurface of the abdomen is white, and not crimson.
The following is the present status of these insects :
Diacrisea subcarnea (Walk.) : Jajian, China, Korea, etc.
D. metarhoda (Walk.) : Phiiijipine Islands.
Abdomen below D. ericsoni (Semper) : Kina Balu, Borneo,
white \ D. semperi semperi \i.oi\i%c\i. : Sumatra,
or whitish. D. semperi roseata Rothsch. : Java.
D. semperi borncensis Rothsch. : Borneo.
.D. dohertiji Rothsch. : Celebes.
Abdomen lielow
crimson.
( 150)
Abdomen below (D. cajetani Rotbsch.
golden yellow. \d. eldorado Rothsch.
' />. nici'tfi niceta (Stoll.).
1). niceta eocjcna (Walk.).
D. niceta semiiosea (Dntl).
■ D. niceta papnana Rothsch.
D. niceta intermedia Rothsoli.
I), niceta satinata Kothscb.
.I>. obcrthiieri (Semper).
There are apijarentl)- a few more forms, but without examining certain types
1 cannot decide about them.
1009. D. eldorado spec. nov.
(?. Pectns crimson ; palpi crimson, last joint black ; antennae black ; head
and thora.x golden orange; abdomen crimson, a central black dot on each segment
except the last two ; clasper tiifts yellow. Forewing golden orange ; two black
spots above vein 1 one-fifth from base ; a row of five black spots from centre of
inner margin carving ontwards to veiu 4. Hindwing : basal three-fourths
crimson, outer one-fonrth crimson, washed with golden ; a cellular stigma and
an oblique row of six spots from tornns to vein •> black.
?. Larger, the two spots above vein 1 on forewing only; hindwing golden,
only faintly tinged with pale crimson.
Length of forewing : o 20 mm.; ? ~T mm.
IJab. Khasia Hills, Assam (native collectors); Ceylon (Nietner, e.x Felder
coll.),
1 <J, 4 ??.
Ktlti. D. cajetani spec. nov.
? . Pectus crimson and cinnamon ; head and thorax brownish cinnamon ;
abdomen crimson, a central dorsal line of black spots. Forewing pale rufous
cinnamon, a black spot at upper corner of discocellnlars, a black spot above and
below vein 1 one-third from the base, and a similar larger one above and below the
same vein in centre, similar spots above and below veins 2 and 4, and a smaller spot
below veiu 5. Hindwing crimson washed w^ith cinnamon, a large cellular and
five submarginal ]>atches black.
Length of forewing : 2*i mm.
Hab. Ceram (Felder coll.).
1 ?.
loll. D. semperi spec. nov.
a. Pectns crimson ; palpi crimson, last joint black ; antennae black ; head and
thorax Imfif ; abdomen crimson, clasper tufts buff. Forewing buft', a dot above
vein 1 one-fourth from base, and a spot above and below same vein in centre
black. Hindwing bull', a cellular black .stigma.
S. Larger; forewing has, in addition to the three marks in o, dots above
and below veins 2 and 7 ; hindwing has the cellular stigma large, and in addition
a submarginal row of six sooty patches ; anal tuft buflf.
Length of forewing : o , 22 mm. ; ? , 29 mm.
( 151 )
Hah. Mount Tiilrtng and Bafaiig l'roe()np, Padang Boveiilaiidcn, AVest
Sumatra.
1 <?,2 ?(J.
1011a. D. semperi roseata sulis[iec. nov.
3. Differs from scmpcri semperi in the groiiml-rAiluur beiug more brownish
bnff. On forewiug the two central spots above and below vein 1 are e.Kteaded into
large bhjtclies ; there are minnte black dots above and below 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, a
dot above vein 2, a spot at terraen and one above subcosti jnst beyond ajie.x
of cell. On hindwing the basal half is orange-crimson, the colhilar stigma large, and
a subraarginal row of seven sooty patches.
Ildh. Java.
1 <?.
101 lii. D. semperi borneensis snbspec. nov.
?. Differs from ? semperi semperi in being much more brownish yellow ; the
two pairs of spots at vein 1 of forewing are much larger, there are tliree black spots
at termen and one on costa just beyond apex of cell. On hindwing the four sub-
marginal patches, nearest the tornns, are much larger.
Hab. Kina Balu, North Borneo.
2 ??.
1012. D. dohertyi spec. nov.
(J. Pectus crimson; palpi black, base crimson; frons black; vertex and
antennae pale creamy cinnamon ; thorax jiale creamy cinnamon ; abdomen crimson,
a dorsal central row of black spots. Forewing pale creamy cinnamon, two
minute dots above and below subcostal vein near base, two above and below vein 1
one fourth from base; a curved row of five from centre of inner margin to lower
corner of apex of cell and a snbmarginal row from termen to vein 4 black.
Hindwing salmon-pink tinged with Imtf.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Hab. Tawaya, north of Palos Bay, Central Celebes, August— September 1896
(W. Doherty).
3 (J^.
lol3. D. whitehead! spec. nov.
This is a most remarkable insect, in appearance like a large Teracotona.
Unfortunately the specimen is in very poor condition.
(J. Pectus, palpi and collar rich vermilion scarlet ; head white; antennae very
long, brown, and very strongly pectinated ; thorax cream buft'; tegnlae and i)atagia
broadly edged with scarlet, a black central spot in patagia ; abdomen deep
crimson. Forewing cream buff, washed with orange along vein 1 and inner
margin, a black dot above and below centre of vein 1. Hindwing bufl', costal
area orange, inner area with rose hairs.
Length of forewing aj)proxiinately 3U mm.
Hab. North Luzon, Philipiiine Islands, 6000—0000 ft. (John Whitehead).
1 6.
( 152 )
1014. D. niceta niceta (Stoll.).
1 o Moluccas; 4 o<5, 4 ?? Amboyna, Molucca Islands (2 <?<?, 3 ?$
Doherty, February 1892 ; 1 <J A. E. Pratt, October 1907 ; 1 <J Felder coll.) ; 1 <J,
8 ?? Kaycli Bourn, Molucca Islands, March 1897 (W. Doherty); 1 $ Ceram
(Felder coll.); 1 ? Ternate, Sejitember 1, ls9f! (A. W. Mucks); 2 ?? Morotai,
North Moluccas (Felder coll.) ; 2 (? cJ, 3 ? ? ? (Loninin, ex Felder coll.).
1o14a. D. niceta eogena (Walk).
liesembles niceta scm/rosi:a in the orange tbrewings, but always in the ? has
median band of spots com{)lete.
1 (J, 4 ? ? Batchian, North Slulnccas (1 ? Waterstradt ; 1 o% 3 ? ? May 1892,
W. Doherty).
]o|4b. D. niceta hyperhoda (Hutl.).
Differs from niceta niceta in the jiale straw-yellow not cream-coloured
forewings.
2 ? 9 New Britain = Neu Pommern ; 1 ? Bismarck Archipelago.
1014c. D. niceta semirosea (Butl.).
Difl'ers from niceta eogenn, although similarly coloured, by the females
having only the two lowest spots of the median band ; one only (from Isabel) of my
15 ? 9 of this form has four spots. Males also have less than the complete row.
2 (J (J, 5 99 Treasury Island, August 19U1 ; 3 S6,\ 9 Vella Lavella,
February 1908; 1 9 Bougainville, May 1904; 2 cJo', 4 9? Arawa, Bougainville,
December 1907; 1 9 north side of Choiseul Island, December 1903; 3 33, 2 9?
Isabel Island, June— July 190], Solomon Islands (A. 8. Meek); 1 3 Tulagi, 1 6
Tugela, 1 (J Ugi, 1 o^ Alu, Shortland Islands, Solomon Islands (S. M. Woodford).
IfiHu. D. niceta saturata subspec. nov.
Differs from niceta niceta iu the $ having forewing suffused with dark buff
and hindwing being entirely crimson, and 9 has forewing sutl'used with brownish
pink.
1 (J, 1 9 Kei Toeal, January— March 1806 (H. C. Webster); 3 <?(?, 3 9?
Little Kei, February 1897 (II. Kiihn) ; 2 o" J Great Kei, 1887 (H. Kiihn).
1014e. D- niceta papuana sulis]iec. nov.
Differs from vice/a niceta iu its darker cinnamon-buff forewings, the very
white ncrvnres, and the creamy brown interuervnlar streaks.
1 <J,3 99 Waigen (Waterstradt) ; 1 0% 1 9 Dorey, Dutch New Guinea, June
1897 (W. Doherty); 1 3 Constanfinhafen, 10 J (J, 13 9 9 Sattelberg, German
New Guinea, March 1906 (C. Wahnes); 1 9 Arn Islands, April— May 1896
(H. C. AVebster); 2 6 3, 5 9? Kumasi liiver, North-East British New Guinea,
August 1907, Lower Mambare River, May loori, Biagi, Mambare Uiver, North-
AV est British New Guinea, 5000 ft., January 1906 (A. S. Meek); 1 9 Moroka to
( 153 )
Mount Nisbet, British New Guinea, January— February 1896 (A. S. Anthony);
1 cJ, 1 ? Fak-Fak, Dutch New Guinea, 1700 ft., January— February 1908
(A. E. Pratt).
1014F. D. niceta intermedia subspec. nov.
Intermediate in shade of colour of forewings between niceta semirosea and
niceta kyperhoda.
3 (?cJ, 6 ?? Milne Bay, South-East British New Guinea, November 1898;
1 <?, 1 ? Goodenongh Island, U'Eutrecasteaux Islands, December 1896 ; 1(?,4??
Fergusson Island, D'Eutrccastean.x Islands, November 1894 — December 1895; 1 cJ,
1 ? Kiriwini, Trobriand Islands, June 189.5; 1 <?, 5 ? ? St. Aignan, Louisiade
Islands, August 1897; 3 ?? Sudest Island, Louisiade Islands, April 1898; 1 S,
1 ? Kossel Islaud, Louisiade Islands, February 1898 (A. S. Meek) ; 1 ? Suer
Mafor, May— June 1S97 (W. Doherty).
1015. D. nebulosa (Bull.).
1 (J?; 6 <J^, 3 ? ? Japan ; 9 <J<J, 3 ? ? Ishikishiri, Yezzo, Japan, July 1890
(Dr. Fritze) ; 1 ? Hakodate, August 1880 (J. H. Leech) ; 1 cJ Japan (H. Pyer coll.) ;
1 (J, 1 ? Sappero, Yezzo, July 1896.
1016. D. subvaria (Walk.).
4 (?(J Ningpo, Japan, July 1886 (native collectors) ; 1 9 Japan; 2 6 <S West
China.
1017. Diacrisia spec.
1 ? labelled in Guerin's handwriting or a very similar one Arctia indica
Gut^T (type), Mafj. ZooL, Neelgheries. (Felder coll.). This insect is certainly not
the same as that called indica Gmir. by Sir George Hampson, but appears to be
an aberrant specimen of obliqua Walker. Guerin described what is nsually known
as i/idica in Delessert's Soxee/iirs de I'liidt', vol. ii. p. 93 (1843). I e.xpect the
label got placed on the present specimen during the years Felder was blind, and
before he sold the collection to me.
1018. D. intricata (Walk.).
2 (?(?, 1 ? Brazil (1 <^, 1 ? Felder coll.) ; 1 $ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3 <?<?,
2 ?? Castro, Parana, October 1902 (E. D. Jones); 2 <^(J, 1 ? Sao Paulo; 'i <S <S
Minas Geraes ; 1 (J, 1 ? San Jacinthe Valley, Theophilo Ottoui, Minas Geraes,
11)07—1908 (F. Birch).
A <? and ? with no locality are probably another subspecies, the 6 having
white hindwings and the ? being much darker and more heavily marked.
I'il9. D. alcumena (Berg).
This is a good species, not a subspecies of intricata ; it occurs together with
that species in several parts of its range.
3 c?(J, 7 ? ? Tncnman (Steiubach) ; 2 <?<?, 2 ? ? Province of Tucuman, Argen-
tina, January— April 1903 ((i. A. Baer); 2 <J(J, 2 ?? Ciudad de Tucumaa ; 1 ?
Laguna de Malginas, Tucuman, 380 m., March 1901 (Dinelli).
( 154 )
lOi'.iA. D. alcumena steinbachi sulispec. nov.
(S. Ill place of the striated lines in the apical third of forewing as in alcumena
alcumena, there is an irregular transverse brown band.
Hah. Bnenavista, East Bolivia, Son m., August 1906— April lOUT (J. 8teiubach).
1 o.
li'i'.tn. D. alcumena flavitincta snbspec. nov.
(J. Differs from alcumena alcumena in the great reduction of the striated lines
in the outer area of forewings and in the huffy yellow inner area of hindwings.
?. Differs in having yellow hindwings with broad central and snbiuarginal
brown bands and a broad brown transverse band on forewings beyond the
median one.
Hah. Valencia and Caracas, Venezuela.
5 cJi5, 2 ?? (1 c? Mocqnerys).
lolOc. D. alcumena kennedyi subspec. nov.
0 . Differs from alcumena alcumena by the yellow inner area of hindwings.
Hah. Minas Geraes.
4 SS.
1(1211. D. Isabella (Abbot & Smith).
4 c?<J, 9 ???(] (J, 3 ?? Felder coll.) ; 1 cJ, 1 ? United States (Sand coll.) ;
1 (? North America ; 11 <?<?, 7 ?$ Iowa, July 189(5; ASS, 1 ? Lariraa, Colorado,
5000 ft., June 1891 ; 'Z 6 S , 1 ? Colorado Springs; 1 <^ Durango, Colorado (J.
Oslar) ; 1 S Florida; '?, a ^ , 2 ?9 Texas; 1 <J Monacknock, New Hampshire,
July (F. Birch) ; 2 6 6 Canada: 1 <J Ontario, (!anada ; 4 larvae, Brooklyn, New
York.
1021. D. mombasana spec. nov.
(J. Pectus golden ; antennae black ; head and thorax white ; abdomen orange
above, with dorsal and lateral rows of black spots. Forewing white, four sooty
dots on costa and one at base of vein 5. Hindwing white, a sooty dot at
veins 9, 5, 2, and at tornns.
Length of forewing: 25 mm.
Hab. Mombasa.
1 6.
1022. D. pellucida spec. nov.
cj. Pectus and legs buff; head and thorax bullish orange ; antennae short, very
strongly jiectinated, brown ; abdomen buff. Forewing hyaline ; costal, inner
and outer margins, and nervnres orange buff. Hindwing hyaline ; inner area,
costal margin, and fringes orange buff.
Length of forewing : 18 mm.
llab. Wassau District, 45 miles inland from Sekondi, Gold Coast.
1 3.
1023. D. togoensis (Bartel).
1 6 Akassa to Onitscha (Dr. Cook) ; 1 6 Anambara Creek ; 1 ? Ogrnga
Niger River, West Africa.
( 155 )
1024. D. vandepoUi spec no v.
(?. Pectus fuscous ; legs black, coxae bnfty orange ; palpi black, base bnffy
orange; head brownish buff; antennae whitish buff; thorax brownish buff with
central black band ; abdomen butfy orange with dorsal and lateral rows of
black spots. Forewing dark sooty brown, the basal half paler through irregular
powdering of buff scales ; nervures pale buff, a basal black dot, curved ante- and
2iostmcdian transverse bands of black spots. Hindwing bright bnffy orange ; a
cellular stigma, a spot at tornus, one on each side of vein 2 and one ou vein G
black.
9. Pectus fuscous orange; jialpi and legs brown; lieaJ orange buff; thorax
fuscous buff, centre black ; abdomen orange, a central and lateral rows of black
spots. Forewing clay-brown or pale wood-brown ; nervures pale buff, curved
ante- and postmedian transverse bands of black spots, a black spot at end of
cell. Hindwing orange with black spots, the same as in the 3.
Length of forewing : cJ 20 mm. ; ? 28 mm.
Ifab. Batang Proepoe, Padang Bovenlandeu, ITjid) m., September— October
1896.
16 (J (J, 25 ??.
There is a J from Java in the British Museum of this species which is some-
what jialer than the Sumatran examples.
This species was erroneously identified by Piepers and Snellen as fuscitincta
Hm{>sn. They describe the larva as follows : The four anterior segments pale
orange, rest of body black, hairs very thickly placed and black, mixed here and there
with single white hairs. Feeds on a sjiccies of fern.
1025. Acantharctia metaleuca Hmpsn.
b 6 6,\ ? Nairobi [F. J. Jackson (1 6, 1 ? March 1905;], 6 o^ Nairobi to
Mount Kenia, i 3S Athi-ya-Mawe, April — May 1899 (C. S. Betton, Legros);
3 <J<J Machakos Rd., Kilindini, British East Africa, April 27, 1899 (Legros).
1026. A. latifasciata Hmpsn.
Differs from metaleuca by its golden buff ground-colour and the stronger
development of the dark streaks on the hindwing.
Weenen, Natal.
1 (?,3 ??.
1027. A. intermarginalis Hmpsn.
1 (J North Bailundn, Angola, 1901 (H. Pemberton).
1028. A. vittata Auriv.
1 cJ Weenen, Natal.
Hi29. A. atriramosa Hmpsn.
1 <J Mohoroni, Nandi, British East Africa, July 1903 (F. J. Jackson).
( 156 )
1030. A. pembertoni spec. nov.
o. Palpi fuscous; head yellow; antennae sooty; thorax greyish buff;
tegulae edged with dark yellow ; abdomen dark yellow, banded with ])lack except
on fir.st segment. Forewing creamy buti', nervures pale brown. Hiudwiug
creamy white.
Length of forewing: 31 mm.
Hah. Bihe, Angola.
2 (J (J.
Iu31. Acantharctia ansorgei spec nov.
o . Palj)i yellow ; head and thorax cream-white ; antennae, base yellow, rest
pale brown ; abdomen buffy orange with black rings. Forewing creamy white,
nervnres black. Hindwing creamy white, nervures yellowish brown.
Length of forewing : 22 mm.
Ilab. Kaboa, Bnekulla, Uganda, April 1, 1899 (Dr. Ansorge).
1032. A. aurivillii Bartel.
1 (J Uganda ; 1 <J Sougwe Valley, Lake Nyassa.
1033. A. flavicosta Hmpsu.
4 (J o Kamj)ala, Uganda (February and March 1900, Captain Rattray; March
1897, Dr. Ansorge).
1034. A. nivea Anriv.
1 o Mikenge, Angola, 8epteral)er 14, 1903 (Dr. Ansorge); 3 (J c? Ogrugu,
Niger ; 1 S Afilipo District, Nigeria ; 1 <J Lagos, AVest Africa ; 2 <J <? Thies,
Senegambia, July 1907 (Riggenbach).
1035. Amsacta marginalis Walk.
2 oo Lagos, West Africa ; 9 6o, 3 $? Sierra Leone (7 oo, 2 ?? Major
Bainbridge; 1 ? H. A. Thome) ; 4 o o^ Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Bury) (1 cj buffy
yellow, 2 (J (J intermediate); 1 <J Kasangazi, near Bandawe, 3000 ft., Lake Nyassa
(Dr. Prentice) (this specimen is sooty black with very distinct orange margins) ; 1 S
Yelva, Borgu, Niger (Wilson) (brownish yellow).
1030. Am. melanogastra (HoU.).
1 <J west side of Luitiiold Mountains, near Ikutha, 1 o Athi-ya-Mawe, British
East Africa, April 7, 1899 (Legros).
lo37. Am. rattrayi spec. nov.
<J. Pectus orange and sooty brown; legs, outside orange, inside sooty brown ;
head and tegulae orange ; thorax and antennae orange buff; abdomen above black,
two basal and anal segments buffy orange. Forewing semihyaline buff, costa,
inner and outer margins buffy orange. Hindwing semihyaline buff.
Length of forewing : 21 mm.
Jlab. Entebbe, Uganda, August 1902 (Capt. Rattray).
2 S3.
( 157 )
1038. Am. baxteri spec. nov.
<J. Pectus sooty brown; antennae black; liead iiml thorax bright orange;
abdonien above lihxek, basal two segments anil sides of anal segment orange.
Forewing golden orange. Hindwing seniiliyaline huffish orange.
Length of forewing : 2i! mm.
Ilab. Mjniapna, German East Africa (Dr. Baxter).
2 SS.
1039. Amsacta ansorgei spec. nov.
tj. Pectus, legs, head, thorax, and antennae sooty brown ; abdomen yellow, a
dorsal median row of black sjiots. Forewing dark wood-brown, costal edge
liniT. Hindwing brownish mouse-grey.
Length of forewing : 14 mm.
Ilab. Kitanwa, Unyoro, Angnst 22, 1897 (Dr. Ansorge).
1 (J.
1040. Am. insolata Swinh.
1 (J Maymyo, Shan States, June— Angnst 1902 (Hauxwell); 1 ? Kulu District;
1 ? ? (Felder coll.).
1041. Am. lineola (Fabr.).
2 (?(?, 1 ? Gooty ; 1 (?, 2 ? ? Peermaad, Travancore ; 2 <?(?, 2 ? ? Bangalore,
Mysore, June— August 1894 (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 1 <? Pranchi (Irvine) (H. J. Elwes
coll.); 1 S Jhansi, July 1893; 1 <?, 1 ? Calcutta ; 1 <? Darjeeling (Pilcher) ; 4 <?<?,
11 ?? Ceylon; 1 cj, 3 ? ? ? (Felder coll.); 1 ? Kulu District; 1 ? Cuddapah ;
2 (J (J, 1 ? Chittagong Hills; 1 ? Bombay.
1042. Am. gangara (Swinh.).
1 iJ, 1 ? Victoria, Australia, December (Barnard coll.).
1043. Am. aureolimbata spec. nov.
(J. Pectus orange ; head orange; antennae black; tegulae, basal half white,
rest orange ; thorax white ; abdomen buffy orange, dorsal and lateral rows of
black spots except on basal and anal segments. Forewing pure white, a
discocellular black stigma, costa and fringe orange. Hindwing jmre white, a
minute cellular brown stigma, fringe orange, inner area washed with pale orange.
? . Similar.
Length of forewing : 3 2.5 mm., ? 27 mm.
Ilab. Bihe, Angola (Edward Sanders).
1 (?, 1 ?.
1044. Am. hampsoni spec. nov.
?. Pectus crimson; head creamy bnlf; antennae black ; thorax dirty brownish
buff ; basal half of tegulae mauve brown ; abdomen crimson, a dorsal row of
black spots. Forewing cream-colour, a black dot at end of cell and two
above vein 1 ; costa crimson. Hindwing white, a cellular stigma and four
submarginal spots sooty black.
Length of forewing : 24 mm.
Hab. Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Bury).
1 ?.
( l-^'S )
I114."). Am. cardinalis cardinalis (P.iifl.).
1 (?, 1 ? Mount Anijat, Luzon, Angnst ]0ii3 (Browne); 1 <?, 1 ? Manilla
(Lorqnin) (Felder coll.); 1 ? Manilla, May luoii (IJrowne) ; 1 3 Saniar, .Tnne —
July 189G (J. Wbitehcail).
li*4riA. Am. cardinalis celebensis snb.spec. nov.
Differs from c. cart/i/Kil/'.s in the nauch greater tlevelojnnent of the black
snbmarginal patches on the hinilwings.
Hab. Celebes (Lorqnin) (Fehler coll.).
1 ?.
1045b. Am. cardinalis reducta subspec. nov.
Differs from c. cardinalis by the snbmarginal patches of the himlwings beiuf
reduced to small spots.
Hab. Tomia, Toekan Besi Islands, December 1901 (H. Kiihn).
3 ??.
10450. Am. cardinalis luteomarginata subspec nov.
Differs from c. cardinalis m the entire absence of snbmarginal .spots on the
hindwing and in having the costa, collar, and edges of the tegulae yellow.
Hab. Oinainisa, Timor, December isOl (W. Doherty), type ; Letti, December,
Moa, Larat, Tenimbcr Islands, Dammer, November ISOs (H. Kuhn) ; Larentaka,
October 1891.
8 c?c?,9 ??.
1040. Am. coUaris Hmpsn.
1 (J Hoi-How, Hainan, May 1902.
1047. Am. lactinea (Cram.).
2 ? ? Java ; 1 ? West Java, 1892 ; 1 <J Mount Gede, 4i)0i) ft., lS9(i, 1 3
Snkabumi, West Java, 200U ft., 1893 (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 3 Buitenzorg, .Tava,
lOUO ft., August lS95 (Kaunegieter) ; 1 <J G. I'ontjar, Buitenzorg, Java, October —
November 1897 (native collectors); 1 S Palaboean ; 1 cj, 1 ? Sapit, Lombok,
2000 ft., April 1890 (H. Frnlistorfer) ; 1 3 Mount Arajat, Luzon, August 1903
(Browne) ; 1 ? South Flores, November IsiiO, dry season (A. Everett) ; 1 ? Moa
(H. Kiihn) ; 2 cJeJ, 1 ? Alor (A. Everett) ; 1 ? Batang Proeiroe, Padang Bovenlauden,
We.st Sumatra, 1600 m., November 1897 ; 1 S Peuang, 28 November 1898 ((Jurti.s) ;
2 33 Phic-Son, Annam, November — December (H. Fruhstorfer); 1 cJ, 1 ? Monl-
mein, Bnrmah, August 15, 1893 \ 2 33 Lower Burmah ; 2 3 3,\ ? Rangoon, June
1880; 1 3 Assam; 3 ?? Khasia Hills, Assam, May 1894 (native collectors);
1 <J Digboi, Assam (L. Brunt) ; 1 3 Cherrapunji, Assam, July 1893 ; 1 ? Shillong,
Assam, July 1893 ; 1 <J, 1 ? Chandkhira, Silhet ; 1 3 Belgaum, September 1896 ;
1 3,\ $ Calcutta; 2 33 Travancore (Place); 1 cJ Nilgiris ; 1 iJ, 2 ?? Kulu
District; 1 3 Thyetmyo (Elwes coll.); 6 3 3, lO ?? Ceylon (2 Kongahawella,
July 1903, Newman; 1 Green; 2 Pundaloya) ; 1 ? N.W. India; 9 ??, 1 cJ
(Felder coll.); 3 ?? Buitenzorg, Java; 1 ? Formosa; 1 cJ, 4 ?? Japan; 2 33
Ta-Cliien-Tsye, China, July 1S91 ; 1 3 Chifu, Shantung, N. China; 1 cJ Dumia
Valley, Assam, June Issi» ; 1 3 Margarita, Upper Assam, May 1N>9 (W. Doherty)
(Elwcs coll.); 1 3 Japan (I'ryer) ; 1 ? Mandi, N.W. Himalayas, 3000— 5U00 ft., 1883
( 159 )
(d. Young); 1 ? Sikkira, 1000— 400U ft. (Otto Mollor) ; 1 c? Ganjam, 1 (J,2 ?$
Bangalore, Mysore ; 1 ? Nagiwre ; 1 ? Kliasia Hills, Assam, 4000 ft., September
1880 (H. J. Elwes) (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 2 9 ? Asia (Meyer coll.).
1048. Am. negrita (Hrapsn.).
5 <?<?,4 ?? Khasia Hills, Assam, ls;»4-ls00 (native collectors) (2 9 ? H. J.
Elwes coll.) ; 2 <?(?, 1 ? Cherrapnnji, Assam, April — August 1893.
104'.). Am. albistriga (Walk.).
2 (JcJ Cuddapah ; 1 cj Golialpore, June 18S2 (H. J. Elwes coll.).
1050. Am. margiuata marginata (Don).
1 <J Derby District (Tunny); 2'<S<S, 1 ? Roebonrne ; 3 (JcJ, 1 ? Sherlock
River, West Australia (Clements); 3 o<?, 1 ? Brisbane (Felder coll.); 1 <J New
South Wales; 2 ?? Paramatta, New South Wales (Pb. Schrader) ; 9 (J(J,2 ??
Queensland; 1 (J, 1 ? North Queensland; 1 (J, 1 ? Port Mackay, Queensland;
1 <J Port Darwin ; 2 9 ? Dawson District (Barnard coll.) ; 6 <?(?, 2 9 9 Cedar Bay,
North Queensland (A. S. Meek).
1050a. Am. marginata punctipennis (Butl.).
1 <S Lower Area River, British New Guinea, November 1'.m_i4 to February 1905
(A. S. Meek) ; 1 S Mailu, British New Guinea (A. S. Anthony) ; 1 cJ Redscar Bay,
British New Guinea (Lix); 3 cJ cJ St. Joseph River, 2 cj .5 Welsh River, 1 cj, 1 9 Aroa
River, British New Guinea (Weiske) ; 1 9 Milne Bay, February 1899, 1 ? Samarai,
1 <J Haidana, Collingwood Bay, April 1907, 1 ? Kumusi River, July 1907, British
New Guinea (A. S. Meek); 2 <S<S, I 9 Holnicote Bay to Owen Stanley Range
(Rohu); 2 (?<J, 1 9 Astrolabe Bay, March— September (C. Wahnes), 3 (?(?, 1 9
Constantinhafen, 1 <J Simbang, June 1893, German New Guinea ; 1 (?, 1 9 Wood-
lark Island, April 1897 (A. S. Meek).
3 (J<J, 2 9 9 have the crimson replaced by yellow.
1051. Am. moorei (Butler).
9 (? :?, 2 9 9 Ajmere, July 1S92 ; 1 <S (Juddapah.
1 (J has all the crimson replaced by yellow ; another has all the crimson
except un abdomen yellow.
1052. Am. corsiua (Swinh.).
1 9 Salisbury Plains, north of Bowen, Queensland (A. Simson).
1053. Creatonotus margiualis (Walk.).
5 <J(J, 2 99 Moyamba, Sierra Leone, March— May 1902 (D. Cator); 1 cJ,
2 99 Sierra Leone; 1 cJ .Benin City, Nigeria, January 1, 1900 (Dr. Ausorge) ;
1 (J, 4 9 9 Ogrugn, Niger ; 2 (J<?, 1 9 Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Bury).
Itt54. C. vittata (Druce).
1 cJ Lokoja, River Niger, October 1904, rainy season (D. Cator) ; 1 9
Moyamba, Sierra Leone (D. Cator).
( 160 )
lOoo. C. flavidus Bartel.
1 (? Okovaugo River, Angola, December 1891> (Penrice).
I<'"i0. C. gangis (Linn.).
1 cj South Java, l.")UU ft., \s'J\ (11. Friihstorfer) ; 1 <J Djember, Besoeki
Eesidency, Java, 1300—1500 ft., 1S',)2 (xMoUinger) ; 3 9? Wynkoopsbaai,
Palaboean Ratoe, Java (H. Frnhstorfer) ; 1 <J Boitenzoit, Java; 1 <J KanJang
Ampat, 1 c? Monnt Talang, Padaiig Bovenlanden, West Central Sumatra ; 1 cJ
Benkoelen, 1 ? Loeboe Rajab, West Sumatra (Ericsson) ; 1 3 Hili Madjedja, North
Nias, September — December 1895; 1 ? Mount Saj>it, 2000 ft., Lombok, May —
June ISOO (H. Frnhstorfer): 1 <J, I ? Bogor, looO m.. May— June 1896 (T. Z.
Kannegietcr) ; 1 ? Tji Kidang ; 0 (J o Tambora, Sumbawa, 2500 — 4000 ft., April —
June 1890; 2 cJ<J, 1 ? Sambawa, September ISOl ; 1 <? Adonara, November 1891
(W. Doherty); 1 <? South Flores, November 1890, dry season (A. H. Everett);
1 <J Selarn, January 3, 189T (Micholitz); 3 <? J South Celebes, Angn.st — September
1891 (\V. Doherty) ; 1 3 Banda, July 20, 1904; 1 <J, 1 ? Port Darwin; 5 <S 3 ,
9 ?? Queensland; 1 <S North Queensland; 2 <?<?, 2 ?9 Geraldton, 1 <?, 1 ?
Cedar Bay, North Queensland (A. S. Meek) ; 1 9 Cairns, North Queensland ; 1 <?
Mnlgarry River, 1 9 Townsville, Queensland (Barnard coll.); 5 99 Mackay,
Queensland; 2 99 Mount Dryauder, Queensland; 1 9 Mount Arajat, Luzon,
August 1903 (Browne); 2 33 Mount Tahan, Malay Peninsula (Waterstradt) ; 'i 3 3
Perak; 5 <J<J, 0 99 Penang, December 1896— April 1898 (Curtis); 3 <J(?, 3 99
Lower Burma; 1 9 Chieu-Hoa, August, 1 3 Mausson Mountains, 2000— 3000 ft.,
April— May (H. Frnhstorfer) ; 15 3 3, 16 ? 9 Ceylon ; 4 cJ<J, 1 9 Kandy, Ceylon
(4 3 3, January 1902, N. Charles Rothschild and Francis Gaynor) ; 5 3 3,1 ?
Pundaloya, Ceylon ; 1 9 Patipall River, Ceylon, April (this specimen has almost
entire forewings black) ; 2 3 3, 3 9 9 Diyatalawa Camp, 4200 ft., Ceylon (Findlay);
b 3 3, 5 9 9? (Felder coll. ; one ex Van Leneji coll. fignri'd liy ('ramer).
1057. C. leucanoides Holl.
2 33 Yelwa, Borgn, Niger ((Japt. Wilson); 1 9 Inenge Country, Gaboon,
November 29, 1907 (Dr. Au.sorge).
1058. C. punctivitta (Walk.).
1 9 Natal (A. J. Spiller).
1059. C. transiens (Walk.).
2 3 3, i 3 Naga Hills, Assam, 5500—7000 ft., September— October 1889
(W. Doherty); 1 9 Margarita, Upper Assam, May 1889 (W. Doherty); 1 <J, 3 99
Maudi, N.W. Himalayas, 3000—5000 ft., 1883 (G. Young) ; 1 3 Moneit
(W. Doherty); 1 o Darjeeling, 7500 ft., May— June 1889 (A. V. Knyvett) ; 1 3
East Pegu," 500— 4000 ft., March— April 1890 (W. Doherty); 1 cj, 1 9 Sikkim,
March 1888 (Otto Moller) ; 2 33 Mongpo Gamie, Sikkim; 1 cJ Bangalore,
September (H. J. Elwes coll.); 1 o ?; 6 cJ<J, 1 9 Darjeeling (F. Moller); 2 3 3,
2 9 9 Okinawa, Loo Choo Islands (1 3 March 9, 1902, A. W. Waters, N. Charles
Roth.schild; 1 <J, 2 9 9 March 1891, Dr. Fritze) ; -13 3, 5 99 Loo Choo Islands,
June — August 1886; 1 o Omei-Shan, West China; 3 99 Cheng-Mai, Hainan,
( 161 )
July 1902; 1 ? Luzon (Dr. Meyer) ; 2 <?<?, 2 ?? Kina Balii, N. Borneo; 8 <?<?,
4 ?? Mount Mulii, Nortli Borneo, luOO — 40(J0 ff., August,— December 1904
((.Iharles Hose); 1 ? Lavvas, April 1892, 1 ? Sarawrak, Nortli Borneo (A. Everett) ;
1 ^, 1 ? Sandakan, Borneo (Pryerand Cator); 1 <? Baram District, Sarawak (Charles
Hose) ; 1 ? Mount Marapok, Dent Province, British North Borneo ; 1 ? Kuciiing,
Borneo; 2 <? cJ Sarawak (Fehler coll.); 3 <?<? Bunguran, Natnna Islands, July —
October 1894 (Cliarles Hose); 1 <J South Celebes, August— Sejiteinber 1891
(W. Doherty); 2 cJ cJ North Celebes ; 1 <? Indrularaan, Bonthain Peak, South
Celebes, 2300 ft., October 1895 (A. Everett) ; 1 ? Uamboekers, Tondano, Celebes
(Weigall); 2?? Monado, North Celebes; 1 3 Tarabora, 2500—4000 ft., April-
May 1890 (W. Dolierty) ; 1 3 Sapit, Lomliok, 2000 ft., April 1896 (H. Fruhstorfer) ;
1 ? Java ; 1 3 Mount Arjuno, Java (W. Doherty) ; 1 ? Djeinber, Besoeki Resi-
dency, Java, 1300—2000 m., 1891 (Mollinger) ; 1 <S Padang Siderapoean, 3 <? cJ
Loeboe Rajah, West Sumatra, July— September 1897 (Ericsson) ; 1 o Mount
Tahuig, Padang Bovenlanden, West Snmatra ; 1 ? Upper Palembaag District,
Sumatra; 1 <3 Nias Island; 1 ?, 1 cJ Padang Rengas, Sumatra; 2 cJcJ, 3 ??
Penang, November 1896— January 1897; 1 3 Malay Peninsula (Adams); 1 ?
Pha-Hang, South Annam, 1 ? Chien-Hoa, Central Tonkin, August — September
(H. Fruhstorfer); 1 ? Tuungoo, November 10, 189ii ; 1 ? Moulmein; I 3 Upper
Churdwiss District, Burma; 2 cJ cJ Cherrapunji, Assam, August — October 1893;
5 t?(J, 9 ?? Khasia Hills, Assam, February— July 1894 (native collectors);
10 J (J, 1 ? Digboi, Assam (Mr. Brunt) -,433,1 3 Darjeeling, Sikkim (1 3
V. Moller, 1 ? J. G. Pilcher) ; 6 ?$ Bhutan ; 4 3 3,a99 Kulu District; 1 3
Knmaou, August 1892 (J. G. Pilcher); 1 o" North- West India; 4 3 3, 1 ?
Penmgah, N. Borneo, December 1893 ; 2 <? c? Chittagong Hills -,233,19 Calcutta ;
5 ? ? Nilgiris ; 6 <?<?, 4 ? ? ? (Felder coll.) ; 1 3 Mount Tahan, Malay Peninsula
(J. Waterstradt) ; 1 3 Maymyo, Shan States, June— August 1902 (Hauxwell); 1 ?
Porten, Hainan, July 1904; 1 cJ, 8 9 ? Mount Maropok, Dent District, British
North Borneo; 1 ? Baram District, Sarawak (Charles Hose); 6 3 3, 19 Batang
Proepoe, Padang Bovenlanden, West Sumatra, 1600 m., April 1896 ; 1 9 Haiphong
(Buckland); 1 9 Patjar, Bnitenzorg, Java, October — November 1897 (native
collectors) ; 1 9 Pangetalam, Dempo Government, Palembang, 2000 — 3000 ft.,
1890 (T. Z. Kaimcgieter) ; 1 9 Palaboean ; 1 ^, 1 9 Soekajioerakolot, Preanger,
Java, March — May 1899 (native collectors); 1 9 Hong-Kong; 1 9 Tambora,
2500—4000 ft. (W. Doherty).
1060. Hyphantria cunea (Drnry).
8 33? (2 3 3 Felder coll.) ; 2 o^5 New Hampshire, 1 <J New York, 13
Florida (Meyer coll.) ; S 3 3 New Windsor, New York ; 'i 3 3 New York ;
0 (J (J, 1 9 Texas; 1 3 Iowa; 2 larvae.
1061. Estigmene interfixa (Walk.).
2 33 Billop, February 1888 -,13?
1062. E. imbuta imbuta (Walk.).
1 3 Kumaon, July 1893 (J. G. Pilcher); 1 tJ, 2 9 9 Dalhousie, July 1891;
1 ? ? (H. J. Elwes coll.).
11
( loa )
1062a. E. imbuta sikkimensis snltspec. nov.
Differs from im. imbuta by the luucli lewiT and smaller white patches on the
forewiiig and black underside of abdomen.
Hab. Sikkim, 40u0— 7000 ft., June 1889 (Otto Mr.ller); Darjeeling (H. J.
Elwes) (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; Darjeeling (Dr. Lidderdale) ; Sikkim ; Bhutan.
7 (Jo% 2 ??.
1062b. E. imbuta khasiana stibspec. nov.
Differs from im. imbuta hy its entirely black hindwiiigs with narrow white
edges, and in the uervnres of forewiiigs being briglit orange, and those of hindwings
yellow.
Hab. Khasia Hills, Assam, May 1804-'J6 (native collectors) (1 S, 1 ?,
H. J. Elwes coll.).
4 (?<?, 1 ?.
]i)63. E. fiorescens (Moore).
1 cJ, 1 ? ? (Felder coll.) ; 1 (J, 1 ? Sikkim, 7000 feet, 1889 (<? Otto Moller ;
§ A. V. Knyvett, H. J. Elwes coll.); 3 (Jo,5 ?? Khasia Hills, Assam, May
lis94-00 (native collectors) (1 o H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 1 6 Cherrapunji, Assam,
September 1893.
1064. E. dissimilis (Dist.).
1 ? Weenen, 1 S Mooi River, 1 ? Natal ; 1 ? Transkei, Cape Colony (Miss
Barrett).
1065. E. unipuncta Hmpsn.
1 (? Bih(5, 2 SS Ambaca, 1 3 Cnbal River, Angola, April ls99 (Dr. Ansorge).
1066. E. tenuistrigata (Hmpsn).
0 <?<? Nairobi to Mount Kenia; 1 o, 1 +' Nairobi, British East Africa, 2 <?<?,
3 ? ? Eutebbe, Uganda (F. J. Jackson) ; 1 ? Kikuyu District ; 1 $ Talala, Ben-
gnella, December 1, 1905 (Dr. Ansorge).
1067. E. lemniscata (Dist.).
1 <J Transvaal ; 1 (J Barberton, South-East Africa (Dr. Percy Rendall).
1068. E. scita (Walk.).
2 o <J Lagos, West Africa ; 1 o Coast Region, Niger River ; 2 o <?, 1 ? Anam-
bara Creek, Niger River; 1 o Kibero, Uuyoro, August 18, 1897 (Dr. Ansorge);
1 (J Ase, Niger, August 4, 1901 (Dr. Ansorge) ; 1 <J, 2 ? 9 Ogrngn, Niger ; 3 <J(J,
1 ? Warri, Niger, April to July 1897 (Dr. Roth) ; 2 H Stanley Pool to Lnkolele,
Congo, 1894 (Harrison); 1 S Akasa, Niger; 1 ? Lokoja, Niger, October 19U4, rainy
season (D. Cator) ; 1 ? Sekondi, Gold Coast (N. T. Hamlyn) ; 2 o^ Gambaga,
Gold Coast (Dr. Bury).
1069. E. pembertoni spec. nov.
<J. Pectus and head smoky grey ; antennae pale bnffy brown ; thorax lemon
buff; abdomen smoky buff. Forowing lemon buff, a brown band from base
almost to outer margin near vein 6, a submarginal row of minute brown jioints, an
obscure brown streak between veins 2 and 4. Hindwing cream white.
( 103 )
Length of forewing : 10 min.
Hab. Bailnnihi, Angola, 19ul (H. Pemberton).
2 6S.
1070. E. rothi spec. nov.
S. Pectns, legs, palpi, head, ami antennae sooty ; thorax and abdomen bufifish
clay. Forewing bnfFy clay, median vein (3) black. Hindwing whitish clay-
bnff.
Length of forewing: 15 mm.
Hab. Warri, Niger, June 189: (Dr. Roth).
1 <?.
lOTl. E. laglaizei spec nov.
?. Head brownish baff ; antennae brown-black ; thorax brown-bnff ; a central
blackish line ; abdomen bnffisli orange, a central row of black spots. Fore- and
hindwings brown-bnft'.
Length of forewing : 18 mm.
Hab. Casamance, Senegambia (Laglaize).
1 ?.
1072. E. liparidioides spec. nov.
(J. Head and thorax bnffy lemon; antennae pale golden brown ; abdomen
orange. Forewing bnflfy lemon, a central blackish brown band from base to
onter margin at vein 4, a shorter one from centre of vein 8 along 6 to outer
margin, and a short subapical one on vein 9. Hindwing cream white.
Length of forewing : 17 mm.
Hab. Nairobi to Mount Kenia.
1 <?.
1073. E. ansorg'ei spec. nov.
S. Head and thorax bnff ; antennae black ; abdomen orange buff. Fore-
wing buff, veins pale brown. Hindwing bulT.
? similar.
Length of forewing : 18 mm.
Hab. Mtanda, Usogo, December 1896, Kampala, Uganda, January 1897 (Dr.
Ansorge).
1 <?, 1 9.
1074. E. unilinea spec. nov.
(J. Pectus and head pale sooty wood-brown ; antennae black ; thorax pale
chamois-brown ; abdomen chamois-buff with transverse black patches. Fore-
wing pale chamois-brown with broad central band of olive-black from base almost
to outer margin along veins 3 and 4. Hindwing pale chamois-buff.
Length of forewing : 10 mm.
Hab. Anambara Creek, Niger, type; Warri, Niger, July 1890 (Dr. Roth);
Ogrngu, Niger; Ase, Niger, August 1901 (Dr. Ansorge) ; Lokoja, Niger, October
1904, wet season (D. Cator) ; Sierra Leone; Bathurst ; Casamance, Senegambia
(Laglaize); Thifes, Senegambia, July 1907 (\V. Riggenbach).
10(JcJ,2??.
1075. E. neuriastis (Dist.).
1 (J, 1 ? Bihe, Angola {S Edward Sanders ; ? H. Pemberton).
( 164 )
1070. E. similis spec. nov.
<? Pectus, head, and thorax buff, tegiilae with oranj^je edges ; antennae, shafts
bnff, pectinations black ; abdomen orange with transverse black lines. Forewing
bnffy yellow. Hindwing pale whitish buff.
Length of forewing : 19 mm.
Hab. Ukerewe, Victoria Nj-anza.
1 (J.
1077. E. edlingeri (Bartcl).
4 ^^, 7 ? ? Agberi, Niger, July 1901 (Dr. Ansorge) ; 2 ? ? Lokoja, October
1904, wet season (D. Cator) ; 2 ? ? Assaba (Dr. Crosse) ; 1 ? Anambara Creek,
Niger; 1 $ Lagos, West Africa; 1 ? Canhoea, Angola (Dr. Ansorge).
1078. E. schraderi spec. nov.
<J. Head and thorax white, with a bla( k dot in centre of tegnlae and patagia ;
antennae black ; abdomen oi'ange, basal and anal segments white, a median dorsal
and lateral rows of black spots. Forewing white with nnmerons black dots.
Hindwing white.
? similar.
Length of forewing, 15 mm.
Hub. Saloraoua, Eritrea, November to December 1897 (Schrader) ; Bogos
(Hansal) (Felder coll.).
2(J(J,1 ?.
1079. E. jacksoni spec no v.
<?. Pectus sooty orange ; head white ; antennae white, pectinations short, sooty ;
tegulae white with yellow edges ; thorax white, each of the patagia with two black
dots; abdomen yellow with semi-hidden narrow black rings, basal segment and
clasper tnfts wliite. Forewing semihyaline white, a submarginal row of a few
scattered discal spots l)lack. ^Hindwing semiiiyaliue white.
Length of forewing : 2\ mm.
Hab. Entebbe (F. J. .Jack.^on), Kamjjala, March 1900, Uganda (Captain
Rattray).
1080. E. linea (Walk.).
40 <?<?, 2 ?? Transkei, 18 <JcJ, 3 ?? Amshaw, Cape Colony (Miss Barrett);
1 SS Grahamstown, Cape Colony; 1 ? Knysna ; 11 o cJ, 1 ? Natal (A. J. Spiller) ;
3 (JcJ, 1 5 Natal ; 2 cJ<J, 1 ? Durban, Natal (G. F. Leigh); 1 <J Newcastle, Natal
(Donovan); 9 ^cj, 2 ?? Weenen, Natal; 1 3 Mooi Biver, Natal ; 1 <? Pieter-
maritzburg; 1 ? Shilouvane, Transvaal (H. Junod) ; 1 c? South Africa; 1 S
Nggeleni, West Poudoland, February 27, 1903; 1 i Barberton, S.E. Africa (Dr.
Percy llendall).
1081. E. multivittata spec. nov.
S. Pectus, legs, and antennae brown ; head and thorax pale greyish cinnamon ;
base of patagia black ; abdomen, basal segment jiale greyish cinnamon, rest dirty
yellow with semi-concealed dorsal and lateral rows of black spots. Forewing j)ale
greyish bufl'y cinnamon, margins darker, all the nervures within very broad black
bands. Hiudwings whitish bnff.
( 165 )
9 has forewings and thorax dark oinnamoii brown, and the black nervular
bands are so wide that several coalesce and ahuost cover the disc.
Length of forewing : S 17 mm. ; ? 18 mm.
Hah. Lake Nakurn, British East Africa, March 1898 (Dr. Ansorge) ; Nairobi,
British East Africa, March — April 1905 (F. J. Jackson) ; Nairobi to Monnt Keaia.
12<?(J,3$$.
Some of the Nairobi o 3 have the forewings almost as dark in ground-colonr '
as the ? ? . This is the insect described by Sir George Hampsou as Estigmvne linea,
snbspec. 1 .
1082. E. trivitta (Walk.).
I tJ, 1 o Caiala, Bihe, Angola, October 1904 (Dr. Ansorge) ; 1 ? Mpeta,
Loangwa River, afflnent of Zambesi River, November — December ■1895, wet
season (Coryndon) ; 1 ? Kasangazi, Bandawe, Lake Nyassa, 3000 ft. (Dr. Prentice) ;
1 cJ, 1 ? Sonth Africa; 1 <3 Mooi River, Natal ; 1 ? Umbilo, Natal, March 1907
(G. F. Leigh); 1 o, 1 ? Nairobi, March— June 19U5 (F. J. Jackson).
1083. E. quadriramosa (Koll.).
II (J (J Dalhonsie, June— Jnly 1891 (1 S H. J. Elwes coll.); 3 (^ d' KuUi
District; 1 cj?, Ic?, 1 ? Kangra (Hocking) (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 1 t? Allahabad,
N.W. India; 1 9 Kumaon, Jnly 5, 1893 (J. G. Pilcher); 1 9 ? (Felder coll.).
1084. E. pura Butl.
0 <?<?, 4 99 Mpuapua, German East Africa (3 9 9, 1 d' Dr. Baxter); 1 (J
Mrnli, Unyoro, Blay 1897 (Dr. Ansorge).
1085. E. acraea acraea (Dniry).
1 c? ex larva found at Philadelphia; IcJ, 1 9 Cambridge, Blassachusetts, June
to August 1898 (Webster); 1 <J Georgia (Buchecker coll.); 1 cj, 1 9 Florida;
1 (? Montreal to Quebec (Grapes); 2 SS,'2 9 9 Canada; 1 9 Nelson, British
Columbia, June 1903; 1 9 Colorado (suffused with sooty); 14 (J (J, 4 9 9 Iowa,
June 1897 — August 1898; 6 <^^, 1 9 Colorado; 9 (JcJ, 1 9 Larima, Colorado,
5000 ft., July 1891; 4 (?<?, 3 9 9 Glenwood Springs, June 1901, 5 cJcJ, 5 99
Denver, 4 <?<?, 6 99 Durango, Colorado (E.J. Oslar) ; 1 c? ? ; 1 9 United States
of America; 7 cJt?, 4 99 (Felder coll., 2 c?J, 1 9 Rhode Island; 1 c? ex coll.
Lenep, type of Cramer's caprot'ui'i) ; 7 larvae.
1085a. E. acraea dubia (AV'alk.).
4 cJc? Mova Scotia.
1085b. E. acraea arizonensis subsp. nov.
Differs from acraea mexicana by the cJc? always being white and both sexes
being more heavily spotted on the wings and the black bars on abdomen longer and
wider than in typical a. mexicana.
Hah. Nogales, Arizona, Jnly 1903 (E. J. Oslar).
9 tJ(?,5 99
( 166 )
1085c. E. acraea mexicana (\V;ilk.).
4 <?(?, 2 ?? Orizaba, Mexico, Jannary— April 1896 (W. Schaus) ; 1 ?
Gaadalajara, Mexico (Buller) ; 1 <J, 1 ? .lalapa, Mexico; 1 <J, 1 ? Vera Cruz,
Mexico; 6 <S<S,2 ?? Cnernavaca, Mexico, July— September 1894 (Dr. Gailow) ;
6 <JcJ, 7 ?? Mexico (Felder coll., 1 <?, 1 ? Cnernavaca); 1 ? Cindad de
Guatemala (Rodriguez).
1085D. E. acraea Columbiana sub.spec. uov.
Differs from .1. arizonensis in the S by having only a marginal row of black
spots and a small black cellular stigma on fore- and hindwiugs, and in the ?
having pure white wings with two very minnte black specks at end of cell and a
minute black sp^ck above vein 1 in the forewings.
Hah. Popayan, Colombia (Lehmann) ; 1 6 Santa Rita, 1 <? Espejuelo, Cali,
Canca "Valley, April— May 10i)6 (Payne & Brinkley).
13 cJJ, 1 ?. "
1085e. E. acraea alba (Stretch).
14 <JcJ, 3 2? Costa Rica (Uuderwuo.l) ; 2 6S San Jose, I 6 Asahar de
Cartago, February 1890 (Underwood) ; 1 o Costa Rica, 1500 m. (M. de Mathau).
1086. E. ceylonensis Hmpsn.
2 (J (?, 1 ? Shevaray Hill, 400O ft.
1087. E. irreg'ularis (Moore).
1 <J,3 ?? Ceylon.
l'»88. E. perrotteti perrotteti (Gner.).
1 <J Ganjam (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 1 o Travtuicore (Place); 1 o, 1 ? Belgaum,
July— August is'.io; 2 cJo Palli Hill, Bandera, July 1897; 1 ? Sabathu, Simla;
1 ? Bombay ; 1 ? Poona, 1893 [ab. iiif/ricans (Moore)].
1088a. E. perrotteti cingulata subspec. nov.
Differs from p. perrotteti in the much more woolly thorax, the black patagia
with [lale pink edges, and the black abdomen above ringed with carmine.
Ilah. Ooty.
1 S.
This may be a distinct species.
1089. E. vittata (Moore).
2 <J(? Madura District, South India, March— June 1906 (H. Campbell);
6 ^<J, 1 2 Peermaad, Travancore ; 3 6 o Travancore (Place); 5 o cJ, 2 ? 9 Nilgiris ;
1 6 (ex coll. Felder) labelled " Chelonia Perrotteti Gu6r. le. R. Anim. (type)."
If this is true, what has hitherto been called perrotteti must be called bignttata
Moore, and rittata Moore sinks as a synonym of perrotteti. 2 (J cJ Rangoon;
4 (?(?, 1 9 Sevan Mailey ; 1 6 Palni Hill.
( 167 )
1000. Peiicallia aequata aequata (Walk.).
3 (?(?, 1 ? South flelebes, Ang:nst— September 1891 (W. Doherty); 1 c? ? ;
1 ? Bantopmoeniiig, South Celebe.s, September 12, 1882 (C. Ribbd) ; 1 ?
Patiiraiang, Soutli Celebes, January 1896 i H. Fruhstorfer) ; 2 2? Maros, South
Celebes, May 190(j_January 1007 (Dr. JIartin) ; 1 ? Makassar, December 190(5
(Dr. Martin).
IoOoa. p. aequata lorquini (Feld.).
This form from North Celebes is a very distiuct subspecies ; it differs from
aeqnata aequata in the rj by the basal two-tliirds of tlie hindwings being orange
and the outer one-third black; not black with a central orange band. The 9 differs
by the orange band of the hindwings being double the width.
3 (?(?, 1 ? ?; 2 $9 Tawaya, north of Palos Bay, August— September 1896
(W. Doherty); 3 99 North Celebes, July— August 1899; 1 9 Sawangan, North
Celebes; 1 9 type of .br^w«(V«r« /o/y/m/m// (Felder coll.).
lo91. P. everetti spec. uov.
(?. Larger than aequata ; pectus orange ; head and antennae black ; legs sooty
brown ; tegiilae black bordered with orange ; rest of thorax sooty brown-black ;
abdomen above sooty brown-black, a broad lateral orange band and last three
segments before anal segment very narrowly ringed with orange. Forewing
sooty black-brown, veins paler, a buff patch reaching from costa across apex
of cell. Hindwing orange, a heavy black border brown-black one-third
the width of the wing ; an irregular median brown-black band of varying width
reaches from inner area to costa.
Length of forewing : 22 mm.
Hah. Lulrnlaman, Bonthain Peak, 2300 ft., October 1895 (A. Everett).
1 <?.
1092. P. ricini (Fabr.).
13 <Jc?, 20 9 9 Ceylon (2 <?<?, 1 9 Nietner, ex Felder coll.; 4 <?d', 1 9
Pnndalaya ; 1 9 ?, 1 9 Darabiilla, 1 9 Kandy, Newman ; 3 9 9 Green, ex H. J.
Elwes coll. ; 1 9 Diyatalawa Camp, 4200 ft., Findlay) ; 1 9 Trincomalee, March 10,
1901 ; 3 (?<?, 1 9 Travancore (Place) ; 1 <J, 5 99 Nilgiris; 1 <?, 1 9 Calicut, May
—July 1897; 1 <J Calcutta; 1 $ Poona, 1893; 1 9 Bombay; 1 9 Mea Mea,
August 14, 1890; 1 9 Palli Hill, Pandora, September 22, 1896 "(yellow hindwing) ;
1 9 Chota ; 1 S Kanclii (Irvine), 1 o Ganjam, 2 9 9 Bangalore, 1 9 Kajahmandry,
Godavery, October 1882 (Norris); 1 9 Belgaum, 2 99 Bombay, October 1892,
1 9 Khasia Hills, Assam (Hamilton) (H. J. Elwes coll.), last four with yellow
hiudwing ; 1 9 Ajmere, September 1, 1892; 1 9 Sikkim; 1 o Darjeeling
(J. G. Pilcher); 3 99 Chandkhira, Silhet ; 1 $ Sabathu, Simla; 3 <?<?, 8 99
(Felder coll., 1 (J, 2 9 9 yellow hiudwings ; 1 9 Stoliczka) ; 1 9 Cuddapah; 1 9
Madras, August 3, 1889.
1093. P. transversa (Moore).
1 (J, 1 9 Murree, N.W. India. Moore's type, hitherto unique, has lost the
abdomen, I therefore give the description here. Abdomen crimson, a dorsal row
of transverse black bauds and lateral rows of black spots ; anal segment white
with large black patch.
( 168 )
1U94. P. sjoestedti (Auriv.).
1 <J Wassau District, 45 miles inland fiom Sckdndi, Gold Coast.
Mil-"). P. lasti sin'o. uov.
<?. Pectus, legs, head, and antennae black; collar red; thorax black;
abdomen crimson, first segment black, a dorsal row of black spots, anal tnft
yellow. Forewing black, an oblique white baud from centre of costa to vein 1
just before tornus. Hindwing black, a round white patch on vein 2.
$. Differs in having abdomen below entirely yellow, not black edged
segmeutally with yellow, and in having two white jiatches on hindwing.
Hah. Morondava, Madagascar (Last).
1 (J, 1 ?.
109C. P. dulla duUa (Pagenst.).
Dr. Pagenstecher described this sj)eeies under the name of Agarista dulla
in 188'!, in the Jahrhiicker dcs Xas-vtuischeii W-rriiig Jtir yaturlmnde, but it is
undoubtedly an Arctiid, and fits best into the genus Pericallia. Sir George
Hampson places it among the unrecognised species, and quite rightly so, as he had
never seen it.
1 ¥ Kei Toeal, Kei Islands, March 1, 1.S9G (H. C. Webster).
1096a. p. dulla aurantiaca subspec. nov.
?. Differs from the + of (/. dull i by tlie bauds of tlie forewing being of a
bright rufous orange, aud the patch on the hindwing reaching the tornus and the
fringe.
Hab. Kapaur, S.W. New Guinea.
1 ?.
109()B. P. dulla borealis subsjiec. nov.
<J. Pectus, legs, aud head pale orange ; antennae fuscous and strongly
pectinated ; thorax jiale orange, centre blackish, a black dot on the tegnlae ;
abdomen above black, below pale orange, anal tuft orange. -Forewing orange,
outer third black, the black running along subcostal to middle of cell, a very broad
black band from base along vein 1 to just before tornus ; joined to this band is
a black patch below vein 1 just before tornus. Hindwing black, with broad
orange margin becoming narrower towards tornus.
? Differs fVoui ? d. dulla, the orange patcii on hindwing being much larger,
wedge-shaped, and reaching obliquely from tornus to vein 6, aud in having a
small terminal orange patcli to hindwing.
In the 2 ? ? from Humboldt Bay one has the terminal orange spot much
enlarged ; in the other it is absent.
llah. Dorey, North- West New Guinea, June 1&9T ; Humboldt Bay, North-
West New Guiuea, September— October 1893 (W. Doherty).
1 <?, 0 ??.
M97. P. nephelistis Hmiisu.
9 <J(J, 2 ? ? Bihe, Angola (4 cJ<?, October lOoI, H. Pemberton ; .i <J<J, 2 ? $
May— November 1902, Edward Sanders); I o North Bailundu, Angola, 19Ul
(H. Pemberton); 1 <? Loanda, Angola (Welwitsch) (Fehler coll.); (i (^<J, 3 ??
Pungo Andongo, March — June 1875 (A. von Homey er).
( 169)
1098. P. picta (Walk.).
2 (J(? Cheng-Mai, Hainan, July 1903 (one has red rei^laced by yellow) ; 1 <?,
1 5 Moulmein : 1 cj Siam, 1890-91 (Roberts).
Iit99. P. geometrica (Oberth.).
1 ? Addis Abeba, Abyssinia, October 10, I'.JOti (Oscar Neumann).
lino. P. ellioti (Butler).
2 <?(^, 3 ? ? Mauow, German East Africa.
Hill. p. dentata (Walk.).
3 cJtJ Palli Hill, Bandora, July 13, ISDii,
1 ? Kulu.
1 (J, 2 ?? Bombay.
1102. P. pannosa (Moore).
1103. P. sipahi (Moore).
1104. P. imperialis (Koll.).
4 33 Knln District ; 2 ocJ, 1 ?? (Felder coll.) ; 1 3 Randakeit, North- West
India (Mansfield) ; 1 $ Darjeeling (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 1 ? India (Meyer coll.).
1105. P. galactina galactina (Hoev.).
1 ? ? (Felder coll.); 2 3 3 Palaboean, South Java, ls'.)2 (H. Fruhstorfer) ;
1 (J, 1 ? Java; 2 33 West Java ; 1 o, 1 ? Mount Arjuno, Java (W. Duherty)
(H. J. Elwes coll.).
This is Sir George Hampson's "Snbspecies 1," but is the typical form.
11U5A. P. galactina trigonalis (Voll.).
This name lias priority over Driice's ra/ia. It is a good subspecies and not
an aberration.
] 3, 2 ? ? Batang Proepoe ; 1 ? Padang Pandiang, Padang Bovenlanden,
West Central Sumatra, 1897 (T. Z. Kannegieter) ; 1 ? Deli, North-East Sumatra;
1 ? Fort de Kock, Sumatra ; 2 ?? Sumatra; 1 <J, 1 ? Government Hill, Penang,
2500 ft., March 30, 1898 (C. Cnrtis).
llOoB. P. galactina orientalis (Walk.).
5 cJcJ, 5 ? ? Khasia Hills, Assam (native collectors) ; 1 cJ ? ; 6 cJcJ, 1 ? Naga
Hills, Assam, 5500-7000 ft., September- October 1889 (W. Doherty), 1 <J, 1 ?
Sikkim, looO— 4500 ft. (Otto MoUer), 1 ? Mongpa Sikkira, July 1886 (H. J. Elwes),
1 ? Randakeit, N.W. India (Mansfield; (H. J. Elwes coll.) ; 1 6 Assam ; 1 J, 1 ?
Cherrapunji, Assam ; 1 $ Shillong, Assam, April, 1903 ; 1 ? ? ; 13 Bhutan ;
1 ? Darjeeling (Fritz MoUer) ; 1 ? Sikkira, June II, 1889 (J. G. Pilcher) ;
1 (?, 3 ? ? Sikkim (Mandelli) (Felder coll.). 1 6 from the Naga Hills, and 1 <S ?,
and 4 (J (J, 1 S from the Khasia Hills have the vertex and collar crimson and the
inner area pale crimson ; 1 ? from the Khasia Hills has the forewings almost
entirely black, and the hindwings much clouded with sooty black ; 1 ? from the
Khasia Hills has the forewings almost entirely white.
( no )
1106. p. melanopsis (Walk.).
3 <J<J ? (Felder coll., 1 is type of Aloa callisoma Feld.) ; 5 <J^, 4 ? ? Ceylon
(1 S Newman; 1 ? Pundaloya, March 1897; 2 ?? Diyatelawa Camp, 4200 ft.
(Findlay).
im:. p. tripartita (Walk.).
1 S Lower Burma ; 6 cJ o, 2 ? ? Moiilmein, Burma ; 1 cJ Youboi, Hainan,
Jnne 1904.
1108. p. conjuncta Hmpsn.
1 S Sapit, Lombok, 2000 ft., May— June 1896 (H. Fruhstorfer) ; 1 (? Lombok,
1000 ft., Jnne 1896 (A. Everett).
1109. p. obliquifascia Hmpsn.
8 (?(J, 8 ? ? Moulmein, Burma; 2 Jc?, 3 ? 9 Lower Burma ; 1 o Rangoon ;
1 S ? (Felder coll.) ; 1 ? Naga Hills, Assam, 5500-7000 ft., September— October
1889 (W. Doherty), 1 ? Mandi, N.W. Himalayas, 3000—5000 ft., 1883 (G. Young)
(H.J. Elwes coll.); 1 9 Maymyo, Shan States, June— August 1902 (Hau.xwell) ;
1 ? Chengmai, Hainan, July 1902.
1110. Pericallia williami spec. nov.
Allied to obliquifascia.
S. Legs, pectus, paljn, frons, and antennae sooty black-brown ; vertex buff with
black dot in centre ; thorax sooty black-brown, onter edge of tegnlae and the
patagia whitish buflf ; abdomen orange with transverse bars of sooty black-brown,
anal segment sooty black-brown, clasj)er tufts orange. Forewing sooty black-
brown, a somewhat irregular elbowed creamy white central band from base of wing
to termen, three white snbmarginal spots between veins 2 and 6, the central one
much the largest. Hindwing creamy white, a discocellular sooty spot and another
at tornus, inner area pale orange.
?. Similar, but hindwings pale orange with sooty margins and the spots larger ;
forewings have only one snbmarginal s])ot.
Length of forewing : c? 17 mm., ? 18 mm.
Hab. Bali, low country, March — April 1896 (W. Doherty), type ; Mount Gedd,
West Java, 4000 ft., 1896 (H. Fruhstorfer) ; Palaboean, Java ; Residency of Djember,
Java.
4 Jc?,3 ??.
1111. P. whiteheadi spec. nov.
? . Pectus orange ; legs pale brown outside, orange inside ; head orange, two
black dots on frons, one on vertex ; antennae pale brown ; thorax cream-colour with
ten black dots, tegulae edged with orange ; abdomen pale orange with central
dorsal row of black spots. Forewing browu, a large baso-subbasal cream j)atch
with three browu dots at base, a similar patch in centre of cell reaching from
vein 3 almost to costa ; at the apex of cell and on disc a large irregular bifurcated
cream-coloured patch from costa bifurcating at vein 4, one fork reaching outer
margin at vein 2, the other fork nearly reaching inner margin one-third from
tornas, an apical cream patch. Hindwing pale orange edged with brown ; this
( 171 )
colour expands at termen and at tornns into a large jjatcb, in centre of terminal
patch a pale orange spot.
Length of forewing : 27 mm.
Hab. Cape Engano, North Luzon (J. Whitehead).
2 ??.
1112. P. integrra (Walk.).
1 ? Tarlac, Luzon, Philippine Islands (Browne).
1113. P. matronula (Linn.).
9 c?c?, 0 $ ? ? (5 cJcJ, 5 ? ? Felder coll.); 1 c?, 1 ? Germany (Meyer coll.) :
1 ? Bavaria ; 2 c^cJ, 2 ? ? Germany (Groum-Grsclimailo coll.) : 1 <J, 1 ? Silesia ;
1 S Kroiistadt, Transylvania ; 1 S Jesio, Hokkaido, Japan, July 1901 ; 1 6
Snchan, South Ussuri district, near Nachodka Bay.
1114. P. erosa (Walk.).
6 <?(?, 3 ?? Ceylon.
1115a. p. matherana rubelliana Swinh.
1 <S Peerraaad, Travancore ; 1 6 Nilgiris, 1 ? Travancore (Place) ; 1 ? Mer-
kara, October 1903.
1110. P. distorta (Moore).
1 (J ? (yellow hindwings) ; 1 ? Mussoorie, 1903.
1117. P. rudis (Walk.).
1 cj, 1 ? Toli-Toli, North Celebes, November to December 1895 (H. Frnhstor-
fer) ; 1 ? North Celebes ; 4 § ? Sawangau, North Celebes ; 1 <J, 3 ? ? Tawaya,
north of Palos Bay, Celebes, August to September 1896 (W. Doherty).
1118. P. posinuntia (Stoll).
2 ?$ Kayeli, Bouru, March 1897 (W. Doherty); 1 ? Sula Besi, October 1897
(W. Doherty) ; 1 ? Oeliasers, Island of Saparoea, January 1892 (Martin E.xpedition).
1119. P. plutonica plutonica (Feld.).
Sir George Hampson has placed tricolor Pagenst. and biirica Holl. as
.synonyms of the above, but they are quite distiuct sub-species. 1 ? Type Moluccas
(Lorqnin) (Felder coll.).
11!9a. p. plutonica burica (Holl.).
1 6 Kayeli, Bouru, Blarch 1897 (W. Doherty).
1119b. p. plutonica distinguenda (Walk.).
2 <JcJ Sawangan, North Celebes; 1 <J, 1 ? Tawaya, north of Palos Bay,
Celebes, August to September 1896 (W. Doherty).
( 172)
DESCRIPTIONS OP NEW SPECIES OF ABCTIANAE IN
THE TRING MUSEUM.
By the HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pii.D.
1. Ecpantheria kennedyi spec. uov.
o. Similar to m>is Obertb. but larger. Differ.s as follows : pectus black, not
wbite ; legs deep steel-blue with si.K narrow whitish bands, not white with nine
or tea black bauds ; palpi black, not wbite ; head pale grey, not white ; tegulae
grey, not white ; two steel-blue lines start from a common point some distance from
base forming a V on each tegula, not two widely separated ]iarallel lines starting
from base ; j)atagia steel-blue with uiouse-grey borders, not greyish white with
two parallel black lines; thorax grey with two steel-blue j)arallel bauds, not
greyish-white with four hair lines. Abdomen, basal three segments and anal
segment white, rest steel-blue. Forewing semihyaline white, basal one-third,
inner area to vein 2 and costal area pale grey, not white; spots on costal and
inner areas larger, grey, not white, with distinct much broader steel-blue borders,
not hair-like black ones. Hiudwing white.
Hah. Preto, Minas Geraes.
1 (J.
~. Ecpantheria mus brasiliensis subspec. uov.
cJ. iSimilar to /«'/.s mi(s, \mi larger, and ground-colour grey, not wbite; mark-
ings more prououuced.
?. Ground-colour of forewiugs mouse-grey, not white.
Ilab. Castro, Parana, Brazil, July 1897 (Type) (E. U. Joues) ; Sapucay,
Paraguay, October l'JU2 (W. Foster); Oorcovado.
6(J5,7 ??.
3. Ecpantheria magdalenae steinbachi subspec. nov.
<J. Similar to m. ina<fditli'nae but much larger, and the three discal bauds
of dark jialches ou forewings closer together, owing to the innermost one being
farther from the base. Hiudwing more suffused with orange, tail longer ami
wider. Abdomen much blacker above, owing to the black bands being wider and
longer.
Hab. Buenavista, E. Bolivia (J. Steinbach).
3<Jc?.
4. Ecpantheria burmeisteri spec. uov.
S. Nearest allied to kinkelini Bnrm. Pectus brown-grey; palpi bntf; frons
black; head creamy white; antennae black; thora.x white, a grey-brown dot
on tegulae, two grey-brown spots ringed with black on patagia, two blue-black
spots at juncture witli abdomen ; abdomen scarlet, two lines of steel-blue dorsal
patches, last segment but one dorsally blue-black, anal segment above Iduisli
brown, basal segment white, centrally brown. Forewing: basal two-thirds white
with four transverse rows of brown-grey patches ringed with black, outer one-third
hyaline with two indistinct similar rows. Hiudwing semihyaline white, two
minute dusky dots at tornus.
( 173 )
$. Much larger, whole forewiiig [liiikish wliite witli Rcven very distinct
transverse rows of patches. Himlwing white with irregular rows and patches
of dark grey. Abdomen differs in the steel-bine patches being larger and grey
ringed with steel-bine ; on second segment the two patches are nnited into one
large patch.
Length of forewing : 3 24 mm. ; ? 29 mm.
Hab. Tucuman (J. Steinbach).
1 <J,4 ??.
5. Ecpantheria dognini spec. nov.
Allied to rohnsfa Dogn., but diliers as follows: (J smaller; pectns white, not
stcel-blne ; palpi brown with white margin, not steel-blne with only first joint with
white margin ; frons brown, not bine-black ; tegnlae, basal half white, apical half
monse-grey, not white witii bhick central round ring ; patagia monse-grey edged
with white, not white with kidney-siiapeil black ring ; tliorax white with four
mouse-grey patches, not white with four greyish white patches ringed with steel-
blue. Abrlomen, first segment brown, not greyish with three steel-blne patches ;
rest of abilomen above steel-blne with an orange chevron on the fourth, fifth, and
sixth segments and lateral orange longitudinal bands, not metallic bluey purple
with orange segmental rings. Forewings less hyaline and with six bands of
patches. Hindwings white, not hyaline with inner area white.
?. Also smaller ; the hindwings three parts covered with dark grey blotches
and abdomen steel-blue with lateral longitudinal orange bands.
Ilab. Rio de Janeiro and neighbourhood (Petropolis).
1 <J,1 ?.
0. Ecpantheria testacea spec. nov.
S- Pectus pale cinnamon testaceous; pal[ii butT; frons black; head and
thorax pale cinnamon testaceous, a blackish grey oval ring on the patagia and
some blackish dots on thorax ; abdomen above greyish steel-blne, basal and anal
segments pale testaceous, a row of dorsal patches and lateral longitudinal bands
orange. Forewing ]iale cinnamon testaceous, outer one-fourth more semihyaline,
a large blackish stigma at apex of cell, five transverse bands of blackish grey
rings. Hindwing hyaline, except inner area whitish ; inner area smoky brownish
testaceous.
?. Similar but paler and larger; forewing testaceous white with six transverse
bands of cinnamon testaceous patches, no cellular stigma. Hindwing testaceous
white with a marginal and snl>marginal row of pale testaceous patches.
Length of forewing : S 24 mm. ; ? 30 mm.
Hab. Peru: Poznzu ; La Oroya and La Union, Carabaya ; Chanchamayo.
14 Jc? ,5 ? ¥.
7. Ecpantheria icasia trinitatis snbspec. nov.
S. Differs from icasia icasia by the absence of the black patches on the dorsal
surface of abdomen, which are replaced by white bauds.
? . Differs by the absence of the dark rings to the white patches on the
abdomen and paler markings on forewings.
Ilab. Caparo and Belmont, Port of Spain, Trinidad.
41 66, 1 ?.
( 174 )
8. Ecpantheria melanoleuca spec. nov.
d. Pectus, legs, head aud antennae sooty brown; palpi golden buff; tliorax
sooty brown, paler margins to tegnlae and patagia ; abdomen sooty brown, a
testaceous central and orange lateral Viands. ^lAtrewing white, five broad irregular
transverse bands of sooty brown coalescing blotches, the third and fourth forked
from vein 0 to costa. Hiudwing white, two dark grey dots at tornus, a subapical
one, and one in cell.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Bab. Suncho Corral, Santiago del Esterro (J. Steinbach).
1 <S.
9. Ecpantheria oslari spec. nov.
(J. Near albescens Hmpsn.
Pectus black and white ; inside of tibiae orange ; frons black with central
white line ; vertex white ; antennae white above, sooty beneath ; tegnlae white with
central black ring ; patagia white with kidney-shaped black ring ; thorax orange
bull' with central black ring; abdomen orange. Forewing white with seven
transverse bands of coalescing mouse-grey patches each with a black ring, the
second and third band from base broken into two just below vein 13. ^Hindwing
satiny white with a costal band of pale sooty brown to just before termen.
Length of forewing : 18 mm.
Hab. Asper Ranch, Brownsville, Texas.
1 6.
lu. Apantesis fasciata pyrenaica subspec. nov.
(J. Differs from fasciata fasciata by its bright crimson pectus and sides of
chest and broad crimson collar. The forewing is entirely black except the white
basal area, and has four narrow irregular zigzag white bands. The hindwing has
the whole inner area yellow, not scarlet as \n fasciata fasciata ; the scarlet border is
more than half obliterated, and there is a large extra black patch from costa to
vein 2 across centre of wing.
Hab. Val d'Aras, Spanish Pyrenees, Jnne 1907 (Mousqu^s).
1 S.
1 1 . Hypomolis palmeri spec. nov.
S. Legs sooty grey; pectus scarlet; palpi and frons scarlet; frons, tegnlae,
and patagia dark lavender grey ; antennae sooty grey ; thorax dull red in front, rest
brownisli bronzy olive ; abdomen brick-red. Forewing, costa scarlet with a black
spot one-fifth from base, pale lavender grey with two black spots along subcostal
vein ; a black spot on vein 8 one-sixth from termen, rest of wing bronzy apple green
with a brownish lavender grey shade on disc, central two-thirds of inner area to
vein 1 plum-black, from this plum-black area an elbowed dark line runs to vein 3
from basal end, and two parallel dark lines from apical end to vein 2 ; on the disc
is an irregular dark line surrounding the lavender shade. Hindwing salmon-
colour.
Length of forewing : IT mm.
Hab. San Antonio, West Colombia, 5800 ft., December 1907 (M. G. Palmer).
2 JcJ, 4 9 ?.
( 175 )
12. Palaeomolis garleppi spec. nov.
cJ. Legs, pectus, head, and thorax ciiiiianinn ; anteonao rnfona ; abdomen paler
cinnamon. Forewing biowni.sh cinnamon, a cnrved waved black transverse line
one-third from base from costa to inner margin, a similar broader line from inner
margin to lower angle of apex of cell where it forks, the inner furk reaching costa,
the enter vein 10; beyond this a third waved transverse line from inner margin to
costa oue-fonrth from termen. Hindwing pale bnffish cinnamon, an indistinct
dusky cellular stigma.
Length of forewing : 13 mm.
Hab. Rio Tanampaya, Bolivia, 1 894 (Garlej)p).
1 cJ.
13. Palaeomolis hampsoni spec. nov.
(J. Legs and head dnll brownish red ; antennae brown ; thorax chocolate
washed with mauve, abdomen salmon buff. Forewing, costa, and uervurea
orange scarlet, inner area below vein 1, costal area between costa and subcostal,
and a patch between veins 2 and 5 mauve, outer marginal area broadly orange
buff washed with brown, rest of wing bronzy grass green, some indistinct wavy
dark lines on disc. Some specimens are browner, and have three distinct wavy
discal lines.
Length of forewing : 16 mm.
Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru (Ockenden).
1.5 SS.
14. Pygarctia fusca spec. nov.
S. Pectus and legs sooty grey ; forecoxae pale crimson ; head, tegulae, and
antennae sooty brown, collar crimson; thorax sooty brown; patagia edged
inwardly with crimson ; abdomen salmon crimson. Forewing sooty brown,
crimson at base. Hindwing semihyaline, brownish grey, darker towards outer
margin.
? . Similar, but larger.
Length of forewing : S 20 mm. ; ? 2.5 mm.
llab. Tucson, Arizona, May 19, 1903 (Type) (J. E. Oslar) ; San Jose,
Costa Rica, September 1902 (Underwood).
2 (?<?, 1 ?.
15. Pygarctia oslari spec. nov.
3. Pectus pink; head grey and pink; antennae black; thorax pale whitish
buffy grey; tegnlae and patagia slightly edged with i)ink; abdomen salmon
crimson. -Fore- and hindwing creamy whitish grey.
Length of forewing : 10-5 mm.
Hab. Las Vegas, New Mexico, July 1902 (J. E. Oslar).
3 <J<J.
10. Stenarctia abdominalis spec. nov.
6 . Pectus pale crimson ; legs sooty brown ; head and antennae and thorax
brownish cinnamon, black central spots on tegulae ; abdomen much elongated,
salmon-colour, a black spot on each side of segments 2 to 7 ; anal tuft very large,
pale crimson; clasper tufts yellow. Forewing cinnamon brown, a black dot
( 176)
on costii two-fifths IVora base, and a sefiond one above apex of cell, and one in
middle of cell. Hindwing paler butfish cinnatnnn l)rown.
Length of forewing : Ifi mm.
Hub. Moyamba, Sierra Leone, March U'Oil (1). Cator).
1 <?.
17. Chlorhoda thoracica spec. nov.
(?. Pectus crimson ; legs crimson ; tarsi ringed with black inside of tibiae,
and coxae pale green; palpi crimson; antennae dark brown; head and thorax
bright green ; collar crimson ; ]iatagia broadly edged with crimson ; abdomen
crimson. Forewing bright green ; costa golden yellow, inner margin scarlet,
at one-third from liase and two-thirds from liase a black streak about 2 mm. long
runs into wing from costa and inner margin respectively (4 in all). Hindwing
semihyaline, orange bnff slightly washed with pale green on outer area.
?. DiflVrs in having the patagia only slightly edged with crimson, the green
of forewing much deeper and more bluish, and tlie hindwing semihyaline crimson;
fringe dee]) crimson, a black dot at tornus.
Length of forewing : <J 21 mm.; ? I'J mm.
Jldb. La Oroya, Carabaya, S.E. Peru (Ockenden).
2<J<J,1$.
18. Seirarctia jacksoni spec. nov.
i3. Pectus, head, and thorax sooty rufous brown ; antennae white, pectinations
rufous ; abdomen whitish cinnamon with black transverse bands. Forewings
rufous, i prorated and banded with sooty black; a black cellular stigma. Hind-
wings cinnamon pink, a sooty cellular stigma, and an interrupted semi-obsolescent
snbmarginal sooty band.
?. Similar, but ground-colour of forewings cinnabar red; hindwiugs and
abdomen salmon pink.
Length of forewing : 3 19 mm. ; ? 23 mm.
Hub. Nairobi to Mount Kenia, British East Africa (Jackson).
2 SS, 1 ?.
I'.i. Turruptiana thursbyi spec. nov.
<J. Pectus, legs, and tegulae iirange ; thorax orange ; patagia sooty black
broadly edged with orange ; abdomen black-brown with broad lateral crimson
bands. Forewings sooty black, basal one-fourth slightly variegated with whitish
grey, median and postmedian waved transverse bands bullish grey white.
Hindwing crimson, with broad black border not iiuite reacliing tornus. One
specimen has more white on forewing, and two others have the transverse bands
dark grey.
Length of forewing : lo mm.
JJal/. Valley del Lago Wanco, Chubut, Patagonia (Thursby).
5 (JcJ.
20. Stidzaeras strigifera ockendeni subspec. nov.
?. Differs from .s. stri(jij'ci-a Uruce by the brigiit scarlet not orange-yellow
head and tegulae, the almost absent strigilations on the forewing, the last three
segments of abdomen being black above and below, only orange laterally, and in
the brown-grey of outer area of hindwing being broader and running into orange-buff
area in streaks.
( 177 )
Length of forewing : 28 mm.
Hab. La Union, Carabaya, S.E. Pern (Ockenden).
1 ?.
2L Mallocephala mag^na spec. nov.
<?. Pectus orange-brown ; head and thorax brown ; tegulae margined with
orange ; antennae buflSsh, pectinations brown ; abdomen orange. Forewing deep
wood-brown; costa creamy bnff. Hindwing semihyaline wliite; basal two-thirds
of inner margin orange; costa and two-thirds of onter margin dnll brownisli grey.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Ilab. Salta, North Argentina (J. Steinbach).
1 <?.
22. Mallocephala brittoni spec. nov.
(J. Head, thorax, abdomen, and forewing brownish cream-colour. Hindwing
white; antennae pale brown.
Length of forewing : 15 mm.
Hab. La Soledad, Entr.e Rios, Argentina, January 1899 (Miss E. A. Britton).
6 (?<J.
2;i. Mallocephala venata spec. nov.
(?. Pectus white; head and tegulae pale grey; antennae rufous ; thorax white;
abdomen orange, densely clothed with white hairs almost hiding orange. Fore-
wing pale mouse-grey, with nervures all broadly white. -Hindwing white.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Hab. Preto, Minas Geraes.
1 (J.
24. Mallocephala insipida spec. nov.
<?. Legs, pectus, and head clay -grey ; antennae rufous grey ; thorax, abdomen,
and forewing cinnamon clayish grey. -Hindwing greyish white.
Length of forewing : 16 mm.
Hab. La Gama, Argentina, November 1^99.
4 <?<?.
25. Antarctia quadrata spec. nov.
? . Nearest to honora Schaus.
Differs by the paler foxy brown thorax and forewing, the latter sprinkled
with golden scales ; the abdomen is darker orange, and lacks the large terminal
buff cushion. Hindwing paler, and with basal half of inner area orange.
Length of forewing : 22 mm.
Hab. Sapucav, Paraguay, September 2, 1901 (W. Foster).
1 ?.
20. Antarctia palmeri spec. nov.
<?. Pectns and logs deep brown ; head and thorax wood-brown ; antennae
bnff, pectinations j)alo brown ; abdomen orange-brown. Fore- and hindwing
greyish wood-brown.
? . Much larger ; pectus, legs, head, thorax, and forewing very deep wood-
brown. Hindwing paler; antennae pale brown; abdomen black-brown, each
segment with a terminal belt of long tliii'k orange hair.s ; a large buff anal
cnshion.
Length of forewing : cJ 18 mm. ; ? 20 mm.
12
( 178 )
Ilab. San Antonio, West Colomljia, December 1907, 5800 ft. (M. G. Palmer);
Popayan, Colombia (Lelimann); Coriente, Cauea Valley, Tome, Cauca Valley,
February 19<)7 (Paine and Brinkley) ; Bogota (Child) ; Guadalite, Ciindinamarca.
18 o"<J, 19 ??.
27. Antarctia thursbyi spec. nov.
S. Pectus orange ; legs brown, mixed with orange ; head and antennae brown ;
thorax deep clay-grey ; tegnlae mixed with orange ; abdomen orange. Forewing
deep brown, densely powdered with orange scales. Hindwiug paler, also
powdered with orange scales ; base and inner area orange.
Length of forewing : 19 mm.
Hab. Valley de Lago Blanco, Chabut, Patagonia (Thnrsby).
2 SS.
28. Antarctia vivida spec. nov.
S. Nearest to vulpina Hiibn., but mnch brighter in colonr ; pectns, head,
thorax, and legs deep rnfons brown; forecoxae orange; antennae black-brown;
abdomen dark orange, with brown hairs intermixed on central segments. ■
Forewing rnfons brown ; veins brownish bnff. Hindwing : basal one third bright
orange, outer two-thirds golden brown.
9 . Larger, slightly paler, and the orange area on hindwing much smaller.
Length of forewing; cj 21 mm.; ? 3(1 mm.
Hab. Caracas, Venezuela.
4 SS, 3 ??.
29. Antarctia ockendeni spec. nov.
? . Larger than giqanti'u Jones. Pectus, legs, head, and antennae sooty brown ;
tegnlae orange mixed with brown hairs, rest of thorax and abdomen brown mixed
with orange hairs, a golden bull" anal cushion. Forewing dark brown densely
clothed with orange hairs. Hindwing paler more semihyaline brown, sprinkled
with shorter golden hairs and with a sooty cellular stigma and margino-submargiual
band.
Length of forewing : 38 mm.
Hab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern (Ockenden).
1 ?.
30. Antarctia klagesi spec. nov.
?. Legs, pectns, head, and thorax chocolate wood-brown ; abdomen and anal
cushion orange. Forewing chocolate wood-brown, slightly marbled with darker
brown. Hindwing wood-brown.
Length of forewing : 18-5 mm.
Hab. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons (S. M. Klages).
1 ?.
31. Antarctia marmorata spec nov.
S . Pectus, legs, and head dark brown ; antennae brown ; thorax and abdomen
brownish clay-grey. Forewing brownish clay-grey, basal half blotched and
marbled with various-sized patches of darker sooty grey, a dark spot in out^r
half on vein 8. Hindwiug brownish clay-gre)'.
Length of forewing : 17 mm.
Hab. Oconeque, Carabaya, S.E. Peru (Ockenden).
1 S.
( 179 )
32. Antarctia steinbachi spec. uov.
cJ. Deep dull brown all over, disc of both wings somewhat semihyaline, a
sooty cellular stigma and two indistinct dark brown transverse bands one-fil'th
from outer margin ; abdomen brown, orange on sides.
?. Larger deep rufous brown, with one sooty transverse band one-fifth from
outer margin ; abdomen and anal cushion orange, brown on centre of basal five
segments.
Length of forewing : <? 15 — 17 mm.; ? 26 mm.
Hah. Buenos Aires, 1 (J (J. Steinbach); 1 <?, 1 ? ? (Felder coll.); 1 ? Corrieutes,
Argentina, December 189S (Maxwell Stuart).
33. Antarctia haenschi spec. nov.
?. Chocolate wood-brown all over, anal cushion buff.
Length of forewing : 27 mm.
iMi-ra black with three lateral rows of tufts of black bristly hairs ; on each
segment dorsally is a large transverse cushion of short, dense, soft hairs of a
bright chestnut-red colour.
Hub. Santo Liez, Ecuador (R. Haensch).
1 ?, 2 larvae, and 2 cocoons.
34. Antarctia fosteri spec. nov.
(J?. Stone-bufT all over, except hiiuhviugs, tinged with orange on ab loraen ;
hiudwings cream-colour.
Length of forewing : S 19 mm. ; ? 20 mm.
Hab. Sapucay, Paraguay, 19(J0-19U2 (\V. Foster).
4 <J<J, 1 ?. "
35. Antarctia aiirantiaca spec nov.
S. Pectus, head, and thorax dull rufous orange ; antennae rufuons brown ;
abdomen dull rufons orange, anal segment and tnft whitish. Forewing jiale
cinnamon greyish brown. Hindwing greyish white.
?. Brilliant orange all over, hindwing slightly paler ; antennae rnfons.
Length of forewing : 10 — 2U mm.
Hub. Bnenavista, E. Bolivia (J. >Steinbach); Sapucay, Paraguay fW. Foster) ;
Province of Kio de Janeiro; Preto, Minas Geraes.
3 <J<J, 4 ??.
30. Antarctia cnethocampoides spec. nov.
<J. Legs, pectus, head, and thorax deeji grey-brown, forecoxae orange ; abdomen
deep grey-brown, laterally orange. Forewing mouse-grey, basal two-thirds
darker, crossed by four irregular obsolescent dusky lines, subterminal and
discocellnlar black spots. Hindwing creamy white, with a few dusky dots ;
inner area buff.
Length of forewing : 10 mm.
Hab. Salta, North Argentina (J. Steinbach).
2 <J(J.
( 180 )
37. Antarctia lehmanni spec. nov.
(J. Pectus, head, and forecoxae sooty grey ; antennae brown, white shaft ; rest
of insect greyish white, sides of abdomen orange.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Hab. Popayau, Colombia (Lehmanu).
1 o.
38. Antarctia felderi spec. nov.
cJ. Pectus, legs, head, and thorax bright rufous brown ; antennae dull brown ;
abdomen orange. Forewing bright rufous brown, costa orange-bnff. Hindwing
cream-white, inner area, costa, nervnres slightly and submarginal line buffy brown.
? . Duller In-own ; hindwings clay-brown ; abdomen with bntf lateral stripes.
Length of forewing : c? 17 mm.; ? 21 mm.
Hab. Eio de Janeiro.
1 <?, 1 ?.
39. Antarctia peruviana spec. nov.
S . Pectus, head, thorax, and forewings sooty brown-black ; antennae yellowish
brown ; hindwing, basal half whitish, outer half sooty brown ; abdomen dark grey.
Length of forewing : 17 mm.
Hab. Agualani, Tinguri, and Rio Inambari, Carabaya, S.E. Peru (Ockenden).
26<J<J.
40. Antarctia cajetani spec. nov.
S. Uniform sooty chocolate ; basal two-thirds of hiiidwiugs and veins of
forewings whitish ; antennae rufous.
Length of forewing : 18 mm.
Hab. Monte Video (Felder coll.).
1 <J.
41. Proschaliphora butti spec. nov.
(J. Pectus brown-grey ; legs banded dark brown and yellow ; head, tegulae,
and patagia orange ; thorax pale lavender grey ; abdomen orange, passing into
buffy yellow towards the anal end. Forewing cream buff, fringe golden, two
black spots at base, an antemedian straight and a postmedian curved transverse
black band, a black discocellular stigma joined to postmedian band in <J, free in ? ;
a snbmarginal row of seven black spots, two snbterminal black spots on costa.
Hindwing cream-buff, fringe yellow ; a submarginal row of six black dots.
$ larger.
Length of forewing : S 15 mm.; ? 17 mm.
Hah. Foot of Nieuwveld Mountains, five miles N.W. of Beaufort West (Mrs.
Butt) ; Weenen, Natal.
1 <J, 1 ?.
42. Procanthea nivea spec. nov.
?. Silvery white, a sub-basal, antemedian, and postmedian, and a submarginal
row of yellow spots on forewing, a black dot above vein 4 and one above vein 5.
Length of forewing : 19 mm.
Hab. Natal.
I ?.
( 181 )
43. Arctia caja parva subspec. nov.
<? ?. Differs from all other forms by its small size. A whitish piak basal
band to tegulae. Forewing verj- deej) brown, the white markings much narrower
than in anj' other form. Hindwing very deep scarlet.
" Length of forewing : 23 mm.
Hab. Labrador.
'Z 66, 1 ?.
44. Teracotona homeyeri spec. nov.
o. Pectus crimson ; legs red baiidetl with black ; head brownish buff; collar
crimson ; thorax, tegulae edged narrowly with crimson internally, two black dots
on shoulders, patagia bordered with crimson ; abdomen, basal segment pale
crimson, rest yellow ringed with black. Forewing brownish buff; costa scarlet,
a round black cellular stigma. Hindwing pinkish white, a small dusky cellular
stigma, inner area washed with pink.
?. Pectus and legs crimson; head cream buff; antennae black, basal 2 mm.
scarlet ; collar broadly crimson ; thorax cream buff, tegulae tipped and edged with
brownish orange, two black spots at shoulders, patagia broadly edged with crimson ;
abdomen, first segment crimson, rest orange. Forewing salmon buff, fringe
orange, inner margin scarlet, a black half-moon at apex of cell. Hindwing bufKsh
orange, inner area crimson, a large black half-moou at apex of cell.
Length of forewing : 6 23 mm. ; ? 31 mm.
IIi(h. Pungo Andongo, Angola, 1875 (Type) (A. von Homeyer) ; Manow,
German East Africa.
1 <?, 1 ?.
45. Teracotona batesi spec. nov.
?. Pectus creamy whitish grey ; legs clay-brown; head and thorax creamy
whitish grey, tegulae narrowly edged with pale orange, a black spot on shoulders ;
abdomen orange, a central dorsal row of black spots ; antennae above white, apical
one-third black. Forewing creamy whitish grey densely irrorated with dull
brown. Hindwing creamy white, two fuscous spots at tornus and one cellular
stigma.
Length of forewing : 30 mm.
Hab. Bity^, Ja River, Gamaroons, 20(t0 ft., January to March 1907, dry season
(Type), (G. L. Bates) ; Sierra Leone (Major Bainbridge).
2??.
46. Teracotona buryi spec. nov.
?. Differs from rodophaea Walk, in the ground-colour of the wings being
duller and browner irrorated and not banded with darker brown, and the hindwings
having an irregular broken black submarginal band ; abdomen crimson, while in
rhodophaea the normal colour is orange.
Length of forewing : 24 mm.
Hab. Gambaga, Gold Coast (Dr. Bury).
2 ??.
47. Utetheisa pulchelloides salomonis subspec. nov.
(??. Distinguished from p. pulchdloides by the great enlargement of the
black and red patches in the forewings and the broad black border to hindwings
in which is a round white spot.
( 182 )
Hab. Solomon Islands, Guadalcanar, May llHil, aiul Guizo, November 1903
(A. S. Meek).
-(?(?, 13??.
48. Utetheisa pulchelloides stigmata snbspec. nov.
(J$. Differs from p. salonionh by the still wider black band to the hindwings
and by having a large black jiatch at end of cell of same wings, and no white spot
in black band.
llab. Noumea, New Caledonia ; and Lifu, Loyalty Islands.
4(?(?,8?? (1? has forewings almost entirely red).
40. Utetheisa pectinata ruberrima subspec nov.
(J. Differs from jiectinata pectinata by the great extension of red on forewings
and the very wide black border of hindwings, in which is a white spdt in
black band.
Ihtb. Lifii, Loyalty Islands.
1 (J.
50. Utetheisa callima dilutior snbspec. nov.
(J?. This is the Central and East African subspecies of callima Swinhoe, and
differs by having the cream-colonr of the forewings mnch extended and the red
I)ands narrower and paler and the band of the hindwings not regnlar owing to the
white breaking in.
Jlab. Slopes of Kilimandjaro, Jnne 100-t (Jackson); Fort Johnston, Nyassalaud,
January — February 1806 (Dr. Percy Rendall) ; M|)uapna, German East Africa ;
Kissenyi, Lake Kivn, October 1007 (R. Graner) (type); Ussuwi to Marienseen,
Urundi, loon — l>iW m., June — July 1907 (,!{. Grauer).
23 SS, 18 ??.
51. Utetheisa sumatrana sjiec. nov,
(?. Head and thorax orange ; abdomen white. Forewing orange-scarlet,
a central cream-white band from base to within one-fourth of apex of cell, a round
cream spot in black patch above it, a cream spot in black ring at apex of cell,
vein 1 from base broadly cream, fringe white. Hindwing semihyaline white.
One male has some cream spots on disc.
Length of forewing : 19 mm.
Hab. Deli, North-East Sumatra.
3^<J.
52, Utetheisa pulchelloides marshallorum snbspec. nov.
<??. Differs from ju. salomonis by its very large size, equalling large pulckella,
by the strong diminution of the black markings and increase of the red markings,
and by the normal daik border to the hindwing.
Hab. Marshall Islands, Oceania.
4 (J (J, 5??.
53. Axiopoeniella lasti spec. nov.
?. Differs from A. lai/meri.ta in pectns, head, and thorax being of a sooty black-
brown, not [lale wood-brown ; in the first two segments of abdomen being black-
brown and the rest scarlet, not golden yellow; in the forewings being smoky
( 183)
black-brown above and below, not pale wood-brown above and golden orange or
salmon bordered with brown below; the liiudwings differ in having the basal area
and a mnch wider border black and the rest of the wing dark crimson, not crimson
scarlet.
Length of forewiug : 21 mm.
Ilab. Madagascar (Last).
2?9.
54. Rhodogastria magnifica spec. nov.
Tliis fine species is in stnictnre nearest to Rh. btibo.
d. Pectus white; forelegs chocolate, forecoxae, middle pair and hind jtair of
legs dull orange ; palpi bnff, a patch on middle and the third segment black ; head
white, two sjiots on frons lilack ; thorax white, a black spot at base and one at apex
of tegulae, two black spots on patagia, six black spots on thorax; abdomen, basal
half above white, apical half crimson scarlet, a lateral row of black spots.
Forewing, basal half white, three black spots at base, costa at base dilated into
a very large vesicle 8 mm. long by 5 mm. wide, with a large transverse opening in
it coloured black, outer half of wing semihyaline bluish white, a broad median
transverse band clay-brown, apex of wing clay-brown reaching along costal area
to base of vein 9 and on outer margin to beyond vein 5, nervures pale brown.
Hindwing semihyaline white, tornns produced into a short tail.
Length of forewing : 30 mm.
Hob. British East Africa.
1 (?.
55. Rhodog^astria rothi spec. nov.
Nearest to E/i. vidua.
$. Pectus and legs pale crimson, outside of foretibiae and basal two-thirds of
tarsi chocolate ; head brown washed with pink, a black spot between antennae and
another on vertex ; palpi black ; antennae black-brown ; collar and base of antennae
crimson ; thorax chocolate-brown, tegulae and patagia narrowly edged with crimson
on inside, a black spot at apex of tegulae, one on patagia and six on thorax ;
abdomen crimson. Forewing deep chocolate-brown, disc semihyaline, base pink
with two black dots. Hindwing semiliyaline, butfy rose, veins deeper rose, apex
broadly chocolate, outer margin and inner area pale salmon-crimsou.
$ . Similar.
Length of forewing : 24 — 2(3 mm.
Hab. Warri, River Niger, May 1897 (Dr. Roth).
4 <?cJ,3 ??.
56. Rhodogastria roseomarginata spec. nov.
S. Pectus and inside of legs bright carmine, outside of fore- and middle
legs chocolate, of hindlegs carmine; palpi carmine, spotted and tipped with black ;
head and thorax cinnamon wood-brown with nsual twelve spots and crimson
collar ; abdomen dark carmine, basal segment cinnamon wood-brown. Forewing
cinnamon orange-brown, disc semihyaline, beyond apex almost clear hyaline.
Hindwing almost hyaline ; nervures, margin, and inner area brownish rose.
Length of forewing : 24 mm.
Hab. Ogrugn, Niger ; Kiougo, south of Rovima, March to May 1898 (Reimer).
5 cJcJ.
( 184 )
57. Rhodog^astria aflSnis spec. nov.
6. Differs from roseomaryinata by its duller brown colour, in the disc being
semihyaline and not having the part beyond the cell vitreons, in the absence of
the nniforiuly wide rose margin to the hindwinj:, whicli has a broad brown apical
palcli and a narrow grey-browu margin. The fore wing is also much wider.
Abdomen brownish rose.
Ilab. South Africa.
Sir George Hampson has united under Rhodogastria astreas (Drury) a very
heterogeneous mass of sjiecies, both African and Asiati<-. He afterwards reinstated
bauri Mpsciil. as a species, Init quite failed to see that none of the African Rhodo-
gastria of this group were synonymous with astreas or any of the other Asiatic
forms. The African forms are as follows :
Rh. bauri Milschl., South Africa.
„ madagascariensis Boisd., Madagascar.
„ „ titrea Plotz, Niger to Natal.
„ roseomarginata spec, nov., Nigeria and East Africa.
„ affinis spec, nov., South Africa.
58. Rhodogastria crokeri novobritannica snbspee. nov.
^$. Differs from c. crokeri by its more dusky and darker forewings, by the
entire absence of the hyaline spot in cell, by the semihyaline, aot hyaline, disc
beyond cell, and by the semihyaline white hindwings margined with clay-brown,
not entirely clay-grey hindwings. The black spots on tegulae are much larger,
occupying one-third of each tegnla ; the whole basal third of the patagia is black,
and the black spots on thorax are much larger.
Hab. New Britain.
1 (J, 1 ?.
59. Rhodogastria crokeri salomonis snbspee. nov.
?. Differs from c. crokrri in the basal fourth of the antennae being crimson,
the black spot on frons almost occupying the whole frons, the black spot on tegulae
enlarged to half the size of tegulae, the patagia being black margined outwardly
with white, and the six black spots on thorax much enlarged. The ground-colour
of fore wing is also much darker.
llab. Solomon Islands: Gnadalcanar (Woodford); Gnadalcanar, May 1!»()1
(A, S. Meek); Florida, January lOill, Isabel, June— July 1901, Gnizo, November
1903 (A. S. Meek); Tulagi (S.'m. Woodford).
6 <J<J,4 ??.
Isabel specimens seem to have a more magenta-coloured abdomen and tarsi.
6i.». Rhodogastria omissa spec. nov.
This species seems to have been completely overlooked.
$. Coloured as in astreas Drury, but the forewing broad and rounded as in
roseibarba Druce. Hindwing tailed as in artkus-brrtrand, but the tuft on inner
area is smaller and narrower and i)ale bull-primrose in colour. Abdomen, first
segment dull pink, second segment wiiite, three following segments primrose buff,
last two segments crimson.
( 185 )
?. Similar in colour to ? astreas, bat much larger aud broader, and hindwing
jiroduced into short tail at tornns.
Leugtli of forewing : cJ 33 mio. ; ? 37 mm.
Hab. Kliasia Hills, Assam (native collectors).
1S<J(J,10??.
01. Rhodogastria piepersi 8iiell.
Nearest to arthus-bertraml, but not all identical with it, as the author
afterwards asserted.
c?. Differs in having head and thorax dark nionsc-grey, not pale wliiti.sh grey,
in forewings being blunter and In'oadcr, and the disc being entirely seniiiiyaline, not
only beyond cell. Hindwing is seniihyaline mouse-grey, not white almost opaijue ;
the tuft on inner area is much smaller, and brownish grey-buff, not white. Abdomen,
first segment dark mouse-grey, second pale carmine, ne.xt three golden buff, and
last two carmine.
?. Very similar to ? artlnig-bertrand, but thorax and head darker, both wings
more semihyaliue, aud the tail much less developed.
Length of forewing : cJ 27 mm. ; ? 26 mm.
Hab. Tawaya, north of Palos Bay, Celebes, August — September 1896
(W. Doherty); Buton, April I'.HHJ (Dr. Martin); South Celebes, August— Se|)tember
1891 (W. Doherty) ; Dongola, south of Palos Bay, Celebes, 1896 (W. Doherty) ;
Sula Mangoli, October 1897 (W. Doherty); ? (Felder coll.).
9 <?<?, 3 ?$.
62. Rhodogastria fumida pallida subspec. nov.
<J?. Differs horn f. fumida by the almost bulfy grey not wood-brown ground-
colour of the wings, some males even being greyish white.
Hab. Dili, Timor, May 1892 (W. Doherty).
5 36, 1 ?.
63. Rhodogastria astreas hainana subspec. nov.
(J. Smaller than a. astreii.<<, darker grey disc of forewings less semihyaline.
$. Larger, j)aler, more isabelline.
Hab. Cheng-Mai, Hainan, August 1902 ; Cochin China (Felder coll.).
2 (?(?,6 ??.
64. Rhodogastria astreas curtisi subspec. nov.
cJ. Differs from a. astreas in its smaller size, deep grey colour, and more
opaque wings.
?. Differs in its smaller size and dark colour, being quite like the cJ.
Hab. Penang, March 1897 (Curtis).
2 (J<J,3 ??.
65. Rhodogastria lactea spec. nov.
?. Pectus cream-white; legs outside fore pair huffy rufous, other two pairs
whitish, inside all three pairs dull crimson ; head and thorax pale brownish cream
( 180 )
with twelve black dots ; antennae crimson ; abiloiuen crimson. Forewing creamv
white, disc almost vitreous. Hindwing semihvalinc white.
Length of forewing : 1!2 mm.
Hnh. Minbn, Burma.
1 ?.
fi*''. Rhodogastria bipartita spec. nov.
5. Pectus orange; legs orange, whitisli outside; pal[)i and antennae black;
head and thorax white with black spots ; abdomen orange. Forewing white,
two black sjiots at base, disc semibyaline bevond cell. Hindwing shaped as in
arthus-bertrami, brownisli oranire.
Length of forewing : 27 mm.
Hah. Tanta (Tavela), East AiVica, -lulv IS'H.
1 S.
'17. Rhodogastria kuehni spec. nov.
<?. Pectus white; legs biifi', whitish outside ; head white; antennae orange
yellow; collar and anterior part of thorax orange yellow; rest of thorax white with
eight black dots; abdomen orange yellow. Forewing semihyaline white, costal
area and nervure ]iale testaceous. Hindwing semihyaline white.
Ijength of forewing : 2ii mm.
Hah. Dammer Island, December ISOs (H. Kiihn).
2 (J (J ; one bad specimen in British Mnseum from Tenimber.
'i8. Rhodogastria alberti s]iec. nov.
<?. Pectus white with two black sjiots ; legs crimson, wliite at sides; head and
thorax white with trn black spots, collar and front of thorax crimson ; antennae
crimson ; abdomen crimson. -Forewing white, two black spots at base, disc
strongly semihyaline. Hindwing semihyaline white, inner area pale greyish bnff.
Length of forewing : 33 mm.
Hab. Cedar Bav, Queensland (A. S. Meek) ; Cairns, North Queensland.
4 <?(?.
O'J. Diacrisia porthesioides spec. nov.
(??. Pectus white; head buff; thorax pale orange ; abdomen white; antennae
whitish. Forewing buff. Hindwing white.
Length of forewing : cJ 10 mm., ? 25 mm.
Hab. Sikkim, May IfclSO (J. G. Filcher).
2 63, 3 ??.
70. Neritos eximius spec. nov.
6. Pectus pink ; palpi and head black ; antennae fuscous ; thorax black,
tegnlae scarlet with black jiatch, patagia scarlet : abdomen scarlet, anal segment
black, clasper tufts yellow. Forewing black, a broad scarlet central band from
base to vein 2, threelongitudinal hyaline patches between veins 2 and 6. Hind-
wing almost hyaline, basal half of inner area jiale crimson, a broad margin half
width of wing black.
Length of forewing : 13 mm.
Hab. La Orova, Carabaya, S.E. Pern (Ockenden).
1 6.
( 187 )
71. Elysius strigillata s]iec. no v.
<J. Pectus orange ; palpi, antennae, and head black; thorax black, tegulae and
apical half of patagia orange ; abdomen black, last two segments jiale orange.
Forewing black crossed by about twenty-si.i^ irregular silvery buff transverse lines,
givino' the wing the appearance of alternate black and pale strigillation.
Hindwing black.
Length of forewing : '^2 mm.
Hah. La Union, t'arabaya, .S.E. Pern (Ockenden).
1 o^
72. Zatrephes atrata spec. uov.
(?. Pectus buflf ; legs pale rufous brown ; rest of insect al)ove entirely black-
brown ; a three-lobed hyaline patch at end of cell on forewing.
Length of forewing : 18 mm.
Hah. Christianeburg, Rio Demerara, British Guiana.
1 S.
This species i.s close to miniata Rothsch.
73. Robinsonia klagesi sjiec. nov.
T. Pectus white; pal[ii dark grey and white; antennae fuscous ; head biUf ;
thora.K mouse-grey, tegulae and patagia white bordered witli mouse-grey ; abdomen
orange with white central dorsal line, anal segment whitish. ^Forewing brownish
mouse-grey; a broad elbowed central white baud one-tliird the width of the wing
reaches from base to costa just before termen, inner margin white. -Hindwing
white.
Length of forewing : 19 mm.
Hah. San Esteban, Venezuela, July I'.IU'.J (8. M. Klages).
1 ?.
7-t. Automolis fuliginosa spec. nov.
?. Pectus whitish; legs and head black; antennae fuscous; thorax black,
a white spot at base of tegulae and patagia and a white patch at juncture of
abdomen ; abdomen above black ; a white dot on segments 1, 5, and 6, below
white. Forewing, sooty grey at base ; nervures and terminal area between vein 5
and costa sooty black. Hindwing sooty black, semihyaliue whitish between
vein 2, basal half of inner area white.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Hah. Fonte Boa, Upper Amazon (S. M. Klages).
1 ?.
75. Glaucostola underwoodi spec nov.
c?. Pectus and legs grey ; head deep orange ; antennae and thorax grey ;
abdomen grey, underside of anal segment orange. Forewing lavender grey.
Hindwing brownish black glossed with purple, a broad median wedgeshaped hyaliue
bluish white reaching from base almost to outer margin.
Length of forewing : 10 mm.
Hah. C'osta Rica (Underwood).
1 $.
. ( 188 )
TC. Amastus picata sjiec. nov.
?. Pectus pale yellow ; lieail juhI tegulae white; autenaae fuscous; patagia
white with black basal band reaching half-way to apex ; thorax pale yellow ; abdomen
pale yellow, last three segments greyish white. Forewing dark sooty brownisli
grey, more hyaline towards base, a black discocellnlar stigma and a median and
postmedian zigzag white line. Hiudwiug semihyaliue grey, a nebular grey-
white submargiual line.
Hub. Huancabamba, East Peru (E. Bottger).
1 ?.
77. Halisidota uotodontina spec. nov.
S. Pectus and legs pale buft" : autennaf pale brown; head and thorax butf;
abdomen orange buff. Forewing butf irrorated, banded and spotted with lavender
grey-brown. Hindwing yellow butf, a large patch of greyish brown from just
below tornus to vein 5.
Length of forewing : 27 mm.
Hab. Huancabamba, East Peru (E. Bottger).
1 S.
78. Ischnocampa pellucida spec. nov.
6- Legs, pectus, and antennae grey-brown; head, thorax, and abdomen brown-
grey. Forewing hyaline powdered and irrorated with brown and yellow specks.
• Hindwing similar bnt less densely speckled, and the specks are grey-brown,
hardly mixed at all with yellow.
Length of forewing : 15 mm.
Hab. Dominica, February lOOo (E. A. Agar), Valencia, Venezuela.
2 tJcJ,3 ??.
( 189 )
THE BIRDS OF HAINAN.
By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.
(Plates V. and VI.)
NOTHING was kuowu about the birds of Hainan, until R. Swinhoe, one of the
most ardent ornithologists who ever worked in Eastern Asia, visited the
island in 1808 and gave a list of the birds of Hainan, making known for the first
time many species peculiar to that island. Naturally, at that time only the
lowlands were visited, the mountains being left nntou(^hed.
Thus remained the state of Hainan ornithology until the late B. Schmacker, a
German merchant residing in China, who was also an enthusiastic collector of shells,
twice sent a Chinese collector named Tetsu to the island to gather shells for him,
and with his usual forethought and interest iu zoology generally, also requested
him to bring as many birdskins as possible. Tetsu's trips — although ornithology
was a secondary matter with them — had wonderful results, for he discovered the
pretty mountain partridge described by Styan under the name of Arboricola ardens,
the Teinnunis, Garrulax moiuligi'r schmackeri, and others. Mr. Styan described
some of the new forms, and a list of all the specimens was published by the late
Dr. Hartlanb.
A still greater step forward was made by Jolin Whitehead, one of the best
field ornithologists who ever was at work in the J^astern Archipelago. In 1889
he went to Hainan, and ascended the Five-Fiuger Mountains, where, unfortunately,
he lost his life. Whitehead discovered the beautiful Silver Pheasant named after
him, a Night-heron (afterwards also obtained on the mainland), the peculiar
Uroc'issa ivhitehendi, Garrulax pectoralts semitorquata, Dn/onastes castanotis,
Siphia pallidipes hainana, Lepocestes sinensis hainamis, Gecinas canus kainanus,
and a new Harpactes, also a number of known forms not before found on Hainan.
The number of Hainan birds given by Swinhoe in 1870 was 172 ; that of
Styan in 1893, after the elimination of some doubtful and wrong ones, 159. This
was raised to 2:)0 throngli Whitehead's exiilurati(jn on the Five-Fiuger Mountains.
Tlie wonderful discoveries made by Whitehead aroused Mr. Rothschild's interest,
and he induced Mr. Alan Owston, of Yokohama, to send a collector to Hainan.
This he did very soon, and he chose for the expedition an excellent man, who
far exceeded most other Japanese collectors. This man, named Katsumata, made
even more discoveries than poor Whitehead (who was cut off when his work had
only just begun). Katsumata obtained three specimens of the wonderi'ul Arboricola
ardens, all the species and subspecies discovered by Tetsu and Whitehead (and
not only a few of each, but mostly in series of from ten to sixteen and more), with
the exception of Ni/cticora.v ma i//ii fieri and Graminicola striata ; a wonderful lot
of novelties, among them a beautiful Cissa, a Serilopkus, and a Pitta, all genera
not known to occur on Hainan at all ; and he raised the number of birds known
to occur oil Hainan from 2li9 to 281. Seven new forms were at once described
by Dr. Rothschild in the Ihdlrtin of the Ornittioloyists- C/id), October 1903, and
fourteen mure are differentiated in this article. . The latter was commenced three years
ago, but, owing to much other and more pressing work, it was interrupted, and
only quite recently taken up again to be completed.
( 190)
The avifauna of Hainan is, of conrse, entirely troincal, as the luouiitains of
the interior, thongli of considerable height,* are not so lofty as those on Formosa,
where a nnmber of quite palaearctic forms, snch as Carpodacus, Requlug, Cinclus
have been found, and evidently the Hainan Mountains, with regard to climate and
situation, are not jialaeiirctic enough to be the home of Northern bird forms.
The affinity to the near mainland of South China is, of course, greatest, many
forms being the same as the South Chinese ones ; while, with the exception of
widespread birds, the forms which arc the same as those found on Formosa are
very few in number.
An interesting fact is the close resemblance or idtMitity of a number of forms
with those inhabiting the Himalayan mountains and hills of Burma and Tenasserim.
See among others Nos. 13, 109, 116, 121, 122, 132, 163, 189, and 264.
There is a marked tendency — often noticed in insular forms— in the birds of
Hainan to be smaller and darker than their continental allies.
Altogether the avifauna of Hainan is a most interesting one, althongli it luul
been neglected all the time from Swinhoe until quite recent years.
In my arrangement I have, with a few exceptions, followed tliat adopted by
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, except that I liegan " at the wrong end," as our friend Dr.
Sclater calls it. My nomenclature dilfers of course a good deal from Mr. Ogilvie-
Graiit's, as I employ trinomials where I am aware of the existence of subs[)ecies,
and I have separated several forms deserving of being treated as geograpliical
races, though not deemed worrhy of " specific rank " by Mr. (irant.
The ioUowing forms are named for tlie first time in this article : Turtur
chincnsis hainanus, Glaucidinm cuculoides persimile, (Accipiter viigatus eon/usus
from the Philippine Islands), Ceryle rudis insignis, Rhopodytes tristis hainanus,
lijngipicus scintilUccps swinhoei, Gecimis chlorigastcr longipennis, (Jrai/califs macei
lunivorus, (^I'gcnonotus sinensis formosae from Formosa), Turdinulus roberti
hainanus, Proparus brunnea (rrgutiis, Proparus nipalcnsis rufcsccntior, Tardus
citrinus aurimacula, Phylloscopiis goodsoiii, Acridotlieres cristatella breciprnnis,
and Dendrocitta sinensis insulue.
PRINCIPAL LITERATURE ON THE BIRDS OF HAINAN.
Swinhoe: On the Ornithology of Hainan. Ibis, l8Tii.
Styan: Descrii)tions of New Birds from Hainan. Bull. />'. 0. Club, i. p. xix.
Styan : On the Birds of Hainan. Jbis, 1S'.»3, p. 424.
Ilartlaub : Ein Beitrag zur Oruithologie Chinas. Abhinidl. natitnv. ]'er.
Bremen, xii. 2, p. 295 (1892)^
Ilartlaub: Ein dritter Beitrag zur Oruithologie Chinas. Ahhundl. natiirio.
Ver. Bremen, xiv. 3, j). 341 (1^97).
Ilartlaub: Nachtrilgliches zur Oruithologie (liiuas uud iusbesoudcre Hainans.
Abhandl. naturw. Vur. Bremen, xvi. 2, p. 24.') (1899).
R. Ogilvie-Grant : On the Birds of Hainan. P. Z. S. 1900, p. 457.
W. Rothschild : Descrijition of Seven New Forms. Ball. B. O. Club, xiv. p. 7
(1903).
R. Ogilvie-Grant : Additions to the Avifauna of Hainan. P. Z. &. 1910.
This article was in press when the present article was about to appear, and
could therefore not be quoted by me.
* 1 find un the map 22UO m. as tbc highest elevation, wliile twice that lieight is marked on Formosa.
( 191 )
1. Gallus ferrug^ineus (Gm.).
Telran ferrugineus Gmelin, Si/sl. Nat. i. p. 761 (1788— ex Sonnerat, China).
Gallusferriigineus (Gm.) Hartert, Noo. Zoo}. 190-2. p. 218.
GaViix gallus Grant, P. Z. S. I'JOO. p. 504.
12 c?(?, 4 ? $ from Mt. Wachi, Cbeteriaiig and You Boi (No. 115).
Au egg was takea ou May 25, I'M-i. It measures 50 x 38 mm.
2. Gennaeus whitehead! Grant.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 503, pi. xxxiv, J ? .
We have received 7 cJcJad., 7 ? ? ad., and 1 J'jnv., all from Mt. Wuchi.
The young male was shot on November 30, 1905. Its plumage is e.'cactly like that
of the adult male ; but the latter is, of course, larger, with a much longer tail.
(No. 174.)
3. Polyplectron bicalcaratus katsumatae Rothsch.
PolypUetron halsiimatae Rothschild, Bull. D. 0. C. xvi. p. Ill (June 1906 — Mt. Wuchi, Hainan).
5 S<S ad. Mt. Wuchi, 18, 30. x. 1905 ; 1.5, 10. xi. 19o6 (No. 208).
1 (? juv. Mt. Wuchi, 18. xi. 1905 (No. 208).
5 ? ? Mt. Wuchi, 25. x. 1905 ; 15, 10, 18. xi. 19n0 (No. 208).
1 tail-feather, (Jhicheriang, South Hainan, 1904.
This beautiful bird has been fully described, and the ditferences from the allied
forms stated by Mr. Rothschild, I.e.
In 10(14 a tail-feather was found in South Hainan. From this single rectri.K —
especially when considering the new locality — Mr. Rothschild had no doubt that
we had in Hainan a new form of Folj/plectron ; but we cautiously refrained from
giving a new name from a feather alone, until we had received a series of complete
specimens, which Katsumata, Mr. Owston's excellent and diligent collector, sent
aViont a year later.
"Iris lavender-grey; hill slate-black; feet plumbeous, claws slaty black "
(Katsumata).
4. Excalfactoria chinensis (L.).
Grant, P.Z.S. I'.KJO. p. .503.
It seems that this species has not before been obtained in Hainan, where,
however, it was seen by Swinhoe.
We have received 7 cJcJand 4 ?? from Gheteriaug and Borteii, in Hainan.
These birds are not as dark and as grey above as /J. chinensis lim-atits from the
Philippines (Malayan Islands, etc.) ; but seem to agree well with E. chinensis
chinensis, of which, however, our series is not good. (No. 233.)
5. Coturiiix coturnix japonica Temm. & Schleg.
Coliiriih; "iilgaris japonira Temminck & Schlegel, Siebold'a Fuuna Japonica, Area, p. 103, pi. 01
(1H42— Japan).
Coluniix cutunti.c Grant, /•". Z. .S'. I'JOO. p. 5(13.
We have received 5 ^ o and 9 ? ?, all from South Hainan, shot on December
21 to 24, 1903, and one on February 8, 1903. All the females have the lanceolate
throat-feathers, and nearly all specimens have the flank-feathers margined with
rufous. Therefore they are not Cottiini.v cottirni.c cotHrni.c, but C coturnix
( 192)
japonica. The males have not a brick-red throat, but there is a snffasion of
brick-red on some of them. (No. 151.)
Mr. Grant only included the r|uail on the antliority of Hartlauh, wlio had
received a bird shot in North Hainan on Jannary 2'J.
0. Francolinus chinensis (Forst.).*
Telrao Chmemis J. E. Forster, Voy. to China, by Osbeck (translated from the German translation),
Faunula Sinensis, vol. ii. p. 320 (1771— China).
Fraucolimis chinensis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 503.
A fine series, curiously all males, from Tinman (No. 83).
(" < 'accabis chukar " has been ijuoted by Hartlaub as having come from Hainan ;
but our collectors did not find it. Probably the occurrence in Hainan is not
genniue.)
Clutches of four eggs (probably not full ?) were found near Tingan on May 25
and 27. The eggs are cream-coloured to brownish cream, and measure : 38-5 x
30-6, 37 X 301, 35-6 x 30, 35G x 285, 380 x 305 mm.
7. Arboricola ardens Styan.
Styan, Ibis, 1893. p. 43G, pi. xii. ; Grant, P. Z. S. lUOO. p. 503.
2 (JcJ, 1 ? Mt. Wuchi, Lei Muimon and Cheteriang, January and April 1903.
The female agrees perfectly with the males in colour, but is smaller. The males
have the wings 30 and 30, the female 22 mm. long. The tarsus of the males is
35 and 39, that of the female 33 mm. long. (No. 133.)
"Bill black ; iris seal-brown ; feet salmon-colour" (Katsumata).
This beautiful bird was formerly only known from the type specimen, obtained
at " Luiwowan," which is evidently the same as " Lei Muimon."
Regarding the plate in the l6/s it may be said that the breast is of a delicate
pale salmon-jiink colour, not brownish. In the smaller one of our two males the
grey is extended over the breast. On the sides of the upper throat is a jiafcii of
bare pink skin instead of a patch of whitish feathers, as the plate shows, and tiie
black feathers on the throat are sparse, the pink skin shining through in several
places.
8. Turnix dussumieri Temm.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 503.
Hartlaub recorded a specimen from North Hainan. Wo did not receive
e.xamples.
9. Treron nipalensis (Hodgs.) (Psubspec.)
Toria nipalensis Hodgson, As. lies. xix. p. 1(U, pi. ix. (ISSCi).
Treron nipalensis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 501.
9 cJ^, 4 ? ? Mt. Wuchi, Lei Muimon, Oheteriang (No. 130).
Generally the bill of the Hainan specimens is thicker, wider, and sometimes
longer. There is, however, so much variation, some Hainan examples having the
bill not larger than Lidian birds, and some of the latter coming up to those from
Hainan in the dimensions of the bills, that 1 cannot confidently separate the
Hainan form.
* Mr. Ogilvie-Grant (Cat. B. xxii. pp. xii, 136) quotes " Tetrao chinensis Osbecli, 17>y. en Chine, ii.
p. 32G, 1771." Tlie edition of 1771, however, is an English translation, and to the second volume has
been added a "Faunula Sinensis "by Forster. The author of the name chinensis is therefore Forster,
not Osbeck, who wrote his book in iSwedish in 1757, i.e. before the 10th edition of Linnaeus.
( 193 )
10. Treron bicincta domvilii (Swinb.).
Osmnireron domrilii Swiahoe, Ibis 1870. p. 354 (Haiuan).
OsmolreroH hicincia Orant, P.Z.S. 1900. p. 501.
5 <J(J, 3 ? ? from Lei Muimon, Ut08hi, (Jlieteriang aud Wiipaslii (No. 137).
Osmotreron, or as I should call it, Treron bicincta, has beea treated as ranging
from the foot of the Himahiyas to Ceylon and Hainan. Ronghly speaking this
is correct, bnt the species must be split i[ito several subspecies.
1. Treron bicincta bicincta (Jerd.), from the ludian mainland to (at least)
Tenasserim (1 have not seen specimens from Cochin China). Larger, wing 3 about
62—05 mm.
2. Treron bicincta leggei subsp. nov., Ceylon.
Differs from T.h. bicincta only in its smaller size. Wings: cj abont 42 — 48 mm-
The smaller size of the Ceylon birds has often been emphasised. First, as far as
I know, by Colonel Legge, in the Birds of Ceylon, p. 725, by Salvadori {Gat. B.
Brit. Mils. xxi. p. 58), and by Blanford (B. India, iv. p. 12). It is, therefore,
time that the Ceylon bird should receive a name, to distinguish it from its larger
Indian brother. Type of T. bicincta Icgyei : 3 ad. (!eylon, 9. vi. 1889, collected by
Bruno and H. Geisler. No. 7060, Tring Museum.
Named iu honour of Colonel Legge, who wrote one of the best books ever
written on the birds of one island — the immortal " Birds of Cei/lon.'"
3. Treron bicincta domcilii Swiuh., Hainan.
The differences of the Hainan form are not striking, and not very constant,
yet we are bound to call attention to them, and not pass them over in silence.
Swinhoe says T. b. domvilii is smaller, but this is not correct. The forehead and
throat are green in T. b. bicincta as well. The grey nuchal patch of the male,
however, is, as a rule, much smaller, thougli sometimes it is fully as large ! In the
female the nuchal patch, which is always distinct in the females of T. b. bicincta and
leggei, is indistinct and small. The under tail-coverts are mostly much paler than
in T. b. bicincta.
11. Sphenocercus sororius subspec. nov. ?
Sphenocercus sororius Swinhoe, Ibis 18uti. pp. 311, 406 (Formosa).
1 ? Mt. Wuchi, 5. iv. 1903 (No. 205).
We have only received one female of this species. It closely resembles females
of S. sororins, but the latter are mostly larger — wings 172 — 1S4 mm. — while the
wing of the Hainan specimens is only IGS mm. long. The yellowish green of the
foreueck e-vtends distinctly farther down over the breast ; the back is a shade more
yellowish green.
Not being a priority-hunter, I refrain from naming this apparently new form,
hoping that the Tring Museiuii or some one else will soon receive males and more
females.
This species has not been previously recorded from Hainan.
12. Carpophaga aenea (L.) (? subsp.)
Ciiliiiiibu iviiea Linnaeus, Sysl. Niil. ed. xii. p. 283 (17GC — " Habitat ia Moluccis " : ex Brisson !).
C'arjjiipliii{jti imna (errore) Grant, P.Z.S. 1900. p. .001.
1 S (;heteriang, lu. i. 19U4; ? Mt. Wuchi, 11. xi. 19u5 (No. 231).
1 cannot at present discuss the various subspecies of C. aenea. The Hainan
13
( 194 )
examples agree with what we generally call C. aeiien, being different from C. aenea
m/lvatica, C. ae»m chab/htirn, and C. aenea pahnvaiiensia. C. aenea being described
from the " Moluccas," it is somewhat difficult to say what is typical aenea, bnt
I think we must refer this name to the birds from the Lesser Sunda Islands,
Lombok and Flores. This form does not seem to differ from the larger
Indian one.
13. Carpophaga insignis griseicapilla (Wald.).
C. griseictipilla Grant, P. Z. &. 1900. p. 501.
2 <J(J, 2 ? 9 Mt. Wuchi, 20. xi. lOD.") ; 16. xi. lOOfi (No. 267).
One ? of these, as well as those obtained by Whitehead on Hainan, agree
jierfectly with typical Burmese griseicapilla, while the other 2 S3 and 1 ? are not
or hardly distinguishable from true insignis of the Himalayas. This form is
otherwise an inhabitant of the mountain ranges from Assam to Tenasserim.
It seems that all Himalayan examples have the crown vinous or greyish pink,
while those from Bnrmah have it invariably pure French-grey. Birds from Assam
are partly typical griseicapilla (cf. ./. ./". 0. 1880, p. 433), partly intermediate,
partly like insignis. I am inclined to think that these pigeons are only winter
visitors on Hainan.
14. Columba livia subsp. ??
2 <J<J ad. Hoihow, 15, 21. iii. 1902.
" Iris pearl grey, bill blackish slate, feet brown."—" Iris maroon, bill slate,
feet brown."
These two birds agree in every respect with " Columba licia schimperi" from
Egypt and Palestine, excejit that their bills are shorter and thicker, their dimensions
larger, especially the wings longer, measuring 22i and 24 cm. Tliey are paler
tha'n C. lida intermedia and C. livia neglecta. The question is : are these Hainan
specimens feral descendants of domestic pigeons, or do they belong to a wild race
of Columba liria ? In the latter case they must have a new name.
It may be added that, if C. intermedia and schimperi are separated as species,
or rather more correctly subspecies of C. licia, another form intermediate between
intermedia and schimperi from E. Persia, parts of Turkestan and Afghanistan
must be separated, the name of which will probably be neglecta Hume.
15. Columba puniceus (Tick.) (? subsp.).
Ahncomua puuicpus Tickell, Joimi. As. Soc. Bengal xi. p. 4t51.
Columha jnimcea Graat, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 501.
A series from Namro, Utoshi and South Hainan (Nos. 206, 230).
All the males have the crown of the head rather dark grey, and if all continental
examples have the crown whiter, the Hainan form will have to be recognised as a
new subspecies.
le. Macropygia tusalia minor Swiuh. (? forma dist. ?).
Macropygla tusalia (Uwlgs.), rar. minor Swinhoe, Ihis 1870. p. 355 (Hainan).
Macropygia gwinhoii Ramsay, Ibix 1890. p. '218.
Macropygia minor Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 502.
It is most doubtful if the Hainan form can be distinguished at all from Indian
M. tusalia, though Ramsay, fSalvadori, and Grant have separated it as a " species."
( 195)
The size is not less than iii r.ontinental specimens, tlie reflections on the hinfl-
neck are in both forms sometimes pink and sometimes green, the bars on the
tail are the same, and the general colonr as well. Perhaps the gronnd-colonr
of the back is generally darker, and mostly — but not always ! — the black ante-
apical bars on the crop are less distinct. I believe this form cannot be separated.
Lei Muimon, No-Tai, 12 skins (No. 111).
IT. Turtur orientalis (Lath.).
Grant, P.Z.S. 1900. p. 502.
Five skins from Lei Muimon and Utoshi (No. 135).
18. Turtur humilis (Temm.).
Grant, P. 2. S. lyOO. p. 502.
A large series from Secha (No. 02).
Nests were found near Secha during the second half of May 1902, from
ten to fifteen and even twenty feet above the ground, each containing two eggs.
The latter measure 26-6 x 20, 27 x 21, 26-6 x 20, 25-5 x 20-5, 27 x 21-5,
20-6 X 19-4, 26-5 x 21;5, 26-5 x 19-8, 285 x 206, 28 x 21, 24-9 x 20-6 mm.,
and between these measurements.
Some of the eggs are very slightly tinged with cream-colour.
19. Turtur chinensis hainanus subsp. nov.
Turlur chinensis Grant, P.Z.S. 1900. p. 502.
The Hainan form of Turtur chinensis dilfers from T. chinensis chinensis in
being smaller and darker in colour. The vinous of the breast is darker, the
brown of Ihe back is slightly darker, and the lesser grey and median brown
upper wing-coverts are distinctly deeper in colonr. Wings of T. c. haimmus {S'})
] 45—152, of T. c. chinensis (<J?) 155—167 mm. The tails of the former are
also about 1— 2 cm. shorter. As the females of T. chinensis are darker, males
must be compared with males, and females with females. The darker coloration
of T. c. hainanus is already visible in ijnite young birds.
Type of T. chinensis hainanus : <S ad. Hoihow, 4. iii. 1902 (No. 1023).
We have received a series from Hoihow and Kiungchau (No. 23).
"Length: 300 — 315 mm. Iris ochre-yellow; bill slate ; feet jiurplish red."
An all.inistic variety was shot at Hoihow 27. ii. 1902. It is white, tinged
with lavender grey, here and there with a brown feather, the underside witii a
pink shade, the crown grey, the neck-band black-and-white, as usual.
Nearly twenty nests, each containing two eggs only, were found near Secha
dnring the second half of May, from about ten to twenty feet above the ground.
The eggs are white, like other doves' eggs, and measure 28 x 22, 29-2 x 21-1,
29 X 22, 29-2 x 21-2, 27-2 x 22-7, 27-4 x 21-6, 27-3 x 22-5, 277 x 20-5, 28-7 x
21-6, 29-5 X 22-5, 28 x 21 '5, and so on. One egg is not pure white, but
creamy.
2(t. Chalcopliaps iudica (L.).-
Grant, P. 2. S. 1900. p. 502.
A large series from various localities : Lei Muimon, Namro, Utoshi, No-Tai
(No. 76).
( 196 )
21. Gallicrex ciuerea (Gm.)-
Fulica ciuerea Gmelin, SiijM. Xal. i. p. 702 (1788—" Habitat ia Sina ").
Gallicrex einereus Grant, P. Z.S. 191)0. p. 501.
Fonr skins from Tingan (No. 251).
One adult, male, 10. vi. 1904, has the feathers of the npperside slaty-black
with slate-jrrey edges, those to the inner secondaries only slightly tinged with
brownish. Under-surface slate-colour, lighter towards the tail, each feather with
a narrow whitish border. I believe this to be the fresh plumage of the adult male,
though none of onr Indian birds agrees with it exactly, the inner secondaries
having more brown, tlie back and breast being blacker. Other Hainan specimens
agree with Indian ones.
22. Gallinula chloropus orientalis Horsf.
Galliniila nrienlalU Horsfield, Trans. Zovl. Snc. Lnml. xiii. p. i;)5 (18'2U— Java).
Gallmula chlnropun Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 500.
Hitherto only obtained on Hainan by Schmacker. Katsnmata has now sent
three skins : an adnlt male, obtained 23. iii. 1904, and two immature birds,
obtained in March 1903, at Liudon (No. 202). Tlie wing of the adnlt male only
measures 162 mm., therefore the Hainan specimens must be regarded as the
south-eastern form, 6r. chloropus orientalis.
23. Fulica atra L.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 501.
Obtained in North Hainan by Schmacker's collector, teste Hartlanb.
24. Amaurornis phoenicurus phoenicurus (Forst,).
lialhis phoenicurus Forster, Zool. Iiid. p. 19 pi. 9 (1789— Ceylon).
Gallinula phoemcura Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870 p. 364 (Hainan).
Mr. Grant evidently overlooked this species in his list of Hainan birds,
P. Z.S. 1000.
We have received a good series from Hoihow (No. 77). In Nov. Zool. 1904,
pp. 184, 185, I gave a review of the subspecies of this Moorhen, bat unfortunately,
there is a disturbing misprint in line 7 on p. 185. The characters of Amaurornis
phoenicurus leueomelaena are : — Adult birds with forehead, lores and sides of head
slate-colour ; breast and abdomen slate-colour, white in the middle. In my article
it reads " forehead, lores and sides of head white," but these parts are white
only in A. phoenicurus phoenicurus and A. phoenicurus insularis, and slate-colour
in ^4. ph. leucnmelaena.
Clutches of four and six eggs were taken from nests situated in rice-fields, about
7 to 12 in. high above the ground, on May 18 and 30, near Hoihow. The eggs
are pinkish white, with rnfoua patches and splashes and pale violet underlying
spots. The clutch of six measures : 36 x 27-5, 36 x 28, 36 x 27-6, 36-4 x 279,
35-6 X 27-1, 35'6 x 27'5 ; while those of the cintch of four are smaller, measuring :
33 5 X 25, 34-5 x 26, 33 x 25-9, and 328 x 26 mm.
25. Podiceps fluviatilis philippensis (Bonnat).
Podidpes pliilippenxix Grant, P. Z. .S'. 1900. p. 500.
Hoihow and Liudon (No. 41).
( 197 )
26. Sterna anaethetus anaethetus Scop.
This species lias apparently not been mentioned as being obtained on Hainan.
Mr. Katsnmata sent a female shot at Hoihow on July 1, 1902 (No. 99).
27. Sterna melanauchen Temm.
Obtained by Swinhoe in Hoihow Harbonr. Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 500.
28. Sterna sinensis Gm.
Grant, P. Z. S. I'JOO. p. 500.
13 ad. o*$, 1 <? juv. Hoihow, Angast 1903 (Nos. 215, 216).
1 ? juv. Wupashi, 1. iv. 1904 (No. 216).
29. Hydroprogne caspia (Pall.).
Grant, P. Z .S. 1900. p. 500.
2 ad. Hoihow, lo. vi. 1905 (No. 261).
30. Gelochelidon anglica (Mont.)
3 cJc? Hoihow, August 1903.
Apparently not previously recorded from Hainan.
31. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Meisn. & Schinz).
1 ? Tingan, 12. v. 1904 (No. 240).
Apparently not recorded from Hainan.
32. Larus ridibundus L.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 500.
Hoihow, according to Hartlaub.
33. Larus saundersi Swinh.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1000. p. 500.
Recorded from North Hainan by Hartlaub.
34. Larus canus L.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 500.
Recorded by Swinhoe from various localities.
35. Phalaropus lobata (L.), 1758.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 499 (P. hi/jm-burens).
9 ad. Tingan, 12. iv. 1904 (No. 244).— Migrant.
36. Rostratula capensis (L.)
Grant, /'. Z. S. VX)0. p. 499.
9 <?? Hoihow, December, March, July (No. 217).
Apparently breeding.
( 198 )
37. Scolopax rusticula L.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 499.
Quoted by Hartlanb as coining from North Hainan. — Migrant.
;36. Gallinago stemira (Bj).).
Graut, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 499.
2 ? ? Hoihow, in. ii. 1;mi3, 2,s. iii. I'.iOX.'. (No. 47).— Winter visitor.
39. Gallinago galliuago (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 499.
4 <J? Hoihow, 1— (1. .\ii. 1003 (No. 218).— Winter visitor.
4(1. Limicola platyrhyncha (Teium.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 499.
6 Kiungchaii, 30. xii. 1902 (No. 27).— Winter visitor.
41. Tringa alpina pacifica ((loues).
Trinijn alpina Swinhoe, Ibix, 1870. p. 363; Hartlaub, Ahhaiull. Nat. Ver. Bremen xiv. p. 377;
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 499
Doubtless the Dunlins obtained in December and January near Hoihow
belonged to the Pacific form, and not to the European 7'. alpina alpina.
(Of. Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 609, line 12). — Winter visitor.
42. Tringa crassirostris Temm & Schleg.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 498.
Quoted as a winter visitor by Hartlaub.
43. Tringa canutus (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 498.
A rare winter visitor,
44. Tringa subarquata (Giildeust.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 498.
Near Hoihow, according to Hartlaub. — Migrant.
45. Tringa ruficollis Pall.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 498.
We have received a series obtained near Hoihow in November (No. 123). —
Migrant.
40. Tringa temminckii Leisl.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 498.
A series from Kiungclmn, February and March 1 ; Hoihow, 28, 29. iii. 1902,
(No. 28).— Migrant.
( 199)
47. Eurhynorhynchus pygmaea (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 498.
Hoihow, teste Hartlaub. — Migrant.
48. Calidris arenaria (L.)
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 498.
Hungpe (Swinhoe) and Hoihow (Hartlaub). — Migrant.
49. Totanus nebularius (Gunu.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 497.
Common near Hoihow in winter. We have received a large series from
Hoihow, obtained in February, March, October and November. (No. 75). — Migrant.
50. Terekia ciaerea (Guld.).
Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 497.
Obtained near Hoihow in December (Swinhoe). — Migrant.
51. Tringoides hypoleucus (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 497.
We have received a series from Kiuugchau (February, March), and Hoihow
(November). (No. IS).— Migrant.
52. Totanus glareola (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 497.
We received it from Hoihow and Kiungchau (Nos. 222, 127). — Migrant.
53. Totanus ochropus (L.)
(? ad. Hoihow, 1. iii. 1902 ; ? ad., 1. iv. 1904 (No. 124).
Apparently not noticed on Hainan before. — Migrant.
54. Totanus stagnatilis Bechst.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 497.
Hoihow, common in November (No. 124). — Migrant.
55. Totanus calidris (L.).
Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 490.
Hoihow, October, November, December (No. 122). — Migrant.
56. Totanus fuscus (L.).
Grant, P. Z.S.
Hoihow, according to Styan and Hartlaub. — Migrant.
57. Limosa limosa melanuroides Gould.
Limom !h,w.'!a Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 49r>.
Hoihow (Hartlaub and Styan). — Migrant.
(200)
58. Limosa lapponica novaezealaudiae Gray.
Limosa novae zealandiae Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 496.
Hangpe and Hoibow (SwiQlioe, Hartlaub).— Migrant.
o!t. Numenius phaeopus variegatus (iScop.).*
Numeniiis variegnlns Grant, P. Z. 8. 1900. p. 49ii.
Hoihow (Hartlaub, Styan). — Migrant.
fill. Numenius arquatus lineatus Cuv.
N}imsniug anptatuA Grant, P. Z.S. 1900, p. 496.
Not obtained by Katsumata. — Migrant.
61. Aegialitis alexandrinus (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 495.
A large series from Loi Miiimon and Hoihow, January and Febrnary (No. 21),
one female from Kiungcbau, Febrnary iyo2 (No. I'M). — Migrant.
*i2. Aeg'ialitis diibius (Scop.).
Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 495.
2 3 3 ad., 1 juv. Hoihow, November, Febrnary (No. 2U). — Migrant.
fi3. Ochthodromus geofFroyi (Wagl.).
Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 49.5.
1 cJ Hoihow, January (No. 155). — Migrant.
64. Ochthodromus mongolicus (Pall.).
Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 495.
(Chilian River, Hangpe, Hoihow (Swinhoc, Hartlaub).— Migrant.
65. Charadrius dominicus fulvus (im.
Charmhhisfiih-m Grant, /'. Z. S. 1900. p. 495.
Hoihow, October and November (No. 118). — Migrant.
66. Squatarola helvetica (L.).
Grant, /'. Z. S. 1900. p. 497.
2 cJ J Hoibow, November (No. 125). — Migrant.
67. Hoplopterus ventralis (Wagl.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 495.
Lingshuy, K.E. Hainan, 18. iii. (Swiuhoe).
* Hartlaub {Ahh. .\at. I'er. Bremen, 1897. xiv. 3, p. 375)also quotes JV. jihmiojiuf jihaenjius, but most
likelj- in error. (CI. Grant, /'. Z. S. 1900. p. 496, who simply repeated Hartlaub's statement.)
(201 )
68. Arenaria interpres (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 494.
<? ? Hoihow, May 19U5 (No. 2oS).
No doubt a non-breeding migrant, though obtained in Blay.
69. Glareola orientalis Leacb.
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mns. xxiv. p. 58.
Tingan and Hoihow, Blarch, May, June, July. Judging from very young
specimens obtained in July, this species must breed on Hainan, though it appears
not to have been found there by former collectors.
Til. Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scop.).
ffydrophasis" chirurgus* (ettote'.) Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. J/hs. xxiv. p. 69.
1 ? ad., 3 immat. Tingan, April and May (No. 249).
71. Esacus magnirostris (Vieill.).
Orthiirhinnphiis magnirostris Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. .!/«.<. xxiv. p. 22.
3 c?? Manchow, December 1903 (No. 236).— Neither this nor Hydrophasianus
appear to have been noticed in Hainan before.
72. Grus grus lilfordi Sharpe.
Gma lilfordi Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii. pp. 252-54 (1894—" Eastern Siberia, wintering in the
Yangtze basin, probably extending westwards to Turkestan and the River Ob, and wintering
in North-west India." — No type fixed !)
Grus ijrux Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 494 (" Common in plains and open country, according to
Swinhoe ").
1 c?, 2 ? ? Cheng-Mai and Fusen, November (No. 154).
There is no doubt that the eastern cranes are lighter than European ones ;
therefore Grus grus lilfordi must be recognised as a subspecies.
Doubtless only a winter visitor to the island.
73. Dupetor flavicoUis flavicoUis (Lath.).
(Of. Nov. Zool. 1908. p. 353.)
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 494.
Fifteen skins from Hoihow, July and September (No. 226).
" Iris burnt umber ; bill (upper) black or slate ; legs and toes slate-black ;
claws ditto."
74. Ardetta sinensis (Gm.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 494.
? Hoihow, 2.5. iv. 1903 (No. 208).
• Kharpe quotwi " Wagler, Isis 1S.'!2. p. 120," but it sliould be ji. 129. It is impossible to alter
Wagler's name, Hi/drojikasianus, to " Ilijdroj/hasi.i" Wagler expressly giving tlie German name " Wasser-
fasan " as the Teutonic equivalent of his new name.
( 202 )
75. Ardetta ciunamomea (Gm.).
Sharpe, Cat. B. Bril. Hits. xxvi. p. 23(;.
Fifteen skins from Hoihow and Liudou (Riudon), July, March, Ajuil, November
(Nos. 74, 2<J8).
Api)ears not to have been noticed on Hainan before.
7(5. Ardeola bacchus (Bp.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 494.
Hoihow (Februar}', March), Wnpashi, Utoshi (March, April), Katsik (April),
Mt. Wuchi (April) (Nos. Si, 197).
77. Nycticorax magnifica Grant.
Grant, P. Z. 5. 1900. p. 493, pi. xxxiii.
This new species was obtained by Whitehead on the Five-Finger Mountains.
78. Nycticorax nycticorax (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 493.
Hoihow and Lindon (No. 156).
7!t. Garzetta garzetta (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 493.
Hoihow (February, August, September, November), No-tai (April) (No. 80).
80. Herodias alba timoriensis (Less.).
Berodlas timorieiisie Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 493.
Common, according to Swinhoe.
81. Ardea cinerea L.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 493.
Kankon (April), Tingan (April, September, June), Hoihow (September, May)
(No. 95).
I am in doubt whether these birds or any forms can be separated from the
European ones.
82. Gorsakius melanolopba (Raffl.).
Aiika melaiiolopka Raffles, Tra/is. Linn. &«■. Luml. xiii. p. 3J0 (1822 — Sumatra).
Gnmachius melanolnjilnix Sharpe, Cat. B. xivi. p. 168 (mentions Hainan ; authority ?).
S ad. Mt. Wuchi, 23. iii. 1903 (No. 204).
.Tuv. Mt. Wuchi, 10. x. 1905 (No. 205).
83. Butorides javanica javanica (Horsf ).
Ardea javanira Horsfield, Traiix. Linn. So,; xiii. p. 190 U821— Java).
Mt. Wuchi (April), Tingan (March), (No. 19fi).
Apparently new to the Hainan list.
( 203 )
84. Bubulcus coromanda (Bodd.).
Cancroma coromanda Boddaert, Tahl. PI. Enl. p. hi (1783. — India).
Tingan (April), Hoihow (Noveml)er) (Nos. 128, 227).
Apparently not mentioned from Hainan before.
85. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.).
Ardea aw-ra Gmeliii, St/st. Nat. i. 2, p. 64(1 (1789. — ex Latham [" Sacred Heron "], Otaheite).
<J " South Hainan," May IWH (No. 253).
AI.so not iu the Hainan list, .so far.
86. Leptoptilus javanicus (Horsf.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 493.
Observed by Swinhoe.
87. Pseudotantalus leucocephalus (Forst.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 493.
Hoihow, North Hainan, according to Hartlaub.
We have received an immature male, shot at Kankon, 10. iv. 19U5 (No. 269).
88. Ibis melanocephalus (Lath.).
Tantalus mehnocephalus lja.thdini, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 709 (1790. — India: ex Latham, <?^«. Ai\ Sup,
p. 240).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 492 (Hoihow).
? ad., Tingan, 12. iv. 1904 (No. 254).
89. Platalea minor Temm. & Schleg.
Platalea minor Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japan., Aees, p. 120. pi. 76 (1850. — Japan).
9 Hoihow, 10. ii. 1903 (No. 153).
New to Hainan.
90. Querquedula querquedula (L.).
Qiierquedida circla Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 492 (Hoihow).
2 ? ? Tingan, May 1904 (No. 242).
91. Querquedula crecca(L).
Neltiau crecca Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 492.
North Hainan (Swinhoe).
92. Mareca penelope (L.).
Grant, P. Z S. 1900. p. 492.
North Hainan (Swinhoe).
( 204)
93. Nettopus coromandeliana (Gm.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 492 (Nodouho, interior of Hainan).
1 "<J" Yon Boi, SS. vi. 19ii4 (No. -JoO).
This e.xample is in a very cnrious plumage : the whole upper surface is
purjilish as in the female, and the primaries are entirely brown, not white for about
one-half, bnt there is the wide blackish band across the jngnlnm, as in the adnlt
males.
04. Dendrocygna javanica (Horsf.).
Anasjavanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 199 (1821. — Java).
A series : Tingau (April, Ma.v) ; 1 <3 Rindon (April) (No. 241).
Apparently uew for Hainan.
95. Phalacrocorax carbo (V sinensis).
Phalacrocurax carbu Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 49:; (Hoihow).
Hoihow, Tingan, Mt. Wuchi (May, Jaly, August, September, November)
(No. 220).
It is difficult to say if an eastern subspecies can be recognised. The individual
variation is great, bnt it seems as if Indian and (Chinese birds were smaller.
96. Sula leucogastra (Bodd.).
Sula sula Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 492.
Swinhoe saw specimens near Tingan.
07. Pelecanus philippensis (Gm,).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 492.
Hoihow (Hartlaub).
08. Otus lempiji umbratilis (Swinh.).*
[Scnjis lempiji Horsfield, Trans. Linn. S<u-, Lnrnt. xiii. p. 140 (1821. — Java !)■]
Ephialites nmhrutilix Swinhoe, Ibis 1870. p. .'i42 (Hainan).
Scojts lempiji Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 488 (Kiungchau).
<J Utoshi, March 19il3 (No. 45).
6 (J? Hoihow, February, March 1002, November 1903 (No. 45).
Namro, March 1903 (No. 45).
$ Secha, April 1002 (No. 45).
41 <J? Liudon, March 1003 (No. 45).
The differences of Otus Irmp/Ji innbratili.t have been very well described by
Dr. Sharpe as long ago as 1875, in the second volume of the Catalogue of Birds,
pp. 93-4. Comparing our Hainan series with a number of O. lempiji lempiji from
Java and Borneo, it is evident that iimhrutilix (lifters from the latter by being
larger, more heavily vermiculated, and generally more greyish. Mr. Grant {I.e.)
united umbratilis with lempiji because, as he said, the tyj)e " resembles dark Indian
examples of (>. lempiji and is perfectly similar to s])ecimeus of 0. lempiji from
India, Assam." He apparently overlooked that (>. lempiji was described from Java.
* About the generic name o! the " Scops-owls ' cf. Auk x.x, p. 273-5 and Bull. Amer. Mm., x.xiii. p. 334.
( 205 )
90. Glaucidium cuculoides persimile snbspec. nov.
[Nociua cuculnkleK Gould, Cent. Jlinuil. B. pi. 4 (l«:j-2.— Himalaya).]
Glaucidium whileiyi (non Blyth !) Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 488 (Hainan).
15 <J? LiadoD, March 1903 (No. 182).
^? Five-Finger Mts., April 1899 (John Whitehead).
Very similar to G. cw-idoides cuculoides from Iiulia, but with the upper surface
distinctly more rufous, especially on the head, back, scapulars and u]iper wing-
coverts. Otherwise perfectly similar, of the same size and markings. The number
of bars in the tail varies, being either six or seven, the distal bar counted, while
in the Indian form there are seven or eight bars, and in the Chinese G. c. wkitelyi
the bars number six or seven. (Type : ? ad., Five-Finger Mts., 25. iv. 1899,
John Whitehead coll.)
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant erroneously called the Hainan form " G. whiteli/i,'' the
latter being much larger and paler than both G. c. cuculoides and G. c. persimile.
luO. Glaucidium brodiei brodiei (Burton).
NocUia brodiei Burton, P. Z. S. 1830. p. 15-' (" Apud Monies Himalayeuses ").
4 cJ,J Mt. Wnchi, March 1903, November 1005 (No. 175).
? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 175).
1 cannot sejiarate these specimens from Indian ones. The four males are
alike ; they are brownish, wiiile the female is rufous. The wings of the males
measure 82-84, those of the female 90 mm. From India we have brownish,
blackish and rufous varieties.— The Formosan (i. pardalota is very closely allied
to G. brodiei, and should be treated as a subspecies of the latter. It is slightly
larger, appears to be more olivaceous, and the sides of the breast are more distinctly
and more widely cross-barred, while the marks on the abdomen are not so large,
and have more the form of longitudinal spots. Though known to extend to
South China, this species appears to be new for Hainan.
101. Syrnium newarensis subsp. (an caligatus?)
': Buhu ruligalnx Swinhoe, Ibis 18G3. p. 218 ; id., //'/» 18G4. p. 429 (Formosa).
2 Si ad., 1 ? ad., 1 ? juv., Mt. Wuchi, October, November 1905 (No. 271).
It is impossible to say for certain whether these birds belong to caliyatas,
without having a series from Formosa to compare. — The specimen from Formosa
in the British Museum (the one mentioned in Ibis, 1864, p. 429), said to be a female,
has the wing 39 cm. long. In coloration it is very near maingai/i from Malacca,
the nnder-surface and disc being very ochraceous. Our Hainan exam[)les are
certainly neither S. newarensis newarensis, being too small (the wing of the
female about 4 to 6, that of the male about 2 to 4 cm. shorter), nor S. newarensis
indranee, which is still smaller than the Hainan examples, and which has
the under-surface and disc nearly always very strongly oclii-aceous ; nor is it
S. newarensis maingai/i, which is still brighter ochraceous on the under-snrface and
disc. Our Hainan birds have the disc pale brownish, like 5. newarensis newarensis,
but one has it about as rufous as indranee, the latter specimen having also the
underside strongly tinged with ochraceous, and barred more narrowly, while in the
others the under-snrface is whitish and broadly barred. Tiie head is very darkly
coloured, in fact almost black in our Hainan examples ; but in one of them it is less
( 206 )
deeplj' coloured, more chocolate. In nearly all Himalayan examples the head is
browner than in the Hainan ones, but occasioually it is qnite as black, notably in a
male Cdllected near Darjeeling, at an elevation of oSUD feet, by Mr. Osmaston.
The wings of our adnlt in lies from Hainan measnre about 34i to 35 cm., those of
the female a little over 30 cm.
We must, therefore, at present recognise :
1. Si/rnium neivarensis newarensis (Hodgs.).
Bnlara newarensis Hodgson, Asiatic Researches xix. p. 1G8 (183G. — Nepal).
Himalayas.
Largest; wing of females reaching 4i) and even 41 i cm. Disc as a rule not
ochraceous. Crown as a rule dark brown, occasionally nearly blackish. — Specimens
from Burma and Tenasserim are not typical, being generally slightly smaller and
inclined to be more ochraceous.
2. S. newarensis iiuli-anee (Sykes).
Slrix Jmlranee Sykes, P. Z. S. 1834. p. 82 (Woods of the Ghauts).
Ceylon and S. India.
Considerably smaller. The most " typical " — or I should say the most
pronounced — examples are those from Ceylon ; they have the disc bright ochraceous,
the crown not very deep brown. Similar ones occur in Southern India, but some
of the latter are less typical.
3. -S. neioarensis maingayi Hume.
Slrix maingayi Hume, Siray Feathers vi. p. 27 (Malacca).
Rather bright ochraceous below, and somewhat small, but somewhat variable.
Generally very similar to indraiiee, but sometimes nearer to S. n. neivare/isits. The
bars on the abdomen seem to be wider apart than iu the allied forms.
? 4. S. newarensis caligutus Swinh.
This form stands between S. n. newarensis and indranee. Possibly it is widely
spread, occurring from Formosa throughont parts of China to Hainan and Burma.
A " male " (? perhaps wrongly sexed !) from Fokien (Rickett) with the wing
37 cm., is hardly separable from Himalayan specimens I
Unless series from (Miina and Formosa can be compared, this form must be
left in abeyance.
102. Ketupa zeylonensis (Gm.).
Slrit zeylvnensis Gmeliu, Syst. Nat. i. p. 287 (1788. — Ceylon).
1 (nnsexed) Mt. Wnchi, 18. xi. 190.5 (No. 270).
1 ? Mt. Wnchi, 10. xi. 11)00 (No. 270).
As far as one can judge from two specimens, there is no difference between
these Hainan specimens and others from Ceylon.
103. Ninox scutulata japonica (T. & S.).
Ninox japonica Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 488 (Kiungchau, Haosuy).
North Hainan (Swinhoe).
( 207 )
104. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.)-
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 489.
North Hainan (Hartlaub).
105. Circus spilonotus Kaup.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 489.
1 <J ad., 1 ? juv. Hoihow, January — Febrnary 1903 (No. 103).
1 ? jnv. (without exact locality), Ai)ril 1003 (No. 163).
? ad. Utoshi, March 1903 (No. 103).
? ad. Liudou, March 1903 (No. 163).
? juv. Tingau, June 1905 (No. 163).
106. Circus inelanoleucus (Forst).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 489 (North Hainan).
3 juv. S. Hainan, 12. iii. 19U4 (No. 252).
107. Circus macrourus (Gm.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 489.
Hoihow (Hartlaub).
108. Circus aeruginosus (L.).
Grant, P. Z S. 1900. p. 489.
Lei Muimon and North Hainan (Swinhoe, Hartlaub).
luO. Lophospizias trivirgatus rufitinctus (McClell.).
Lo/iho.yiha tiioirgata Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 489 (Five-Finger Mts.).
5 ? ?, 1 <J juv. Mt. Wuchi, November 1906 (No. 219).
? jnv. No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 93).
(J jnv. Hoihow, November 1903 (No. 219).
<J ad. Nararo, March 1903 (No. 159).
3 (J (J ad. Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 159).
6 (J (J ad., 2 juv. ; 2 $ $ ad., 2 jnv. Mt. Wuchi, November 1903 (Nos. 159, 219).
? ad. Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 159).
<? ad. Yon Boi, June 1904 (No. 159).
The specimens from Hainan seem to agree perfectly — at least in size — with
North Lidian ones, and not with the very much smaller form {L. trivirgatus
tricirgatus) from the Sunda Islands and Ceylon. Mr. Grant {Ibis, 190", p. 257)
makes the same remark regarding the examples from Formosa. It is strange that
Mr. Grant did not nominally separate these forms, though he recognised that they
differed.
1 1 0. Accipiter badius poliopsis (an subspec. uov. ?).
Astur badiuH (errore !) Grant, P. Z. S. 19U0. p. 490 (North and Central Hainan).
2 (J<J jnv.: 1 ? ad., 1 jnv. Hoihow, January, February, November 1902,
July 1905 (Nos. 71, 237).
$ jnv. Lei Muimon, January 1903 (Nos. 71, 237).
( 208 )
? jnv. No-Tai, October 1902 (No. 237).
3 ? ? ad. f'lieteriang, Jaimary 1004 (No. 237).
8 (J<J ad., 3 jiiv. ; 3 ?? ad., 2 jiiv. Mt. AViiclii, November, December 190.5
(No. 237).
This benntiful series agrees very well with the Burmese (and Assamese !) race :
A. badius poliopsis. Perhaps the cheeks and sides of the head are still darker,
more slaty grey, bnt I dare uot se|)arato them at present. They are widely
different from .1. bai/i/ts b<tilii(s from <'t'yloii, which is much smaller and darker.
1 am at present acquainted with the following races of this pretty little hawk :
1. Accipiter badiiis badius (Gm.) : Ceylon and S. India. — Very small and
rather dark grey above !
2. A. badius ceiichroides (Sev.) : Turkestan, Baluchistan, E. Persia, and Punjab,
Sind (? winter). — A very pale race.
3. A. badius breeipes (Sev.) : S.E. Euro()e, Mountains (Achal Tekke) of
Transcaspia, Asia Minor, Persia, Palestine. — The adult male of this race is always
recognisable by the ashy grey instead of creamy bnft" inner edges to the inner webs
of the remiges and the distinctly barred under wing-coverts.
4. A. badius poliopsis (Hume) : Similar to A. badius badius, but considerably
larger, with the sides of the head darker, more slaty. — Burma and Tenasserim ; also
the Assam and Cachar specimens belong to this form ; I think also those from
Hainan must be united with .4. b. poliopsis, though our tine series of well-prepared
skins shows the dark sides of the head still more clearly.
[In nsing the name Accipiter (Schaeffer) for this species I do not mean to
emphasise that A. badius does not belong to As/ur, but that Astur and Accipiter
are inseparable.]
111. Accipiter nisus subspec, ?
Cf. Grant, F. Z. S. lyOO. p. 490.— (Central Haiuan, Swiahoe).
? Mt. Wuchi, 1. xi. 1905 (No. 93).
This example appears to be a juvenile bird, and it is therefore difficult to say
to which race it belongs. It is rather ])ale on the whole, and I think it must
belong to the pale race \\a,min\ pallens by Stejueger, unless there are more than one
paler snbspecies in the East. The feathers on the head, hlndneck and upper mantle
are, however, rather dark, with pale edges.
Our examples of A. n. melanoschistus are very different, but we have none in
the same plumage as that of the Hainan Sparrowhawk.
112. Accipiter soloensis (llorsf.).
Accipiter aoloeiish Uorsfield, Trans. Linn. 6oc. Land. xiii. p. 137(1821 — Java).
Nisus manilensis Mejen, Beilr. ZooL, ia Verh, Leup. Car. Akad. viil. Suppl., Zmil. p. G9, Tab. ix.
(1834— Manila !).
2 SS juv. Mt. Wuchi, November 1905 (No. 278).
Not previously recorded from Haiuan.
It will be noticed that I have placed, entirely against tradition dating from
1874, among the synonyms of A. soloensis the JVisus manilensis of Meyen. When
looking at Meyen's plate and description, it occurred to me at once, that the name
manilensis could not possibly refer to the bird hitherto called manilensis, which is
( 209 )
a form of A. virgatus, but that it must refer to A. soloensis. This conchision has
been verified by Prof. Reichenow, who tells me that the type oi Falco manilensis
in the Berlin Museum has the under wing-coverts uniform without any spots, the
cere yellowish, the middle toe as short as in .1. soloi'nsis, the bill at base as wide
as in the latter. There can, therefore, be no doubt whatever tliat Fuleo manilensis
is a synonym of Accipiter soloensis. Dr. Sharpe {Gat. B. i. p. l.")l, footnote)
professed to have examined the type in the Berlin Museum, but evidently lie had
not done so properly and made a mistake.
The bird hitherto called A. manilensis having no name, it must receive one,
and I propose to call it
Accipiter virgatus confusus subspec. nov.
The male difiers from that of ^l. virgntiis virgatus (-Java, Borneo) as follows :
It is slightly larger (wing of onr S 1.5.5 mm.); the upper surface is not so deep
slate, but paler, more bluish slate-grey on the head and neck, and the rufous of the
breast and sides is not so bright, duller, and with a faint bluish tinge. The blackish
grey line along the throat is very distinct.
The female has the upper surface, with the exception of the crown, more
brownish, the under surface broadly barred with white, and of a still duller, more
brownish rufous colour. Wing of our ? 182 mm.
For fuller descriptions of Philippine specimens see Tweeddale, P.Z.S. 1878,
p. 938, pi. 57 (under the uame of " Accipiter sterensoni ") ; Gurney, fJst of the
Diurnal Birds of Prei/ (1884) pp. 173-7 ; and Grant, This, 1890, p. 109.
Type of Accipiter virgatus confustis : S ad. Lagmia de Bai, Luzon, 9. i. 1895,
A. Everett coll. (No. 925, Mus. Tring).
Besides this (J we possess a ?, North Luzon, 5. ii. 1895 (.John Whitehead coll.).
The former (the cJ) is a most beautiful, the latter a fiiirly good skin.
We also have a female obtained at Port Blair, Andamans, 22. i. 1907, by
Mr. B. B. Osmastou. It very closely resembles our female from Luzon, but the
under wing-coverts are white instead of rnsty buff, and it is slightly more bluish
above. Grant {Ibis, 189(5, p. 109) also mentions an Andaman female which closely
approaches A. i\ confusus.
A. virgatus confusus (under the erroneous name of ^4. manilensis) is known to
occur in Luzon, Guimaras, Leyte, Mindanao, Mindoro and Negros.
[In Nov. Zool. l-<95, p. 487, No 22, I recorded A. virgatus confusus (under the
name of A. manillensis) from Mindoro, but the specimens thus recorded belong
to A. soloensis.']
113. Accipiter affinis Gurney.
Accipiter virffalu.i, sulxj). affinis (&x Hodgson 18.S4 : nomen nudum !)nnrnpy, List of Dlunii.il Binh of
Pi-eij, pp. 39 and 168—173 (1884 — Himalayas [and Formosa]).
(J imm. Hoihow, April 1902 (No. 71).
2 (J<J, 3 ? ? ad. and imm. Mt. Wuchi, March, April 1903 (No. 141).
<J imm. Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 03).
(J ad. Mt. Wuchi, November I'.iOO (No. 276).
The identification of these specimens has led me — like Mr. Ogilvie-Grunt in
1896 (cf. Ibis, p. 104) — to make an examination of onr material of Accipiter vin/atux
and its allied forms, and of the pertnining literature. Doubtless Jlr. (irant was
14
(210)
correct in separating affinis, virgatus and gularis, bnt some of ray other conclosions
(lifter from his. According to my investigations these forms must be separated as
follows :
1. Accipiter virgatus virgatus (Temm.).
Fidco ririyilus Temminck, PI. Col. 109 (1822 — Java. The plate shows an adult male with the
thigh.s barred).
1 Acrijtiler liexra Jerdon, Mailnis ./mirna! Lill. (£• St', x. p. 84 (1839 — description indifferent ; id.,
///. ///(/. Uni. pis. 4 and 29. Plate 4 shows a young male from South India, pi. 29 a female
" after its first moult " ; I should say that the first might be the South Indian form, but the
female represented on pi. 29 is troublesome, showing sharp barring on the throat, up to the
chin).
Accipiter nifotibialis Sharpe, Ihin 1887. p. 437 (Kina Balu on Borneo).
Accipiter virgntus (Temm.) has a male whicli is dark slate above, the tail slate-
grey with three wide dark slate bars ; nnder-snrface bright rnsty red, chiu wliitisli
buff with brown shaft-stripes along the centre, middle of abdomen white with
rnfons bars, belly and nnder tail-coverts white, more or less barred. Thighs either
barred or nniform rusty red or rufous. Wing abont 150 — 153 mm.
The adult female is — according to Schlegel, who had a series — either similar
to the male in coloration, or barred underneath. The female (in this and all the
allied forms) is of course much larger than the male.
The young male appears to be more rufescent than that of the allied forms, the
feathers of the upperside margined with bright cinnamon.
This bird inhabits Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and probably Bali, Lorabok,
Sambawa and Flores (Everett coll.). A very similar race inhabits Southern India
and Ceylon; in fact, adult males appear to be indistinguishable, only the under wing-
coverts appear to be more whitish. Moreover, if the adult female of the true firgafus
from Java is, in coloration, exactly like the male, and only occasionally barred,
as it would appear from Schlegel (Vogels van Nederlandsch Indie, Vallicogels,
pi. xii., and Notes Legden Museum, Accipitres, 1873, p. 75), and the adult female
of the Ceylonese (and South Indian, I sliould say) bird is never uniform rufous on
tlie breast as Legge says (Z?. Ceglon, p. 2S), the two forms would be different. If
they are, the form from Ceylon and South India would have to be called, I suppose,
Accipiter virgatus besra. The material in the British Museum (cf. Grant, Ibis, 189G,
p. 109) and that in Tring being rather poor, I do not think the ipiestion, whether
tlie Snnda Islands form and that from Ceylon and Soutli India are separable, can
be decided at present, except by an actual comparison of the series in Leyden from
Java with that from India at the British Museum. Tlie more whitish nnder wing-
coverts may be a distinguishing character.
Mr. Ogilvie-Graiil, following Sharpe, separated as a " sjiecies," Accipiter
rii/otihiaUs, bnt erroneously. The type of A. nifotibialis in the Tring Museum
agrees very well with a male from Mt. Qedeh in Java ; the typical males of
virgatus from Java are just as small as the Kina Balu ones, and the coloration
of the thighs varies in the Java birds. The under tail-coverts of the type of
,1. rufotibialis are white, as they are in Javanese examples ; Dr. Sharpe described
them as chestnut, but this must have beeu a pen-slip or misprint.
1a. Accipiter virgatus confusus Hartert.
See above, p. 209.
(211 )
2. Aceipiter affinis Gnrney.
Aceipiter virfiatim, siilsp. affinis (ex Hodgson, Gray's Znol. J/mc, 1884. p. 81, nomen nudum!)
Gurney, List tif Diurnal. B. of Prey, pp. 3'j and 168-73 — Himalayas [and Formosa]).
There can be no donbt that this is qnite a different bird from both A. rirqatus
{besm, confusx.'i) and A. gularis, and I do not think it can Ije considered a sub-
species of either.
It is a mnch larger bird than A. virgatus (wing of adnlt males abont ITO — 170
mm.); the sexes are alike in coloration. The adult bird is dark slat)' -brown above,
the back browner, the crown darker and more slate-colour, the bases of the featliers
on the najte and hindneck white and more or less showing throngli, if the featliers
are only sliglitly disarranged. The throat is white with wide blackish brown
longitudinal stripes, especially along the centre and laterally ; the crop is broadly
striped, but the rest of the lower surface is widely barred with brown on a white
ground. Young birds have the upper surface more brownish, and the brown
markings on the upperside are longitudinal or in the form of roundish spots, not
cross-bars.
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant {Ibis, 1895, p, 105) attaches importance to the "difference
in the shape of the wing, which, though mentioned by Schiegel {Mas. Pays-Bas, ii.,
Asturea, pp. 32-33, 1802), has been overlooked by subsequent writers." He con-
tinues that in A. gularis the fourth primary is considerably longer than the fifth,
while in A. virgatus and its allied forms the fourth quill is only slightly longer
than the fifth. I find, however, tliat this character varies considerably and is
therefore not reliable.
Mr. Grant apparently overlooked that Schiegel wrote more fully on these
hawks in 1873 {Accipitres, p. 75). There he united gularis and virgatus, thus
clearly showing that he did not consider his former statements to be of any value.
Aceipiter affinis appears to inhabit the Himalayas. It is found also in Formosa
and Hainan, but it appears to be a winter visitor on these islands, and probably
migrates down from the Himalayas in the cold season.
3. Aceipiter gularis (Temm. & Schleg.).
Astur rjularis Temminck and Schiegel, SiebokVa Fauna Japoiiica, Area, p. 5, pi. 2 (1844* —
Japan).
AccijiiUr niisoides BIyth, Jmirn. Ax. Soi: Bfiir/al xvi, p. 727 (1847 — Malacca !).
Ardjiiler utevens'iiu Gurney, Ihis 1803. p. 447, pi. xi (China).
This liawk appears to be quite distinct from buth virgatus and affinis — and
I think for the present it should be treated as a species, though it might be a
subspecies of ^1. virgatus, but not of affinis.
The adnlt males are rather variable in the coloration of the under-surface,
the latter being eitlier greyish white with a creamy or buff tinge, or reddish fawn-
coloured, sometimes even bright fawn, and the bars are either very distinct and of
a greyish brown or obsolete. The throat is always entirely unbarred, the feathers
along the middle having blackish shafts, forming an irregular narrow central line.
— Wing aliout 158 — 162 mm. — The adnlt female is of course much larger than the
male, and the under-surface is sharply liarred up to the throat, which is white,
unbarred, with a narrow mesial line of dark brown. It differs from A. affinis in
the barring being narrower and reaching to the throat, in the absence of wide
* The first twenty-eight pages appeared in 1844 and not 1850
( 212 )
and bold longitudinal stripes on tbe jngnlnm, and in boing smaller; the male being
but very little smaller than the male of the latter, the female in size between the
male and female of ^1. o//i>i/s. The female of A. ffiiluri.s resembles that of .1. nis/is,
bnt it is even smaller than the male of the latter, the upper surface is somewhat
daikcr, the throat has only one irregular mesial line instead of a number of stripes,
and the under wing-coverts are tinged with rusty buff.— The young birds are, of
course, striped or spotted instead of barred.
A male shot by the late Bingham at Nyaung-pyne in the Northern Shan States,
Upper Burma, on December ID, 1900, is a rather aberrant one, unless it belongs
to another, hitherto unde.-^cribed race. The mesial strijie along the pure white
throat is 2—3 mm. wide, and extends down over the jugular region, and the sides
of the body are half barred and half striped witii pale grey on a rusty brown ground,
so that very little remains of the whitish colour which prevails in the middle of the
breast and abdomen.
This bird breeds in East Siberia (Lake Baical, Dauria, or Transbaicalia),
North China and Japan, and it migrates to the south, thus being found together with
A. riryatiis, in Borneo, Java, and India.
(Another sparrowhawk from the East is Accipiter rhodogaster (Schleg.), from
Celebes. It is well described by Schlegel, Gurney, Sharpe, and last by Meyer and
Wiglesworth, in their great book on the Birds of Celebes, i. p. 25. I do not see
why this should be a subspecies of A. rirgatKS, but there can be no doubt whatever
that .1. rhodoqaster siihu'/isis, from the Sula Islands, is a subspecies of rhodogaster.
Our only adult example of sulaensis diflers from our single female of .-I. rhodogaster
rhodoqastc.r in the thighs being viuaceous cinnamon, instead of grey, as in the latter,
and perhaps the cheeks are less pure grey and more tinged with rufous. Messrs.
Meyer and Wiglesworth, with exceptional inconsistency, have named this form
binomially, " Accip/ti'r sulariisis," at the same time stating that it varies geo-
graphically in Sula in the same manner as Spilornis rujipectus sulaensis, which
they name trinomially. — The different colour of the thighs in our adnlt ^1. rhod.
sulaensis appears to be of no importance, as Schlegel figures his sulaensis with
grey thighs.)
114. Buteo buteo plumipes Hodgs.
Uuteo plumiim Hodgson, /'. /^. .S. lH4j. p. .37 (' Procured in the central hilly region,'' sc. of Nepal!) ;
Grant, P. Z. S. UKIO. p. 490.
? Hoihow, February 10(i2 (No. fis).
2 <Jo, 1 ¥ Mt. Wuchi, November 1905 (Nos. 198, 203).
II."). Spizaetus nipalensis (Hodgs.).
Grant, /'. /■ S. 1900. p. 490. (One specimen was procured by Whitehead.)
1 (J, 1 ? Mt. Wuchi, November— December 1905 (No. 276).
116. Spilornis cheela rutherfordi Swinh.
Spiturnh nUherfordi Swiuhoe, Ib',^, 1870. p. 8.:. (Hainan).
Spilornis melanntis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 491.
14 J? ad. et juv. Mt. Wnchi, Ajiril 1903 ; October, November 190.5. (Nos. 162,
280.)
? ad. Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 162).
( 213 )
5 (?? ad. Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 162).
S jnv. Mt. Wuchi, November 1906 (No. 162).
It seems that the race called iS. rathofordi iuhabits the mouutaius and hill-
tracts of Assaru, Cauhar and Burma, and winters in Hainan.
117. Milvus melanotis Temra. & Schleg.
Grant, r. Z. S. 1900. p. 401. (Abundant throughout Hainan, tosto .Swinhoe.)
A large series, <J and ? , mostl}' young, from Hoihow, Tingan, Cheteriang,
Wnpashi, Katsik, January, February, April, July 1903 — 100.5. (Nos. 6y, 19S, 260.)
118. Lophotriorchis kieneri (Geoffr.).
A fine 3 of this species was obtained at Mt. Wuchi, 18. xi. 190.5 (No. 262).
Not recorded from Hainan. — It would be interesting to know whether these
birds breed on Hainan, the Malayan Islands, etc., or whether they are migrants
from the north.
119. Cerchneis tinnunculus japonicus (Temm. & Schleg.).
Faico llnnuHculus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, in Siebold's Fauivi Japniiiai, .li'cs, p. 2,
pl. 1, 2.*)
Cerchneis tinnunculus Grant, P. Z. .S'. 1000. p. 401. (Frequent throughout Hainau.)
? Hoihow, February 1903 (No. 113).
<?? Lei Muimon, January 1903, February 1902 (No. 113).
? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 113).
? Hainan, May 1, 190.5 (No. 113).
All these specimens appear to belong to the race with dark, heavily marked
upper surface. This race, though very close to the Indian resident race named
" «a^«r<?,'«,s-," differs from the latter in having a less reddish (paler) undcr-surface
and heavier black marks on the back. Whether this form breeds on Hainan or
not I cannot say.
Besides these five examples there is one, shot at Cheteriang 9. i. 1904, which
is quite light in colour, and which, I think, must doubtless be a migrant from the
north, and belongs to another subspecies.
120. Falco peregrinus leucog'enys Brehm.
Falco cnmmunis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 491. (RecordeJ from one male, December, by Hartlaub.)
tJ Tingan, 10. vi. 1905 (No. 259).
Although obtained in June, I do not think that the Peregrine Falcon breeds on
Hainan. I consider this specimen to lielong to the Siberian form, /•'. j/i're;/rinus
leiicof/eiiys, which migrates southwards in winter, and the present example, which
is in moult, must have remained behind for some reason.
121. Baza lophotes (Temm.).
Fako lophotes Temminck, PI. Col. i. pl. x. (182.3).
One fine adult male from Namro, 12. iii. 03 (No. 165).
" Bill and feet plumbeous ; iris verditer blue " (Katsumata).
• This name has been overlooked in the Cai. B. Brit. iliu. i. p. 425, and again in the Ilund-list o£
Dr. Sharpe.
( 214 )
Not previously recorded from Hainan.
This luagnificeiit species is distributed from the Himalayas (Nepal) to the
Malay Peninsula and Cochin-China.
122. Baza jerdoni (BIyth)?
Lophasliis Jerilniii Blyth, Junni. An. Sm:. Bengal xi p. 4lU (184'2).
4 <?? Mt. AVuchi, October, November lOOo (No. 270).
These liirds appear to belong to the rare Baza jerdoni, recorded only from a
few specimens from Sikkim, Teiiasserim and IManbhooni in Sonth-western Bengal,
and, if Baza siimatreims LafV. and Baza inco</nita Hume arc the same (about
which I am by no means certain), in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. The old
birds, of which there are two, have the ear-coverts pale grey with brownish edges,
the crown and hindneck rusty brown with blacki.sh centres to the feathers. Wings
about 33 cm., but being in moult not measurable with absolute exactness. Tlie
upper mandible of the beak has two distinct " teetii " ; the longest crest-feathers
have white tips. " Iris bright orange."
123. Polioaetus humilis major Meyer & Wigl.
PoUoaetus humilis major Meyer & Wiglesworth, B. Cdebes i. p. 41 (1898 — "Sub-Himalayan
Ranges ").
Polioaetus humilis Grant, P. Z. S. 1000. p. 491 (Liuwowan, teste Styan).
1 ,J Mt. Wuchi, 13. xi. 1905 (No. 277).
2 (?<?, 1 ? Mt. Wuchi, November 1906 (No. 277).
The larger race inhabiting the southern slopes and lower forests of the Hima-
layas has justly been named P. humilis major by Messrs. Meyer & Wiglesworth,
as the name pliimhcufi of Hodgson is a " nomen nudum " of uncertain apjilication.
Though we have no proof of this, I have no doubt that this bird is only a
winter visitor on Hainan, migrating southwards in the cold season. The wings of
onr Hainan specimens measure : ? 460, 3 cJ o 445, 430, 426 mm.
124. Pandion haliaetus haliaetus (L.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 491 (" Harbours of Hainan," Swinhoe).
iS Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 161).
? S. Hainan, May 1904 (No. 161).
4 (J? Mt. Wuchi, October, November 1905, November 1006 (No. 161).
The birds from Hainan belong to P. h. haliaetus, and not to P. h. leucocepkalus.
125. Eurystomus orientalis calonyx Sharpe.
Kuriixlomus mIoiii/T Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. .Uus. xvii. p. 38. pi. ii. fig. 2 ( 1 892— " Amoorland,
Manchuria and North China in summer, apparently wintering in Tenasserim, the Malayan
Peninsula and Borneo. Throughout the Himalayas from Kumaon to Assam ") ; Grant,
P. Z. S. 1900. p. 488 (Hoihow, 29. ix., teste Styan).
<? ? ad. Sccba, April 1902 (No. 56). Bills large, culmen 33—34 mm.
(J? ad. Hoihow, 25. viii., 1. ix. 1903 (No. 50). Bills smaller, culmen 27-5 and
32 mm.
J juv. Hoihow, In. viii. 10ii3 (No. 56).
J juv. No-Tai, 27. ix. 1902 (No. 56).
(215 )
(? JUQ. Mt. Wuchi, Central Hainan, 15. xi. 1906 (No. 56).
As far as I can see, the two specimens from Secha are true caloni/.r as described
by SUarpe, while I am doubtful about the pair from Hoihow and the young birds.
M calonijx is different, it can only be the northern subspecies of E. ofientalis.
126. Halcyon pileata (Bodd.).
AU-pAo piUata Boddaert, Tahl. PI. Eid. p. 41 (1783— ex Daubenton, China),
Haleijoii pileatus Grant, P.Z.B. 1900. p. 488 (S.W. aad N. Hainan).
3 <?^, 2 ? ? Hoihow, February and March 19U2, October 1003 (No. 37).
<? Kinngchan, 6. iii. 1902 (No. 37).
127. Halcyon smyrnensis fusca (Bodd.).
llalcijim smt/rnensis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 488 (various parts of Hainan).
7 <?c? November 1905, 1906 (No. 114).
2 c?<J Mt. Wuchi, October 1905 (No. 114).
No-Tai, 30. ix. 1902 (No. 114).
<?9 Lei Muimon, 10, 14. i. 1903 (No. 114).
The Indo-Chinese form of this widespread Kingfisher is much smaller and
darker than H. s. sini/men-sis, as has often been explained ; nevertheless onr
colleagues Sharpe (Hand-list ii. p. 56) and Grant (I.e.) do not separate the two
forms.
Dr. von Madardsz (Annates Mus. Nat. Hangar. 1904) has described two new
subspecies of Halcyon smyrnensis. One of these is the form inhabiting Ceylon,
and he named it Halcjjon yencrosa. This subspecies is fairly distinct, being smaller,
and the brown on the sides of the neck and breast is deeper.
Besides this. Dr. von Madarasz described a single female from Blalacca
(Singapore) under the name of Halcyon jierpidchra. This seems to be unfounded,
and I believe that all the continental forms from Malabar to China can be united
under the name of //. .s. fusca, which originally referred to Malabar liirds, and
which Dr. von Madarasz appears to have overlooked, as he did not mention it at all.
128. Ceyx tridactyla (Pall.).
Grant, P.Z.S. 1900. p. 487.
Apparently found on Hainan for the first time by Whitehead.
2 ^cJ, 2 ? $ Yon Boi, 30. v., 7. vi. 1004 (No. 283).
These specimens agree with Indian examples; only one of the "females "(?)
has the wing 60 mm. long, a length not reached by any of the others, nor by any
Indian specimen in the Tring Museum.
129. Ceryle lugubris guttulata Steju.
Cenjlc gultulala Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xv. pp. '294, 295 (Continental India and China) ;
Hartert, Noi'. Zool. 1901. p. 88.
Ceryle lur/iibris conlinentalis Hartert, Nov. Zool. 190O. p. .')34 (Himalaya and Assam) ; corr. Noo.
Zool. 1901. p. 88.
Cenjle lugubris Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 487. (" Interior o£ South-west Hainan " : teste Slyan.)
2 cJ<?, 2 ? ¥ Mt. Wuchi, Central Hainan, November 1905 (No. 275).
2 <J(J Mt. Wuchi, November 1906 (No. B 275).
( 216 )
These specimens agree perfectly with otliers t'rom (Sikkim aud Assam, except
that the bill appears to average somewhat larger (?).
It is strange that Ur. Sharpe, like myself, overlooked Stejueger's name, and
that he did not distinguish the two forms, which are ijuite as distinct as many
African "species" described by himself and other recent anthors, es{)ecia]ly as he
had noticed the differences as long ago as 1809, when he wrote his monograph of
the Kingfishers.
13u. Ceryle rudis iusiguis snbsp. nov.
Cenjle rarin (ncc Stricklaua 1) Grant, P.Z.S. 1000. p, 487. (-CoauuDu throiiglioul Hainau."—
Swiahoe).
4 (J(J, 4 ? ? lloihow, Fcbrnary and November IWi (No. 82).
? Lei MnimoD, lo.xii. 1902 (No. 82).
<J? Katsik, 9. iv. 190.3 (No. 82).
1 (J, 3 ? ? Tingan, April 1902 (No. 82).
Finding that the Hainan specimens difl'er from the Indian form in having
larger bills (generally about 1 cm. longer), I was obliged to give a new name to
them, as above. Type : tJ ad. Hoiliow, 1-i. xi. 19o:{, Tring Musenm, No. 8203.
The synonymy of these spotted Kingfishers has been confused for about half a
century or more ! The name i-ndis {Alcedo rudis Linnaeus, Si/sl.Sat. ed. x. p. 116,
1758) was given to specimens from "Persia and Egypt." The name " ludis" was
taken from Hassehiuist, who obtained the bird in Egypt, wliile the locality Persia
was added from Edwards' work. The " terra typica " of the name " rudis " is
therefore Egypt.
Assuming — for tlie present— that only one form of these Kingfisliers is found
in Africa, Swainson's names " biforqmta" (evidently an error for bicincta) and
bicincta, which refer to the West African birds, as well as leucoimdas of Brehm
(Egypt), are synonyms of radis, and so is Ceryle varia of Strickland. By an
oversight the name "car/a" had been used by several anthors for the Indian
form, and this has been done universally since 1892, when Dr. Sharpe employed
it for the eastern birds. Strickland, however {Ann. &,- Mag. vi., 1840, p. 418), when
writing about the various forms confounded under the name of " Alcedo rudis L.,"
said, "... Aud the Ispida ex albo et nigro varia Brisson (Buff., PI. Enl. 716) forms
a third species. This last never having received a specific name, I recommend that
it be called varia. It seems to be identical with the Indian species, l)ut of this
I am not certain, never having examined a Cape specimen." Now Brisson and
Bnffon describe and figure specimens from the Cape of Good Hope, and it is as
clear as anything that Strickland named the South African bird " varia.''' The
error of Dr. Sharpe probably arose from Strickland's note in the P.Z.S. 1842,
where the author transferred his name " varia " to the " Eastern representative
of the C. rudis of Europe and Africa" Such sliifting of the meaning of names,
however, cannot be accepted, and the Indian bird must therefore be called
Cenjle rudis leucomelanura Reicheub.,
as lU'ichenbacli (Ihiiidh. .lAvr/. p. 21, Taf. 40'.)n, fig. 34^s, \^;-i\) gave the latter
name to the Ceylon bird.
The Cliinese larger-billed subspecies nut having received a name, I named it
Ceryle rudis insignis, as above.
( 217 )
131. Alcedo ispida bengalensis Gm.
Alcedo ispida (!) Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 487. ("Common in open country." — Swinhoe.)
6 (J 9 ad. Hoihow, March 1902 (No. 16).
7 (J? ad. Kiungehau, February and March 1902 (No. 1(5).
All these specimens have comparatively long bills, but I find them eqnally
long in many Indian examples.
132. Alcedo grandis Blyth.
Grant, /'. Z. S, l;iiiO. p. 4S7. (First record for H;iinun,)
2 c?cJ Mt. Wnchi, l.j, 20. xi. KM).-) (No. 272).
^? Mt. Wnciii, U, 10. xi. lUnO (No. B 272).
The specimens from Hainan are apparently iiiilistiny:uishable t'nim the topo-
typical Nnrtli Indian Ijirds. TIjc entire bill is blackish in the male, while in the
female the lower mandilile is red.
133. Upupa epops indica Ueichenb.
{Tjnipa imlica Rcicheuliach, Ilanill,. Sper. Orii., Samsnria^, p. 320. Tat. DXCVI. Fig. 4037 (1854—
" Beugalen, Nepal, Nilgcrris, Tenasserim." " Bjngal " is to be recognised as " terra typica ").
Upupa indica Grant, /'. Z. S. TJOO. p. 487. (" Common throughout Hainan."— Swinhoe.)
Probably this form should be more correctly called U. e. longirostris, but I am
not alile, at j)resent, to decide if longirostris (from Burma, and eastwards to
Hainan) is separable from indica (from continental India), On the other hand,
the smaller Ceylon form {cei/loneiisis Rchb.) is in uo case " identical " with the
large one from Burma and Hainan. It is true that Salvia {Cat. B. xvi. p. in)
and Blanford (/>. India iii. p. 161) united all these forms, but as both these
authors, and cs])ecially the latter, did not distinguish geographical forms, unless
tliey " sjjraug into their eyes," this need not disturb us.
AVe have received the following series :
7 o'? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 25).
3 o"o Hoiliow, February 1903 (No. 25).
2 J i^ Lei Mniraou, 30. xii. 10o2, 10. i. 1903 (No. 25).
1 ? Kiungehau, 26. xii. 1902 (No. 25).
134. Nyctiornis athertoni (Jard. & Selby).
Grant, P.Z.S. 1900. p. 486. (For the first time recorded from a specimen obtained by White-
head.)
1 <?, 2 ? ? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. lln).
6 <?? Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 110).
2 <?? juv. Yon Boi, June 1904 (No. 243).
3 <J(J, 1 9 No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 110).
1 9 Mt. Wuchi, 19. xi. 1905 (No. 110).
The twoyouug birds show that tliis species breeds on Hainan. It is remarkable
that tlie tails of many of the Hainan specimens are very short. In the females the
tails measure from 128 to 132, and in one case to 134 ; in the males from 126
to 130 mm. In Sikkim the tails of four unsexed specimens measure 128 to 140,
in Tenasserim males about 135 (worn), females 127, Assam and (Jachar males
138 (in one case 135) to 141, females 137 mm.
( 218)
135. Merops philippiuus L.
Mernpa philipi>wnx Linnaeus, %a7. Ntil. ed. xiii. i. p. 183. No. 5(1767 — " Habitat inPhilippinis."—
This species wa.s already enumerated in the ed. xii. p. 183, but the name had been— probably
by a printer's error— omitted. On account of the e.^istence of the Ed. .\iii., printed at Vienna
in 1767, Graelin's edition should never have been called the thirteenth edition, and must
simply be quoted as''Gmelin, Sii^l. N'at.").
1 ? No-Tai, L's. ix. mil',' (No. lnO).
14 (J 9 Mancbow, Hainan, May l!)o4 (No. liiO).
Not previously recorded from Haiuaii.
loll. Merops bicolor sumatranus Haffl.
Merops sumatranus Grant, P.Z. S. IHOO. p. 486.
9 (J ? You Boi, May and June 10(i4 (No. 239).
5 (J? South Hainan, May 19u4 (No. 239).
This form differs from M. bicolor bicolor from the Fhilippines not ouly in the
deep chestnut colour of the head and mantle, and the constantly blue tliroat, hut
also in the colour of the central rectrices, which are pale blue towards the end
without black tips. Nevertheless we may look upon it as the geograjjhical
representative of J/, b. bicolor.
Eight clutches of four eggs each were found in holes in the ground on May 30
and June 4. The glossy white eggs measure from 215 x 19, 222 x 19-6,
22-2 X 201, and 24 x 20 1 to 242 x 20 and 246 x 205 mm.
137. Harpactes erythrocephalus hainanus Grant.
Harpades haiiiniins Grant, /'. Z. S, lOOU. p. 4^5 (Hainan).
Whitehead obtained this liird on the Five-Finger Mountains, Tetsu at,
Lei Jlnimon in south-west Hainan.
Katsumata sent us : 15 cJ ? Mt. Wuchi, March and April 1903 (No. ISO).
This subspecies differs from //. erythrocephalus eri/throcephalm by having a
slightly shorter wing, generally a darker red head, throat, and jngnlnm, conspicuously
darker brown upperside and somewhat lighter, less brilliant abdomen. The female
differs from that of //. cnjthrorephalus cri/throcephalus in being darker l)rown.
138. Rhopodytes tristis hainanus subspec. uov.
Rhopodyks trlslis Grant, P. Z. .<?. I'JOO. p. 485.
13 c?? No-Tai, March, Ajiril, and September I9(i2 (No. 88).
The specimens from Hainan agree with llh. tri.ftis tristis e.\cept that they are
smaller : the wing is considerably shorter, measuring from 150 to 160 mm., against
165 to 176 mm. in lih. tristis frisfi^^, and the tail is from 4 to 7 cm. shorter. The
coloration is the same, except that the forehead is generally somewhat darker.
Type of 7i'. tristis haimuiHs : 6 ad. 2(i. ix. 19ii2 (No. ss).
139. Centropus beugaleusis (Gm.).
Grant, P. Z. 5. 1900. p. 485.
2 ad., 1 juv. Hoihow, March, April, September 1902 (No. 70).
2 juv. Hoihow, January, October 1903 (No. 70).
1 ¥ No-Tai, 1. x. 1902 (No. 70).
(219)
1 9 ad., Mt. Wnchi, 24. v. 1903 (No. 70).
2 juv. Tail)iusLi, l.i. iii. 100.3 (No. TO).
1 ? Lei Muimon, 10. i. 19(J3 (No. 70).
These birds seem to agree well with Indian specimens.
Two nests containing two and three egg.s were found at the end of Ma}' and
beginning of Jnne, standing eighteen inches and two feet above the ground. The
eggs are white with very little gloss. They measure 30-3 x 245, 31 x 245,
30-5 X 23-5, 30-5 x 2o-5, and 31 x 25 mm.
1411. Centropus sinensis sinensis (Sfeph.).
Centropii.^ sineii^ix Grant, P. Z. S. lOOil. p. 485.
6 ad., 16 jun. H<iihow, February, March, April 1002, October 1903 (Nos. 69, 92).
A nest, standing two feet above the ground, was found on June 1, 1904,
containing three eggs. They are pure white, slightly glossy, and measure 355 x 28,
34-5 X 27-2, 35 x 28 mm.
141. Eudynamis orientalis honoratus (L.).
Eudi/iiamia hoiiomta Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 484.
1 S ad. Namro, 13. iii. 1903 (No. 79).
2 SS ad., 1 S imm., 3 ? ? Hoihow, March and April 1902 (Nos. 73, 79).
2 S S ad., 3 (?(? imm., Hoihow, February, May, June, November 1903
(No. 209).
1 ? Lei Muimon, 26. xii. 1902 (No. 73).
1 S ad., 4 ? ? Liudon, March 1903, March 1904 (No. 73).
1 ¥ No-Tai, 23. ix. 1902 (No. 73).
5 <?(? ad., 4 ? ? Utoshi, March 1903 (Nos. 73, 79).
These birds agree perfectly with Indian E. o. honoratus, e.^ccept that the wing
is generally slightly — about It) to 15 mm. — longer. The colour of the females
is just as whitish as in Indian birds. I do not, therefore, endeavour to separate
this form, especially as the size is not constant.
142. Surniculus lugubris (Horsf).
Cuculus lugubris Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Loiul. xiii. p. 179 (1820 — Java).
1 ? No-Tai, 27. ix. 1902 (No. 119).
The wing of this specimen is very long : 136 mm. Perhaps there is a smaller
and a larger form of .S'. luyuhritt, but I cannot at present discuss this question.
The species is new to Hainan.
143. Chrysococcyx maculatus (Gm.).
Chakococctjx maculatus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 484.
1 ? ad. No-Tai, 27. ix. 1902 (No. 101).
A single male was obtained on the Five-Finger Mountains by Whitehead.
That and our female are the only two specimens recorded from Hainan.
I see uo reason whatever for separating the genera Chrysococcyx and
Chalcococcyx,
( 220 )
144. Cacomantis merulinus (Scop.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 484.
3 jnv. Hoiliow, 7. ii. ami ;5ii. .\i. Umi3 (No. 131).
1 i, not quite adult, Lei Miiimon, :.'n. xii. 1002 (No. 131).
1 $, ne<ar]y adult, 1 ? juv. Utoshi, 2n, 21. iii. 1'.hi3 (N'o. 131).
1 i juv., Jhiiicb.ow, Uewinber l'.)ii3 (.NTo. 131).
145. Hierococcyx sparverioides (Vig.).
Cuculiis fp(tmriiji(lrs Vigor.-;, P. '/.. N. " ISiil." j). 17.1 {\K'yl — IlimitUiya).
7 cJc? ad., 1 S jun., 1 ? juv,, Mt. \\'uchi, March and Aiiril, aud Noveuiber and
December lOUo (No. 177).
(The genus I-lierococci/.L- might iierhaps be united with Cuculus).
This species is new to the ornis of Hainan. It i.s probably only a winter visitor
to the island.
14ii. Cucixlus micropterus Gould.
Grant, P. Z. H. 1900. p. 481.
Styan and Hartlaub recorded this species, and John Whitehead obtained it ou
the Five-Finger Mountains.
147. Cuculus intermedius Vahl.
A young bird (?), which apparently belongs to this species, was obtained on
Mt. Wuchi, 15. X. 1005 (No. 2S-,').
14.S. Palaeornis fasciatus (Miill.j.
Pahuonusfasrialu Grant, P. Z. S. 19(10. p. 484.
7 cJcT ad., 3 ? ? utoshi, March 1903 (No. 207).
1 c? ad. Mt. Wuchi, S, iv. 11)03 (No. 2o7).
4 ? ? and juv., Namro, March 10ii3 (No. 2ii7).
(Specimens from Nias Island, west of Sumatra, are enormously large. They
appear to belong to I'alncornis fasciatus mnjor llichmond, described from Pulo
Babi, north of Nias.)
149. Cyanops faber (Swinh.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 483.
10 6 ? Secha, April, May, and August 1902 (No. 52).
loll. Dendrocopus major cabanisi (Malb.)
(? Smaller snlispecies.)
Dendrocopus cabanisi (irant, P. Z. S, 1900. p. 48l'.
5 cJcJ, 5 ? ? Cheteriang, .lanuary 19ii4 CNo. 132).
2 <Jd% 1 ? Mt. Lei Mninion, January l'.iU3 (No. 132).
There appear to be two or three races of Great S])otted Woodpeckers in China
(and Hainan) — a largest one in the North, an intermediate one in Middle and South
China, and a smallest one in Hainan ; but the intermediate form appears to be so
variable — some examples agreeing with northern, others with southern birds — that
I do not venture to separate these forms at present.
( 221 )
I'll. Micropternus brachyurus holroydi Swinli.
Mkropteruus liohoijdi Swinhoe, Ibis 1870. p. 95 (Hainan) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. ]>. 48.'i.
12 (J? ad. No-Tai, 20—30. ix. 1902 (No. 54).
2 3S,\ ? ad. Secha, 9. iv. 1902 (No. .''>4),
(All forms of the geuiis Microjiterniis arp geographical representatives of
Alicroptern us brachyurus. )
lfl2. lyngipicus scintilliceps swinhoei snbspec. no v.
lyiigip'iciis Iculeeitsls Grant, P. Z. S. I'JOl). p. 4s:i.
2 <?<?, 2 ? ? No-Tai, September, October 1902 (No. 61).
3 <J(J Secha, April, May 1902 (No. 61).
2 (J^ Liudon, March 1903 (No. 61).
1 S Utoshi, 21. iii. 1903 (No. 61).
2 ? ? Lei Mnimon, 25. xii. 19ii2, 1. i. 1903 (No. 61).
In addition to this fiue series collected by Katsumata, I compared a pair
collected by Whitehead on the Five-Finger Monntains, and a male collected by
Tetsn, the late Schmacker's collector, at " Lahowan," 7. xii. 1S91.
A comparison with seventeen specimens from Formosa, the original locality of
kaleensis, shows that the Hainan specimens have smaller, generally shorter, and
always less powerfnl, thinner beaks than l<aleensis. The wings average also less,
measnring 92 — 97 mm. in the Hainan series, against 95 to 101-5 in the Formosan
birds.
There are no constant diftereuces in coloration. I name the Hainan race
Ii/ngipicus scintilliceps swinhoei
in memory of the great ornithologist who has been responsible for so many
discoveries in China, and for practically all our knowledge of the interesting ornis
of Hainan and Formosa, nntil Schmacker's Chinese collector (Tetsn), Whitehead,
and onr Japanese traveller (Katsumata) ascended the monntains of Hainan, and
Goodfellow and Alan Owston's Japanese skinners explored the highlands of
Formosa.
Type of /. scintilliceps swinhoei, 3 ad. No-Tai, 29. ix. 1902.
153. Lepocestes sineusis hainanus Grant.
Grant, Ibix 18'J9. p. 585 ; P. Z. S. 1900. p. 483.
10 <J(J, 6 ?? Mt. Wuchi, March 1903, November 1905 and 1906 (Nos. 189,
B. 189).
This woodpecker is closely allied to, though easily di.stinguishalile from,
L. siiu'iisis Rickett of Fokien.
154. Chrysophlegma styaiii Grant.
Grant, Ibis 1899. p. 585 ; P. Z. S. 1900. p. 482.
6 (J^, 4 ? ? Mt. Wnchi, November lOitO (No. B. 210).
1 cJ Mt. Wuchi, 18. xi. 1905 (No. 210).
1 ? Mt. Wuchi, 25. v. 1903 (No. 210).
1 expect that C. sti/ani and rickiiti are subspecies of C. wrai/i from the
( 222 )
Malay Peninsula, but we have no specimens of ricketti and only a female of wrayi
in the Tring Museiiin. The differences of these forms are explained by Mr. Ogilvie-
Graut {I.e.).
155. Gecinus chlorigaster loug^ipennis subspec nov.
1 $ Cheteriang, 11. i. 1904 (No. 211).
1 ? Mt. Wnchi, 22. v. 1903 (No. 211).
5 <?,?, 4 ?? Mt. Wuchi, November 1900 (No. B. 211).
This splendid new subspecies — species for most ornithologists, but in my
opinion doubtless the representative of Gecinus chlorigasfer ehloriganter of Sonth
India and Ceylon, and of G. cldorigaster rodgeri from the Malay Peninsula — is
much larger than the Sonth Indian chlorigasfer. The lower portion of the lores
and a line passing from the lores under the ear-coverts is pale yellowish green.
In none of the — apparently adult— males is there a red malar stripe, which is so
conspicnons in G.c. ehloriga.-iter, but in three of them are some red spots to indicate
it; neither of them has the crown entirely red or blackish with red tips, but red
with large green patches ; it is impossible to say if the crown would ever become
qnite red, but these males appear to be adult. Bill larger ; buff spots on the sides
of breast and abdomen smaller ; otherwise like G. r. chloriqaster. Wing of males
130 — 137, of females 128 — 130 mm., in one example (? wrongly sexed) 137 mm.
Cnlmen 265 — 275 mm.
Type of Gecinus cldorigaster longipennis: S Mt. Wuchi 15. xi. 1906
(Katsnmata coll.).
150. Gecinus canus hainanus Grant.
Gecinus Imimnus Grant, Ihis 1890. p. 584 ; P. Z. S. 1900. p. 482.
2 ? ? Mt. Wnchi, 25. iii., 24. v. 1903 (No. 186).
1 <?, 1 ? Mt. Wnchi, 15. xi. 1905 (No. ISO).
4 ? ? Mt. Wuchi, November 1900 (No. B. 186).
1 tJ, 2 ¥ ? Cheteriang, 5. 10. i. 1904 (No. 186).
I quite agree with the views hinted at by Mr. La Tonche in Iftis, 1907, pp. 2. 3
— viz. that G. gueriiii, iar/colo, and others are forms of G. eanus, with whicli they
apparently " intergrade " in some places.
Mr. Ogilvie-Graut erroneonsly compared his new " species," G. hainanus, with
G. guerini. It is certainly very different from Gecinus canus guerini of Chiukiang,
etc., but it is not easy to separate it from Gecinus canus tancolo from Formosa and
Southern China, up to Fokien. In fact, it only differs from the latter in being
slightly smaller — the bill generally less powerful, the wing shorter.
The wings of 3 <J<J from Hainan measure 132, 135, and 130 mm., those of
the females from 130 to 130, and in one example 138 mm., while I measure on
Chinese and Formosan birds as follows :
<?(? Yangtsekiang : 14S, 148 mm.
<J Kiukiang : 145 mm.
<J Foochow : 143 mm.
(J Formosa : 138 mm.
?? Formosa: 137, 137 mm.
It will thns be seen that" Gecinus hainanus" hardly differs from typical tancolo
(described from Formosa). I may add that there are no ditt'ereuces in colour, tancolo
being as dark and as green as hainanus.
( 223 )
luT. lynx torquilla L.
lynx Torquilla Linaaeus, Siixl. Nat. ed. x. p. I li (I75«— " Habitat ia Europa ").
1 3 Lindon, 11. iii. 1003 (No. 184).
1 ? Wupa Shi, 1. iv. 1904 (No. 184).
[1 <J Nancbau Islaml, 5. i. 1907 (No. 3).]
This species appears not to have lieeu noticed ou Hainan before. It is doubtless
only a l)ird of passage or winter visitor on Hainan.
158. Caprimulgus macrurus ambiguus Hart.
Capri null ipiH niacrunifi ambiijiiHi Hartert, Ihis 1896. p. .^73 (Malay Peainsula, Burma, Assam and
Eastern Himalayas).
(J? Cheteriang, 8. lo. i. 1904 (No. 203).
cJ Mt. Wnchi, 9. iv. 1903 (No. 203).
These specimens belong distinctly to the intermediate form which I named
ambiguus.
159. Caprimulgus indicus jotaka Temm. & Schleg.
Capri inul gus jntaka Grant, P. Z, S. I'JOO. p. 480.
Whitehead obtained two specimens on the Five-Finger Mountains. See
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant's remarks (/.c).
160. Apus subfurcatus (BIyth).
Cypnehis stib/urcaius Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 486.
Recorded by Swinhoe and Harthiub only.
101. Apus pacificus (Lath.).
Cyp'idus pacifiem Grant, P. Z. S. 19U0. p. 486.
Only recorded by Swinhoe.
102. Tachoruis infumatus (Scl.).
CypseluK liinin Swinhoe, Ibis 1870. p. 90 (Hainan).
Tuclioriiis iiifiimata Grant, /'. Z. S. 19(10. p. 486.
Swinhoe obtained several specimens on Hainan, and the Tring Mnsenm pos-
sesses one of liis types. Neither Whiteliead nor Katsumata collected this Swift,
which is regrettable, as it is by no means certain that it is quite identical with
North Indian infumatiis. If it is, as it might turn out to be, a darker race, its
name would have to be T. iiifamatus tinus.
163. Serilophus lunatus poliouotus Rothsch.
Serihiphus luinitiis poliouotus Rotb.schild, Dull. B. (J. Club xiv. p. 7 (1903— Hainan) ; Hartert,
Genera Avium 1. p. 5.
11 (?(?, 3 ? ? Mt. Wuchi, March 1903 (No. 179).
This is one of the most beautiful discoveries of Mr. Katsumata. S. I. polionotus
agrees with 6'. /. liinatu.i (Gould) and S. I. rothxchiUH Hart. & Butl. in the shape
of the primaries, which are shar[)ly pointed at the tips. It diflers in the colour of
the sides of the face, which are brownish grey, while the inner webs of the inner
secondaries are slaty grey with pale cinnamon tips.
( 224 )
104. Pitta nipalensis doug:lasi Grant.
Pilla (hiiigliisi Grant, Abstract Pioc. Zonl. So<: No. SI, p. IK (March 1910— Hainan).
11 (J? Mt. Wnchi, March and April 1003, November 1900 (Xos. l'.r,>, R 192).
7 <J? Cheterianir, January 1904 (No. 192).
We receiver! the first specimens of this interostiiiij Pi/fn as long ago as 1904,
and saw naturally at a glance that tliey dift'ered from P. nipn/ei/s/s nipalensis, hni
it was my wish to compare them with the type of J\ aiinnmensis Oustalet in the
Paris Museum, in order to give a good comparative description of the Hainan form,
rather than give a diagnosis which ouly half served its purpose, which is to
diti'erentiate a given form from all its allies.
Tlie series of this interesting Pitta shows much individual variation. What
must he the fnlly adnit male looks as follows : Lores, forehead, ear-coverts and
throat pale rosy, the chiu with some white, because the colour of the bases, which
is white on the chin, blackish otherwise, shows through. ^Vide sujiereiliary stripe
bright cinnamon rufous ; above the ear-coverts a few black feathers, forming a
hidden blackish line. Rest of upper snrfixce dull green, rump blue, upper wing-
coverts rusty green. Qnills dark brown, inner webs of primaries white at base,
outer webs dull greeuisli buff, green on both webs of the inner secondaries ;
underside of quills brownish ash-colour. Tail dull green. Underside from the
throat backwards yellowish brown, darker on the foreneck, gradually paler on the
abdomen and under tail-coverts, centre of belly more or less whitish, sometimes
with a faint rosy tinge ; foreneck and chest washed with jiink. " Iris seal brown ;
bill brown ; feet drab-grey " (Katsumata). Wing 115 — 120 mm.
What, in my opinion, must be the females, have no rosy colour on the lores,
ear-coverts and throat, these parts being whitish grey-brown, whitest on the chin,
where the bases of the feathers are white, not black. The crown and hindneck are
dull green or rusty brown, or brown with a greenish tinge. The blue on the rump
is not so pure and generally more restricted, the back duller and more brownish
green. Under-surface a little paler and without any j)ink wash on the foreneck and
chest. Wings 114 — 118 mm.
I do not think there can be any doubt that these are the adult females, although
some of the adult males are also marked " ? ". I mention this, because Katsu-
mata's "sexing" is, as a rule, very reliable, indeed more so than that of many
well-known European collectors.
There can be little doubt that these birds are difiennit from Pitta soror, but
they must be closely allied to F. annamensis Oust. This latter form was described
from a single individual, not fully adult, from Annam. A figure has been given
in the Xoinrlles Arcliiecs du. Mnsi'iim t/'IIistoire Xaturelln, 4. serie, vol. v. 1903,
Plate V. This looks uncommonly like the female of I'itta doiiqlasi except that
the back is purer green and the top of the head lilac grey, while the underside is
the same as in the females of P. douglasi.
Unfortunately, however, the figure, like others published in the same
periodical, is not well executed, and does not agree with the description! The
top of the head is described as "rose-lilas" or " roseo-vinaeeum," and the rump,
which is light blue in the plate, is said to be of the same colour 1 Moreover,
a vinous rose-colour is said to cover the throat and to merge gradually into the
rufous colour of the breast : nothing of this is seen on the plate in question. Also
the mantle is described as bruwn, tinged with greyish green, not grass-green 1
(225)
I therefore, in view of these diserepancies, am at a loss to say eonfulently \wx
P. f/oHf/lrisi differs from P. tiiuuimriisis, hut I trust tliat Mr. Ogilvie-fJrant, wlio
took upon liiraself tlie responsiliility of naming the Hainan Pittn, will lose no
opportunity to compare the Annam form with those from Hainan, of which we
have such a fine series, and of which he received two examples.
10."). Hirundo rustica g'utturalis Scop.
Grant, f. Z. .S. UIOO. p. 481.
A large series from Hoihow and Kiungchau, March 1902 (No. 33).
I'lO. Cryptolopha albogularis fulvifacies Swinli.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 481 (C. fulvifarie.-,).
Not represented in the collection. — One cj obtained by Whitehead.
107. Tchitrea princeps princeps (Teram.).
Terpsiphnne prhicpps Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 481 (Hoihow ; Five-Finger Mts.).
1 <J, 2 ? ? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 97).
3 ? ? Mt. Wuchi, October 1905 (No. 97).
1 <J jnv. Mt. Wuchi, 15. xi. 1906 (No. B. 97).
168. Rhipidura albicoUis (Vieill).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 481.
8 <?? Mt. Wuchi, March— April 1903 (No. 138).
2 ? ? Lei Mnimon, December 1902, January 1903 (No. 138).
Formerly recorded by Styan.
1 do not think the Hainan birds are separable from Indian and Bornean ones,
and it seems to me that atfata Salvad. from Sumatra is also inseparable.
169. Hypothymis azurea caeruleocephala (Sykes).
H. azurea Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 481. (Common, teste Swinline.)
Slphia Slyuni (sic!) Hartlaub, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen xvi. 2. p. 248 (1898— Hoihow and Nodouha.
Descr. of young male. Type examined).
5 (?<?, 1 $ Secha, April 1902 (No. 64).
2 tJcJ, 2 ? ? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 64).
3 ? ? Lei Muimon, December 1902, January 1903 (No. 64).
7 (J? Mt. Wuchi, November 1905 (No. 283).
The Hainan specimens seem to agree with the Indian form rather than with
the Malayan and Philippine one. Their abdomen is rather wliiti-sh, the bill is very
wide, the females pale above.
170. Siphia pallidipes hainana Grant.
Siphia hainana Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 480 (Hainan).
8 5 (J, 10?? Mt. Wnchi, March, April, May 1903, November 1905 (Nos.
194, 229).
4 <?(?, 6 ? ? Cheteriang, January 1904 (Nos. 194, 229).
2 (J<J Lei Muimon, December 1902, January 1903 (Nos. 194, 229).
? No-Tai, September 1902 (Nog. 194, 229).
(S. pallidipes hainana is much more closely allied to S. pallii/ipes pallidipes
15
( 226 )
tluxii one might gather from Mr. Grant's description. It is hardly "much"
smaller, but only a little smaller : the mngn of onr ten fully adult males measure
68—72 mm. (= 2-7 — 2-84 in.) Mr. Grant, when giving the measurement of
" S. hainana " wing 2-65, measured mncb-worn examples ; he gives the wing
of 5. pallitlipes as 2-9 in. ; but it is sometimes only 2-8 in., so that S. p. hainana
is only on an average smaller. The differences in colour are very slight — in fact,
all I can ajipreciate is a slightly brighter and darker bine on the upper surface,
and a slightly darker and more brownish tinge on the abdomen. The females
differ more strikingly, and their differences are well stated by Mr. Grant. The
wings of onr females measure from 6:3 to 68 mm. Most of our specimens are in
fine fresh plumage.
{Siphia styani is not a Siphia at all, bnt a I [ijpothymis. See No. 169.)
171. Chaimarrornis faliginosa fuliginosa (Vig.).
Phnen'icurafuln/iivmi Vigors, P.Z.S. 18.30-31. p. 35 (Himalaya).
Xanthnpi/giiifuUgiiiosa Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 480.
Whitehead alone discovered this bird on Hainan, where it seems to breed on
tlie mouutaiuf, as he obtained young birds. Our collectors did not procure
specimens.
1 do not think that this bird has much to do with other species of the so-called
genus Xanthopi/gia. Generally it is now called Rhyacornis fuliginosa ; but I
cannot separate it from Chaimarrornis, Mr. Grant's C. bicolor from Luzon forming
an intermediate link between Chaimarrornis leucocephala and " Rhyacornis"
fuliginosa, though it resembles more the latter than the former, and should, if
the genera are separated, in my opinion be united with Rhyacornis.
172. Muscicapa cyanomelana Temm.
Musckapa cijaiwmelaiia Temminck, PI. Col. 470 (1828— Japan).
Xanthopyriia cyaiioinehieiia Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 480 (Haoauy, West Hainan, and Nao-chu
Island).
2 tJcJ, 1 ? Hoiliow, March, April 1002 (No. 17).
(J Utoshi, March llMi;} (No. 17).
$ Mt. Wuchi, November 1905 (No. 273).
This bird is evidently a winter visitor only to Hainan.
173. Muscicapa mugimaki Temui.
Muscicapa niiiiiiiiiuhi Temminck, PI. Cul. bll, 2 (1835— Jap.an) ; Hartert, Viig. Pal. Fmimi, i.
p. i')>.
Poliomi/ias hili'iila Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 480, et auctorum. Errore I
? Secha, 17. iv. 1902 (No. 15).
Swinhoe recorded this bird only from Nao-chn island. It is new to the island
of Hainan, where it is only a migrant.
174. Muscicapa narcissina narcissina Temm.
Xaiilliupi/ijla iiarels'iiiia Grant, P. Z. S. 19U0. p. 480.
3 (J (J, 2 Secha, March, April 1902 (No. 46).
S Hoihow, March 19it2 (No. 46).
Whitehead was the first discoverer of this species on Ilaiuan. It is a winter
visitor to the south of China and Hainan.
( 227 )
175. Muscicapa parva albicilla Pall.
Mtmieapa albicilla Grant, P. Z. 8. 19.10. p. 480 (North, Central, and West Hainan).
10 (J? Mt. Wiichi, October, Noveiulier lOon (No. 213).
2 ? 9 Clieteriiuig, January 11»U4 (No. 109).
Wintering on Hainan.
ITO. Muscicapa latirostris Raffl.
AfeeoHfjx laliroHri.^ Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 479 (North and S.W. Hainan).
$ Namro, March 1903 (No. 169).
3 (J? Lindon, March 1903 (No. 169).
3 <J(J Mt. Wuchi, April 1903, October 190.T (No. 169).
4 cJ? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 169).
Wintering only on Hainan.
177. Muscicapa sibirica sibirica Gm.
Hemichelidoti sibirica Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 479.
Recorded by Hartlaub t'rcnu Hoihow.
178. Muscicapa ferruginea (Hodgs.).
Heinichelidoiifemigiiieu!< Grant, P.Z.S. 1900. p. 479.
Obtained by Swinhoe on the west coast of Hainan, March ~9 and 30, 1868.
179. Pericrocotus griseigularis Gould.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 479.
Mr. Grant mentions a single male obtained by Whitehead, which, he says,
appears to belong to the typical form from Formosa. We did not receive specimens
from Hainan.
180. Pericrocotus speciosus fraterculus Swinh.
Pericrocnlnx fratercul us Swinhoe, Ibis 1870, p. 244 (Hainan).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 479.
Cf. Hartert, Noc. Zoo/. 1902. pp. 655, 55G.
15 cJ? Mt. Secha, March, April 1902 (No. 42).
181. Graucalus macei larvivorus snbspec. nov.
Graucalus macii Grant, P.Z. S. 1900. p. 478 (S.W. Hainan).
Graucalus rex-pineti Swinhoe, /J;s, 1870. p. 242 (Central Hainan).
<J? No-Tai, Septemlier 1902 (No. .51).
2 <J(J, 3 ? ? Secha, April 1902 (No 51;.
3 <J (J Lei Muimon, January 1903, December 1902 (No 51).
4 <J(J, 1 ? Mt. Wiichi, March and April 1903 (No. 51).
Hainan examples are closely allied to G. macei rex-yineli from Formosa ; bnt
they have shorter wings and comj)aratively larger bills. The wings of our examples
measure: cJ 166 — 173 (174—180 in Formosan S). Type S ad. Mt. Wuchi, 21. iii.
1903. The larger bill had already been noticed by Swinhoe (I.e.).
1 recognise the following subspecies of G. macei :
( 228 )
A. Graucaliis macei macei Less. : India.
(I have not sufficient material to discuss whether several forms might be
separable in ludia ; but I think that probably a South Indian and Ceylonese form
is separable, which would have to be called G. m. luijurdi.)
B. (iraucalus macei dobsoni Ball : Andaman Islands.
(Differs from G. m. macei in being much lighter throughout, and smuller.
I find that the white tips to the rectrices are generally very little less extended
than in G. m. macei, therefore Mr. Gates' key, B. Iiidiu, i. p. 40(5, is not very
useful. Dr. Sharpe places this "species" in another genus: Artamides ! A fine
examj)le of the uni)rofitable and unscientific genus-splitting rage as carried on
by some of our friends, but worst of all by Dr. Bianchi, who uses the Darwinian
theory as an excuse for his proceedings !)
C. Graucaliis viacei rex-pineti Swinh. : Formosa (and apparently parts of
Southern China).
Differs chiefly in having a black throat, and altogether more black around the
face.
Sharpe and Gates separated this form on account of its having bnif under
wing-coverts and axillaries ; but this is a mistake, as they are pure white, more or
less barred with dark grey.
D. Graucahis macei larvivorus Hart. : Hainan. (See above.)
182. Campephaga lugubris saturata (Swinh.).
Vohochora saturata Swinhoe, JbU 1870. p. 24'2 (Hainan).
Campnphaga saturata Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 478 (throughout Hainan).
12 <J? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 112).
2 (J<J, 1 ? Lei Muimon, December 1902, January 1903 (No. 112).
Whitehead obtained it on the Five-Finger Mountains.
183. Chloropsis hardwickii lazulina (Swinh.).
PhijUoruh hizuliiia Swinhoe, Ibis 1870. p. 255.
Chloropsis hizuUiia Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 478.
3 (J<J, 5 ? ? Lei Muimon, December 1902, January 1903 (No. 96).
4 <J(J, 1 ? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 96).
(J Mt. Wuchi, April 19(J3 (No. 90>
The male differs from that of C. h. hardioickii in having the top of the head
greyish or blnisli green instead of yellowish green ; the throat is much more blue,
not 80 blackish, and the bine on the shoulder is deep violet purple instead of cobalt
blue. The female differs in having the head greyish green, especially on the sides,
instead of green, and in having no orange colour on the abdomen, this being uniform
green, including the under tail-coverts.
184. Criniger pallidus Swinh.
Criniger imUkUis Swinhoe, His 1870. p. 252 ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 478.
Pinarociclila scltmackeri Styan, Bull. B. 0. Club i. p. vi. (1892— Hainan).
A large series from No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 94).
Mr. Whitehead obtained this bird on the Five-Finger Mountains.
( 229 )
185. Hypsipetos perniger Swiuh.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 478.
A large serie.s of males and females from Mt. Secha, March — April 1902
(No. 43).
This entirely black form must snrely be the representative of H. nigerrimus
from Formosa, which, however, is probably only the representative of the Indian
jisaroides and coiicolor ! I am therefore not yet employing trinomials for this
bird, leaving that to be decided upon after a thorongh investigation of the group — ■
as in many other cases.
A number of nests were found between May 1.5 and 29, 1902. They stood at a
height of from tea to twenty feet in bushes and trees, and contained four, some-
times only three, eggs. The latter are typical " Boulboul " eggs, i.e. creamy white
or pale ])ink, more or less thickly covered with dark rufous brown or lighter
brownish red patches and spots, and with underlying pale purplish grey markings.
They measure from 25-5 x 20, 25-5 x 18-6 and 2(j-6 x 18-5 to 28 x 20 and
28-2 x 19-5 mm.
{Spizixtis cinereicapillus has been recorded by Hartlanb — Ahh. Sat. Ver.
Bremen xii. pp. 399, 308 — but it is not very credible that this Formosan form
has strayed to Hainan. One might e.\])ect the continental S. setnitorijuatus
exceptionally to stray down to Hainan, rather than the Formosan form to lose
its way so far westwards. Possibly there is an error about the label.)
186. Hemixus castanonotus castanonotas Swiuh.
HemixuH caslanoiiotus Svfinhoe, Ibis 1870. p. 251 (Hainan).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 477 (Central, S.W. Hainan, Five-Finger Mts.).
11 <J? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 108).
4 (J? Lei Muimon, .January 1903 (No. 108).
This form has so far only been found on Hainan. Sharpe's statement in the
Hand-list (iii. p. 312) appears to be erroneous. The continental representative is
H. castanonotus canipennis Seebohm (P. Z. S. 1890. p. 342. pi. xxvii. 1).
See Grant's note {I.e.).
187. Pycnonotus sinensis hainanus (Swinh.).
Ixita hainanus Swinhoe, Ibis 1870. p. 25.3 (Hainan and Nan-chau Is.).
Pi/aioiiutus hainanus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 477 (Fivc-Finger Mts.).
A large series from Kiungchau, February 1902 (No. 6).
This form is a subspecies of F. sinensis sinensis, from which it differs in
having the top of the head entirely black without a white postocular stripe and
nape.
I take this opportunity to describe the Formosan form of P. .sinensis, which
has hitherto been confounded with the typical P. s. sinensis. It differs from the
latter iu being much whiter underneath, the yellow lines being fainter and fewer,
and the breast-band is darker and more pronounced. Moreover, the back is slightly
more greyisli, and the wings do not reach the length which they frequently show in
P. s. sinensis. Wings 84 — 90, while in /'. s. sinensis they are often over 90 — viz.
93 — 94 mm. I name this hitherto overlooked form :
( 230 )
Pycnonotus stnerisis /ormosae subspec. no v.
Type: 6 ad. Taipili, Formosa, October 180fi (No. 31). Obtained by one of
Mr. Alan Osvston's .l.ipariese collectors.
We have received nearly fifty specimens from Taijiih and Tapposha, Formosa,
but it is evidently not fonnd on the higher mountains.
Of P. sinensis //fdiiaiDis our collectors sent ns eight clutches of eggs. The
nests were found aliout ten to twenty feet above the ground in bushes and trees,
and from the 2X.'nd to the ;,'8th of May they contained from two to four eggs. Fonr
eggs is apparently the full clutch. They measure from 'M x 15 to 21 x IGl,
223 X 16 and 22 x 16-9 mm.
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant has recently received a sjiecirnen of /'. siiii'ihvs siiirnsis from
Hainan. Perhaps it has strayed there accidentally or esca[ied from captivity.
188. Herporuis xantholeuca tyrannulus Swinh.
nerpnriiis li/raiuiiihis Swinhoe, Jbis ItiTO. p. 347. pi. .\. ; tirant, P. Z. S. I'.IOO. p. 477.
0 (J? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 59).
2 cJ? Secha, April— May 1902 (No. 59).
There are three closely allied subspecies of this bird :
B. X. xantholeuca : E. Himalayas, N.E. Bengal, Burmese countries to Tenas-
serim and Malayan Peninsula.
//. u\ bn/nnesccns : Borneo.
H. X. tyrannulus : Hainan and Formosa.
//. X. bnainescens differs from fJ. xantlioleufa xantholeuca in being much more
brownish olive above, esjiecially on the head. II. x. tijrannidus is very closely allied
to H. x. xantholeuca,, only differing in its being whiter underneath, especially the
throat, and in having the ear-coverts of a clearer grey. There is no ajipreciable
difference in size. Malaccan examples of //. x. xantholeuca have perliai)s a slightly
more brownish tinge on the ear-coverts. Above they agree entirely with Indian
specimens.
Clutches of five eggs said to belong to this bird were found in nests on the
ground from May 20 to 28, 1902. The eggs are of a glossless white. Measurements
from 13-7 x 11-0 and 14-5 x 114 to 151 x lO-T, 15-5 x 108 and l(i-7 x 10-7 mm.
189. Turdinulus roberti hainanus subsp. nov.
3 cJc?, ? Mt. Wuchi, March, April 19U3 (No. 171).
" Iris walnut-brown ; bill slate-black ; legs and toes drab-grey " (Katsumata).
Evidently a form of T. roberti roberti from Assam, Cachar and Manipur, from
which it differs as follows :
The lower throat lacks the very consjiicuous blackish triangular spots, the throat
being white or with a few dark brown longitudinal marks, and the lower portion
dull brown with whitish edges to the feathers. The back, wings and rump are of a
brighter brown, the whitish shiifts are more distinctly indicated ; the feathers of
the pileum have much more distinct blackish margins. The ear-coverts are of a
duller colour, and the rufous line separating them from the throat is absent.
Moreover, the bird is smaller: wing 51 — 52.5, culmen 14 — 15, tarsus 21 — 21'0 mm.
(Wings of T. r. roberti 53 — 50 ; culmen in old males 16 — 175 mm.)
Type : 6 Mt. Wuchi, 25. iv. 1903.
( 231 )
190. Stachyris guttata swinhoei Rothsch.
Stachyrii guttata sv;inhoe.i Rothschild, Bull. B. 0. C. xiv. p. 8 (October 1903, Hainan).
9 tJ ? Mt. Wuchi, March, May 1903, November 1905 (No. 187).
5 <?c? Cheteriang, .January 1904 (No. 1S7).
This siibspecios differs from Sf. //////afc qutlata from Tenasserim by having the
crown and back less rnfous and di.stinctly tinged with olive ; upper tail-coverts
and tail darker chestnut ; outer aspect of wings, especially the inner secondaries,
deeper chestnut, less rufous ; ear-coverts dark slate-colour with no rufous or olive
tinge. It is also a smaller bird : wing, ? 04, $ 06 — 68 mm., bill 2 — 3 mm. shorter.
191. Proparus brunnea argutus subspec nov.
12 (? ? Mt. Wnchi, March, April 19(i3 (No. 170).
1 i$ Cheteriang, January 1'.I04 (No. 17(1).
Differs from P. b. superciliaris, to which it is very closely allied, in having the
lores and ear-coverts slightly lighter, and the beak averages somewhat slenderer;
moreover, the under wing-coverts and inner lining of the quills are less greyish and
more buff. The wings of our 11 males measure 5s — 61, those of our 3 females
55 5 — 57 mm.
Type: 6 Mt. Wuchi, 25 iii. 1903, Katsumata coll.
The Formosan P. brunnea brunnea differs strikingly by its dark nuder-surtace
and somberer brown npperside, wings and tail.
Propama genistieri, mandellii, dubius, and intermedius differ by the black and
white double eyebrow, which is black and grey in the brunnea group. It is difficult
to say at present whether dubius, genistieri, etc, are geographical representatives
of the brunnea group or not.
192. Proparus nipalensis rufescentior subsp. nov.
Alcippe morrisoniana Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 477 (Five-Finger Mts. by Whitehead ; interior of
S.W. Hainan according to Styan and Hartlaub).
2 (J<J Lei Maimon, December 1902, January 1903 (No. 103).
2 V ? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 103).
11 cJ? Mt. Wuchi, March, April 1903 (No. 103).
Differs at a glance from P. n. morrisoniana of Formosa by the more rufescent
colour of the back, tail, and outer aspect of the wings ; and the white ring round the
eyes is not so well developed, and especially almost invisible above the eye, where
it is quite distinct in P. n. morrisoniana. Wing in the males 58—61, in the
females 57—00, once 61 (if correctly "se.xed"), while in P. n. morrisoniana the wings
frequently run up to 64 mm. On the other hand the bill is, if anything, larger in
P. n. rujesceniior. The under wing-coverts are also, as a rule, more whitish in
P. n. rufescentior.
Type : No. 103a, 6 ad. Mt. Wuchi, 28. iii. 1903 (Katsumata coll.).
I cannot accept the splitting of the genera Proparus (a name first given iu
1841, not 1844), Alcippe, and Sc/ioeniparus. The separation of these three supposed
genera appears to me to be quite arbitrary, and adds to the difficulty of their study,
instead of advancing onr knowledge one iota.
1 believe that I am right in looking upon Proparus morrisoniana and rufescen-
tior as subspecies of the nipalensis group, but the occurrence of phayrei and
nipalensis in ihe mountain ranges south of the Brahmaputra is to be considered !
( 232 )
193. Stachyridopsis ruficeps goodsoni Rothsch.
Slachyridopsis ruficeps goodsoni Rothschild, Bull. B. 0. C. xiv. p. 8 (October I'JOS, Hainany
Stachyrklopsis ritfieepi Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 476. (First time found on Hainan.)
13 (J? , Mt. AVuchi, Marcb, April 1903 (No. 172).
1 (J, Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 172).
Differs from all known races of .S'. rii/fceps b)- its brighter uniform cliestnut-red
crown, more greenish baclv, and brighter 3'ellow tliroat. For other races of nijici'ps
see Bull. B. 0. C. xiv. p. 8.
A male from N.W. Fokiea and a male from Foochow agree best with
Formosan birds, S. r. praecocjnittis, bat they are more olive above and below, the
head is not of snch a deep chestnut, and the bill is smaller.
In the Bull. B. 0. C. xiv. p. 8 Mr. Rothschild mentioned four subspecies of
St. ruficeps : viz., S. ntficeps rvjkeps from the Himalayas, S. r. rufifrons from
Assam, Burma, etc., S. r. praccognitus from Formosa, and S. r. poodsoni from
Hainan.
In the I/jis, 1007, p. 183, Messrs. Ogilvie, (irant, and La 'louche again reviewed
these forms, adding " S. sinensis " from " (Miina," without, unfortunately, explaining
how it differs from iS. davidi Oust., described from Szetschwan, which they ignored,
and without stating the exact locality of their type.
In the Ann. and May. S. II., ser. 8. ii., Sept. 1908, and Journ. Bomhaij N. H.
Soc. xix. p. 116 (1009), Major Harington described another form under the name
of Stacki/ridopsis bhamoensis, saying that it differs from S. sinensis by its much
larger and more massive bill, by having faint black shaft-streaks to the forehead
and not such a yellow throat. I have examined three of Major Harington's cotypes,
and tind that it appears to differ, as stated, but the examples being in very worn
plumage, a comparison of fresh material is desirable.
194. Pomatorhinus tickelli hainanus Rothsch.
Poiimlurhinus tickelli hainanus Rothschild, Bull. B. 0. C. xiv. p. 9 (Oct. 1903).
4 (J?, No-Tai, September 1002 (No. 00).
4 (??, Lei Muimon, December 1902— January 10o3.
7 <??, Mt. Wuchi, March 1903.
Differs from P. ticfidli tirkdli in its smaller size, less rufous and more olive-
brown upper surface and flanks, grey thighs, shorter and more blackish bill.
Wing 97 — 101, tail 9.5 — 97, bill from base 3.5 — -41, metatarsus 37 — 38 mm. Colour
of bill dark mouse-grey, not jiale brownish, as in P. t. tickelli.
No form of/', tichelli bad previously been recorded from the island of Hainan.
195. Pomatorhinus nigrostellatus Swinh.
Pontatorhinun niijroddlaUu Swinhoe, /6/s 1870. p. L'.ji) (Hainan) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 476.
8 <J ?, No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 109).
6 (J$, Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 109).
This form is restricted to Hainan. It is nearest allied to /'. stridulus, and can
only be a subspecies of the latter. I have not, however, used a trinomial name for
it, as I am uncertain about these forms. Not only it is dillicult to limit P. nifr:ollis
and stijani, but it wnuld seem that even stridulus occurs in })laces from which styani
is recorded. Although I am inclined to Uiink that not only sti/ani but also
( 233 )
nigrostellattis, stridulus and others are .subspecies of nifaolUs, I refrain at present
from a definite conclusion (cf. Grant, Ibis, lOOiJ. p. 590, Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna,
i. pp. 639, 640).
196. Dryonastes monachus Swinh.
Dryoitasles immtchus Swinhoe, Ibis 1870, p. 248 (Hainan) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 476.
9 ^?, Secha, April, May 1902 (No. 63).
6 (??, No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 63).
This form is restricted to Hainan, where it has been met in the interior, on the
Five-Finger Mountains, and iu the south-west.
Clutches of greenish blue eggs were found during the latter half of May.
197. Dryonastes castanotis Grant.
Dryonastes castanotis Grant, Ibis 1899. p. .'■)84 (Hainan) ; /'. Z. S. 1900. p. 475.
15 cJ?,Mt. Wuchi, March, April, 1903 (No. 181).
A fine series of this species, which has a large chestnut patch on the cheeks
like D. rulicollis, to which it is nearly allied, but differing at a glance by the
absence of chestnut on the abdomen and under tail-coverts. It is also a much
larger bird.
198. Garrulax moniliger schmackeri Hartl.
Garnilax sehmackeri Hartlaub, Abh. Nat. Vei: Brem. -x-iv. p. 349 (1898— Hainan) ; Grant, P. Z. S.
1900. p. 475.
2 (JcJ No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 106).
? Lei Mniraon, January 1903 (No. 106).
10 <J?, Mt. Wuchi, March, April 1903 (No. 106).
This subspecies ditfers from G. moniliycr moniliger in a similar manner as does
semitorquata from puctoralis. The tail has buff tips instead of white, and the outer
webs of the outer primaries are olive brown instead of hoary grey. The buff colour
on the foreneck is less bright, and the rnfous collar on the nape is generally darker.
199. Garrulax pectoralis semitorquata Grant.
Garrulax semiturqitala Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 475 (Hainan, Five-Finger Mts.).
A large series collected in March and April on Mt. Wuchi (No. 910).
The chief characters for distinguishing this form are the buff tips to the tail-
feathers, and the brownish buff outer webs of the outer riuills, the latter character
being the same in G. p. picticoUis, which, however, has a grey, instead of black
patch on the sides of the neck. The breast-baud varies in an interesting manner
in these forms : In G. p. pectoralis it is always united (complete) ; in G. p. semi-
torqtuttn it apfiears to be always more or less distinctly divided (interrnpted in the
middle), though this is not well to be seen in some worn examples ; and in G. p.
picticoUis the breast-band is complete in the males, interrupted in the females !
200. Trochalopteron canorum owstoni Uothsch.
Trochalopteraii ranurum owstoni Rothschild, Bull. B. 0. C. xiv. p. 8 (October lOOii).
Trochulnjileron ranoriim Grant, P. Z. S. 190(1. p. 475 (Interior of Hainan).
1 cJ Utoshi, March 1903 (No. 53).
1 <J (Iheteriaug, December 1903 (No. 53).
2 6S Secha, April 1902 (No. 53).
( 234 )
6 (?<?, 1 ? Mt. Wuchi, April— May 1903 (No. 53).
1 (J, 3 ? ? S. Hainan, December 1903 (No. 53).
1 without e.Kact lociilit}' ; has oue of the rectrices white.
Differs from T. c. runornm in having a much more olive npperside, and the ear-
coverts darker. It is like 7". r. canorum on the underside, but in the coloration of
the uppersidc points towards 7'. c. taivinu//i from Formosa.
2n|, Enicurus sinensis Gould.
Grant, P Z. .f. 1000, p. 474. (Recorded for tho first time from Hainan, from a specimen collected
by Whitehead)
5 <J ? Mt. Wnchi, March— May 1903 (No. 176).
10 <? ? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 17(5).
There are no differences between birds from Hainan and China.
202. Kittacincla macrurus minor Swinh.
CittocitKla macrura var. minor Swinhoe Ibis 1870. p. ,344 (H.iinan).
Citlocincla brericauda Grant, Ibis 1890. p. 584 (Hainan).
Cittncincla minor Grant, P.Z.S. 1000. p. 474 (Hainan).
Kittacincla macrurus minor Hartert, Nor. Zonl. 1002. p. 572 (Hainan).
7 (?<?, 2 ? ? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. lOo).
2 <?<?, 2 ? ? Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 105).
1 J Namro, March 1903 (No. 105).
A fine series of the Hainan race of A', macrurus.
203. Copsychus saularis (saularis ?) (L.).
Gracida sanlaris Linnaeus, Syst. yai. ed. x. p. 100 (1758 — " Habitat in Asia." Ex Edwards, Raius,
Albin. As original locality should be accepted Bengal, ex Edwards).
Copsychus saularis Grant, P. Z. S. 190O. p. 474.
A series from Kinngchau, February and March 19ii2 (No. 3).
The geographical variation of i\ saularis is most interesting, but not very clearly
defined, and therefore not quite easy to understand. Unfortunately Mr. Gates,
when writing the Birds of India, vol. ii., did not make use of the splendid
opportunity of working it out cleanly with the help of the fine series in the British
Museum. This miglit be forgiven, because the geographical forms have not
been closely studied in that work, except when they were very conspicuous, bat in
a special review of Indian Birds the supposed synonyms referring to Indian races
should have been quoted. This, however, has been omitted in the case of Copsychus
saularis and several others.
In India the under wing-coverts and axillaries are white, the females pale on
the uj)per surface. In South India the females are said to be darker, as a rule,
while in Ceylon they seem to be invariably darker.
In the Andamans the under wing-coverts have black centres, and the females
have a darker back. Moreover these birds are rather smaller than Indian ones.
The flanks (of the males at least) are washed with rusty brown.
In Southern Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula the under wing-coverts and
axillaries arc dark in the middle, and the females are dark above. The Malaccan
race seems to be the same as the Sumatran one — i.e. musicus.
In Java and Borneo we are confronted with a remarkable fact: many specimens
are entirely black on the under-surface, or show only a few white feathers on the
vent, while other sj)ecimens have the whole abdomen white, like Indian, Ceylonese,
( 235 )
Malaccan, and Snmatran specimens; others ao;ain are intermediate. The under
wing-coverts and axillaries (of the males) are blacker ; they are black with white
borders, not white with black centres, as in Sumatra and Malacca. This difficulty
is easily met by calling the lilack-bcllied specimens C. amof.nus, and denouncing
the intermediate examples as hybrids between C. amoenus and C. saularis
musicus. I do not think, however, that this solution is a scientific one, unless we
have proofs that the supposed hybrids are the result of interbreeding, and that
C. saularis musicus and C. amoenus are otherwise entirely different species. 1
consider that in Java one race lives, in which the abdomen varies from black to
white, and this race must be calli'd (imnenus. If this view is not taken, a new
name must be invented for the males with white abdomen, as their under wing-
coverts and axillaries are much more black than in Snmatran musicus. From
Bali I know hitherto oidy the typical amoenus with black abdomen, but only a
few specimens from that island have reached Europe so far. Here is an interesting
field for collecting by residents in Java. Another question is, if the form with
white abdomen and the one with black underside inhabit different parts of Java,
but I don't think this will be found to bo the case, as in Borneo they appear to
occur together.
The Chinese birds, and those from Hainan, have white under wing-coverts
and axillaries, and appear to be inseparable from the true saularis from India.
It is true that the bills of our Hainan specimens are sometimes very large — in fact
many are inclined to be larger ; but similarly large bills occur in India, and some
Hainan specimens have quite small beaks. I cannot, therefore, attempt to separate
the Hainan form, although some of the specimens have rather larger bills.
I can thus admit at present :
1. Copsychus saularis saularis (L.)— India to China and Hainan.
2. C. saularis ceylonensis Scl. — Ceylon, and, apparently, S. India.
3. C. saularis andamanensis Hume. — Andamans.
4. ('. saularis musicus Raffl. — Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.
5. C. saularis amoenus Horsf. — Java, Borneo, Bali.
Besides these a form with black outer rectrices has been described from
Borneo. I am inclined to think it may be only an abberration of C. s. amoenus.
Between C. saularis saularis and C. s. musicus intermediates are found in
Tenasserira and the Malay Peninsula; between C. saularis saularis and C. s. cey-
lonensis intermediates are said to occur in South India. About G. s. amoenus
see above. C. saularis mindanensis from the Philippine Islands is always sharply
separated by its entirely black tail, and C. seijchellarum is a perfectly distinct
species, and so are " Germisia " alhospecularis and pica from Madagascar, though
I do not see why they should be placed into a separate genus. In fact Copsychus
seychellarum might just as well be separated generically. I am not acquainted
with (\ inexpectatus Richmond from Madagascar, which is of course a " Germisia."
204. Pratincola torquata stejnegeri Parrot.
Prntimnia mnum (non Pallas !) Grant, /'. Z. .S. I'JUU. p. 474.
Praliiirola lorqimUi stejnegeri Parrot, Verb. Orii. Ges. Baijcni vii. p. 124 (1908— North Japau) ;
Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna i. p. 708.
A large series of males and females from Kiungchau (February and March
1902), Hoihow and Lei Muimon (January l'J03), and Utoshi (March 1903)
(No. 11).
( 236 )
2U5. Tarsiger cyanurus (Pall.).
Apjiarently not found on Hainan before.
3 ? ? Hoihow and Lei Muimon, January— February 1003 (No. 136).
2i)(i. Luscinia calliope (Pall.).
Erithoi'us callinpe Grant, P. Z. fi. lOOO. p. 473 (X. and .S.W. Hainan).
4 <?(? Hoihow, March 1002, January— February 1903 (No. 39).
1 ? Mt. Wucbi, Central Hainan, 12. xi. 1906 (No. B 39).
207. Luscinia sibilans (Swinb.).
Larvirora sibilnns Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1HG3. p. 29l' (near Canton).
Erithaciis sibilnns Grant, P. Z. 8. 1900. p. 474 (North Hainan, teste Hartlaub).
1 (J Liudon, 12. iii. 1903 (No. 195).
1 (unsexed) S. Hainan, 26. xii. 1903 (No. 105).
2118. Phoenicurus aurorea aurorea (Pall.).
Muticilla auroi-fu Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 473 (Kiung-chu, February, teste Swinhoe).
(? Taibiashi, March 1903 (No. 140).
6 Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 14n).
209. Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris (Vieill.).
Rutifilla riifieentris Grant, P. Z. S. p. 473.
Phoenictn-us ochrurns riijiiviitris Hartert, \'og.pal. Fauna i. p. 723.
Has been obtained on Hainan, according to Hartlaub. The occurrence is
certainly very uuu.sual.
210. Monticola solitarius philippensis (P. L. S. Miill.).
Montlcola solitarius (non Linnaeus ! ) Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 473.
Monticola solitarius ijhilijipeiisin Hartert, \'ug, pal. Fauna i. p. 675.
A large series from Hoihow and Kinngchan, January, February and March
1902 (No. 9).
All except one of these specimens are typical ^' p/iil///jjei/sis" with chestnut-red
abdomen. One <J, however, shot on March 11, 19U2, has the under-surface blue
with only a few rufous spots on the abdomen and rufous under tail-coverts. It is
impossible to say if this specimen is a hybrid between 3f. s. paiuloo (cf. Hartert,
Vog. Pal. Fauna i. p. 673) and M. .s. pkiliijpi'ii.tis, or a variety of either. As
Hartlaub mentions both "solitarius" and " ojanus" he clearly also received
specimens with bine abdomen.
211. Turdus citrinus aurimacula sulisjiec. nov.
Geocichla citrina (non Turdus citrinus Lath.) Grant, /'. Z. S. 190(1 p. 473.
(Observed only by Swinhoe; an immature mule obtained by Whitehead.)
1 6 Hoihow, March 10(13 (No. 40).
1 <J Liudon, March 10(13 (No. 40).
1 ? Lei Muimon, January 19o3 (No. 40).
1 •! Cheteriaug, January 1900 (No. 40).
1 ? Mt. Wnchi, November 1905 (No. 40).
( 237 )
1 <J Mt. ■\\'uchi, April 1900 (No. 4(1).
5 (J (J Mt. Wuchi, November 19UG (No. B 40).
The male of this ver}' distinct new form differs from that of Tardus citriitiis
citriiiKs in having the head of a darker orange-chestnut, and the ear-coverts hlaekish
brown divided in the centre by a pule orange band. Tlie female differs from the
female of c/'irimts in being mnch ]ialer orange below, and the ear-coverts are marked
as in the male, bnt still more blackish. The size is also mnch less : wings of males
109—113, instead of 116— 12r) mm.
Type: <S Hoihow, 13. iii. 1U02.
2r2. Turdus chrysolaus Temm.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 472.
Obtained by Swinhoe on the Ohinlan Hiver.
213. Turdus cardis Temm.
Grant, P. Z. S. lildO. p. 472.
4 cJ(J, 3 ? ? Hoihow, Febrnary— March 1902 (No. 10).
1 cJ, 2 ? ? Kinngchan, February— March 1902 (No. 10).
1 <J Namro, March 1903 (No. 10).
214. Turdus philomelos Brehm.
Turdus musieiix Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 472 et auctorum ! (cf. Hartert, Vof/. pal. Fauna i. p. G50).
Hartlaub recorded a male of the song-thrnsh from Hainan, but possibly
in error.
215. Turdus merula mandarinus Bp.
Tunlux mamlarhms Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 472.
4 (J? Hoihow, November 1902, February 1903 (No. 129).
2 ?? Lei Muimon, December 1902 (No. 129).
1 <J, 2 ? $ Mt. Wuchi, March 1903 (No. 129).
1 ? Namro, March 1903 (No. 129).
2 (J (J, 1 ? Liudon, March 1903 (No. 129).
2 <?(? Utoshi, March 1903.
210. Graminicola striata Styan.
JrammU-nla slriala Styan, Bull. B. 0. C. vol. i. p. vi (1892) ; Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 472.
The collection contains no specimen of this species. Messrs. Styan and Hartlaub
record it from Lei Muimon and Leimoi, and Whitehead obtained it on the Five-
Finger Mountains. It is unknown to me.
217. Cisticola cisticola tintinnabulans (Swinh.).
Calamanthella tintinnabulans Swinhoe, Juurn. .4s. Sue, North China Branch ii. 1869 (cf. Ihis 1800
pp. 51, 131).
C'Mmla cMi,-nla Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 472.
Cisticola cisticula tintinnabulans Hartert, Viig. Pal. Fauna i. p. 013.
<J? Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 142).
2 (JcJ Liudon, March 1903 (No. 142).
3 ? Taibinshi, March 1903 (No. 142).
( 238 )
218. Sutoria sutoria (Forst.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 471.
Recorded from North Hainan by Harthuil). \Sq did mit receive any
specimens.
219. Prinia sonitans Swiuh.
Prima mnilans Swinhoe, Zmihujist 1858. p. li'2"_'9.
Burne.iia suiiitaiiH Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 471.
(J Linden, March 19u3 (No. 107).
2 cJ(J Namro, March 1003 (No. lOT).
7 <J$ Ml. WncUi, April, May 1903 (No. 167).
A yonng male from Mt. Wuchi (25. v. 1903) has the bill — which is entirely
black iu adult males and females — light brown, darker above, and the upper
surface of a uniform brown, with a slight green tinge, the wings widely edged
with rnfescent.
Nests were found by the end of May among the grass, one to three feet from
the ground, and containing two to five eggs. The eggs are jiale greenish blue,
sometimes almost whitish, and beautifully marked with deep purplish brown
patches and spots, and sometimes hairlines of the same colour, and with underlying
patches of pale rufous or greyish purple. They are e.xactly like the well-known
eggs of the Indian Prinia inornata, and of the same dimensions, or partly a little
smaller.
220. Prinia inornata extensicauda Swinh.
(An subspecies nova ?)
Grant,/'. Z. S. 1900. p. 471.
? Taibiushi, 16. iv. 1903 (No. 167).
This sjjecimen agrees in coloration with extensicauihi, having the ear-coverfs
fulvous, head brown, and a subterminal bar on some of the tail feathers. The
bill is also reddish, not black as in sonitans. It has, however, a much shorter
wing, of 44 5 mm. — i.e. about as short as in sonitans.
221. Horeites cantans canturians (Swiuh.).
Arund'mnx canliirluns (.sic !) Swinhoe, Ibis ISGO. p. 02 (Amoy and Shanghai).
Cetlia mimila Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 471, No. 51.
Cettia canturians Grant, t.c. p. 471, No. b'2.
Uoreites cuiilmis canturians Hartert, Viig. Pal. Fauna, p. 532.
10 (J (J, 11 ? $ Hoihow, January, February, March 1903 (Nos. 22, 29).
f) (?<J, 1 $ Kiungchau, February and March 1902 (Nos. 22, 29).
It is now well known that tlie small specimens are the females, the large
ones the males, and that canturians and minutus are therefore one and the
same bird.
222. Urosphena squamicepa (Swinh.).
Tribura equamiceps Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1863. p. '292 (Canton).
L'rosjJiemi squamiceps Hartert, Viig. pal. Fauna i. p. 539.
? Liudon, March 1903 (No. 200).
(J Mt. AVuchi, November 1905 (No. 200).
Not previously recorded from Hainan.
( 239 )
223. Locustella lanceolata (Teram.).
Sylvia lancenlula Temminck, Man. d'Orii. iv. p. 614 (1840 — locality erroneous !)
Locustella lanrenhita Hartert, Vug. pal. Famui i. p. 553.
1 <? Mt. Wuchi, 27. iii. 1903 (No. 199).
New to the list of Hainan bird.s.
224. Phylloscopus fuscata fuscata (Blyth).
Phyllopneuste fuscata Blyth, Joiirn. Ak. Soc. Bengal, xi. p. 113 (1842 — Calcutta).
I/usc'miola fuHvala Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 471.
15 cJ9 Hoihow, Janaary and Febrnary 1003.— Migrant !
225. Phylloscopus fuscata homey eri (Dyb.).
Phyllopimiste Homeyeri Dybowski, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883. p. 358 (Kamtschatka).
One male, Hoihow, 27. i. 1903, is considerably darker on the npperside and
less creamy, more white and brown below, than any of onr large series of P. fuscata,
and it agrees in this respect with fonr skins obtained by Mr. H. Stevens in North
Lakhimpur, Upper Assam, in May and April 1907, althongh the latter are still
more greyish on the chest than our e.xample ; but the difference is trifling, and
it must be remembered that our Hainan specimen is in its autumn plumage, Iteing
shot in January, while the latter have passed through their spring moult, being
shot in April and May.
These birds form a well-marked race, and I have little doubt that they belong
to Plu/lloscopus fuscata homeyeri which inhabits Kamchatka. The description
of the latter (cf Pleske, Ondthogr. liossiea, p. 409) agrees very well with our
birds, except that the beaks of our birds are not weaker and narrower than those
of typical fuscata. Hitherto the two type specimens of homeyeri are all that
are known, but it is not astonisliing that this bird should turn up in various places,
for it must leave Kamchatka in winter and migrate soutliwards. An actual
comparison of the types of P. homeyeri is desirable. — Migrant.
226. Phylloscopus nitidus plumbeitarsus Swinh.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 470.
5 <J? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 89).
<J Lei Muimon, December 1902 (No. 32).
9 (J? Mt. Wuchi, October, November 1905 (No. 164).
Migrant.
227. Phylloscopus superciliosa superciliosa ((im.).
Phylloscopus superciliosus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 470.
3 <Jo lloihow, January, February, March 1902-3 (No. 32).
9 No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 32).
5 (J o Lei Muimon, December 1902, January 1903 (No. 32).
3 cJ(J Liudon, March 1903 (No. 32).
2 (J (J Kiuugchau, February 1902 (No. 32).
Migrant.
(240)
2i!S. Phylloscopus tenellipes Swinh.
Phyllnncopus tenellipes Swinhoe, llih ii. p. 53 (iSliO — Ainoy) ; Hartert, Vwj. I'al. Fauna i. p. OIJ.
<? Mt. Wnohi, 1."). xi. I '.hi.-) TNn. 104).
Tliis sj)ei-iiiien is the first obtained on Hainan.
229. Phylloscopus goodsoni spec. nov.
" S " Sonth Hainan, December 22, 1903 (No. 104).
(J Lei Mnimon, 12. i. 1903 (No. 1(54). —Typo.
This new form stands between P. trochiloides and P. ricltetti, a species with
bright yellow underside, which has erroneously been described as a Cri/ptolopha.
Its nnder-surface, instead of being bright yellow as in ficketti, or whitish with a
greyish tinge and pale yellow edges to the feathers, is sulphur-yellow, tinged
with olive-greenish along the sides, and indistinctly striated with pale grey.
Upperside as in P. trochiloides, while in P. ricketti the two lateral broad lines on
the crown are of a deeper black. Wing of the bird from Lei Mnimon 59 mm.,
that of the one from South Hainan only 54 mm., from which I eonclnde that the
latter is wrongly " se.xed."
I have named this bird after Mr. Arthur Goodson, who has taken mnch
interest in the Hainan birds and greatly assisted me in this account, belated as it
appears owing to pressure of other work.
I should not have hesitated to come to the conchision, that Phi/Uoscopus
trochiloidi'x and ricketti, connected as they are by this intermediate goodsoni, form
various geographical races of one species, but, according to the statements of
Mr. La Tonche, both Plii/Uoscopiis trochiloides, and, as he calls it, " Criiptolopha
ricketti," breed in the same districts of Fokien (cf. Ibis, 1899, pp. 209 and 425).
Therefore — though I almost suspect there is a mistake about this — I cannot at
j)resent follow my wicked inclination to reduce these forms to subspecies, and 1
cannot say whether goodsoni should be a representative of trochiloides or of ric/cetti,
as it stands right in the middle.
230. Artamus fuscus Vieill.
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 470.
14 <J? Utoshi, March 1903 (No. 148).
1 Mt. Wuchi, April 1904 (No. 148).
All the specimens appear to be somewhat dark, especially on the throat and
back, but as they are in more or less worn plumage, too much importance cannot be
l)lace(l on the differences in colour. The beaks are also large, bnt some Indian
specimens have bills as large. A separation, at the present moment, therefore
seems too hazardous.
231. Tephrodornis pelvica hainanus Grant.
Tephrodoriiis pehlca Grant, P. Z. .S. I'JOO. p. 47U.
Tephrodomis hainanus Grant, Abstract Proc. Zoul. Sue. No. 81. p. 18 (March 1910— Hainan).
2 <?<?, 3 ? ? Secha, April and May 1902 (No. 57).
5 (J (J, 2 ? ? No-Tai, .September and October 11102 (No. 57).
Much darker than T. pelfica pelcica from India. The grey of the crown in
the males is darker and more ashy ; the back more rufous brown, without the
ashy grey tinge of 7'. p. pelvica. Rectrices and wings of a warmer brown, the
edges more rufous. Underside as in 7'. p. pelvica.
(241 )
"Wliiteheafl obtained a very worn sppcimnn in the Fivc-Finger Mnimtiiins on
April 17. Onr skins from Seeha are equally worn, while the antuiun sjieeimens
are in splendid fresh plnmage, mostly still moulting.
Two nests were found on May IS and 23, twenty feet above the ground, containing
four and five eggs. The eggs look exaotly like some eggs of the Grey Desert
Shrike, Lajiius e.vciihitor degans, found by Mr. Rothschild and myself iu the Saliara.
They are white, faintly tinged with an apology of green, with ])ale brown and vory
pale lilac-grey underlying spots. Measurements; 24 x 19,23-6 x 19'2, 24-1 x 1!),
23-2 X 18-5, and 242 x 18-5, 25 x 19-5, 24-9 x 19, 244 x ISo, 248 x 188 mm.
232. Lanius schach schach L.
Lanhs Kcharh Grant, P. Z S. 1900. p. 4fiO.
2 (?<J, 1 ? Hoihow, February, March, April I9U2 (No. 2).
8 <?(?, 1 (J Kiungchau, February, March 1902 (No. 2).
Nests containing four and five eggs were found on March 15 and during the
second half of May. They stood from 10 to 20 ft. high iu bushes and trees. The
eggs vary, but all are pinky- white, or white with pale rufous markings and very
pale lilac underlying spots. The measurements are fairly constant, and vary only
from 23-5 x 18-2 to 24 x 19 mm.
233. Lanius cristatus superciliosus Lath.
Laniiis miperciliosus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p, 470.
8 (J? Hoihow, February 1902 (No. 49).
This Shrike is only a winter visitor to Hainan.
234. Lanius cristatus lucionensis L.
Lanius luciimeusis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 470.
Seen, but not procured by Swinhoe ; obtained in North Hainan, according to
Hartlanb.
235. Lanius fuscatus Less.
Grant, P. Z S. 1900. p .470.
(J Lei Muimon, December 1902 (No. 193).
4 (J? Utoshi, March 1903 (No. 144).
2 <?<? Taibinahi, March 1903 (No. 144).
6 Mt. Wuchi, April 1903 (No. 144).
2 (?(?, 1 ? No-Tai, November 1903 (No. 144).
These birds have the breast rather grey, only slightly tinged with rufous, but
larger material from the continent is required to decide if this is constant. The
specimen from Lei Muimon is quite aberrant ; it is almost black above and
underneath ; has a white feather on the throat, the second primary of the right
wing pure white, and the fourth primary mi-Ked with white ; while the left wing
has the fourth primary pare white, with the exception of the outer web at the tip.
236. Psittiparus gularis hainanus Rothsch.
Psillipanis (juluriit Iminamis Rothschild, Dull. D. 0. C. xiv. p. 7 (.Oct. 1903— Mt. Wuchi, Hainan).
1 (J No-Tai, September 19t)2 (No. 98).
1 <J Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 9»).
16
( 242 )
6 <?$ Mt. Wnchi, Marcb and April 1903 (No. 98).
7 <J° Cheteriang, .Tannaiy 11)04 (No. 98).
The (liflerences of tliis subspecies, as given in the original description, do not
hold good in this series. It is qnite trne that /'. g. //ainatius difters from P. i/zi/aris
giilaris from Sikkini and Bhutan by the darker coloar of the u]>perside, and that
it is distingnished from P. gularis transflutialis of the mountains south of the
Brahmaputra by its pure white nnder-snrface ; but it is very closely allied to
P. qularis fokieiisis from Fokien, and difters from the latter only in the more
reddish colour of the npperside — the supposed size of the black gular patch being
due to preparation; moreover it is smaller: the wings of six Fokien specimens
measure 91 — 97 mm., those of fifteen Hainan examples 84 — 88 mm., and in one
case as much as 91 mm., the wing of Iiainunus averaging nearly 1 cm. shorter.
237. Parus sultaneus flavocristatus Lafr.
(J? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 108).
2 cJcJ, 1 ? Mt. Wuchi, April 1903 (No. 168).
The Hainan specimens differ at a glance from P. sultaneus sultaneus by having
smaller bills, and being generally somewhat smaller, while I cannot separate them
from examples of South Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula.
The species is new to Hainan.
238. Parus major hainanus Hart.
Parus major haiiimms Hartert, Nor. Zvi>l. xii. p. 4yy (IWo).
Parus cinereus Grant, P.Z. S. 19U0, p. 469.
4 <?<?, 1 ? Lei Muimon, December 1902, January 1903 (No. 58),
5 5<J Secha, April 1902 (No. 58).
<J No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 58).
4 6 3 Liudon, March 1903 (No. 58).
This subspecies differs from Parus major cinereus of the Sunda Islands iu
being smaller, while the bill is larger.
239. Zosterops palpebrosa simplex Swinh.(?)
Zosieropa simplex Swinhoe, Ibis IsGl. p. :!:il, in the text. (." It will not do to call the other bird
Z. sinensii', as it i3 only a Southern Chinese form, being generally resident in the places where
it is found. Let it stand, then, as Z. simjilcv.")
Zosterops palpebrosa Grant, P.Z. S. 1900. p. 469.
1 <J, 2 ? ? Kiungchau, February, March 1902 (No. 30).
2 (?<?, 1 ? Liudon, JIarch 1903 (No. 30).
8 ? Secha, April, May 1902 (No. 30).
3 No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 30).
5 Hoihow, March 1902 (No. 30).
All Hainan specimens from Hainan and South China are easily distinguished
from Z. palpebrosa palpebrosa of India by its less bright, more greenish instead
of golden yellow npperside, and especially upper tail-coverts. This has been
empliasiscd" by Swinhoe (,Ibi.i, 1870, p. 348), Styan {Ibis, 1887, p. 227), Sharpe
{Cat. B. Brit. Mas. ix. ]). 105), Gates and Finsch. Though there can be no doubt
about the distinctness from Z. palpebrosa palpebrosa, I am in doubt about the
possibility of separating the Hainan form from that of South China. On the whole
the throat is brighter yellow and the bill larger in Hainan examples ; bnt a series
from Formosa shows much variation— some having the throat as pale as
( 243 )
Chinese, some as bright 5'ellow as any Hainan examples ; and also the bills are
sometimes smaller, sometimes larger. Moreover, we have a skin collected by
Swinhoe, according to the label, at Amoy in 1S61, which has the bill as large
and the throat as bright yellow as Hainan birds. Unless there is an error abont
the label, this is of importance. Last, but not least, onr series from China is
rather poor in freshly-moulted adult birds.
I can, therefore, not venture to separate the Hainan birds from the South
Chinese simple^', though they may, perhaps, be separateil later on.
Six clutches of eggs were found by the end of May 19U~;. The nests were
standing 8 to 12 ft. high above the ground, and contained from three to five eggs.
The eggs — like other eggs of Zosterops — are of a very pale greenish blue, without
markings. They measure from 14-5 x 11-5, ]4'9 x 11-7, 1.") x 11-G and 13-7 x 117
to 16-2 x 11-5, lG-7 X 11-9, IG x 110 and 15-5 x 12-6 mm.
240. Dicaeum minuUum minuUum Swinh.
Dicaeum iitiituUum Swinhoe, Ibis vi. p. 240, 1870 (Yu-lin-kan, S. Hainan).
3 <?(?, 2 ? ? Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 85).
4 ? ? Mt. Wuchi, March, April 1903 (No. 85).
1 without exact locality.
This form is very closely allied to DicaPAim minuUum olinaceum ; but it is
of a brighter olive on the upperside, especially the head. The flanks are apparently
more yellowisii olive. The bill is decidedly larger. The buff loral spot is more
conspicuous, as in D. minuUum soUicitans from Java. The ear-coverta are also
tinged with buff. D. minuUum minuUum, oUvaceum, and soUicitans are evidently
closely allied subspecies, while concolor and erijtiirorhijnchum form larger and
somewhat different species.
It may be repeated that the bird called D. inornatum in the Cat. B. x. p. 45
must be called D. minuUum oUvaceum, as " Mi/zant/ie inoi-nata" is a nomen
nudum.
241. Dicaeum cruentata coccinea (Scop.).
Dicaeum rruenhitiiiii Grant, P.Z.S. 1900. p. 4G8.
? Kinngchau, February 1902 (No. 31).
2 (J(J, 1 ? Sccha, May 1902 (No. 31).
8 (J<J, 3 ? ?, 1 ? jnv. No-Tai, August, September 1902 (No. 31).
The various geograiihical forms of Dicaeum cruentaUun iiave hitherto not
been considered, though at least three forms can be distinguished without great
difficulty.
1. Dicaeum cruentata cruentata (L.) from India.
Linnaeus' name is based on Edwards' " Little Black, White and Red Indian
Creeper," which came from "Bengal." I tind that in all tiie Indian birds the
upper wing-coverts are "glossy steel-blue," as Sharpe said, and not in the least
purplish. The bill is line and slender.
2. Dicaeum cruentata iynita (Begbie).
Nectai-iiilii ifimtci Begbie, itatatjan Peninsula, p. !J18 (1834— Malay Peninsula).
All specimens from the Malay Peninsula have the upper wing-coverts distinctly
purplish blue. This is even expressed in the original description : " lesser wing-
( 244 )
coverts with a jinrplish gloss." The bill is sometimes wider at base, sometimes
as in Itiflian specimens.
(It may be emphasised that Begbic's description appeared first in 1834, iu
his book The Malayan Peninsula, and not in the Annals and Magazine of Xat.
Hint. 1840, as qnoted in the Cafaloi/i/f of Birih.)
3. Dicaeum cruentata coccinea (Scop).
Scopoli's name is based on Sonnerat's " Grimpereau i\ dos ronge de la Chine,"
from China. This form has the wing-coverts again steel-blue, without au}- purple
tinge, rather more greenish than purplish ; but it diflfers from the Indian form in
having a larger bill and longer wings, and the females have the upperside more
tinged with rusty orange. — South China and Hainan.
Possibly another subdivision can be made one day, as the Hainan examples
appear to have a slightly shorter wing on an average ; but some of them are fully
as large as others from China (Kwantuug, etc.).
Although there cannot be any doubt that these three forms are representing
each other geographically, this is apparently not the case with D. cruentatum igtiita
and D. sumatranum, as both occur in East-Sumatra.
242. Cinnyris rhizophorae (Swinh.).
Arachnechthra rhiznphorae Swinhoe, Anji. and Mag. N. H. (4) iv. p. 436 (Hainan).
Chmyris rhizophorae Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 468.
3 ;?<?, 1 ? Kinngchau, February 1902 (No. 14).
2 <J<J, 1 ? Hoihow, March 1902 (No. 14).
5 (Jc?, 2 ? ? Secha, April— May 1902 (No. 14).
243. Aethopyg'a christiuae christinae Swinh.
Aethopi/ga christiuae Swinhoe, Ann. and May. iV. //. (4) iv. p. 436 (1869) (Shuy-wei-3ze, Hainan).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 468.
0 cJ cJ, 3 ? ? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 86).
4 (J (J Lei Muiiuon, January 1903 (No. 80).
2 <?(J Namro, March 1903 (No. SO).
S, ? Wnpashi, April 1904 (No. 86).
Aelhopyga laiouchii Slater, from South China, is evidently a subspecies of
christinae, diS'ering by a greenish yellow, not black back, a somewhat different green
of the crown, and slightly brighter reddish throat. The type, now in the Tring
Museum, is from Chiong Po, province of Swatow.
244. Anthus cervina (Pall,).
Mntacilla Cervina Pallas, Zour/r. Rnx^o-Asiat. i. p. .'Jll (18'-'7) " O.E. in Siberia tantum maxima
orientali, circa Coryma fl. itemque in Camtscliatca et ins. vers. Americam sitia frequeus
est.")
Anilna cerriniis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 4i;«.
6 Hoihow, April 1902, No. 4.
9 (J? Kinngchau, February— March 1902.
5 Wnpashi, April 1904.
(Winter visitor.)
(245)
245. Anthus roseatus Blyth.
Anihus rosaceiis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 468.
Only quoted for Hainan on the authority of Hartlaub. Anthus roseatus is the
proper name. Cf. Harteit, Vog. pal. Fauna i. p. 279.
240. Anthus trivialis maculatus Jerdou.
Aiilhiis marnlatUH Jerdon, B. TinUa iii. p. H7i! (1864 — ex Hodg.son, nom. nud., India) ; Grant,
P. Z. S. 1900. p. 467.
7 (?9 Lei Muimon, February 1902— January 1903 (No. 14(3).
'Z 6.S,\ 9 Liudou, March 1903 (No. 146).
c? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 146).
(Migrant.)
247. Anthus richardi richardi Vieill.
Anthus richardi Vieillot, \oui: Dirt, d Hist. Nat. xxvi. p. 491 (1818— France) ; Grant, P. Z. S.
1900. p. 467.
6 J? Hoihow, February— March 1902 (No. 12).
6 (?? Kiungchau, February— March 1902 (No. 12).
4 <S Mt. Wuchi, October— November 1905 (No. 247).
248. Dendronanthus indica (Gm.).
Motacilla mdjcd Gmelin, Sunt. Nat. i. p. 962 (1788 — ex Sonnerat and Latham : India).
Limonidromas indiciis auctoram.
2 <?<?, 1 ? S. Hainan, December 1903 (No. 188).
^9 Utoshi, March 1903 (No. 188).
? Wupashi, April 1904 (No. 188).
Apparently not before recorded from Hainan.
(Migrant from the north.)
249. Motacilla flava thunbergi Billberg.
(Cf. Jnurn.f. Orn. 1906. p. .351.)
Motacilla borealis Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 467.
Swinhoe collected a specimen on West Island, South Hainan.
(Winter visitor.)
250. Motacilla flava taivanus (Swinhoe).
Budytes taioamis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Sue. 1863. p. 334 (Formosa).
Motacilla lairana Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 467.
4 (J(? Hoihow, December, February 1902, January, February 1903 (No. 7).
6 (J (J Kiuugchan, February 1902 (No. 7).
(Winter visitor.)
251. Motacilla boarula melanope Pall.
Motaiilla melannpc Pallas, Rcise d. ver.scli. Pror. Rii.is. Rriihs iii. p. 696 (1776 — '' In Davuria circa
ripas glareosaa") ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 467.
9 Lei Muimon, November 19(12 (No. 152).
2 (J<J Hoihow, February 1903 (No. 152).
1 without exact locality, January 1903 (No. 152).
(Winter visitor)
(246 )
252. Motacilla alba ocularis Swinb.
Motacilla ocu'aris Swinhoe, Ibin 18l!0. p. 55 (Amoy) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 10i>0. p, 4*57.
8 ^? Hoihow, Aiiril 10U2, January— February I'.Milj (No. 8).
$ Kiungcbau, March ] i)U2 (No. 8).
(J, 2 ? ? Lei Muimon, January 19U3 (No. 8).
(Migrant.)
253. Motacilla alba leucopsis Gould.
Motacilla hucnpsh Gould, [•m.-. Zool. Soc. Loml. 1837. p. 78 :([Qdi;i) ; Grant, P. Z. .S. 1900.
p. 467.
2 (?<?, 1 ? Kinngchau, February— March 19U2 (No. 147).
<J No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 147).
S Lei Muimon, January 19U3 (No. 147).
9 (J? Hoihow, November, December 10ii2, January, February 1903 (No. 147).
(Migrant.)
254. Alauda gulgula coelivox Swinb.
Alauda cosUnx Swinhoe, Zoulo'jU 18.'j0. p. fi724. Jl,i< 1800. p. 02, 132 (Amoy).
Alaudx galgula (oon Franklin 1) Grant, P. Z. S. lUOO. p. 460.
10 cJ? Kiungcbau, February 1902, No. 13.
0 ? Hoihow, February, March 1902, No. 13.
All these specimens are the same as South Chinese ones, .and their correct
name is Alauda gulgida coelicox, as they are not the same as the Indian
^1. g. gulgula. From Formosa we have received a large series of forms with a
thicker bill and darker coloration. These agree with the supposed types of both
sala and ivattersi in the British Museum. I tliink that Swinhoe meant to call
Formosan examples by the name of sala, though I formerly referred the name to
Hainan birds, which were looked upon as the same as the Formosan ones by
Swinhoe. This appears to be correct, but I cannot quite understand it, as these
closely allied forms must be geographical representatives.
255. Emberiza spodocephala spodocephala Tall.
Grant, p. Z. S. 1900. p. 400.
9 (J? Hoihow, January— February 1903 (No. 34).
? Lindon, March 1903 (No. 34).
2 nnse.xed, Kiungcbau, March 1903 (No. 34).
(J Secha, March 1902 (No. 34).
256. Emberiza aureola Pall.
Grant, P. Z. 8. 19011. p. 400.
3 (J cJ, 3 ? S Liudon, March 1903 (No. 173).
1 cJ juv. No-Tai, November 1903 (No. 224).
257. Emberiza fucata fucata Tall.
Grant, P.Z.S. lOOO. p. 187.
4 (?cJ, 1 ? Hoihow, February— March 1902, February l'.)ii3 (No. 19).
1 (J Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 19).
5 c?(J Liudon, March l'.io:5 (No. 19).
2 ? ? Wnpashi, April 1904 (No. 19).
( 247 )
258. Passer montana taivanensis Hart.
Pasm- moidanus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 466. (Common, teste Swinhoe.)
Passer montnna taivanensis Hartert, Viiij.pal. Fauna i. Heft ii. p. 161 (1904 —Formosa).
14 (?? Kiungchau, Febrnar}'— March 1902 (No. 1).
1 <J, 2 <?<? jiiv. Hoihow, March 1902, August 1903 (No. 1).
The Hainan Tree Sparrow can, in ray opinion, be united with the Formosan
form, wliich is probably .spread over Southern (Jhina. It cannot be mistaken for
the Indian form, P. inontana malaccens/s Dubois, which has a smaller bill and
lighter colour on the upper surface, while the Japanese snbspecies {Passer
montana saturatus Steju.) — though very closely allied — has the bill not ((nite
so powerful. It is true that, on the whole, Hainan examples average slightly
less in their bills, but some Formo.sau specimens have bills quite like others
from Hainan, while, on the other hand, some Hainan specimens have as powerful
bills as Formosan ones.
259. Sporaeginthus amandava (L.).
Fringnia Amandai-a Linnaeus, Sijal. Nat. ed. x. p. 180 (1758— ex Albin, pi. 77. " Habitat in India
orientali ").
3 <?<? Cheteriaug, January 1904 (No. lOO).
These specimens are very brightly coloured. The species does not seem to
have been recorded from Hainan before.
260. Munia acuticauda Hodgs. (? subspec).
Vroloncha squainicoUis Sharpe, Cat. BinU Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 359 (1890— partim !).
Urohncha sqnamicoUis Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 466 (Hainan).
? Secha, April 11, 1902 (No. 116).
2 <?<? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 116).
2 (J(? Lei Muimon, January 1003 (No. 116).
4 ? ? Utoshi, March 1903 (No. 116).
3 <?<?, 3 ? ? Wupachi, April 1904 (No. 245).
I cannot separate the Hainan series from specimens of M. acuticatida of India
and Malacca, though some are slightly smaller. On the other hand, Chinese
specimens (Shanghai, Foochow, Whamijoa) differ from Indian ones as described
by Sharpe in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 359, by having larger bills ; the
Formosan birds agree with the Chinese ones {M. acuticauda .vjuamicoUis Sharpe),
excei)t that the wing is slightly shorter, and the throat mostly darker, but I do
not feel justified in separating them without comparing a larger series from China.
261. Munia topela Swinh.
Munia topela Swinh., Ihis v. p. 380 (1863) (Amoy and Canton) ; Grant, P. Z.S. 1900. p. 463.
9 (J? Hoihow, March 1902, February 1903 (No. 36).
8 (J? Kiungchau, March 1902 (No. 36).
? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 36).
? Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 36).
Hainan specimens do not differ from Chinese ones.
(248)
262. Oriolus ardens nigellicauda (Swinh.).
Psaropholus ardens var. nigellicauda Swinhoe, Ibix vi. p. 342 (1870 — Hainan).
Oriolus nigfllicandiis Grant, P. Z. S. lOOD. p. 4Go.
2 (J (J, 1 ? jnv., 2 ?9 Lei Muimou, December I'Jn:.' (No. l;31).
I cJ, 0 ? ? Mt. Wuchi, March 1903, November 1905. (No. 134).
3 J (J, 1 (J juv., (.^Leteriang, January 1904 (No. 134).
The chief difierence in the Hainan bird, which is a very close ally of nn/ens,
is in the shorter wing. The bill is slightly slenderer. The tail of the male is
generally darker, especially the two central feathers and outer webs of the outer
rect rices. The female has also a darker and more brownish tail than 0. ardens
ardens.
203. Oriolus iudicus Jerdou.
Oriolus iudi'us Jcrdon, ///. [ml. Oni., text to plate xv. (1847— Malabar, Tfaviiucore, etc.) ; Gates,
B. India i. p. .^O^ ; Ilartevt, VSg. Pal, Fauna i. p. .'>:!.
Oriolus diffiisas Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 197 (nomen emouJ.I ; Grant, /'. Z.S. lUOO. p. 46.5.
15 (J? .Sccha, April -May 10(12 (No. 50).
As Sharjie stated, as long ago as lsT7, "There are some slight differences
between Indian and Chinese specimens, but not sufficient to found sjiecies upon."
All 1 can see is that Indian exam()les are inclined to have slenderer bills, Imt 1
cannot even venture to found a subspecies upon this character.
A nest with two eggs was found at Secha on June 1, 1904, hanging twenty
feet high on a tree. The two eggs are of a lovely pink (not white as in 0. oriolus,
after being blown and kept in the collection), covered with deep rnfons-l)rown
spots and underlying paler rufous-brown and mauve patches and clouds. They
measure 305 x 20-2 and 30-5 x 20" mm.
Another nest with four eggs was found on May 18. The eggs are paler,
the pink tinge being quite faint. Measurements 30 x 207 and 31 x 21 mm.
(Two broken.)
264. Dissemurus paradiseus johni Hart.
Dissemurus paradiseus johii Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. ix. p. 580 (190-— Hainan).
Dissemurus paradiseus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 465 (errore).
5 No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 102).
3 ? ? Mt. Wuchi, March, May 1903 (No. 102).
II (J? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 102).
This subspecies is of all those known to me nearest to the North Indian one
(Z). pararlisca f/rri/t///s), but difiers in its very wide-feathered full crest, without any
long frontal hairlike plumes, short feathers on the back of the neck, and much
shorter wing. This is a most distinct form, a " good sjjecies " for our dear friends,
the old-fashioned species-mongers.
265. Dicrurus leucogenys (Walden).
Buchanga leucogenys Grant, P. Z. S. I'JOO. p. 464.
6 <J? Lei Muimon, December 1902— January 1903 (No. 120).
6 (J? No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 120).
1 nnsexed, Namro, March 1003 (No. 120).
6 Secha, April 1902 (No. 120)-
These specimens agree well with each other, but there are perhaps two races,
( 249 )
a lighter and a darker one— possibly from North (and South) China. Onr Hainan
examples wonld, in that case, belong to tlie darker race. Possibly this species is
only a winter visitor on the island of Hainan.
260. Dicrurus cineraceus innexa (Swinb.).
Buchmiija innexa Swinhoo, Huh, 1870. p. 246 (Hainan).
Buchanga cincracea Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 465.
8 c?? Secha, April and May 1902 (No. 55).
4 <?$ Lei Muimon, December 1902, January 19(j:3 (Nos. 120, 145).
1 S Sonth Hainan, December 19113 (No. 145).
1 (J Hoihow, November 1903 (No. 145).
2 ? ? Utoshi, March 1903 (No. 145).
1 S Wupa-shi, 3. iv. 1904 (No. 55).
6 cJ? Liudon, March 1903, March 1904 (Nos. 55, 145).
Tbe study of these Drongos is very difficult, bat, as our fine series from Hainan
is conspicuous by the large dimensions of the beaks, it might well be separated
from D. cineracexs cineraceus from Java and Bali. The series is a very interesting
one, being somewhat variable. Some examples, in fact more or less all those that
are in abraded plninage, have whitisli lores and a more or less striking indication
of white ear-coverts, while others are qnite dark, almost black, about these parts.
Some of those in worn plumage look exactly as if they were hybrids between
D. cineraceus and 1>. leucogemjs, but they can always be distinguished from the
latter by their mucli darker under wing-coverts, which are paler and have whitish
edges in D. leucogeiv/s. Snch apparently intermediate e.xamples were named
" Bucluirign iiuu'xa" by Swinhoe, wliile others with dark lores and ear-coverts were
enumerated by him under the name of " Bucluiiuja monhoti."
The other supposed subspecies of D. cineraceus are more difficult to distinguish
than D. cineraceus innexa. I), cineraceus wallacei from Lombok is so slightly
darker, and averages— but is not always ! — so little larger, that it .is difficult to
separate. The supposed D. cineraceus palawanensis (Whitehead) is also very
slightly darker than D. cineraceus cineraceus of Java, but 1 fail to see how to
distinguish it from the Lombok birds.
Specimens from Sumatra seem to agree with those from Java, while Teuasserim
ones are apparently paler on the underside, but questionably separable.
The form justly named nigrescens by Gates (of. Fauna Brit. India, Birds i.
p. 315, 1889) 1 take to be the representative race, inhabiting Burma and Assam.
D. stigmatops Sharpe (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 247) is quite distinct. I have only
seen it from Borneo.
What Swinhoe said about the notes of tlie various species of Dicrurus is
interesting and important— viz. that those of the " Ashy Drongo " {D. cineraceus)
are quite distinct from those of the " White-cheeked" (D. leucogemjs) and of the
"Black species" (/>. atra cathoecus).
267. Dicrurus atra cathoecus Swinh.
Dicrurus cathoecus Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871. p. 377 (China, Hainan and Formosa).
Buchanga atra (non Hermann !) Grant, P. Z. S. I WO. p. 464.
8 (J? Kiuugchau, February, March 1902 (Nos. 5, 26).
6 <J? Hoihow, March, November, December 1902 (Nos. 5, 26).
2 (J<J, 1 ? Lei Muimon, December 1902, January 19U3 (No. 26).
( 250 )
1 9 No-Tai, September 1902 (No. 26).
1 (J Utoshi, March 1003 (No. 26).
The Hainan specimens differ at a ghmce from Indian ones {B. atra aim) in
having larger and more powerful bills, and shorter — not longer! — wings. Swiahoe
said they had a "rich bronze gloss." This I can hardly see. It is true that they
have a somewhat more greenish, less steel-black, gloss on the back and rump, but
this difference is very slight. Another remarkable difference of J>. a. ca//ifl.riin is
in the tail, which never reaches the same length as in Indian specimens.
Two nests were found at Hoihow on the 2nd and 16th of May 1902. They
stood ten feet from the ground. One contained four, the other two egfs. The
eggs are white or of a pale pinkish cream-colour with, mostly round, rufous brown
spots and patches, and a few pale greyish or mauve deeper-lying spots. They
measure 26 x ISo, 2.jb x 19, 2.5-7 x 18, 25-3 x 195, 2-5 x 19o and 24-.'J x
19o mm.
Another clutch which is said to belong to D. atra cai/ioeciis is smaller, and
the round deep rufous brown spots on the eggs are smaller. They were taken
at Secha, where no specimens of B. atra cat/ioecus were shot, but a series of
I), cineraceus innexa. 1 am inclined to think that they might belong to the latter.
268. Chaptia aeneus (Vieill.).
Dicrurus aeiieiis Vieill., ^V. Did. (VHist. Xal., Xouv. Ed. ix. p. 580 (ex Levaillant).
Chaptia aeiiea Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 464.
8 <J? Mt. Wuchi, April, May 1903 (No. 143).
S tS<S Lei Muimon, January 1903 (No. 143).
4 cJ? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 143).
269. Sturnia sinensis (Gm.).
Oriolus sinensis Gm., Sysl. Nal. i. p. 394 (1788).
Sluniia sinensis Grant, /'. Z. S. 1900. p. 463.
12 (J? Hoihow, March 1902 (No. 38).
The white tip to the tail-feathers varies much in e.xtent.
2TiL Spodiopsar cineraceus (Temm.).
Stunnis cimrace.us Temm., PI. Col. ii. 566 (1832 — Japan).
Sjjndinpsar cinerarcus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 463.
3 Hoihow, 5. ii. 1903 (No. 149).
This species is only a winter visitor to Hainan.
271. Spodiopsai- sericeus (Gm.).
Sturnus sericeus Gm., Si/sl. Nat. i. p. 805 (1788).
Spudiopsar sericeus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 463.
7 <?(?, 6 ? ? Hoihow, February 1903 (No. 148).
272. Acridotheres cristatella brevipennis subspee. nov.
Acridolheres cristatellus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 463.
Kinngchan, February and March 1902 (No. 24).
Hoihow, March 1902 (No. 24).
Hainan specimens agree in every respect with ^1. cnstatella cristatella from
251 )
China, except in size : they are smaller, the bill being, as a rule, smaller and
slenderer, and the wing invariably shorter, generally from lU to 18 mm.
Type: <? ad. Kiungchau, 14. ii. 19U2.
A number of eggs were found in holes of trees from three to twenty feet
above the ground. The clutches consisted of three and four eggs which are glossy
greenish blue.
273. Gracula iiitermedius hainanus (Swinh.).
.' Eidabes Iiiiinrinits Swinhoe, IhU 1870. p. 352 (Uainan).
Mtihiatim iiitenneilius Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 464.
1 ? Hoihow, April 1902 (No. 6.5).
12 (J ? ML Wuchi, November 1905 (No. 65).
A comparison of our beautiful series of Gracida from Hainan shows that they
are very closely allied to <r. iitU'.nwdtin from Tenasserim and Burma (.\ssam),
only the bill is generally, but not always, smaller, the wings mostly, but not
constantly, shorter, and as a rule the hippets on the occiput are somewliat narrower ;
moreover, the narrow bare line behind the eye ends more or less broadly, wliile
it is pointed on the top end in intermcdinx. This last character, however, is a
rather difficult one to go by, because it is much influenced by preparation : if
the sides of the head are puffed out and filled with cotton-wool, the narrow bare
sjiace becomes broader, and it shrinks with the shrinking of the sides of the head.
Also the width of the lappets is ratlier difficult to judge from, because the skins
are not all equally treated. Therefore I am at present inclined to separate the
Hainan form ; but am not quite certain if it can be done satisfactorily.
i^winhoe separated both the South Chinese form and that from Hainan. The
former he described because it was " smaller than E. intermedins of Tenasserim,
had a smaller bill, and very narrow nuchal Hesh-lappets," and because "the
naked skin below the eye was about 07 in. broad and in shape nearly square."
The Hainan bird, he says, had the subocular fleshy skin narrow, 0'25 in., and
" lengthened downwards, not square." This is difficult to understand, and the
description of sinensis agrees with our Hainan birds, while that of hainanus does
not seem to fit so well. The probability is, that the Hainan and South China
birds are the same, and form a barely separable form, closely allied to, but not
quite identical with, G. intermedins from Tenasserim. The type of hainanus was
a live bird in a cage which died and was thrown away, and it seems that the
sinensis were all bought alive in shops by Swinhoe, who did not shoot them himself,
274. Temniirus temnura nigra (Styan). (? Tcmnurus temnura).
(Plate V.)
Cri/psirhiiio nigra Styan, Bull. B. 0. C. vol. i. p. vi. (1892 — Hainan).
Tcmnurus schmnrheri Styan, Ibis 1893. p. 426 (descript. nulla).
Temniirus nuslaleli Hartlaub, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 1898, Bd. .xvi. pt. 2. p. 249 (1899— Hainan).
Tcmnurus niger Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 464.
5 (J<J, 1 ? Mt. Wuchi, March, April, May 1903 (No. 190).
2 .?<?, 1 ? Mt. Wuchi, November 1905 (No. 19U).
6 (J ? Cheteriang, January 1904 (No. 190).
The Hainan race of Temnurus has, like its continental representative, been
(252)
nnlncky iu its names ; the latter was first called Glaucopis temnitra by Temininck
(PL Col. 357), tlien Temnurus truncatiis by Lesson (7Va/V(? rf'0;-«. p. 341). The
Hainan race was (Inly described as Criijimrhina nigra by Styan {I.e.), Temnurus
temnura being nnknowu to him. In tlie Ibis for 1893, by an oversight, the
bird was called Ti'in/iiirus schmac/<rri instead of T. nigra ; and then Hartlanb,
althi>ny;h aware of the names Cri/psirliin't nigni and Temnurus .sc/imnc/.-cri, most
unnecessarily once more named the unfortunate bird Temnurus ouslalcti ! The
uniqne specimen now in the Bremen Museum is the ty|)e of Cr'/psir/iina nigra,
Temnurus schm'ic/ieri, and Temnurus oustnleti '
The late Professor Oustalet has compared the s])ecim('n nbtaiued by
Schmacker's collector Tetsu with the type and uuiijuo specimen i)i Tem/iurus
temnura (= (runcatus) in the Paris Museum, and says tiiat it is smaller, has
a less robust beak, and no metallic gloss on the head, tail, and wings. From
this we must conclude that T. temnura has a distinct metallic gloss on those
parts, which is very faint iu our Hainan birds, except just on the forehead. As
Dr. Hartlanb said, the tail is not iu the least "spatulate," as described by iStyan, uor
" cut square," but very deeply notched, the outer webs turned outwards and slightly
upwards, the end of the shaft protruding in a point. The under-surface and mantle
are dull slate-black or blackish slate-colour; the feathers of the forehead erect,
those at the base of the culmeu and above the nostrils pointed forward ; the
anterior part of the crown is slightly glossy. Tail and wings black, with a slight
metallic gloss. The bill, legs, and toes are black, iris claret-red. Wings 12.5 to
133 mm. (females mostly, but not all, smaller, with wings about l','.i to 128 mm.),
longest rectrices 17U to 200, shortest lateral ones 6U to 7U mm.
It must be added that Oustalet doubts whether the type came from Cochin-
China, and I am, notwithstanding the slight differences noticed liy Oustalet, not
at all sure that the type of Temnurus temnura was not a specimen from Hainan,
and that only one form of Temnurus is known.
Temnurus is no doubt a close ally of Crgpsir/tiua, and, like the latter,
belongs to the Corvidae, and not to the Sturnidae, among which it has been
placed — doubtless by an oversight and not intentionally — iu Mr. Grant's list.
27.5. Dendrocitta sinensis insulae subspec. uov.
Dendroritta sinensis Grant, P. Z. S. lOilO. p. 4153.
13 <J? No-Tai, April, September, October 1002 (No. 84).
Differs from specimens from Fokien in being more ashy on the underside,
especially on the breast, and in having a somewhat darker, more blackish throat,
and besides they have shorter wings. The wings of the Hainan series range from
128 to 13.5, and in one <J to 138, while in B. sinensis sinensis the wings measure
about 140 to 1.50 mm. The greater length of the wings in continental sinensis
has already been distinctly shown by Shar|)e, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 81, where he
measures the wings of Hainan skins as 48 to .5-1.5, those of Ningpo examples 5'4
and 5'.5.5 in. This is significant, though the wing-ranasureraents given by Sharpe
at that time were generally too short, as he did not stretch the wing, which
is necessary in order to obtain exact and unvarying measurements. Type :
<J, 3. X. 1002.
The iris is claret-brown, bill black, legs and toes blackish slate, claws a
little lighter.
( 253 )
All onr specimens have tlie white specninm on the primaries distinctly <le-
veloped, though in man)' of them it is very small, and perhaps generally smaller
than in D. sinensis sinensis. Hartlanb mentions a Hainan specimen in which the
alar specninm is only indicated.
Dcndrocitta sinensis formosae Swinh. {Ibis 1803, p. 387) is another subspecies
of this group with the lower abdomen whitish, the mantle more reddish and about
the basal half of the middle rectrices grey, while D. sinensis sinensis and D. sinensis
insulae have the rectrices all black to the base, or only a small, though varying,
amount of grey on the central jiair, and, often, there is more grey in the tail in
D. s. insulae than in D. s. sinensis.
270. Cissa katsumatae Rothsch.
Cism Katsumatae Rothschild, Bull. B. 0. C. xir. p. 9 (Oct. 1903— Hainan).
12 cJ? Mt. Wuchi, November lOuO (No. B. 183).
1 ? Mt. Wuchi, 24. iii. 1903 (No. 183).— Type.
1 cJ? Chiteriang, 0, 8, i. 1904 (No. 183).
1 ? without exact locality, 18, iv. 1904 (No. 183).
1 <J Mt. Wuchi, 15, xi. 1905 (No. 183).
This beautiful Cissa was described by Mr. Rothschild from a single female.
As stated in the original description it differs from C. chinensis in the absence of
black snbterminal cross-bars, followed by whitish tips, on the inner secondaries,
which are reddish chestnut with wide greenish blue tips. It must be added that
the bright chestnut-red colour disappears in time, and is replaced by greenish-
brown, when the skins dry out more and more, and the fat or grease which the
feathers contain to a certain degree when fresh, evaporates — at least this is my
explanation of the fact that in all skins of Cissa the yellowish green colour seen
in freshly killed examples is gradually replaced by a pale blue, and the chestnut
or blood-red by a greenish brown. Exposure to light is not necessary to bring
these changes about; 1 have found out that it also takes jilace in skins which are
entirely shut off from the light, though more slowly. In the absence of black
anteapical bars on the inner secondaries C. katsumatae agrees with C. jefferyi from
Borneo and thalussina. from Java, but both the latter forms have wide whitish blue
tips to the inner secondaries and ditferenlly marked rectrices. In C. katsumatae
the central pair of rectrices are yellowish green (dull blue in older skins) while the
lateral ones have wide (2 cm. and more) black bars and wide (25 to 3 cm.) pale
bluish grey tips, palest at their ends. The size is much less than in C. chinensis.
The tail is considerably shorter. Wings of males 140 to 145, of females 138 to
143 mm. The tails measure 15 to 10 cm. Iris dark cherry-red or "madder
brown " (Ridgway, Nomeal. Col. iv., Fig. 3), bill and feet orange rufou.s-red.
1 am inclined to think that C. Itatsumatae should be treated as a subspecies of
C. chinensis, but we must take into consideration the fact that two species of Cissa,
namely ^V.s-.s« minor and Cissa je^'rri/i, are both apparently together on the same
mountain. Interesting notes on their occurrence are found in .Jolni Whitehead's
fine book on Mount Kina Bain. In the Hand-list, v. p. 609, the habitat of C. minor,
by an oversight, has only been given as " Sumatra." A comparison of a series from
both Sumatra and Borneo would be desirable. In any case, in view of the occurrence
of two closely allied species together on Borneo, we cannot be too careful in
regarding any Cissa as subspecies of another.
(254)
277. Urocissa whiteheadi Grant.
(Plate VI.)
Urocissa tuliitelieadi Grant, Bull. B. 0. C, vol. x. p. xviii. (1899) ; P. Z. S. 1900. p. MM.
11 !?? Mt. Wucbi, Marcli, April, May (No. 100).
1 <J Chiteriang:, 10, i. 1904 (No. 100).
This remarkable species is niilike an)' of the other species of the genns.
AVhitehead also discovered a nest with young ones and another with eggs. t'f.
P. Z.S. 1900. p. 463.
The plate represents one of the males collected by Katsnmata, and two of the
eggs obtained by Whitehead.
278. Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Gm.).
Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 402.
An example of the red-billed Urocissa was obtained in North Hainan by
Schmacker's collector (Hartlanb, Ab/i. Nat. Ver. Drfnu'ii, xii. pp. 299, 312).
279. Pica pica sericea Gould.
Pica sericea Gould, Proc. Znol. Soc, London 1845, p. 2 (Amoy, China).
Pica pica, Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 402.
Pica pica sericea Hartert, VSg. Pal. Fauna i. p. 22.
10 >5$ Hoihow, February 1902 (No. 78).
280. Corvus torquatus Less.
Ccn-cus turqmlus Grant, P. Z. S. 1900. p. 402.
10 <?? Hoihow, February, March, April, November, December, 1902 (No. 07).
1 <J Liudon, 11. iii. 1903 (No. 67).
1 <J Utoshi, 21. iii. 1903 (No. 67).
281. Corvus macrorhynchos levaillautii Lesson.
Corns lemiUaiilii Lesfon, Traite d'Oni. p. 328 (Bengal) ; Grant, /' Z. S. 1900. p. 462.
7 <?? Hoihow, March 1902 (No. 60).
3 <J? Hoihow, February 1903 (No. 06).
5 <J? Liudon, March 1903 (No. 00).
( 255 )
SOME NEW MOTHS.
By Dr. K. JORDAN.
Family SA TURNHUAE.
1. Dirphia divisa spec. nov.
S. Antenna pale bnff, the apical processes of each segment much shorter than
the proximal processes. Head and thorax mummy-brown, flushed with ecru and
slightly variegated with buif. Abdomen black above, the apices of the segments
tawny-ochraceous. Underside of body tawny-olive.
Wings, Kpperside : forewing elongate-triangular, nearly twice as long as
broad, tawny-olive ; a white line rans from base, where it is widened to form a
small spot, to base of M-, extends at the hinder side of this vein two-fifths the
way to the outer margin, where it curves apicad, running almost straight to
the costal margin, which it reaches 4 mm. from apex ; this line edged with
brownish black on its costal side ; another white line also emanates from the
basal costal spot, bat curves first backwards, then forwards, being here united
with the first line, and again backwards, nearly having the shape of the letter S
and ending at the hiudraargin about 5 mm. from angle ; this line is edged with
brownish black on tlie hinder side; between the greyish brown outer marginal
area and the white lines there is an irregular blackish band which projects
distad between R' and M- ; a black discocellular spot, triangular, pointed costally,
about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide. Hindwing much longer at costal margin
than at hindmargin, outer margin very oblique ; basal area pinkish ochraceons,
especially at hindmargin ; rest of wing dark drab ; a rounded discocellular patch
black, its diameter about •5 mm. ; a blackish submarginal line, posteriorly double,
anteriorly less distinct and nearer to the margin, the marginal area paler than
the disc, 4 mm. wide at M-, and about 2 mm. below apex.
Underside clay-colour, the long hairs on both wings pinkish ochraceons; in
outer half of both wings two rather diffuse blackish bands, the proximal one
curved inwards, on forewing approaching lower angle of cell, on hindwing crossing
apex of cell, commencing at costal margin close to apex and ending at hind-
margin at a short distance from angle, the ground at outer side of this band
slightly paler than in centre of wing ; the outer band somewhat irregular, projecting
distad between R^ and M".
Length of forewing : 45 mm. ; breadth, 23 mm.
Ilab. (.'aldas, Minas Geraes.
1 <J in coll. .J. Arp.
2. Lobobunaea phaeax spec. nov.
?. Similar to L. christi/l Sharpe, Ann. May. S. 11. (7) iii. p. 371 (1899) (Niger).
Branches of antenna shorter than both in L. christyi and p/iaedusa Drury. Upperside
of wings grey, irrorated with numerous black specks ; forewing with ocellus as large
as in c/irisli/i ; the discal line thin, crossing the third radial li mm. from the ocellus
and 18 mm. from the distal margin. Ocellus of hindwing as in the allied species,
but its deep red outer ring much more sharply defined ; discal line absent.
Underside: both wings sjiccklcd with black, grey from base to discal lino,
and brown from this line to the distal margin, the latter itself l)roa(lly blackish
with the exception of the hinder angle of the fore- and the apical angle of the
(256 )
hindwing ; midway between the diseal line nml margin blackish patches. Ocelbis
of forewing pale sepia-eolonr, smaller than above, ] 1 mm. long, narrowly edged
with black and red. On the hindwing the ocellns the same colonr as on the
forewing, almost circnlar, thongh sinuewliat irregular; much smaller than in
christyi, its diameter being 10 mm.
Hub. Gambaga, Gold Coast, Jnne 11, 1902 (Dr. Bury).
1 9.
Family ZVGAENIDAE.
3. Khodopsoiia rutila spec. nov.
<J. Similar to 7?. rubiginosa Leech. Body wood-brown, with very few red
scales on the mesonotum.
Upperside : forewing red, paler in the centre; a narrow black border all
ronnd, this border especially narrow at the costal margin and somewhat widened
at the apex. Hindwing also red, with a broader black border at the costal and
distal margins, the abdominal area from edge to SM' clayish sepia-colour.
Underside like npper, the black costal border of both wings very thin ;
abdominal border of hindwing bnffish clay-colonr ; hiudmargin of forewing also
more or less of this colonr.
Length of forewing : 16 mm.
Hab. Kagi District, Central Formosa.
3 3 a.
Morionia gen. nov.
3. Frons narrower than the eye in frontal view. Tongue well developed.
Antenna long, reaching beyond apex of cell of forewing, pectinated, the branches
long and thin, rongh-scaled, those of the apical segments shorter. Foretibia
with long spur, which is closely applied to the tibia, reaching to its apex ;
Lindtibia with two pairs of spurs.
JSeuration. Forewing : four snbcostals, second and third stalked together,
the radial and median veins from cell, apex of the latter truncate, slightly
ancled between second and third radials, the second median from lower ansle.
Hindwing : costal anastomosed with cell at three-fourths of the latter ; sub-
costal and first radial separate, second cross-vein deejjly angnlate, first radial
from above this angle, lower angle of cell more produced than ujiper, truncate,
radial and median veins from cell, second median branching otf beyond two-thirds.
In the bushy antenna and the contour of the wings the genus resembles
Rkodopsona, but it belongs to the Zyyaeniiiae, not to the Clialcosiinae.
4. Morionia sciara spec. nov.
S. Body and forewing olivaceous black, with an exceedingly faint metallic
tinge. Tongue pale yellow. Tip of antenna whitisli.
Upperside: forewing elongate, the distal margin being only a little longer
than half the hindmargin ; below cell a white dot, o mm. from base, and some
white specks at the discocellulars. Hindwing drab, seiuitransparent ; distal
margin twice the length of the abdominal margin.
Underside, uniformly drab, sliglitly darker at the apex of both wings.
Length of forewing : 18 — 19 mm.
Hab. Mt. Arizan, Kagi District, Central Formosa, Jnne 19o8.
2S3.
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
SPHINGIDAE.
BY THE
Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
AND
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H journal of ZooIoq^.
EDITED BY
The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.
VoL,_XVII
No. 3.
Pages 257—507.
Plates VI._X.
Issued December 15th, at the Zoological Museum, Trisg.
PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON 4: VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
1910.
I
Vor,. XVII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
EDITED BY
WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. III.
PAOES
1. THE BIRDS OF THE ElO MADEIRA . C. E. llellma</r . . 257—428
2. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SYNTOMIDAE . Waller Rothschild . . 429—445
3. NOTES ON SEA ELEPHANTS {MIROUNGA)
(Plates VIII., IX.) Walter Rothschild . . 445— 44C
4. LIST OF THE SrillNGIDAE COLLECTED
BY THE LATE W. HOFFMANNS AT
ALLIANCA, RIO MADEIRA, AMAZONAS Walter Rothschild and
Karl Jordan . . 447 — 455
5. SOME NEW SPEINGIDAE .... Walter Rothschild and
Karl Jordan . , 456 — 459
6. A NEW SPECIES OF THE DIPTEROUS
GENUS ACUIA.'i Fabr. (Family ORTA-
LIDAE) (Plate XV,) Ernest E. Austen . . 459—461
7. NEW FORMS OF THE ACRAEINE GENERA
PLANE MA AND ACTINOTE . . . Karl Jordan . . .462—469
8. NEW -S'.irry^V///).!^ Karl Jordan. . .470—476
9. MISCELLANEA ORNITHOLOGICA : (Pt. VI.)
(Plate VII.) J^mst Uartert . . 477—483
10. ON THE EGGS OF THE PARADISEIDAE
(Plate X.) Ernst Hartert . . 484—491
11. ON SOME NECESSARY ALTERATIONS
IN THE NOMENCLATURE OF BIRDS . Gregory M. Mathews . 492-503
12. NOTES ON MELJORXIS NOYAEHOLLAX-
DIAE KOVAEIIOLLAXDIAE AND .)/. X.
DIEMEXENSIi^ Gregwy M. Mathews . 504
13. N0TP:S on ARCTIAXAE and DESCRIP-
TIONS OF A FEW NEW SPECIES . Walter Rothschild . . 504—506
14. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ATTACVS . Walter Rotfischihl . . 507
(Plates XL — XV. will appear with the Index number,)
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
Vol. XVII. DECEMBER, 1910. No. 3.
THE BIRDS OF THE RIO MADEIRA.
By C. E. HELLMAYR.
I. INTRODUCTION.
THE Rio Madeira, the miglidest affluent to the Amazons from the south, has
been somewhat neglected by naturalists, and, until recently, oar knowledge of
its avifauna rested exclusively on the researches of John Natterer, who, in 1828,
1829, and 1S3U, had made extensive collections on this river. The results of his
exertions are embodied in A. von Pelzeln's well-known work " Ztir Ornithologie
Brasiliens. Resitltate von Joliann Natterer s lieise/i in den Jahren 1817 hi& 1835,"
Vienna, 1867-70.* In 1U06 Mr. W. Hoffmanns visited the district, collectmg at
Humaytha on the left bank, at Faraiso and Borba on tlie right side. This material,
consisting of several hundred specimens, went to the Tring Museum, and an account
of it has been given by me in Notitates Zoologicae, vol. xiv. 1907, pp. 343-412. In
March 1907 Mr. Hnffmanns returned to his old hunting-grounds, workiiig chieily
on the right bank of the river, and continued collecting until October 1908, when
ill-health once more put an end to his activity. Though much hampered by
fre([uent attacks of malaria, for wliich the Madeira has a very bad- reputation,
Mr. Hoffmanns was able to bring together a series of about 130u bird skins, which,
together with those secured on his first trip, makes a total of 2000 specimens.
Besides these I have examined, thanks to the generous assistance of Dr. von
Lorenz, the greater portion of the material obtained by Natterer on the Madeira
and Guapor6 Rivers.
The following article may, therefore, be looked upon as a complete resume of
our present knowledge of the ornis of the Madeira region, which I have deemed best
to restrict to that portion of the stream from Borba upwards to the junction of the
Bcni and Guapore Rivers, the country below Borba being wholly unexplored. Four
hundred and sixty-four species have been ascertaiued to occur within this area,
although I feel sure that future explorations will considerably swell this list.
It remains to say a few words about the localities visited by Mr. Hoffmanns on
his second expedition. The majority of the specimens were obtained at a jilace
called Calama, situated on the right bank just below the junction of the Rio
Giparana or Machados, which forms the boundary between the Brazilian states
Amazonas and Mattogrosso. Jamarysinho is a hamlet on the left side of the
Machados, near its mouth, and Sao Isabel a little village on the Rio Preto, a small
affluent which flows into the Machados not far from its junction with tlie Madeira.
Allianca is a settlement farther up the stream, a little above the mouth of the Rio
Jamary. Maruins is situated on the left bank of the Machados, several journeys
• Accordiug to Von I'elzelu (op. cit. p. 392, note) A. K. Feireira visited, between 17S3 ami 1T93, tlie
Madeira and C.uapov^ Rivers. His collections are said to have gone to Lisbon, but, as far as I am aware,
bave never been reported upon.
17
( 258 )
above the waterfalls, where, according to Jlr. Hofl'inaiins, the asjiect of tiie coiiiitry
changi's. While the Maileira anil tlie lower Machados flow through level comiti'V,
there are many isolated hill-ranges and rocks on the npper course of the latter river.
A tborongh exploration of this district, from which Mr. Hoffmanns was prevented
througli bad health, would certainly yield a rich harvest to the naturalist. Sauta
Maria do Marmellos is a village on the left bank of the Madeira, and Manicore
(Las Oncas), wliere, liowever, but a few skins were secured, is again on the right
side, below the month of the Rio Manicore.
The greater part of the material thus gained came into the possession of the
Tring'Mnsenm. The lot from IMarniiis, together with a few skins from Marmellos
and Allianca, as well as the dujilicates from Calama, have been acijuired by the
Zoological Museum of Munich, while a smill number of specimens went to ('ouiit
Berlepsch's collection.
Mr. Hofi'manns, I regret to say, did not live to see the results of his labours
appear before the scientific ])ublic. Shortly after his return to Crefeld he contracted
a severe chill, which rapidly developed into i)neumonia and ended fatally on
Jannary 18, 1909. His premature death is a serious loss to science, and especially
to ornithology, which is indebted to him for many striking novelties, e.g. Pipra
ej^qiiisita, P. Iiojf'mrinitsi, Anoplops liojfmannsi, etc. Wilhelm Hoffmanns was born
in Crefekl, Germany, in 1865, and from his earliest youth professed a great taste
for natural history and collecting. On leaving school he entered the service of a
commercial establishment in Crefeld, where he remained as clerk for several years,
but he gave up this post and went to Peru, where he made large collections of
insects and birds. In later years Hoffmanns was more particularly interested in
ornithology, and the long list of papers which I contributed to this journal on his
researches speaks well for his energy and zeal. His eminently truthful character
and straightforwarilness endeared him to all who had to do with him, and will make
us even more strongly feel the loss of so faithful a friend.
II. ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES.
1. Turdus phaeopyg'us phaeopygus Cab.
Turilus phaeopt/giis Cabanis in Schomburgk, Hisen in lirit. Guiana, iii. p. CGG(1848. — Brit. Guiana) ;
Pelzeln. Znr Ornilh. Bnisih ii. 1868. p. 93 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, .V«(j. Zonl. xiv. 1907. p. 344
(Humaytha).
Nos. 89, 322. S ad., 6 imm., Calama, 21. vi., 1. viii. 1907. "Iris brown,
feet black or plumbeous, bill black."— Wing 105, 100 ; tail 88, 83 ; bill 16, 17 mm.
Agreeing well with our series from British Guiana and the Caura Valley,
Eastern Venezuela.
2. Turdus ig^nobilis debilis Hellm.
Tardus if/ifiliili^iMiilis Hellmayr, Jouru.f. Oruitli. \'M>2. p. 5G (1902.— Salto Theotonio, Rio Madeira
— Natierer coll ).
T. Poileanii (nee Bonaparte *) Pelzeln, Zur Ornilh. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 94 (Salto Theotonio).
No. 079. <S ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 11. x. 19()7. " Iris brown, feet and bill
black."— Wing lOoJ ; tail 81 ; bill 18 mm.
• Tardus Pniteauii Lesson, Traiti d'Ornith. p. 409 (mm. nutl.) ; Bonaparte, I\'ote» Coll. Ornith.
Velaltre. 18.51. p. 2S ; rucheran, Arch. Mus. Pari.t, vii. 1855. p. 377-, idem. Jirr. Mug. Zool. (2) x. 1858.
p. 4lil. — I have examined the two original specimens, both from Cayenne (1822), in tUe Paris Museum.
One is ?'.^.^)/(aeo/)y(;H» Cab., while tlie otlier, mentioned as PI. (J'.) amauroehaUnus by Bon.aparte and
Pucheran, belongs to T. alhtvotfvr Hpix.
( 259 )
This bird is practically identical with others from Eastern Ecuador and
Northern Peru. Compared with a series of true T. i. iynobilis 8cl. from Bogotd
collections, it fully bears out the distinctive characters as given /.(?. See also ray
remarks in Nov. Zool. xiii. 1900, p. 6.
T. i. (hhilis ranges from Eastern Ecuador through Northern and Central Peru
to N.W. Brazil (Rio Puri'is and Rio Madeira). Occasionally it is also met with in
Bogota collections (cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906, p. 5).
'i. Turdus amaurochalinus fab.
Timhia amanrochaliniis Cabanis, ^^us, Hrinean. i. p. 5 (1850. — " Brasilien ").
No.'668. ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 10. x. 1907. " Iris brown, feet grey,
bill blackish, base of lower mandible yellowish." — Wing Hi) ; tail 92 ; bill 20 mm.
This bird agrees perfectly witli a series from iS.E. Brazil and Corrientes,
Argentine. It difters from the specimen of T. i. debilis obtained at S. Isabel by
Mr. Hoffmanns by its longer wings and tail, blackish loral spot, pnre white chin
(without any brown striations), much broader and more blackish brown stripes on
the throat, ranch paler, bufty brownish instead of plain ashy breast and sides, clear
ochraceons bnff (not greyish brown) under wing-coverts, and by having well-defined,
bright ochraceons edges to the inner webs of the remiges, altogether absent in
T. i. debilis. The bill, too, is not uniform blackish, the basal half of the lower
mandible being clear yellowish brown ; there is also a spot of pale brown on the
culmen near the tip.
This is, so far as I know, the first record of T. ftmanrochalinu.i from any
Amazonian locality, though its occurrence on the Rio Madeira is not to be
wondered at, for it was well known as an inhabitant of Northern Bolivia on the
headwaters of tliat river. I expect, moreover, that T. brunneus Lawr. * will also
prove to belong to T. amaurocliulinH.i.
It is highly interesting to meet with T. aimurochalinus and T. i. debilis in the
same locality. TheVe can be no longer any doubt about their specific ilistinctness.
4. Turdus hauxwelli T-awr.
Tiinlus hauxwelii Liwrence, Ann. Liir. .\.il. 11, . I. X.,r Y.nh, i.-c. p. -li',', (Aug. 186.1.— Pebas, N.E.
Pern); Seebohm, Cut. Binh Br'il. Miis. v. 1881. p. 217 (Iquitos, Peru); Sharpe-Seebohm,
Moiiof/i: Turd. i. p. 251 (Eastern Peru) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zuol. xiv. 1907. p. 40 (Teff^) ; idem,
I.e. p. ;)44 ({lumaytha, Rio Madeira) ; Snethlage, ,/oiini.f. Oniith. 1908. p. 7 (Cachoeira, Ponlo
Alegre, Rio Purru).
Hernia hmiTicelli Iberiiig, .)fiis. Paiilist. vi. 1905. p. 430 (Rio Jurnd).
Turdus fn:ni(i(iti(S (nee hkbt.) Sclater & S%Wm, P. Z. S. Lmid. 1860. p. 177 (Nauta, N. Peru);
iidera, I.e. 1873. p. 255 (Nauta, Ohamicuros, Santa Cruz, Pebaa).
Merulttfuntirjalu lian.cu\'}lii Allen, Bull. Amer. .\Ius. ii. 1889. p. 78 (Reyes, Beni R., North Bolivia).
No. 708. ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 10. x. 1907. "Iris brown, feet dark
grey, bill green."— Wing 113 ; tail 92 ; bill 18i mm.
No. S2. Adult (not sexed), (jalama, 21. vi. 19117. " Iris brown, feet brownish
grey, bill dark brown." — Wing 110 ; tail 9(1 ; bill 19 ram.
No. 407. ? juv., Calama, 27. vii. 1907. " Iris brown, feet greyish brown, bill
blackish."— Wing 107 ; tail 84 ; bill l8i mm.
Besides these I have examined the following specimens of T. liau.cweLli : two
topotypical S$ ad. from Pebas, coll. tJastelnau & Deville (one in the Paris, the
other in the British Museum) ; ? ad., Itpiitos (H. Whitely, jun., coll.), ¥ ad., Santa
• lUs, Xi'y, p. D7. tab. i. (Upper Amazons).
( 260 )
Crnz, Uca.vali (E. Bartlett coll.), both in tlie British Musenm ; <? ad., Teflfe, Rio
SolimoCns, c? ad., Hiimaytha, Hio Madeira, left bank (W. Hoft'mauns coll.), in
Tring Museum; ¥ ad., Rio Juruil, W. Brazil (coll. E. tiarbe), belonging to the
Musen Paulista ; and three adults from the Rio Puri'is : c? ? Cachoeira, eJ Bom
Lngar, preserved in the Mnsen Goeldi at Pani.
This series fully corroborates what I said in Xor. Zoo/, xiv. I'JOT, p. 40. The
upper parts are always lighter or darker " luummy-brown " (Ridgw. t. iii. fig. 10) ;
foreneck, breast, and sides " wood-brown " (Ridgw. t. iii. fig. 19) or earthy brown
with a slight rufescent tinge ; the middle of the abdomen is largely white, the under
tail-coverts white with dark brown bases. The axillaries and under wing-coverts
are ochraceous buff, or wood-brown washed with pale ochraceous at the tips.
Sometimes there is a narrow, ill-defined, bnft' edge along the inner web of the
remiges, but in most specimens the latter is iinite or nearly uniform greyish.
The young bird (No. -107), when compared with 7'. fiimujatus in corresponding
age, shows the distinctive characters even more strongly emphasized than the
adults. In Nos. 708 and 82 some hairlike filaments are to be seen among the
normal feathers of the nape. This particularity has also been noticed by
Lichtenstein in the allied 7\ fumigatiis*
The female of T. leiicops Tacz. bears a striking likeness to T. hauxivelli, but,
on closer examination, may easily be distinguished by the deep orange under wing-
coverts, more regular and darker, blackish brown stripes of the throat, and
especially by the different wing-formula, the third, fourth, and fifth primaries
being longest, and the second ei|nal to the sixth. In T. liaiixiceUi, on the other
hand, the fourth and fifth form the tip, the sixth is but from 2 to 3 mm. shorter,
while the second falls between the seventh and eighth primaries.
It is a curious fact that Mr. Hoffmanns should have met with T. hauxwelli
in the Rio Madeira district, while Natterer, eighty years ago, obtained its ally,
T. fumif/atus, at nearly the same places {vide infra).
T. ltau.vwelU has evidently a wide range in Amazonia. Unlike so many other
Upper Amazonian types, it inhabits the left (Ilumaytha) as well as the right bank
(S. Isabel, Calama) of the Rio Madeira. Farther to the west it was obtained by
Garbe on the Rio .Turua, and by the expeditions of the Goeldi Musenm on the
Upper Purus. Hofl'manns sent a specimen from TefFe, Rio Solimoens. In Peru
several naturalists — E. Bartlett, Castelnau k Deville, Hauxwell, and Whitely —
secured specimens on the bauks of the Maranon, at Ii|uitos, Pebas, Nanta, Samiria,
etc. The first-named of these travellers also took an example near Santa Cruz,
on the Ucayali, and Dr. Allen records two specimens from Reyes, on the liio Beni,
Northern Bolivia.
[ii. Tardus fumigatus fumigatus Licht.
Turdus/umigalus Lichtenstein, I'o-;. Dtibl. Berliner Mux. p. 3S (1823. — " Brasilia") ; Pelzeln, Ziir
Oniilli. Bras. ii. 1808. p. 'J4 (Engenbo do Gama, S. Vicente, Borba).
1. c? ad., Borba, right bank of the Rio Madeira, June 21, 1830 (Natterer
coll.).— Wing 112 ; tail 9.5 ; bill 20 mm.
2. ? ad., Borba, Angnst 3, 1830 (Natterer coll.).— Wing 100; tail 90; bill
18 mm.
3. iS imm., Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso, September lS29 (Natterer coll.). —
Wing 110; tail 90; bill 19 mm.
• Verz. Ditbl. Berliner Mu). 1S23. p. 38. No. 438.
( 261 )
4. ? ad., Engeiiho do Gama, July 1S20 (Natterer coll.).— Wing 110; tail
95 mm.
5. ? ad., S. Vicente, Guapore, December 1829 (Natterer coll.).— Wing 110;
tail 00 ; bill 10 mm.
These five specimens which belong to the Vienna Bluseiim are i[iiite distinct
from Mr. Hoffmanns' skins of '/'. kaiixiveUi. The upper parts are much more richly
coloured, being deep cinnamomeous or ochreons brown, the axillaries and under
tail-coverts bright orange, the inner webs of the quills broadly edged with
ochraceous buff. The general colour of the under surface is also quite different,
bright cinnamomeous brown passing into ochraceous in the middle of the abdomen ;
the throat is buff, striped with russet-brown (instead of whitish, with olive- or
earthy brown streaks), and the under tail-coverts are buff or ochraceous, broadly
edged with rnsset-brown. The three skins from the Guapore (Nos. 3-5) differ
slightly fi'om the Borba couple by having the middle line of the abdomen white,
and the under tail-coverts also mixed with whitish. In this respect they agree
with an adult from Itaituba, Kio Tapajoz.]
[6. Donacobius atricapillus (Linn.).
Turdus alricapillus Linnaeus, .s'ys/. Xnl. xii. 1. p. -",15 (1766. — ex Brisson : "Cap. boni spei " —
errore ! We substitute Cai/enne).
Donarohht^ atrirapillus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 49 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Widely distributed in Northern South America from Bolivia and Mattogrosso
northward to Venezuela.]
T. Heleodytes tuvdinus hypostictus (Gould).
[Opetiorhyndius tiirdinus Wied, Reise Bnisil. ii. p. 148 (1821. — Rio Doce, Espiritu Santo; Rio
Catole, Bahia. — Cf. my revision of Spix's types, p. 626.]
Camptjlnrhi/iicliiis hi/posfhins Gould, Proc. Zooh Sor, LnnrI . xxiii. 1855. p. 68 (1855. — Rio Ucayali,
Eastern Peru).
Heleodi/ti'i tiu-dhnis hypostictas Hellmayr, Nor. Zonl, xiv. p. 345 (Humaytha).
Campyhirhijnchus variegahts Pelzeln, Zur Orii. Bras. i. p. 49 (Borbi).
No. 1067. S vix ad., Manicor^ (right bank), 24. viii. 1908. " Iris clear
browu, feet dark grey, bill grey." — Wing 86 ; tail 80J ; bill 21 mm.
No. 446. c? ad., Calaraa, 24. viii. 1907. "Iris yellowish red, feet grey, bill
black, below grey." — Wing 02 ; tail 88 ; bill 22 mm.
Madeira specimens agree well with the Peruvian ones.
[8. Leucolepis modulator modulator (D'Orb.).
Thri/othorus niodvlalor D'Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux, p. '230 (Oct. 1838. — Yuracares, Yunga?,
Bolivia).
Leucnhpia modulator rufnrpdariy (errore ! — nee Des Jlurs) Hellmayr, Nov. Zonl. xiv. 1907. p. 346
(Humaytha).
Left bank of the Madeira : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
The adult male obtained at Humaytha in 1006 has been erroneously referred
to L. m ru/ogtilnris. Having once more examined the material in the Berlepsch,
Paris, and Tring Museums, including the types of T. modulator D'Orb. and
Sarochalinus ru/ogulayis Des Murs,* I have come to the conclusion that if modulator
from Bolivia and rufogidaris from Eastern Peru and N.W. Brazil (TeffS, etc.) be
• Castelnau's Voyai/e, Oiseaux, p. 40. pi. xvii. fig. 1 (1S56.— Sarayacu, Eastern rem).
( 262 )
kept distinct, the Hnmaytlia ijird lias to go witli the former. In fact, on comparing
three adults from Bolivia with Mr. Hoffmanns' specimen, I find that they agree
in having the forrnginons colonr below restricted to the throat and forenerk, and
the abdomen of a rather pale rufescent brown ; while in skins from Pern and Teffe
the ferrnginons is exieuded farther down the middle of tlie chest, and the abdomen
is decidedly deeper rnfons brown. Adults of both forms show the cheeks and
ear-coverts uuilbrra deep ferrnginons.
Leucolepis modtilatof salrini (Sharpe),* from Eastern Ecnador ( Hio Jsapo") and
S.E. Colombia (Cnembi, Rio Putuma_vo),t differs from both by having the cheeks
and ear-coverts deep olive-brown without any ferruginous, and by its darker
wings. In the e.xtent of the ferruginous colour on the lower parts it resembles
L. m. riifogularis.']
0. Leucolepis modulator griseolateralis (Hidgw.).
Cyphorhinm griseolateralin Ridgway, Pror. U.S. Xnl. .M'lx. x. 1887. p. 518 (1888. — Diamantina
near Santarem, Rio Tapajoz).
No. 946. c? ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, L'7. vi. I'.iijs.— Wing 6;? ; tail (moulting)
34 : bill ITi mm.
Nos. 174, 348, 428. 6 i ad., 6 imm., (Vilama, 0. vii., T, 10. viii. I'.IOT.— Wing
65—67 ; tail 37—30 ; bill 17— 17i mm.
Nos. 175, 352, 427. ? ? ad. and imm., Calaina, (i. vii., s, 10. viii. 10M7.— Wing
62—64; tail 34-36; bill 1.5J— 17 mm.
No. 962. ? juv., Maruins, 30. vi. 1908.— Wing 62 ; tail 34; bill 17 mm.
" Iris brown, feet dark or blackish brown, bill black, below grey.''
This series differs from L. m. modnlafor by the clearer brown, less rufescent
npper parts, and earthy brown or ashy (instead of dark olive-brown) sides of the
neck, breast, and abdomen. Moreover, the superciliary stripe, instead of being
uniform deep ferruginous, is buffy white in its posterior jiortion, and the wiiigs are
shorter. - Like L. m. modulator, the ferruginous colour is confined to the throat and
foreneck ; the cheeks and ear-coverts are ferruginous, with some slight brownish
fctreaks near the npper border of the auricular patch.
The specimens tally well with Ridgway 's description, excejit that in none of
them is the " hindneck tinged with greyish," nor can the lower portion of the
auriculars be termed " dull light greyish, very indistinctly striped with darker."
These slight discrepancies may, however, disappear on actual comparison.
The series presents a considerable amount of variation, chiefly in the coloration
of the lower parts. Nos. 040 and 348 have the breast and abdomen dull ashy,
passing into dingy whitish grey in the middle of the chest, and very slightly tinged
with pale brownish on the flanks. In the other specimens the belly is pale earthy
brown, with the flanks more decidedly olive-brown, and the middle of the chest
sometimes paling to dull bnffy. The under tail-coverts are generally bright
cinnamon-rufous, but in two skins (Nos. 348 and 427; scarcely more rufescent than
the abdomen. The intensity of the feirngiuous colour of the throat, forepart of
the crown, etc., is rather variable ; the brown of the back is sometimes shaded with
olive, etc. The maxilla is black, the mandible yellowish.
The young bird (Xo. 062) differs very markedly from modnlator juv. (e.t
• ri/phorkinux salvini .Sharpe, Cat. Biril.^ Brit. Miis. vi. p, 292. pi. xviii. fig. 1 (1881.— Ho Xapo,
Eastern Ecuador).
t There are twj adults from this locality, collected by G. Hopke, in Mm"!. II. v. Berleps'-h.
( 263 )
Bolivia) by its much paler belly, the breast beiiij; dull rusty buff, the iuner sides
and flanks light rufescent olive-brown.
L. modidatfli- griaeolateralis replaces L. m. modtdator on the right bank of the
Rio Madeira, ranging eastward as far as Sautaiem, south bank of the Amazons.
10. Thryothorus genibarbis genibarbis Sw.
Thrijothorus geiiibarhis Swainson, Aiiim. in Menag. p. 'ii2 (1838. — " Brazil ").
Thryothorm melanoi (nee Vieillot) Pelzslii, Zw Oni. Bras. i. p. 48 (part. : Borba).
No. 671. rj iram., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, It), x. 1007.— Wing (33; tail 5Ci ;
bill 18 mm.
No. 646. ? ad., S. Isabel, 8. s. 1907.— Wing 59 ; tail 66 ; bill 16i mm.
No. 380. Jnv., Calama, 11. viii. 1907.— Wing 59 ; tail 48 ; bill 15^, mm.
No. 717. ? pull., S. Isabel, 19. x. 19U7.— Wing 59 ; tail 49 ; bill 14 mm.
" Iris red (671), reddish brown (646), brown (380, 717) ; feet plumbeous (adult),
brownish Vilaek (juv.) ; bill black, below grey.''
These birds agree, in size and coloration, with typical T. geiiibarbis from
Bahia, except that the pileum and nape are distinctly rufescent brown, instead
of sooty. An adult male from Borba (Natterer coll.), however, is not different
on this score. The young bird, in nestling plumage, very closely resembles the
same stage of 7'. corayn (Gm.).
T. g. qenibarbis ranges from Bahia north to l'ar;i, and westwards to the
right bank of the Madeira (Borba, Calama, S. Isabel).
[11. Thryothorus genibarbis juruanus Ihering.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 345 (Humaytha).
Represents the foregoing on the left bank of the Madeira : Humaytha
(Hoffmanns;. It differs by its longer wings and rather paler under parts, yet
its validity requires confirmation by a larger series.]
VZ. Thryophilus albipectus albipectus (Cab.).
Thryolhorm albijnrlim Cabanis in S;hombargk, R^-^xni in Biit. GiOan'i hi. p. G73 (1848.—
Cayenne).
Thrijnphilus lartiiop/rm Ridgway, Pyo,-. U.S. X,it. .Vm. x, 1887. p. 518 (1888.— Diamantiua near
Santarem, Tapajdz).
Thri/olhorus leiinili.i (nee Lifi-esnaye) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 47 (Salto do Girao, Barra do Rio Madeira).
" Thrijophilui iilbipeelu.i sub;p." Hellmayr, Xnr. Zoo!, xiv. p. 345 (Humaytha).
No. 686. (? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 12. x. 1907.— Wing 67 ; tail 48 ;
bill 19 mm.
No. 460. 6 ad., Calama, 26. viii. 1907.— Wing 64 ; tail 48 mm.
No. 872. ? ? juv., Marmellos, 27. xii. 1907.— Wing 61 ; tail 43 ; bill
16J mm.
" Iris reddish brown (adulrj, greyish brown (872) ; feet and bill greyish black,
lower mandible grey.''
The specimens agree, in every detail, with a large series of T. albipectas, from
Para and Venezuela (Caura Valley), in the Munich Museum. Natterer's examples
from Barra do Rio Madeira and Manaos, as well as two adult males from the Upper
PuTus (Bom liUgar, Monte Verde), are rather <larker ochraceous below than the
majority of our Caura and Guianan skins, but some of the latter match them
exactly. The skins from Humavtha, S. Isabel, and Calama, on the other hand,
( 264 )
resemble average specimens of T. albipectas, in the paleness of the lower parts,
the tinge of the back, etc. la view of this great iudivitlual variation I consider
it impossible to separate the Amazonian race T. taenioptera.
T. a. albipectus is thns seen to inhabit Cayenne, Surinam, British Ciuiana, and
Eastern Yeneznela (Canra), and to range southwards to the main valley of the
Amazons (from Para to Manaos) and its sonthern tributaries (Tocautins, Tapajuz,
Rio Madeira, and Pnn'is).
On the Rio Juruil and iu Eastern Peru, however, a siuall, darker lorm is met
with. C'f. yov. Zool. xiv. 1907, p. 3.
[i:i. Odontorhynchus cinereus Pelz.
Oihintorhynchus cinereus Pelzela, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. G7 (1867. — Salto do Girao).
Right bank : Salto do Girao (Natterer).
Thanks to the kindness of my friend Dr. Lorenz, I have been enabled to
examine the type belonging to the Vienna Museum. Though quite distinct
generically, Odontorhiinchua is perhaps nearest to Tknjophilus, but may bi'
readily distinguished by the strongly curved cnlmen with a very distinct sub-
terminal notch. The style of coloration, too, is very different. The type, an
immature female, measures : wing 52 ; tail 40 A ; bill \'l mm
The Paris Museum possesses a male obtained on the Kio Javarri in
1846, by Castelnau and Devilie. It is larger (wing .50 mm., tail incomplete),
with a]>parently a broader, stronger bill (which, however, is much damaged by
the shot), the upper parts rather more of an olive-grey, the cross-bands of the
tail much broader, the lower parts dull light grey (instead of white), etc. Until
additional specimens come to hand it cannot be decided whether the Javarri bird
is specifically identical with 0. cinereus or not.]
14. Troglodytes musculus clarus Berl. & Hart.
[Troglodi/les musculus Xaumann, Vwj. Deutsrhl. iii. p. 724. table (1823. — Babia).]
Troglodijtes musculus clarus Berlepsch & Hartert, Nor. Zool. ix. p. 8 (I*J02. — Bartica Grove,
British Guiana).
No. 730. cJ ad., Calama, 26. x. 1907. "Iris greyish browu, feet grey, bill
black, below greyish red." — Wing 52 ; tail 38 ; bill 14 mm.
Agrees in coloration with our large series from Panl, Venezuela (Caura,
Cumana), Trinidad, etc. This is the first record from the Rio Madeira, and the
southernmost locality of the species in Brazil.
Farther to the south, on the Rio Gnapore (Villa Bella de Mattogrosso), in
Western Mattogrosso (Cuyaba, etc.), and Eastern Bolivia, it is replaced by
T. musculus rex Berl. & Lev.*
15. Oporornis ag^ilis (Wilson).
Si/lvia aijilis Wilson, Anifr. Oriiith. v. p. 64. pi. 39. fig. 4 (1812. — Connecticut ; Pennsylvania near
Philadelphia).
No. 789. ((?) imm., Allianca, T>. xi. 10U7. "Iris browu, feet greyish brown,
bill blackish, below grey." — Wing 71 ; tail 47 ; bill llj mm.
This bird I have compared with specimens from Cambridge (Mass.), Illinois,
* 7'./7iri'«* Gm. subsp. n. rex Berlepsch & Leverkiihn, (?rttM vi. p. 6 (1890. — Saruaipata, E. BoliviT) ;
'Jliri/othorus jilatensis (eTTOie l) I'elzeln, i'«r Oni. Bras. i. p. 48 (part.; Mattogrosso, Cuyabli : specimens
examined).
( 26,3 )
Wisconsin, and Tonantins, Amazonas,* from all of which it slightly differs by
having the throat more mixed with whitish, and the bases of the jngular feathers
dull cinereous. Otherwise it agrees, in size and coloration, with females and
immature males. Count Berlepscb, to whom it has been submitted, also declares
it to be 0. aijilis.
Allianca is the most southerly winter record of the species. An adult female
was obtained, in 1SS4, by Gastav Garlepp at Tonantins, on the Rio Solimoeas.*
16. Basileuterus fulvicauda semicervinus Scl.
[J[uscicapa fttliicauda Spix, Av. Bi-a<:. ii. p. 20. pi. xxviii. fi?. 2 (1825.— no locality ; cf. Hellmayr
Abhandl. Bayer. Akj.d. Wi^sen<!ch. II. Kt. xxii. 3. p. 652).]
Basileuterus semicerviiris Solater, Proc. Zwl. S.yc. Loul. 18S0. p. 8t (1830. — Ninegal, We.stera
Ecuador).
No. 498. cf ad., Calama, 31. viii. lOUT.— Wing 6s ; tail 5.5 ; bill 12A mm.
" Iris brown, feet light brown, bill black."
This bird agrees with specimens from Nanegal and other localities in Western
Ecuador in having the supraloral and superciliary stripe deep fawn-colour, and the
lower parts somewhat lighter fawn with the middle of the belly largely white. It
differs, however, by tlie clearer olive-green back, and by the rather wider dusky
apical band of the rectrices, which besides is strongly tinged with olive-green as in
B.f.fiilriraudn. Without additional material it is, of coarse, impossible to say if
these differences are of any value; but the close resemblance of the Calama bird in
itself is a remarkable fact, since in Eastern Ecuador fand probably in other districts
of Upper Amazonia) we meet with the well-characterized B. f. fidcicciuda (see I.e.
pp. 652-3). The latter appears to have a peculiarly restricted range. All specimens
examined by me (two in the British Museum, one in Mus. H. v. Berlepschi are
from Eastern Ecuador, but Spix's type is supposed to have been obtained on the
Rio Soliraoens or one of its brauches (Iga or Caqueta).
On the other hand, B. f. semicervinus is widely distributed in Colombia and
Western Ecuador. I have before me twenty-seven specimens from Bogota, W.
Colombia (Juntas, Jimenez, Sipi, province Chocu), and Ecuador (Nanegal, Paramba,
('achal)i, Chimbo, etc.), belonging to the Tring and Munich collections. The
late Dr. Sliarpe t referred two Si from Eastern Peru (Santa Cruz, Chyavetas)
to B. iiropi/gialis { — fahicauda), but I doubt the correctness of this identification,
for these birds are more likely to belong with B. /. semicercinus or with
B. f. poliothri.c Berl. & Stolzm.t
IT. Granatelliis pelzelni pelzelni Scl.
Graiiatellus pelzelni Sclater, P.Z.S. Loud. 1864. p. 606. tab. .S7. fig. 1 (1865.— Destacamento
(erroneously spelt Destaramento) do Ribeiraj, River Mideira) ; PeUeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. iii.
1860, p. 216 (Destar. do Ribeiiao, Salto do (iirao).
G.p. pehiJni Hellmayr, Not: Zoul. xiv. 1907. p. .346 (Borbi).
Nos. 150, 726. (S ad., S vix ad., Calama, 2. vii., 23. x. 1907. "Iris brown,
feet black, bill black, lower mandible grey." — Wing 55, 54 ; tail 54, 53 ; bill
11, lOJ mm.
• Bcvlepscb, Journ.f. Ornith. 1889. p. 118 (not p. 2 !».< cited by Ridgway).
t Cat. Birds Brit. Miis. x. pp. 40,i-(j.
X B.nropygialis poliothriic Berlepsch & Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Hoc. Loud. 1896. p. '331 (189G.— La
Gloria, Chanchamayo, Central Peru).
( 266 )
No. 536. c? ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 11. ix. 1907. " Iris brown, feet
grey, bill blacki.sh gre}-." — Wing .J.J ; tail .Jl ; bill HH mm.
No. 152. ? ad., Calama, 2. vii. 1007. " Iris brown, feet and 1iill blackish."—
AVing 54 ; tail 53 ; bill 10| mm.
This series, which is to be considered topot_vi)ital, does not differ iu any way
from C'aura e.\ample<. In the malos, the slate-grey of the flanks is separated by a
distinct white strijie fmm the rosy red colour of tlie belly, forehead and crown are
glossy black, and behind the eye there is a broad, lengthened stripe of white. The
distinctness of G. p. paraensis Rothsch.* is thus fully confirmed. The range of the
two forms is as follows : —
(a) G. p. pelzelni Sol.
North Bolivia : Falls of the Madeira (Rusby).t North Brazil : Destacameuto
do Ribeirao, Salto do Girao (Natterer), Borba, Calama (Hoffmanns), on the Rio
Madeira; Jamarysinho, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns); Itaitiiba (Hoffmanns, J
Snethlage§), Villa Braga (Snethlage §), Hio Tapajoz ; Arnraathena, left bank
of Tocantins (Snethlage li). British Gniana : Camacnsa (H. Whitely, jun. 1).
Venezuela**: Mnuduapo, Orinoco (Cherrie) ; Suapure (Klages), La Priciou.
La Union, Nicare (.\ndre), Canra River.
(b) G. p. paraensis Rothsch.
N.E. Brazil : Prata near Para (Hoffmanns *).
1?. Pachysylvia thoracica semicinerea (Scl. it Sal v.).
\Hylophilus thoi-aeiciis Temmiack, Rec. PI. col. livr. 2?. tab. 17.^. fig. I (1822. — " Bre'sil," sc. Rio de
Janeiro ; cf. A'ov. Zool . xv. 1908. p. 20).]
Hylophilus semtchi'revs Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. 5. Land. 1867. p. 670. tab. xxx. fig. 2 (Para).
//. Morao(C«s (nee Temmiack) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. ISSS, p. 70 (part. : Salto do Girao,
Borba : Rio Madeira) ; cf. Nor. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. olii.
No. 64.\ S ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8. x. UMiT. " Iris light yellow, feet clear
brown, bill dark grey." — Wing iyS : tail 47 ; bill ]'■) ram.
No. 716. J juv., S. Isabel, in. -x. IO07. "Iris white, feet light grey, bill
black."— Wing 66 ; tail oU ; bill 11 mm.
The differences noticed between topotypical Para specimens and those from
more westerly localities (/ r.) do not prove to be constant. The adult cf is practically
identical with several skius from Pani.
The young bird, whose back is still partly covered with the flufl'y, brownish
feathers of the nestling plnmage, has the bill mnch shorter, narrower, and entirely
black (instead of pale brown). The rectrices, too, are longer, distinctly pointed, and
interiorily edged with pale yellowish.
• Bull. Brit. O. C. xvi. 1906. p. 81 (Prata, Pari) ; Hellmavr, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1006. p. 355.
t Allen. Bid!. Amer. Mm. jV.Y. ii. 1S»9. p. 79.
t Hfillraayr. Niir. XooJ. xiv. 1907. p. 5,
§ Snethlage, Jutirii.f. Ornith. 190R. p. 497.
II Eadem, I.e. p. 521.
IT Salvin, Ihis 1885. p. 204.
•• Berlepsch & Hartert, .Vot-. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 10.
(267 )
The range of P. f. scmici nerea is as follows : —
Lower Amazons: Para (Wallace, Layard, Suetblage), Prata near Para
(Hoffmanns) ; Itaituba, left bank of the E. Tapajoz (Hoffmanns, Snethlage) ; Eio
Madeira : Borba, Salto do Girao (Natterer), S. Isabel (Hoffmanns).
19.
Pachysylvia rubrifrons (Sil. & Salv.).
Hylophibis riihrifrnns Sclater & Salvin, P.Z. S. Loivl. 1867. p. 569. tab. xx\. fig. 1 [1867.— " River
Amazons (1850) " — Wallace coll.— sc. Rio Negro •].
B.feryiigineifroiix (nee Sclater) Pelzeln, Zur Oniith. Braf. ii. 1868. p. 70 (Rio Negro below Santa
Barbara ; Para).f
No. 344. (? juv., Calaraa, 7. viii. 10U7. " Iris brown, feet and bill grey." —
Wing 57 ; tail 42 ; bill 13f mm.
No. 1009. <S vi.\ ad., Blaruins, 13. vii. 1908. "Iris dark brown, feet pale
yellowish grey, bill black, below grey." — Wing 59 ; tail 42J ; bill 12Jt mm.
No. 1023. Adult (not sexed), Marnins, 16. vii. 1908. "Iris brown, feet pale
gre}', bill grey." — Wing fjl ; tail 44 ; bill 13i mm.
These specimens present very little variation i/ifrr .sr. I have compared
No. 344 with the tyjie in tlie British Museum, and found them identical except that
in the latter the throat and forcneck are somewhat darker, more buffy brownish,
less yellowish, and the back of a rather duller green. These slight divergencies are
certainly due to difference of age, for the type is a very young bird, this being
proved by the fluffy te.xtnre of the nape-feathers and the rusty sntfusion of the niidcr
tail-coverts. In fully or nearly adult birds (Nos. 1023, 1009) the latter are clear
yellow, the back is rather brighter green, and the throat buffy yellow.
The figure in the -P. Z. S. 1867 is wholly misleading : throat and foreneck
being represented as pale ferruginous, while they are buffy brownish in the type,
the wings being far too rnfous, etc.
P. rubrifrons is most nearly related to P. luteifrons (Scl.), from British
Guiana and Cayenne, bnt differs in having the frontal and sujjraloral stripe deeja
cinnamon-rufous (not dingy ochraceous buff), the upper parts of a clearer greeu
(without any brownish shade), the cheeks and car-coverts decidedly isabelline
(instead of greyish olive), the tail much brighter russet-brown, the throat muck
more tinged with buff, etc.
/'. Jcmiijineifrons (>Scl.), from Bogota and V'cueiiuela, also bears a certain
likeness to P. rubrifrons, but may readily be distinguished by its duller, rnfescent
brown tail, greyish olive cheeks and ear-coverts, whitish throat, greyish white (not
yellowish) belly, and especially by the rufous colour of the forehead being ranch
duller and continued over the crown.
The range of P. rubrifrons, as known at jjresent, is as follows : —
North Brazil : Rio Negro (Wallace), below Santa Barbara, Rio Negro
(Natterer). Rio Jfadeira \ : Oalama ; Marnins on the Rio Machados (Hoffmanns).
Para (Natterer, Snethlage).
* The type was certainl.v obtained on the Rio Segro, for we learn from Travels on tlie Amazons aiil.
liio Negro, 1853, p. 163, that Mr. Wallace arriveSatthe cit.v of Barra do Rio Xegro on December 31, 1R49,
and spent all the year 1S50 in explorations on that river.
t Although the specimens are no longer to be found in the Vienna Museum, there can be scarcely any
dnnht that they are rather referable to P. riihrifrons, for it is this species that was obtained hy
Mr. Wallace on the Rio Negro, and more recently by Miss Snethlage in the vicinity of Tarit.
X Farther to the west, on the Rio Junia, however, P. femginnfrom (Scl.) is found. A specimen in
the Museu Paulista, kindly sent for my inspection by Professor H. v. Ihering, agrees perfectly with the
series from BogotA and the Caura Valley in the Munich Museum.
( 268 )
2ft. Pachysylvia muscicapina griseifrons Saethl.
[fJi/lophi!us mwscicapinua Sclater & Salvia, Noinencl. Av. Neotrnp. p. 156 (1873. — Cayenne).]
Pachyxijlria miixriicnpina griseifinns?,aeih\a,ge, Oin. Mniibfr. XT. p. 160(1907. — Villa Braga, left bank
of the R. Tapajoz) ; eadem, Joiirn.f. dniilh. I'.HIS. p. 497.
Nos. 897, 915. SS ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, ',', 8. vi. 1908. " Iri.-; greyi,sh
brown or brown, feet plumbeous, bill black, lower mandible gre}'." — Wing 59, 60A ;
tail 45, 45§ ; bill 13, 14 mm. (Munich Museum.)
P. m. griseil'rons appears to be a fairly well-marked form, fompared with the
series from Cayenne and the Canra Valley iu the Munich Museum, the two skins
dift'er by having the back decidedly brighter yellowish green and the sides of the
head conspicuously deeper isabelline-rufous. The chin as well as the upper throat
are scarcely different from the colour of the lower throat and foreneck, while they
are more or less whitish in the typical race. Furthermore, the dull rufescent
frontal band, more or less well pronounced in P. //>. muscicapina, is absent, the
forehead being cinereous like the crown and nape, and tlie lower tail-coverts are of
a deeper olive-yellow. There is no diflferenoe as regards size between the two
forms, whose ranges are as follows : —
{a) P. muscicapina muscicapina (Scl. & Salv.).
Cayenne ; Oyapoc (Jelski). Surinam (r? ¥ in Tring Museum, Chunkoo coll.).
Britisli Guiana: Corentyn River (Im Thurn), Bartica Grove, Camacusa (H. Whitely,
jun., coll.). East Venezuela : Suapure, La Union, La Priciou in the Caura Valley
(E. Andr^ coll.).
yb) P. muscicapina i/risci/ro»s Snethl.
North Brazil : Villa Braga, left bank of the TapajiV, (Snethlage, t//pe) ;
Maruins on the Machados, right-hand tributary of the Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns).
21. Vireo chivi (Vieill.).
Sylcia chivi Vieillot, Xoui: Did. xi. p. 174 (1817.— ex Azara : Paraguay).
Vireosylvia agilis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 73 (Borba).
No. 533. ? juv., Jamarysinho, 10. i.\. 1907. " Iris dark brown, feet grey-blue,
bill grey."
Adult birds obtained by Natterer at Borba agree well with others from
Paraguay, Brazil, etc. Cf my remarks in ]Voi\ Zool. xiii. 1906, p. 11.
[22. Vireo calidris calidris (Linn.).
Motacilla Calidris Linnaeus, .S//sV. Xat. x. p. 184 (1758. — based on Edward.s, Xat. Hisl. Birds iii.
p. 121. pi. 1'21. fij. inf. [pessima !] : Jamaica).
Vireosylvia 7ii7/stacalis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 73 (Borbu).
Natterer shot an adult male (in moult) near Borba, February 10, 1830.
Thanks to Dr. Lorenz, this bird is now before me, and proves to be an example
of \'. c. calidris. The superciliary line is bright isabelle as in a long suite from
Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Haiti, while it is much paler, dull white or bnffy
whitish in V. c. barbatula (from Cuba and Bahama Islands) and V. c. barhadcnsis
(from Santa Lncia, Guadeloupe, S. Vincent, etc.) ; cheeks and malar region are
tinged with pah; isabelline, which is not the case in the last-named races ; the
pilenm is dull brownish, the tips of the feathers edged with greenish (in I', c.
( 269 )
barbatula aud T'. c. barbadensis the pileiim is ashy grey without any greenish
shade) ; there is no trace of a dusky line above the snperciliary stripe, etc., etc.
As far as I know Borba is the most southerly record for I', c. calidvis in its
winter quarters.]
[23. Cyclarhis g'ujanensis giijanensis (Gm.).
Taiiagm giijaiieiisk Gmelin, Si/sl. A'al. 1. ii. p. 893 (1789.— ex Buffon's " Verderoux " : "Guyane").
Ci/dorliis guianeiisis Pelzelii, I.e. p. 74 (Borba).
Cyclarhis g. giijaneii.tix Hellmayr, Nnr. Zaul. xiv. p. .346 (Humaytha, Borba).
Rio Madeira: Borba (Natterer, HofFiuanns), Hnmaytha (Hoffmanns). Ranges
from Cayenne and Pari all over Amazonia to Eastern Pern.]
24. Progne chalybea chalybea (Gm.).
Hirumlo ehahiheu Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 1026 (1789.— ex Brisson, Orn. ii. p. 495. tab. 46. fig. 1,
and D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 545. fig. 2 : Cayenne).
No. 100. ? ad., Oalama, 23. vi. 1907. " Iris lirown, feet bluish lilack, bill
black."— Wing 125 ; tail (U; bill lU mm.
Agrees in colour and size with specimens from Cayenne, Uaura (Venezuela),
and Para. The southern P. chab/hea domestica (Vieill.), which occurs from Bahia
and Goyaz southwards, is much larger, the wing varying from 137 to 145, the tail
from 70 to 80 mm.
25. Progne tapera (liinn.).
Hirimdo Tapera Linnaeus, %«'. i^at. xii. 1. p. 345 (1766. — "in America," ai type locality fixed
East Brazil (ex Marcgrave) aut. Berl. & Hart. Nno. Zuol. ix. p. 14).
No. 760. ? ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1007. " Iris brownish grey, feet and bill
black."— Wing 123 ; tail 03 ; bill 11 mm.
2(1. Atticora fasciata (Gm.).
Hiriuido fasciatii Gmelin, Sysl. Nat. 1. ii. p. 1022 (1789.— ex BuBfon and D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 724.
fig. 2 : Cayenne).
Attii-ora fasciata Pelzeln, I.e. p. 18 (Rio Guapor^ above los trea barras).
Nos. 889, 890. (?c? ad., Marnins, 30. v. 1908. " Iris, feet, and bill black."—
Wing 100, 101 ; tail 72 ; bill 6 mm.
These examples differ from others obtained in British Guiana and Eastern
Venezuela ((Jaura) in smaller size, less forked tail, broader white breast-band, and
more steel-blue (less purplish) gloss of the plumage.
[27. Atticora melanoleuca (Wied).
Hirundo inelaiiohuea Wied, Reise Brasil. i. p. 345 (182lj. — Rio Belmonte, Bahia).
Atticora melanoleuca Pelzeln, I.e. p. 18 (Bananeira, Rio Mamore' ; Salto Theotonio).
Rio Madeira : Salto Theotonio (Natterer).]
28. Dacnis cayana cayana (Liun.).
Motacilla cayana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 330 (176(3, — ex Brisson [excl. syn. Hernandez]:
Cayenne).
Dacnis cayana cayana Hellmayr, Nor. Zoul. xiv. p. 346 (Hnmaytha, Borba).
D. cyanocephala Pelzeln, Znr Orn. Bras. i. p. 25 (Borba).
No. 718. ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 19.x. 19U7. "Iris brown, feet light
greyish yellow, bill black." — Wing 01 ; tail 42i ; bill 12 mm.
(270)
Specimens from the Rio Madeira agree, in colour ami size, witli the typical
Cayenne form.
29. Dacnis angelica ang^elica Bonap.*
Daciiis a/ijf/icn (De Filippi MS.) Bonaparte, Alt/ Htun. S,-i. li.d. 1S44. p. 404 nota(1845 — ''ex
Brasilia" : deser. J ad. I.
D. cayaiia (not of Linnaeus) Pelzeln, l.c. p. 25 (Salto do Girao).
No. 444. ? ad., C'alama, 23. viii. 1007. " Iris clear yellow, feet and bill
black." — Wing oT ; tail 41 ; bill In mm.
The specimen does not bear ont the charactL'rs mentioned by me in Xoe. Zool.
xii. p. 271. It is even brighter greenish on the back and sides of the belly than
Bogota skins ; besides the cheeks and throat are distinctly washed with ])ale
greenish bine. An adnlt male from Salto do (iirao (Natterer coll., Vienna Mnsenm)
is not appreciably different from others fonnd in Bogota collections.
30. Dacnis flaviventer Lafr. k D'Orb.
Dacnis Jlovireiiler Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, .b'r//i. A /■. i. in M^iy. Zoul. cl. ii. p. 21 (1837. — '• Yuracares,
rep. Boliviaua ").
Nos. 176, 662. Jd' ad., Talaina, 6. vii. l'.»o7; S. Isabel, M. x. 1907.— Wing
63 ; tail 40, 41 ; bill 12 mm.
No. 340. (J imm., Calama, 6. viii. 1907.— Wing 7)8 ; tail 41 ; bill lit mm.
Nos. 490, 720. ? ? ad., Calama, 3u. viii. 1907 ; 8. Isabel, 10. x. 1907.— Wing
G4, 61 ; tail 44, 42; bill 11, 12 mm.
No. 859. ¥ juv., Marmellos, 24. xii. I9ii7.— Wing 02 ; tail 44 ; bill 111 mm.
"Iris red or yellowish red, feet black, phimbeous (720, n.j9), bill black.''
This beantifnl bird has recently been recorded from varions localities in
Amazonia. Mr. Iloifmanns secured a couple at Teffe ; t Mr. E. Garbe a female
on the banks of the Rio Jnrna ; % ^^^ Para Museum received several examples from
the Upper Pnn'is ; § and Miss .Suethlage met with it en the island of Goyana in the
Tapajoz.JI
[31. Dacnis bicolor (Vieill.).
Sylvia iiVo/or Vieillot, (';«. Amfi: Sipl. ii. p. 32. pi. 90 bis (LSilT.— " tre3 rarement sous la zone
bor&Ie et plus comniunement entre les tropiques." — We substitute Cai/enue as type locality.
Type in Paris Museum examined).
Deiidrveca binilar Pelzeln, / .-. p. 71 (Rio Madeira).
Rio Madeira, November 1829 (Natterer).
Natterer's specimens are not different from others obtained in Venezuela and
Bahia. It may be mentioned that the two birds registered by Pelzeln s.n.
" Nemosia spec."M are young males of the present sjiecies.]
• In J\'ov. Zool. xii. 190.5, p. 271, I employed the term vielanotis for the Brazilian race, under the
erroneous assumption that D. angelica ha 1 been based on Colombian specimens. However, D. met-aiwti/i
Strickl. is apparently a synonym o£ D. angelica, while the western form is entitled to the name
arcanyelica Bonap.
f Xtn'. Zool. xiv. p. 42.
X Rccist. Mus. Paul. vi. p. 432.
§ jMrn.f. Orn. 190S. p. !l.
II L.c. p. 498.
^ Orn. Bras. iii. p. 215 (Cajutfiba near Pari).
( 271 )
32. Cyanerpes caerulea cherriei Beil. & Hart.
[Certhia caertileu Linnaeus, Si/sl. -Vi/'. x. p. U8 (1758. — ex Edwards : Surinam).]
Cyanerpes raerule I cherriei Berlepsch & Hartert, Xov. Zool. ix. p. 16 (1902. — Munduapo, Orinoco) ;
Hellmayr, I.e. xiv. p. 347 (Humaytlia).
Caereba caerulea Pelzein, I.e. p. •25 (Saltodo Girao).
No. 566. c? ad., Jamarysinho, 16. ix. 1U07. — Wing 54 ; tail 25 mm.
No. 609. ? al, S. Isabel, 2. .x. 1907.— Wing 54; tail 27 ; bill 16 mm.
Cf. Nor. Zool. xiv. pp. 42-43, where characters aud range of this form are
given.
[6'i. Chlorophanes spiza (Linn.) subsp.
Mntaeillii spiza Linnaeus, Syst. Nttl. x. p. 188 (1758. — ex Edwards : Surinam ; ex;l. var. (3).
DaciuK atricapilla Pelzein, I.e. p. 2() (Engenlio doGima, Guapore : Salto Girao).
Rio Madeira : Salto do Girao (Natterer).
I have not seen specimens from the Rio Madeira. They possibly belong to
r. s. caerulescens Cass.*]
34. Procnias viridis occidentalis Scl.
[^Ilirunilo vlriilix llliger, Protlr. Syst. Mam. el Ac. p. 229(1811. — based on " L'Hirondelle verte'
Temminck, Cat. Sysl. Cab. iVOni. et Quadriim. 1807. p. 245. No. 980: Brasilia ; = ?);
cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mas. X. V. ii. 1889. p. 70.]
Procnias iiccuhuUilis Sclater, Pruc. Zool. Soc. Loud. xxii. 1854. p. 249 (April 1855. — "Nova
Grenada ").
Nos. 603, 627, 654, 655, 660. S <S nd., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 2, 5, 9, 10. x.
1907.— Wing 82—84, (one) 89; tail 49—55 ; bill 9--10 mm.
No.s. 677, 659. c?(J jnv., S. Isabel, 10, 1 1. x. 1907.
No. 920. (Jjnv., Marnins, 9. vi. 1908.
Nos. 605, (i53, 704. ¥ ? ad., S. Isabel, 2, 9, 16. x. 1907.— Wing 82—85 ; tail
53 — 55 mm.
No. 913. ¥ ad., Marnins, 7. vi. 1908.— Wing 85 ; tail 55 mm.
" Iris brown or reddish brown, feet dark grey or blackish, bill black."
The specimens agree, in coloration and size, with a large series from Colombia
(Bogota and Choco), Ecuador, and Venezuela (Cumana). Examples from Eastern
Brazil (Bahia and Rio) are much larger (wing 90 — 95, tail 58 — 62 mm.) and of a
lighter, more greenish (Nile) blue. The latter undoubtedly represent typical
P. firidis viridis. To my mind, P. v. occidentalis is a very well-marked race,
though occasionally specimens may be fonnd tiiat do not differ in colour from
the typical race. The difference in size, however, is quite constant.
35. Euphonia aurea aiirea (Pall.) [an subsp. ?].
Parus aureus Pallas in Vroeg's Culalogue, Aduuibrut. p. 4 (1764. — Surinam). •
Tanagra chlurolirii Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat. xii. 1. p. 817 (1766. — ex Brisson : " Cayania ").
No. 1052. (J ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 22. vii. 1908. " Iris, feet, and bill
black."— Wing 55 ; tail SOi ; bill 8 mm.
Difl'ers from Cayenne skins in the Munich Museum by its much darker, deep
bluish black (instead of bright purple) throat ; the yellow on the anterior porfion of
the crown is rather more extended, the bill soinewiiat thicker and stouter, and the
outermost rectri.x only (instead of the two other ones) has a white spot on the inner
web. A large series from different j)arts of its range is required to establish the
* ChUyrophanes caeruleicens L'assio, Pruc. Acad. N. Sci. Piiilad. l.b(J4. p. 2GS (Yuvacares, Bolivia).
(272)
geograjihic races of A', aureu, wliicli are far from being satisfactorily nuderstood.
Cf. my remarks in Xor. Zoo/, xiv. 1007, p. (1, and /.r. xv. lOOS, n. 2i}.
This is tiic first record from the Madeira district, since the birds ennmorated
nnder E. clilorotica by Pelzeln turned out to belong to I', chn/sopasta Sol. & Salv.
[30. Euphonia violacea lichtensteinii (<'ab.).
[Frhiriill,i riolacm Linnaeus, Si/xl. Xat. x. p. 182 (1758.— '• in calidis regionibus ").]
Phoiiasra LU-htmsteiiiii Cabanis, Jaiirn./. Oniith. 18G0. p. .^.31 (IHGO. — Cayenne).
Eiiji/ioiia Lichtemleiiiii Pelzeln, Ziif Orii. Bras. p. 204 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). Not obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns.
Miss Snethlage has lately met with it on the Tapajoz : (Joyana, Ilha do
Papageio.*]
37. Euphonia laniirostris laniirostris Lafr. & D'Orb.
Eiiphuiiiii laiiiiioslris Lafresnave & D'Orbigny, Si/ii. At: i. in Mag. Zoo!, cl. ii. p. 30 (1837.
Turaoares, Bolivia) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 317 (Humaytha).
Nos. 172, 552. SS ad., Calama, G. vii., Jamarysinho, 14. ix. 10ii7. — Win"
62, 631 ; tail 35, 36 ; bill 9 mm.
Nos. 3, 95, 173. ? ? ad., Calama, 8, 22. vi., 6. vii. 1907.— Wing 58—60; tail
33—34 ; bill 8—9 mm.
No. 903. ? ad., Mariiins, 4. vi. 19o8.— Win;; 61 ; tail 35 ; bill 9 mm.
" Iris dark brown or blackish, feet black or lilnmbeons, bill black."
The males, while fully corroborating the distinctness of E. laniirostri.-i, differ
from the type and Natterer's Mattogrosso examples by having the chin-angle
narrowly bordered with blackish. The females agree, in coloration, with E.
crassirostris Scl., from Colombia, Venezuela, etc., but have a much thicker, wider
bill. Two (Nos. 3 and 173) have, on the npper surface here and there, especially
on the occiput, a distinct slaty or oily gloss. The range of E. /. la/ii/rosfr/s is
restricted to the Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Calama, etc.). Western Mattogrosso
(Villa Maria, Sao Vicente, Villa Bella, Abrilongo, Chapada), and Northern Bolivia
(Yuracares). In Central Peru it is replaced by the nearly allied E. la/iiirostr/s
peruviana Berl. &. Sfolzm.f
[38. Euphonia melauura Scl.
Cf. Nuv. Zuol. xiv. p. 317 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Hoffmanns). Not secured on the present occasion.
E. melanura differs from the preceding species by its even (not emarginate) and
entirely black tail. In E. laniirostris the outermost rectrix (and sometimes also
the succeeding one) shows a large white patch on the inner web.
E. melanura is widely distributed in Upper Amazonia.]
39. Euphonia rufiventris (Vieill.).
Tamifim rufioentri.s Vieillot, Nunc. JJicl. xxxii. p. 4'JO (1819. — loc. ign. : "type au Museum
d'Histoire Naturelle, — rapports par Souuerat ").
Nos. 229, 153. J? ad., Calama, 2, 16. vii. 1007. "Iris brown, feet and bill
black.'"— Wing 61 ; tail 35 ; bill 0—10 mm.
Agreeing with specimens from Eastern Ecuador. For the first time recorded
from the Rio Madeira, though widely distributed in Upper Amazonia.
' Joiini./. Uriiilh. 1908. p. -198.
j- Urnis xiii. pt. ii. 19Ulj. p. 77 (type ex La Merced).
( 273 )
[40. Euphonia chrysopasta Scl. & Sal v.
Eiiphoiila rhri/sopastii Sclater & Salvin, Pro<: Znol. Soc. Lmid. 1869. p. 438. pi. xxx. figs. 1, 2
((J?) (18B9. — "in Peruvia orientali in ripis fl. Ucayali (Bartlett) ; et in ripis 11. Napo,
reipubl. Aequatorialis ").
Euphomi chloroliia (errore) Pelzeln, l.i\ p. 202 (Salto do Girao, Mandos).
Rio Madeira : Salto do Girao (Natterer).
Pelzelu mistook the examples of this species obtained by Natterer for the
young (and female) of J'J. chlorotira. E. chrynopasta has a wide range in
Amazonia, but in Brazil does not seem to occur east of the Madeira Valley.
The single female from Salto do Girao in the Vienna Museum is slightly more
yellowish green on the back than a series from Bogota, Manilos, and Venezuela
(Caura}. In size (wing 50 ; tail 36 ram.) it agrees with Bogota skins.]
41. Calospiza chilensis (Vigors).
Agla'ta Chilensis Vigors, Proc. Comin. Zool. Sue. Loud. ii. 1832. p. 3 (1832. — '• Chili ' errore ! We
substitute Bulioia as type locality).
Calliste yeiii auct.
No. 211. c? ad., Calama, 12. vii. 1907. " Iris, feet, and bill black."— Wing 75;
tail 54 ; bill 9| mm.
Agreeing with examples from Bolivia and Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo). First
record from the Rio Madeira, although Natterer had obtained an immature male at
Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore, July 30, 1826.* C. chilensis agrees with
C. paradisea focfeo/o/' (Scl.) t in size, extent of golden green about the head, and
coloration of the upper wing-coverts, but ditfers by having the lower back and rump
deep scarlet without any yellow. Its distribution is rather curious, for it appears to
cross the range of C. punulisea coelicolor.
[42. Calospiza cayana cayana (Linn.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Non. Zool. xiv. p. 347 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoifmanns).]
43. Calospiza albertinae (Pelz.).
Callisle albertinae Pelzeln, Ibis 1877. p. 337 (,1877.— Salto do Girao, Eio Madeira).
C. gyroloides (nee Lafresnaye) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. 18C9. p. 207 (part. : Salto do Girao).
Calospiza albertinae Hellmayr, Nor. Zuol. xii. p. 273 (IgarapiS-Assii, Para) : idem, I.e. xiii. p. 357
Prata, Parii) ; Snethlage, Journ.f. Ornith. 1908. p. 522 ( Alcobafa, Tocantins ; descr. ? ).
No. 1000. S ad., Maruins, 30. vii. 1908. "Iris brown, feet and bill bluish
black."— Wing 71 ; tail 45 ; bill 10| mm. (Munich Musenm.)
This is the first perfectly adult specimen I have seen, both the type (from Salto
do Girao) and the two males from Prata, Parii, being slightly immature. It proves
that in fully adult males the throat is dull bluish as in C. gijroloiJes (Lafr.), but
C. albertinae can, of course, easily be recognized by its more yellowish green back
and its orange-rufous shoulder-spot. The species evidently has a wide range in
Brazil south of the Amazon Valley. Natterer and Hoffmanns obtained it on the Rio
Madeira, the latter naturalist as well as Robert met with it at Prata near Paru,
and Miss Snethlage took a couple at Alcoba^a, on the left bank of the Tocantins.
• C. yeni Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. p. 206.
t Calliste tatao auct.
18
( 274 )
44. Calospiza mexicana boliviana Bonap.
[Taiiagra mexicana Linnaeus, Syst. Xut. xii. 1. p. 316 (1766. — ex. Brisson : Cayana).]
Callonpiza boliviana Bonaparte, C. R. Ac. Sci. Paris xxxii. p. 80 (1851.— Guarajos, East
Bolivia).
Calospiza mexicana boliviana HellmajT, Xov. Zool. xiv. p. 348 (Boiba).
Calliste Jlaoicentris (neo Vieillot) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 207 (Guapor^, Borba).
Nos. 341, 429. ? ? ad., Calama, 6, 19. viii. 1907.— Wing 71, 69J ; tail 52;
bill 9 tuiu.
No. 696. i ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 14. x. 1907.— Wiag 74 ; tail 52 ;
bill 9^ mm.
No. 657. ? ad., S. Isabel, 9. x. 1907.— Wing "Oh ; tail 50 ; bill 9^ mm.
No. 821. c? juv., Marmellos (right bank), 17. xii. 1907.— Wing 69; tail 49;
bill 9 mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
Belly deep .yellow, sUoulder-patch uniform azure-blue, e.Kactly as in specimens
from Pern, Ecuador, and Bogohi collections. Sometimes a few of the innermost
lesser wing-coverts are narrowly edged with turquoise-blue. L'f also Noi\ Zool.
xiv. p. 7. C. m. boliviana ranges eastwards as far as Para.
[45. Calospiza nigrocincta (Bonap.).
Of. Nov. Zoul. xiT. p. 348 (Humaytha)
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Though occurring in Venezuela (Orinoco-Oanra district), British Guiana, and
widely distributed in Upper Amazonia, this species has not been recorded from any
Brazilian locality east of the Madeira Valley.]
46. Tanagra episcopus coelestis Spix.
[Tanagra Episcopus Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat. xii. 1. p. 316 (1766.— ex Brisson : " Bresil ").]
T. coelestis S5pix, Ar. Bras. ii. p. 42, pi. Iv. fig. 2. (1825. — Fonteboa, Rio Solimoes, fixed as type
locality ; of. my revision of Spix's types, p. 676).
T. episcopus coelestis Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 348 (Borba).
T. episcopus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 208 (part. : Borba).
No. 347. i ad., Calama, 7. viii. 1907.— Wing 91 ; tail 66 ; bill \U mm.
" Iris brown, bill and feet black."
Agrees with the type and other Upper Amazonian specimens.
47. Tanagra palmarum melanoptera Scl.
[Tanagra pal marum Wied, Beise Brasil. ii. p. 76 (1821. — Canavieras, Bahia).]
T. melanoptera (Hartlaub MS.) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxiv. 1856. p. 235 (January 1857. —
Eastern Peru, etc.).
Nos. 295, 477. S S ad., Calama, 29. vii., 28. viii. 1907. " Iris brown, feet and
bill black."— Wing 94, 98 ; tail 70, 72 ; bill 13^, 14 mm.
One of these specimens is typical of melanoptera, having mere traces of dark
olive-grey edges to some of the outer primaries, exactly like examples from the
Caura Valley, Trinidad, etc., in the Munich Museum. The other (No. 295) slightly
points towards T. jj. palmarum of Eastern Brazil, though the greenish edges of the
remiges are duller and less distinct than in the latter. Birds from the vicinity of
Pard, however, agree in coloration with the typical race, but are smaller. Cf. Nov.
Zool. xii. pp. 273-4.
( 275 )
48. Ramphocelus nig^rogularis (Spix).
Tanagra iiigrogiilarU Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 35. pi. xlvii. (1825. — "ad flumea Solimoens io sylvis
pagi St. Paiili").
Rampkorelus ii'igrigularis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 210 (Borba).
No. 742. (? imm., Allianca, 1. xi. 1907. — Wing 84; tail 77 ; bill 14 mm.
" Iris brown, feet black, bill black, base of lower mandible white."
Miss Snethlage * has recently obtained specimens at Cassary, sonth bank of
the Amazons, opposite Monte Alegre, the most easterly locality as yet known.
49. Ramphocelus carbo carbo (Pall.).
Lanius (Carbo) Pallas in Vroeg's C'atal. cui.s., Adumbrat. p. i (17G4. — Surinam).
Ramphocelus albiroslris Pelzeln, I.e. p. 210 (Ribeirao).
R.jacapa auct.
No. 418. S ad., Calama, 18. viii. 1907— Wing 80; tail 77 ; bill 15 mm.
Nos. 606, 687. ¥ ? ad., S. Isabel, 2, 12. x. 1907.
No. 424. ? juv., Calama, 18. viii. 1907.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
Identical with topotypical specimens from Surinam and others from Cayenne, etc.
A nest taken October 12, 1907, at S. Isabel with the parent bird (No. 687) is a
fairly compact strncture of dry leaves, twigs, roots and stems of various plants,
and has uo other lining, except that the material is finer in the middle. The cap is
about 50 mm. deep and 70 mm. across. The eggs are light greenish blue with black
points and spots, crowded around the larger end. They measure from 21 to 22 by
16 to 17 mm.
50. Piranga rubra rubra (Linn.).
Fringilla rubra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 181 (1758. — based on Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, etr. i.
p. 5G. pi. 5G ; Caruliiia, Virginia).
Tanagra aestira Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 889 (1789. — based on the same).
Piranga ae&tira auct. brit.
No. 799. ? ad., Allianca, 22. xi. 1907. " Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill
yellowish grey." — Wing 92; tail 72 ; bill 17 mm.
Practically identical with specimens from Eastern United States, Colombia, etc.
Apparently the first record from Brazil, although the bird is a common winter
visitor in the northern parts of Sonth America.
51. Lanio versicolor (LalV. & D'Orb.).
7'achyphonus versicolor Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syii. Av. i. in May. Zool. cl. ii. p. 28 (1837. —
Yuracares, Bolivia).
Lanio versicolor Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 349 (Humaytha).
No. 786. tJ ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907. "Iris brown, feet and bill black."—
Wing 82 ; tail 08 ; bill 13^ mm.
Within Brazilian limits, the species is as yet only known to occur in the
Madeira Valley.
• Juiirn.f. Orn. 1907. p. 294.
(276 )
52. Phoenicothraupis rubra peruviana Tacz.
[Tachyphnnua ruber Vieillot, Noiir. Diet, xxxii. p. 359 (1819.—" lie de la TriniW ").]
Phofiiicothraupis peruvianus Taczanowski, Orn. Peroii ii. p. 498 (1884.— Peru : Yurimaguas and
Monterico).
P. rubra peruviana Hellmayr, Nov. Zjol. xiv. p. 348 (Humaytha).
P. r«6ra (neo Vieillot) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 212 (Borba).
No. 203. S imm., Calarna, 10. vii. 1907.— Wiuj? 'Jl? ; tail 82 ; bill 17J ram.
Nos. 34, 122. ??, Calarna, 13, 28. vi. l'Ji)7.— Wing 87, 82; tail' 77, 74;
bill 10 mm.
" Iris browu or greyish brown, feet brown or yellowish grey, bill greyish,
darker above."
In Nov. Zoo/, xiv. p. 44, I have given a n'siimc of the ranges and characters of
P. ?: peruviana and its allies, to which I have nothing to add.
53. Tachyphonus luctuosus I-afr. & D'Orb.
Tachi/phoiuis luctuosu.i Lafresnaye A D'Orbigny, Si/ii. At: i. in Mug. Zuol. cl. ii. p. 29 (1837.—
Guarayos, Bolivia) ; Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras. iii. p. 213 (Salto GIrao, Borba) ; Hellmayr, Noo.
Zool. xiv. p. 349 (Humaytha, Borba •).
Nos. 210, 423, 47.5. c^cjad., (Jalama, 12. vii., 18, 28. viii. l'J07.— Wing OU — 61 ;
tail .50—53; bill 11 — 12 mm.
No. 89.5. c? ad., Marnins, 1. vi. 1907.— Wing 62 ; tail 54 ; bill 11 mm.
Noa. 225, 398, 466. ¥ ? ad., Calarna, 15. vii., 15, 27. viii. 1907.— Wing
57— 58i ; tail 50—54; bill 11—12 ram.
No. 7.52. ? jav., Allianca, 0. xi. 1907.— Wing 58 ; tail 54 ; bill 12 mm.
Absolutely identical with tojxitypical Bolivian examples. The young female
differs from the adult ones by having the cap washed with olive-greenish, the sides
of the head dull brownish instead of cinereoas, the under parts of a deeper, more
bnffy yellow, and the throat tinged with yellowish.
[54. Tachyphonus phoenicius Swains.
TachyphnuHS phoeniciuH Sw.iinson, An'nn. in Mem.g. p. 31 1 (1838.— loc. ign., liab. substit. East Peru,
aut. Berlepsch).
T. phoeniceus Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras. iii. p. 214 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). Apparently of wide distribution in Amazonia,
being recorded from British Guiana and Eastern Pern.
Natterer's specimens from Borba agree well with others from Guiana.]
[55. Tachyphonus surinamus insignis Hellm.
[Tunhis surinamus Linnaeus, Sysl. Xul. xii. 1. p. 297 (17iJG. — ex Brisson : Surinam).]
Taclu/phonus suriniunus insiijnis Hellmayr, iVoc. Zool. xiii. p. 357 (1900. — Bemfica, ParA).
T. surinamus Pelze\a, Znr Orn. Bras. iii. 1809. p. 213 (part.: Pari, Borba); Snethlage, Jo»/v/. /".
Orn. 1907. p. 295 (Pant, Rio Macujubim, S. Antonio do Prata).
Kight bank : Borba (Natterer).
Dr. Lorenz has kindly sent for ray inspection the three adult males obtained
by Natterer. One is practically identical with topotypical i'ara examples, while the
two others have the ochreous patch on the sides of the chest even darker and more
decidedly mixed with ferruginous.
T. s. insignis is hitherto only known from the Pari district, and from Borba,
* The latter locality inadvertently omitted.
( ^77 )
lower Rio Madeira. North of the Amazons, near Maaiios, it is represented by
T. s. suriiKtmus, wliile farther nj), in the viciiiit}' of Tefte, and on the upper Rio
Nei;:ro (Marabitanas, Rio L;anna) another closel}' allied race, T. s. napeitsis, takes
its place. C'f. yov. Zoo/, xiii. pp. 357-8.]
56. Tachyphonus cristatus madeirae n. subsp.
[Taiingm crisfata Linnaeus, Si/sl. Xaf. .\ii. 1. p. .317 (1766. — ex Brisson : Cayenne).]
Tfichyphonus rri.^hffu^ (nee Linnaeus) Pelzeln, Zitr Orn. Bras, iii. p. 21.3 (part. : Eagenho do Gama,
Rio Guaporo ; Borba, r. Madeira).
T. cristatus subsp. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 349 (Humaytba).
Nos. 209, 240, 320, 386, 483. i i ad., Calama, 12, 22. vii., 2, 12, 29. viii.
1007.— Wing 79—83 ; tail 70—77; bill 12|— 14 mm. "Iris brown, feet and bill
black."
S ad. Nearest to, and agreeing with, T. rristatm bruitneiis (Spix), of Eastern
Brazil (from Para to S. Panlo), in having the crest deep tier}' or vermilion-red and
bordered in front only by a rather narrow, bright bnff line, but crest-feathers mnch
shorter — scarcely longer than in T. c. cri.status, from Cayenne, etc. — and whole
throat, except a small blackish chin-spot, deep ochraceous buff.
? ad. Not different from that of T. r. cristatus.
Type in Tring Museum : S ad., Calama, 2. viii. 1007 (W. Hoffmanns coll.,
No. 320).
Besides the above serie.«, I have before me the adult male from Humaytha
obtained on Mr, Hoffmanns' first trip to the Rio Madeira, and several examples,
among them an adult female, belonging to the Vienna Museum (Natterer coll.).
Compared with some thirty skins from Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio de
Janeiro, the Madeira birds have the crest invariably shorter and generally of a
deeper fiery red. Even more strongly marked is the difference in the extent of the
ochraceous gular spot. The Calama and Humaytha specimens have the whole
throat, with the exception of a very small black chin-spot, deep ochraceous buff,
while in T. c. brunneus there is but a broad stripe of a clearer bnff along the middle
of the throat, the sides of the latter, as well as a large patch on the chin, being
dull black like the remainder of the lower j)arts. T. c. cristatus (and the doubt-
fully distinct T. c. cristatellus) may be distinguished from the new form by their
smaller gular spot, and particularly by the much lighter, orange-red crest, bordered
in front and laterally by a broad, creamy bnff margin.
7'. c. madeirae appears to be restricted to the Madeira Valley and its head-
waters, Gnapore, etc. ; for specimens from the Rio Negro (Barcellos, Marabitanas)
and Northern Pern (Loretoyacu, Peru) agree in every respect with Bogota skins
(so-called cristatellus).*
57. Eucometis penicillata penicillata (Spix).
Tanagra petik-illata Spix, Ai\ Brax. ii. p. 36. pi. xlix, li^'. 1 (182.1. — no locality ; type examined).
Eucometis pmii'illiitn Pelzeln, Zvr Orii. Bras, iii. p. 212 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Xor. Zoil. xiv. p. 319
(Humaytha).
Nos. 413, 414. i imm., cJjuv., Calama (island), 17. viii. 1907. "Iris greyish
brown, feet pale greyish yellow, bill black." — Wing 85, 82; tail 82; bill 15J,
16 mm.
* The supposed femiile of Tachi/jilwniis uatlereri I'elz. (I.e. p. 32S : ^ ad. Villa Maria. Riu Paraguay)
was secured at Saltu du Girao by Natterer. It is, however, doubtful whether it really belongs tii
T. natlercri, and the question must be left in abeyance until adult males from that locality come to
hand.
( 278 )
Adult birds from the Rio Madeira agree with the type in the Munich Mnseum.
The tn-o young ones from Calama have the bill blackish, and, like Peruvian
examples, the legs and feet pale fleshy brown. Cf. my remarks, /.c, pp. 349-5(1.
[58. Cypsnagra ruficollis pallidigula Hellm.
Cf. .Vol'. Zoo!, xiv. p. 330 (Hutnayth.a ).
Left bank : campos of Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Also occurring in Ceara,
N.E. Brazil.]
60. Nemosia pileata (Bodd.).
Tanagra pileala'Boddia.BTt, Tabl. PL col. p. 45 (1783. — ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 720. fig. 2 ^^ (J ad. :
Cayenne).
Nos. 826, 828, 834. Si ad., Marraellos, 18, 19, 20. xii. 1007. " Iris and feet
yellow, bill black."— Wing 67—70 ; tail 45J— 49; bill 12 mm.
Nos. 827, 829. S <S imm., Marmellos, 18, 19. xii. 1907. " Iris and feet yellow,
bill black, lower mandible yellowish grey."
No. 819. ? ad., Marmellos, 17. xii. 1907. "Bill black, below yellowish grey."
—Wing 64 ; tail 43; bill 11 A mm.
Rather brighter on the upper parts, bnt not otherwise different from Bahia
specimens.
N. pileata, thongh widely distributed in Amazonia and Brazil, is very localized,
frequenting exclusively the " campos" district.s. First record from the Rio Madeira.
60. Hemithraupis flavicollis centralis (Hellm.).
[Nemosia flavicolUs TieiUot, Nouv. Did. xxii. p. 491 (1818. — " I'Am^rique mcridionale").]
Nemosia JIuricoUis centralis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 350 (1907. — Hum.iytha, Rio Madeira).
N. flavicollis (neo Vieillot) Pelzein, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. 1869. p. 215 (Eugenho do Oama).
No. 886. ? ad., Calama, 30. iii. 1908. " Iris brown, feet grey, bill bluish grey,
below paler."- Wing 65 ; tail 52; bill 13 mm.
On his first expedition to the Rio Madeira, in 1906, Mr. Hoffmanns obtained
an adult male, the type, at Humaytha, left bank. In the male sex, //./'.
centralis differs at a glance from all the other races of the Jlaricollis group by
the deep velvety black coloration of the upper parts. The female may be dis-
tino-nished by its darker, dull olive upper parts, and rather brighter 3-elIow belly.
In size and in the largo, rather strong bill it resembles the female of //. /.
melanoxantlia.
A review of the various geographic races is given in Xov. Zool. xiv. pp. 350-53.
H. f. centralis inhabits the basin of the Madeira and its tributaries.
61. Thlypopsis sordida amazonum Scl. (?).
[Nemosia sordida Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 28 (1837.— Yuracares,
rep. Boliviana — type examined ; cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. pp. 310-11).]
Thlypopsis amnzowim Sclater, Cat. Birds Bril. Mi(.<!. xi, p. 229 (1886.— Lower Ucayali, East Peru)
Nemosia fulvpsrens Pelzein, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. ISriit. p. 215 (pt. ; Rio Madeira).*
No. 901. J fere ad., Maruins, 3. vi. 1908. "Iris dark greyish brown, feet
plnrabeons, bill blackish, below grey." — Wing 64 ; tail 51 ; bill 1 1| mm.
This specimen differs from an adult male in Count Berlepsch's collection
• Encneoiislv inclurlert among the localities of N. r. sordida in Nttr. Zool. xiii. p. 311. — flatterer's
specimen is no longer in the Vienna Museum.
( 279 )
(La Merced, Chanchama3'o ; Kalinowski leg.) b}' its much smaller size, shorter as
well as deeper bill, and by having the sides slightly more brownish grey, less
purely cinereous. From N. s. sordida the Maruius bird may be distinguished by
the dull brownish grey (instead of deep buff or ochraceous buff) sides and flanks,
white (not deep buff) under tail-coverts, more olive-grey (less greenish) upper
parts, etc.
Additional material is required to establish the status of the Madeira form.
6':;. Arremon silens (Bodd.).
Tanaqra silens Boddaert, Tahl. PI. enl. p. 46 (1783.— ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 742 : Cayenne).
No. 790. J juv., Allianca, 16. xi. 1907.— Wing 72 ; tail 59 ; bill 13 mm.
No. 579. ? ad., Jamarysinho, 21. ix. 1907. — Wing 71 ; tail 56 ; bill 13J mm.
" Iris brown, feet yellowish grey (light grey), bill black."
Agreeing, in size and coloration, with Para examples.
63. Saltator maximus (P. L. S. Miill.).
Tanagm maxima P. L. S. Mitller, ynttirsijst. Suppl. p. 1.59 (1776. — ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 205 :
Cayenne).
Saltattrr nwgiius auct.
No. 707. ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 16. x. 1907.
" Iris browu, feet grey, bill black."
64. Saltator coerulescens azarae D'Orb.
[Saltator coerulescens Vieillot, Noiii: Diet. xiv. p. 105 (1817.— ex Azara, no. 81 ; Paraguay).]
Saltator Avirae D'Orbigny, Voyage Amir, merid., Oiseiux, p. 287 (betw. 1838 and 1847, part.:
Moxos, Eastern Bolivia; cf. Hellmayr, A'oii. Zool. xiii. 1906. pp. .314-5); Pelzeln, Z«r OrH.
Bras. iii. 1860. p. 219 (part. ; Borba).
No. 1071. ? ad., Calama, 10. ix. 1908. " Iris browu, feet grey, bill black."—
Wing 99 ; tail 88 ; bill 18J mm.
Agrees with Peruvian specimens. The upper parts and sides of the head are
very dark slate-grey, the outer webs of the remiges scarcely paler ; the foreneck
and breast dingy cinereous, passing into bull' in the middle of the abdomen ; the
lower tail-coverts deep ochraceous.
<S'. c. azarae inhabits North-Eastern Bolivia (Mosos), Brazilian Amazonia
from the Madeira Valley westwards, Peru, Eastern Ecuador, etc. Farther to the
south, on the Rio Guapore (Villa Bella de Mattogrosso), etc., the tyjiical race,
S. c. coeridesceiis, is met with ; while in North-Eastern Brazil (Marajo, Mexiana,
Amapa) another close ally, S. c. mutiis >Scl., takes its place. Cf. Nov. Zool. xiii
pp. 314-15.
[65. Schistochlamys atra (Gm.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 353 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Widely distributed in 8outh America.]
66. Pitylus grossus (Linn.).
Loxia grosm Linnaeus, S;/st. Nat. xi't. 1. p. 307 (1766. — "America": ex Brisson ; we substitute
Cayenne as type locality).
Pilglus grossus Pelzeln, l.r. p. 220 (Borba).
Nos. 75, 337. S d nd., Calama, 19. vi., 5. viii. 1907. "Iris brownish, feet
black, bill bright red."— Wing 98, 96 : tail 90 mm,
( 280 )
Nos. 145, 338. $, ? jiiv., Calama, 1. vii., .3. viii. 1907. "Iris brown, feet
black, bill light red."
[67. Pitylus canadensis canadensis (Liun.).
Loxia canadensis Lionaeus, Sysl. Xnl. xii. 1. p. 304 (1766.— ex Brisson : " Canada," errore ! We
substitute Cayenne as type locality).
Pitylui cayanensis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 221 (Borba).
Right bank : Burba (Natterer).
The range of this form extends, in the east, to Para, and to the north as far
as Cayenne, British Guiana, and Marabitanas (npper Rio Negro). In North-East
Brazil (Pernambnco) it is represented by P. c. frontiUs Hellin.,* in South-Eastern
Brazil (from Bahia to Rio de .Janeiro) by P. c. brasiUensis (Cab.).t]
[68. Cyanocompsa rothschildii (Bartl.).
Gniracu rothschildii E. Bartlett, Ann. <f- Mag. XaL Hist. (6) vi. p. 168 (1890.— R. Carimang, British
Guiana) ; cf. Hellmayr, JVov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 277 (crit.).
G. cyanoides (nee Lifresnaye) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. p. 222 (Salto Girao, Borba).
G. cyanea Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. Mus. xii. p. 71 (part. : specimens s— a', e' — i').
Rio Madeira : Salto Girao, Borba (Natterer).
Natterer's specimens from the Rio Madeira, as well as those obtained near
Engenho do Gama, Rio Gnapore, and at Marabitanas, npper Rio Negro, agree
perfectly with typical Guianan birds. All records of C. ci/anea from Amazonia and
the Gnianas refer to the present species, which is the only one found in those
regions. I have examined examples from Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, Parji, Orinoco
(Mundnapo, Caura), Teffe, North Peru (Sarairia, Naiita, etc.), Rio Negro, Rio
Madeira, etc. C ojanea (Linn.) is restricted to Eastern Brazil, south of
Pernambnco.]
60. Oryzoborus angolensis brevirostris Berl.
\^Lo.ria anijohnsis Linnaeus, Sy.-<t. Nal. xii. 1. p. 303 (1766. — ex Edwards : " Angola"— errore ! We
substitute East Brazil as type locality).]
Oryzohnrus anyolensis brevirostris Berlepsch, A'oi'. Zool. xv. p. 119 (1908. — Cayenne).
Nos. 643, 669, 695. SS ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8, 10, 14. x. 1907. " Iris
brown, feet and bill black." — Wing 59 ; tail 05, 56 mm.
The spe^iimens agree with others from Cayenne, Trinidad, and Eastern Ecuador
(Napo). East Brazilian skins (Bahia, Uiu de Janeiro; have larger, stouter bills,
the lower parts of a clearer chestnut, and the alar speculum rather more extended.
7u. Sporophila lineola (Linn.).
Loxia lineola Linnaeus, Si/sl. Nat. xii. 1. p. 304 (1766. — "Asia" — errore ! We substitute Surinam
a« type locality ; cf. Nov. Zool. ix. p. 26).
Nos. 737, 738. S3 ad., Calama, 30. x. 1907. "Iris, feet, and bill black." -
Wing 60 ; tail 47 ; bill 8 mm.
Both witii a broad white stripe along the middle of tlie forehead ami crown,
and with the under parts pure white, without trace of blackish cross-lines.
• Nor. Zool. xlii. p. 277 (180.". —Sao Loureni;o, rernambuco).
f CarijothrauHes bratiliemis Cabanis, Mim. Ihin. i. p. HI (Iftol. — Babia).
( 281 )
71. Sporophila castaneiventris Cab.
Sporophila easlanfivcntris Cabanis in Schomburgk, Rehm Brit Guiana iii. p. 679 (184S. — Cumaka,
coast of Brit. Guiana) ; Hellmayr, Nnv. Znol. xiv. p. 353 (Humaytha).
Spermophila castaneiventris Pelzeln, I.e. p. 225 (Borba).
No. 833. S ad., Marmellos, 10. xii. 1007. " Iri.s brown, feet and bill black."—
AViiig 50 ; tail 42 ; bill 8 mm.
rerfecti}' identical with specimens from French Guiana, collected by Monsieur
Le Moult, in the Munich Museum.
[72. Volatinia jacarina jacarina (Liun.).
Cf. Nor. Znol xiv. p. 353 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanus).]
[73. Myospiza manimbe (Licht.).
Cf. Nur. Zool. xiv. p. 353 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
The single male, obtained on Mr. Hoffmann's first journey, agrees well with
Bahia skins.]
[74. Myospiza aurifrons (Spix).
Tatwgm nurifroiis Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 38. pi. 1. fig. 2 (1825. — •' in prorincia Bahia" — errore I
We substitute Fontehoa, Rio Solimoens) ; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Akad. Wissemch. Miiiichen,
vol. xxii, 3, 1906. p. 673 (crit.).
Cottirniciiliis 2>eruanus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 230 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Widely distributed in Amazonia. M. aurifrons is evidently specifically distinct
from the preceding form.]
[75. Paroaria gularis gularis (Linn.).
Tanagra (juluris Linnaeus, Si/.''t. Xrrl. xii. 1. p. 316 (1766. — ex Brisson : " America" ; we fix Cayenne
as type locality).
Paroaria giilnrix Pelzeln, l.r. p. 228 (part. : Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Natterer's e.\arai>les, for the loan of which I am indebted to Dr. Lorenz, of
Vienna, agree well with others from (Jayenne and Lower Amazonia; perhaps they
have not quite so much black round the eye.
Farther south, on the Rio Guapore (Villa Bella de Mattogrosso), it is replaced
by P. g. cercicalis Scl.,* which extends into Eastern Bolivia (Mojos, etc.). Cf.
Sor. Zool. xiv. ji. 10.]
76. Ostinops viridis (P. L. S. Mull.).
Oriolm viridis P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 87 (1776. — based on D'Aubenton,
PI. enl. 328 : Cayenne).
Ostinops viridis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 192 (Borba).
Nos. 309, 570, 587. iS S ad., Calama, 3L vii. 1907; Jamarysinho, 18, 24. ix.
1907. " L'is light blue, feet black, bill light yellowish green, apical half bright
red."- Wing 250—265; tail 180—190 ; bill 63-67 mm.
• Paroaria cerviealii Solater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 108 (1862.— Bolivia).
( 282 )
No. 287. (?) Calama, 29. vii. 1007. " Iris grey-brown, bill pale ^rey, apical
half yellowish red."— Wing 21i» ; tail 14.5 ; bill 58 mm.
The specimens agree well with others from Cayenne and Eastern Ecuador.
77. Gymnostinops yiiracares (Lafr. & D'Orb.).
Cassicus yuracares Lifresnaye & DOrbigny, Syii. An. ii. in Mag. Zonl. cl. ii. p. 2(1838.— Yaracares,
rep. Boliviana).
Nos. 967, 968, 986, 987. SS ad., Slaruins, 3, 9. vii. 1908.— Wing 2oo— 273-
tail 195—210 ; bill 74—77 mm.
Nos. 965, 969. ? ?, Maruins, 30. vi., 3. vii. 1908.— Wing 205 ; tail 162, 167;
bill 56, 57 mm.
"Iris brown, feet black, bill black, tip clear red or yellowish red ; bare space
at base of lower mandible greyish pink or flesh-colour."
Sjiecimens from the Rio Napo (Eastern Ecuador) in the Munich Museum are
of a rather more yellowish tinge on the head, mantle, and throat.
78. Cacicus cela cela (Linn.).
Pants Cela Linnaeus, Syl. \<it. x. p. 101 (1758.— " in ludiia," errore ! We substitute Suiimn ;
cf. Nov. Zoo}, xiii. p. 20).
Cassicus j)er.siriis Pelzeln, l.r. p. 193 (Borba).
Nos. 502, —. (?c?ad., Calama, 1. i.x. 1907; Marmellos (left bank), 21. xii. 19n7.—
Wing 157, 160; tail 108, 110 ; bill 36 mm.
Nos. 412, 736. ? ? ad., Calama, 17. viii., 30. x. 1907. — Wing 126, 122; tail
91,85; bill 30 mm.
No. 411. Jnv., Calama, 17. viii. 1907.
" Iris light blue, feet black, bill yellowish green."
The adult birds agree, in colour ami size, with others from Cayenne,
Venezuela, etc.
[79. Cacicus haemorrhous (Linn.) subsp.
Cf. Nov. Zonl. xiv. 1907. p. 354 (Humajtha).
Left bank : Hnmaytha (Holfmanns).
Unfortunately Mr. Hoffmanns did not obtain additional specimens on his
second journey, and I am, consequently, still in doubt about its proper identification.
The single adult male is much larger than either C. haf.morrhom or C. pachi/rlnpirhi's
Berl.»]
[80. Dolichonyx oryzivora (Linn.).
Emherha Oryzivora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 311 (1766. — ex Catesby, Edwards, Brisson :
Cuba, etc.).
Dolichonyx oryzivorus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 100 (Rio Madeira).
This North American migrant was secured by Natterer in November 1829, on
the banks of the Rio Madeira.]
[81. Molotlirus bonariensis bonariensis (Gm.).
Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin, Sysl. Nal. 1. ii. p. 898 (1789.— based on D"Aubenton, PI. enl. 710:
Bonaria).
Molothnis sericeiis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 200 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
The single adult male taken by Natterer, March 11, 1830, agrees in every
Journ.f. Orniih. 18»9. p. 299 (type ex Tarapoto, Northern Peru).
( -^8^ )
respect with South Brazilian examples. The wing measures 112, the tail 89i, the
bill 19i mm. From M. b. atronitens Cab. (ex Para, Guiana, Orinoco delta, etc.) it
differs bj' its much larger size and stronger as well as longer bill ; from
M. b. veiiezueleiisis Stone by its stouter bill and decidedly purple (not steel-blue)
coloration.
Cf Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wissemch. II. CI. vol. xxii, 3, 1906. pp. fiI3-4.]
82. Lampropsar tanagrinus tanagrinus (Spix).
Icterus tanagi-iims Spix, Av. Bmi. i. p. 67. pi. !xiv. fig. 1 (1824. — " in locis sylvaticis Parae'').
Lampropsar trmagrinus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 200 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 354 (Humaytha,
Borba).
No. 106.S. Immature, Manicore, 24. viii. 1908. "Iris dark brown, feet and
bill black."— Wing 100 ; tail 97 ; bill 19 mm.
Agree.s with Spix's types, but somewhat less glossy. Cf my remarks in
Abhandl. Bcvjev. Akad. Wissensc/i. II. CI. xxii. 3. pp. 61-3-6.
Farther to the south, on the Guapore, the typical form is replaced by
L. t. tiolacew Hellm. (cf /.c).
83, Leistes militaris (Linn.).
Emberiza militaris Linnaeus, Syst. Nai. x. p. 178 (1758. — " in America, Asia ''—as type locality fixed
Surinam ; cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 21).
Leistes erytJirothorax Pelzeln, I.e. pp. 197, 326 (Rio Madeira, Borba).
No. 914. S ad., Maruins, 7. vi. 1908.— Wing 99 ; tail 66 ; bill 22J mm.
No. 855. S juv., Marmellos, 23. xii. 1907.
No. — . i ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto.— Wing 97 ; tail 64 ; bill 21 1 mm.
Nos. — , 836. ? ?, S. Isabel, Sta. Maria de Marmellos, 20. xii. 1907.— Wing
87, 88 ; tail 57, 60; bill 20 mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
The specimens agree with others from Cayenne, Surinam, and Panama. The
bill is nearly black in the adult males, brown in the immature male and females.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 10-11.
[84. Cyanocorax chrysops diesingii Pelz.
[Pica chri/sop.'i Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 124 (1818. — ex Azara : Paraguay).]
Cyanocorax Diesingii Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Wien (math.-natiiruHSS. CI.) xx, 1, p. 164
(1856.— "Borba in Brasilia") ; Pelzeln, I.e. iii. p. 189 (Borba).
Right bank : campos of Borba (Natterer).
The types, an adult male and a young female, are still the only specimens known
of this well-marked form. I am greatly indebted to my friend Dr. von Lorenz,
of Vienna, for the loan of these valuable objects. Compared with a good series of
C. c. chrysops from Paraguay and Southern Brazil (S. Panlo), the adult bird differs in
many important particulars. The feathers of the pileiim are somewhat stiffer and
much more elongated, the longest measuring fnlly 20 mm., so as to form a very distinct,
erect crest; the wings are longer; the bill decidedly shorter; the yellowish white
apical portion of the reclrices conspicuously shorter. The blue spots on the sides of
the head are much more restricted ; the supra-ocular spot is much smaller and
uniform lilac-blue (not mixed with sky-blue), and in the malar region there is only
a narrow streak of pale lilac-blue, while in C. c. chrysops the whole of the cheeks
(284)
and malar region is deep violet. The occipnt and nape are nniform whitish bine,
r. c. chn/sops has the former only of that colonr, which passes into bright violet on
the hindneck. Theadnlt male shows the following dimensions : wing 1(17; tail 1(33-
bill 26i mm.; whereas nine adult birds of C. c. c/iri/sojjs measnre : wing 150—160;
tail 160—170 ; bill i.'9— 33 mm.]
^^. Ochthornis littoralis (Pelz.).
Elahiea liltoralh Pelzeln, Z„r On,. B,a». ii. pp. 108, 180 (1868.— Cachoeira de Guajara^uaiju and
Bananeira, on the Mamorn ; Borba, Kio Madeira).
No. 806. S ad., Allianca, 20. xi. 1007.— Wing 74 ; tail (in moult); bill 13 mm.
No. 104. ? ad. (worn plumage), Calama, 25. vi. 1007.— AViug 60 ; tail 5S •
bill 12 mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
Specimens from the Caura Valley in the Munich xAInseam differ by their more
sandy (less greyish) back, darker pilenm, and slightly more yellowish (less greyish)
under parts, bnt others from the same region in the Tring Museum are scarcely
distinguishable from the typical Madeira birds.
In '_'. littoralis there is a marked difference in size between the sexes, the males
being considerably larger.
Five adult males (Rio IMadeira and Caura) . Wing 73—75 ; tail 58— 60 J mm.
Seven females „ „ „ „ . „ 66—70 ; „ 54—58 „
86. Fluvicola albiventer (Spi.x).
Muscicapa albivaiter Spix, Ar. Bias. ii. p. 21. pi. xxx. fig. 1 (1825.— ''in campis Brasiliae " :
part, c?)
No. 111. Juv. (not se.xed), Calama, 26. vi. 10ii7. "Iris brown, feet and bill
black."— Wing 64; tail 47 ; bill 14 mm.
Agrees with one of Sjiix's typical specimens in the Munich Museum, but is
rather more blackish above, and has brownish white apical margins to the greater
upper wing-coverts. The scapulars are blackish brown like the back ; the rump is
crossed by a narrow white band ; the rectrices are uniform blackish without white
apical edges, which are always well defined iu the allied F. pica (Bodd.).
F. albirenter has a wide range in Brazil, Argentine, etc.
87. Knipolegus pusillus Scl. & Salv.
CmpoUfiun puxillu.i Sclater & .Salvia, Xomemt. Ac. Xeoirop. p. 158 (1873.— Amazonia inf., exact
locality not known).
No. 551. (? ad., Jamarysinho, R. Machados, 14. ix. 1907. "Iris dark brown,
feet black, bill plumbeous."— Wing 50 ; tail 51 ; bill 12 mm. (Tring Museum.)
Agrees with an examjile from I'erico, Upper Orinoco (Cherrie coll.), which I
had previously compared with the type in the 15ritish Blusenm. The small size and
glossy black plumage together with the narrow, acuminate, three outer primaries
distingnish this species among its congeners. It bears a striking likeness to
Aeiio/jipo atrohitt'ns, but on closer examination the two birds are seen to be quite
distinct. K. pusillus has shorter wings, a much larger, ditferently coloured bill,
numerous strong rictal bristles, etc.
The type, obtained by Wallace, remained unique until Cherrie obtained two
( 285 )
specimens near Perico, on tlie Orinoco,* Quite recently Miss Snethlage shot a male
at Alcolia'-a, on the li?ft bank of the Tocantiiis,t this being the iirst ascertained
localily within Brazilian limits.
[88. Knipolegus sclateri Hellra.
KnipoJegufs sclaterl Hellmiyi-, Niil\ Zul. xiii. p. :^18 (I'.mj. — Rio Madeira).
Cnipolegus unicolor (nee Kiup) Pelzelii, I.e. p. 99 (Rio Madeira).
The type was obtained by Natterer, November IS, 1829, on the Rio JI.ideira
between Crato and Sapnoaiarocca, but ou which side of the river is not stated on the
label. Pelzeln (I.e. note 1) also describes the female, which would appear to be
very different from that of K. orenocensis Berl., the nearest ally of K. sclateri.
Unfortunately it is no longer to be found in the Vienna Museum.]
89. Muscisaxicola fluviatilis Scl. & Salv.
Muscisa-vicolajtuviatilis Sdnter & Sa.\viD. Piol: Zuol. Sue. Lond. 1866. p. 187 (1866. — "in ripis ti.
Ucayali inf.," East Peru).
No. 919. i a I., Maruins, Rio Machados, 9. vi. 1908. " Iris brown, feet black,
bill blackish brown." — Wing 77; tail o2 ; bill 13| mm. (Munich Museum.)
[Vienna Museum : ? ad., Rio Madeira (below Crato), 14. xi 1829 (Natterer
coll.).— Wing 77 ; tail 51 ; bill 14i mm.]
The two birds have the rufescent edges to the upper wing- coverts rather
narrower, and the throat and chest more strongly washed with brownish buff, tiian
Peruvian examples with which they otherwise agree. These slight differences may
be seasonal or individual.
Tliis is the first published record of M. JitiriatiUs from Brazil. Natterer had
obtained, as long ago as 1829, a single female on the banks of the Rio Madeira, one
Jay's journey below Crato, but the species was accidentally omitted in Pelzeln's work.
99. Platyrinchus senex nattereri Hart. & Hellm.
[Plaiyrhynchus senex Sclater & Salvia, P. Z. S. London. 1880. p. 156 (1880. — Sarayayu, Eastern
Ecuador).]
Platyrhijnrlnts nuttenri Hartert & Helltniyr, Bull. B. 0. C. xii, p. 63 (April 1902. — Salto do Girao,
Rio Madeira).
P. rustraius (not of Latham) Pelzela, Ziir Ornith Bras. ii. 1868. p. lOO (part. : Salto do Girao).
No. 892. (c?) ad., Maruins, 31. v. 1908. " Iris dark brown, feet clear greyish
brown, bill black, below pale grey." — Wing 60 ; tail 36 ; bill 11 mm.
No. 281. c? imm., Calama, 28. vii. 1907. "Iris dark brown, feet whitish
yellow, bill black, below grey." — Wing 04; tail 34i ; bill 11 mm.
[Mus. Viiidob. No. 17080, "?" imm. Salto do Girao, R. Madeira, 4. xi. 1829
(J. Natterer coll.). Type of f. mit/ereri Hart. & Hellm.— Wing 59 ; tail 3Ui ;
bill 11 mm.]
The specimens jirocured by Mr. Hoffmanns tend to show that most of the
characters given in the original description are not constant. The tvpe of
P. nattereri is an immature bird, as I satisfied myself by careful re-examination.
The adult male (No. S92) has the top and sides of the head of the same deep
slate-grey as a series of P. griseiceps from British Guiana, Surinam, and the Caura
• Berlepsch & Hartert, Ifuv. Zuul. i.\. 1H02. p. au.
t Journ.f. Ornith. 1908. p. 525.
( 286 )
Valley, Venezuela, ami the throat pure white like adult birJs of the form jast
meutioiieil. There is, however, one character which serves to distiugaish readily
the Madeira form from P. s. gri.neiceps, that is, the lunch paler and clearer, greenish
olive-brown fiustead of rufescent or deep rnsset-brown) colour of the back. The
immatnre birds, the type from Salto do Girao and the S from Calaraa, differ by
having the throat aud lores washed witii pale sulphur-yellowish, the cap much
paler slate-grey, tinged with olivaceous, the sides of the head clear olive-grey, the
back decidedly lighter brown, aud the belly paler ochraceou-s. The greater upper
wing-coverts and the qnills show narrow, rufescent apical margins.
The following condensed review of the geographical races of the P. senex
group may be useful to students of ths neotropical ornis.
(a) Platyrinclius senex senex Scl. & Salv.
Platift-hijiichu^ senex Solater & Salvia, Proc. Zool. Soc. LonJ. 18S0. p. 156 (Sarayai,-u, Eistero
Ecuador) ; Taczanowski, P. Z. H. Loud. 1882. p. 18 (Yurimaguas, N. Peru ; deicr. ? ad.) ;
idem, Orn. Percu ii. 1884. p. 22t (Yurimaguas) ; Sclater, Cd. Birds Brit. Has. x\i 1888. p. 65
(Sarayafu ; Chamicuros, N. Peru).
Hah. Eastern Ecuador : Sarayacu (Buckley I. North Peru : Yurimaguas
(Stolzmann), Chamicuros (Mus. Brit.).
Type localiti/ : Sarayacu, Eastern Ecuador.
Specimens examined :
Wing. Tail. Bill.
1. Mas. Brit. Adult (not sexed), Sarayaijn .^Typesqf 62 32 12 mm.
2. „ „ Av. imm. „ „ „ .J" species 05 33 12J „
3. ,, „ Adult „ ,, Chamicuros . 68 3" 12 „
Ai/'ilt. Top of the head slaty blackish with a half-concealed white coronal
patch ; back deep rufescent brown ; * sides of the head very dark slate-grey.
Throat white, rest of under surface deep ochraceous.
Obs. From the scanty material at hand it is difficult to say whether this form is
really distinct from P. s. griseiceps. Nos. 2 and 3 have the cap decidedly darker,
more blackish, than any specimens of the latter race, but No. 1 approaches it very
closely in that respect. Other differences do not exist, for the colour of the back
and belly, npon which Salvin, when describing P. griseiceps, laid much stress,
proves to be variable. None of the specimens seen by me being sexed, I cannot
say whether the sexes are alike or not, but probably the female has less white on
the crown as is the case in the allied forms.
(b) F'lati/rinchus senex griseiceps Salv.
Plali/rlii/iichiis griseiceps Salvin, Bull. B. 0. C. no. xlviii. p. xv. (Nov. 1897. — " Aunai.f British
Guiana"); Berlepscli & Hartert, .Voc. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 37 (Caura, Venezuela).
P. roxidliix (uec Latham) Pelzeln, Zur Ornilh. Bras. ii. 1868. p. lOll (part. : Serra Carauman, Rio
Branco).
P. sene.r (nee Sclater & Salvin) Hartert & Hellmayr, Bull. B. (). C. xii. 1902. p. 04 (.Serra
Carauman).
Ha//. British tiuiauii : Onrumee (H. Whitely, jun.). Surinam: near Paramaribo
(Chunkoo). N.E. Brazil : Serra Carauman, on the Rio Branco (Natterer;. East
Venezuela, Caura Valley : Suapure (Klages), Nicare, La Pricion (E. Andr6).
* The term *• yellowish olive" usetl by Dr. Sclater {I.e. p. ti5) is altogether misleading,
t This is a mistake, the tjpe being from Ourumee.
63
35
m '
Go
35
13
59
30^
13
58
30
12
60—65
30-
-35
12—13
64J
32
13
61
32,
34
12
611—64
33-
-36
12-13
63
37
12
(287 )
Ti/pe locality : Ournmee, British Guiana.
Specimens examined :
Wing. Tail. Bill.
1. Mns. Brit. <? ad., Ourumee, Oct. 31, 1890.
T//pf of species 63 35 12| mm.
2. Mns. Brit. S ad,, Ournmee, Oct. 9, 1890
3. Mns. Brit. ? ad., Onrnraee, Oct. 31, 1890
4. Mns. Tring. ¥ ad., Ourumee, Sept. 29, 1890 .
5-9. Mns. Tring. d <S ad., Surinam
10. Mns. Tring. <? imm., Surinam
11, 12. Mus. Tring. ¥ ¥ ad., Surinam .
13-16. Mns. Tring. d d imm., (.lanra Valle.v, Venez,
17. Mns. Monac. S ad., Caura Valley, Venez.
18. Mus. Vindob. <S ad., Serra Caranmau, Rio
Branco, June 7, 1832 65 34i 12 „
Adult. Top of the head lighter than in P. s. senex, slate-grey, sides of the head
also averaging paler grey. Males with a large white coronal patch, females without
or with very little white. Back clear rufescent or russet-brown.
Obs. Nos. 1, 3, and 4 have the abdomen distinctly paler, sulphur-yellow, than
the rest of the belly, which is bright ochraceous, while in a series from Venezuela
and in the bird from the Rio Branco all the under surface (e.Kcept the white throat)
is uniform deep ochraceous (like P. s. senex). As, however. No. 2 (Ournmee) and
the examples from Surinam agree with the Venezuelan ones, this slight difference
must be purely individual. Notwithstanding our former affirmation {Bull. B. 0. C.
xii. p. 64), Natterer's male from the Rio Branco undoubtedly belongs to P. s.
qriseiceps ; it is perfectly identical with some of the Caura specimens.
The colour of the back is rather variable in my series. Some examples {e.g.
Nos. 1, 3, etc.) are indeed lighter than P. s. senex, but others (Nos. 4, 13-15)
match them exactly, and No. 17 (Caura) is even darker and more rufescent brown.
((") Platt/rinchus senex nattereri Hart. & Hellm.
Ilab. Central Brazil, Rio Madeira, east bank : Salto do Girao (Natterer),
Calama (Hoffmanns), Marnins on the Rio Machados (Hoffmanns).
Type locality : Salto do Girao.
Specimen.'^ examined : vide supra.
Adult. Similar to P. s. griseiceps in having the head slate-grey, but differing
by the much paler, greenish olive-brown colour of the back.
91. Platyrinchus coronatus coronatus Scl.
Plalyrhynchus coronalus Sclater, Pruc. Zool. Soc. Loml. xxvi. 18,08. p. 71 (1858.— Rio Napo, Eastern
Ecuador).
P. e. coroiiatUK Hellmayr, Noi'. Zuol. xiv. 1907. p. 354 (Humaytha, Paraiso).
Nos. 40, 161, 3(J4, 456. cJJad., Calama, 15. vi., 3, 30. vii., 26. viii. 1907.
"Iris brown, feet grey, bill black, below grey." — Wing 55 — 58i ; tail 25 — 28 ; bill
12 mm.
No. 5. ¥ ad., Calama, 8. vi. 1907. Soft parts as above. — Wing 54 ; tail 24;
bill lU mm.
Nos. 898, 924. cJ<Jad., Maruins, 2, 12. vi. 1908.— Wing 54, 68 ; tail 25, 27 ;
bill 11 J mm.
No. 891. d imm., Marnins, 31. v. 1908.- Wing 04 ; tail 24 ; bill 11 mm.
( 288 )
The series fully corroborates what I have said about the distinguishing
characters of P. c. coronatiis and P. c. siiperciliaris. Iii addition to the differ-
ences mentioned Lc, the rufescent brown edges to the rectrices are another point
that will serve to recognize the former race. The adult males have a large golden
yellow coronal [latch bordered laterally by a broad tawny stripe, whereas in the
female and young male the whole jiilonni is fawny ochraceous. Cheeks and under
parts are always maize-yellow, with a buH'y brown wash on chest and sides.
92. Todirostrum maculatum signatum Scl. & Salv.
[Toihis maculittiis Desmarest, Hist. Nul. Taiiguras, etc., pi. 70 (1805.— " Guiaae," so. Cayenne).]
Todirostrum signatum Selater & Salvia, lOis 1881. p. 267 (1881.— N.E. Peru).
Nos. 102, 147. Adult, juv., Calama, 24. vi., 2. vii. 1907.— Wing 4.=., 43A ; tail
35, 32; bill 14, 12 mm.
No. 848. c? ad, Marmellos, 22. xii. 1907.— Wing 47 : tail 35 ; bill 14 mm.
"Iris yellow (brown in No. 147, juv.), leet plumbeous, bill black, below
grey."
The adult birds agree perfectly with several toputypical specimens from North-
Eastern Pern (Nanta). A series from the Rio Napo (Wiener coll., Paris Mnseum),
the examples obtained by Natterer on the Rio Negro and Rio Branco,* as well as
skins from Teffe, Rio Jurua, and Itaituba, west bank of Tapajoz, belong likewise
to the same race. All of these many specimens differ from a good series of true
T. m. macuhdiaii, from Cayenne, Surinam, and British Guiana, by having the
feathers of the forehead ami vertex clear slate-grey with small dusky discs, and
mostly with narrow white lateral edges ; while iu the typical form, the front
and forepart of the crown are distinctly black, with the white edges more
pronounced.
T. m. siqnatam has a much wider range than was hitherto supposed. la
fact all the specimens I have seen except the Guianau ones proved to belong to
this race. I have examined examples from the following localities : Nauta (4),
Iqnitos (1), Rio Napo (0), Teff6 (1), Rio Madeira (3), Itaituba (l),t Rio Jurmi (1) ;
Rio Negro : Barcellos (4), C'arvoeiro (3), Forte do Rio Branco (1).
T. m. maculatum (Desm.) is evidently confined to the coast district of Cayenne,
Surinam, and British Guiana (Bartica Grove). It may, however, be that the birds
from Para, Mexiana, Tocantins, and Santarem are also referable to the typical race,
but as yet I have not seen skins from any of these localities.
93. Todirosti-um clirysocrotaphum Strickl.
Tudirostrum clirijsocrulnphum Strickland in Cuntrii. to Oniitli. ISiO, Iltustr. Ornith. p. 48. pi. (49).
fig. sup. (1850.— Peru).
No. 830. tJ imm., Marmellos, 19. xii. 1907. " Iris dark brown, feet plumbeous,
bill black, below dark grey."— Wing 4Ui ; tail 30 ; bill 12* mm.
Identical with a Bolivian sjaecimen, except that the hind-crown is slightly
washed with greenish olive, and the auricular patch blackish olive instead of deep
black, both apparent signs of immaturity.
New to the fauna of Brazil.
• T. maculatum Felzelu, 2ur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 101.
f Miss Snethlage (Journ.f. Urn. 190S. p. 501) erroneously refers the Tapaj6z birds to T. tiiaaitutiivi,
C'f. my remarks in iVw. Jioul. xiv. 1907. p. 11.
( 289 )
71 illigeri Cab. & Heine,* syaonymized with T. chnjsocrotapkvm by Dr. Sclater,
is evidently quite a good form, differing by its wliite throat and by the possession
of a distinct black monstachial stripe. I have examined the type in the Berlin
Museum.
[04. Todirostrum senex (Pek.).
KiiSfurHinnis sene.r Pelzeln, Znr Ornitli. Bras. ii. p. ll?i (ISGit. — Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
The type specimen, an adult male, obtained by Natterer in Jane 1830, is still
nniqne in the Vienna Museum. Tlianks to the kindness of Dr. von Lorenz, I have
been enabled to examine it, ami have come to the conclusicju that it is more cor-
rectly placed in the genus Todirostrum. The bill has very nearly the same shape as
that of T. fumifrons Hartl., but is somewhat shorter. In the species of Eiiscartlimus,
on the other hand, the bill is much longer, as well as strongly attenuated for its
terminal portion. In coloration, T. sene.v is perhaps nearest to T. nckistaceiceps, —
presents, however, many points of distinction. The back is much darker and duller
green (instead of bright yellowish green) ; the markings of the wing-coverts and
inner secondaries are much paler, whitish yellow (not deep olive-yellow) ; the
cheeks, ocular and auricular regions clear isabelle (instead of dark slate-grey) ; the
throat and foreueck white with distinct, though narrow, brownish shaft-streaks ;
on the top of the head the slate-grey is confined to the forehead and occiput,
while the hind-crown and nape are green like the back, etc., etc. Moreover, the
bill and tail are much shorter.
The type measures : wing 48 ; tail 34 ; bill 12 mm.]
[05. Todirostrum latirostre fPelz.).
EuKcarlhnm lathrKliis Pelzeln, Zar Oni. Bras. ii. p. 173 (ISliS.— Borba) ; cf. Hellmajr, Nov. Zool.
xW. p. 47 (crit.).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). Rather widely distributed in Upper
Amazonia.]
00. Euscarthmus striaticollis striaticoUis (Lafr.).
Todirnslrum strialicoUe L'lfresnaye, Itir. }[ug. Z,„il. (■>). v, p. 58 (18;)3.— Bahia).
Eusrurlhmiis striaticollis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 101 (Mattogroaso, Rio Guapore').
Nos. fi41, 683. i{?) ¥ ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8, 11. x. lOoT.— Wing ;VH,
49 ; tail — ; bill 13 mm.
" Ills yellow, feet brown, bill black."
Agrees with the Araguaya specimen (Xor. Zool. xv. 1008. p. 42) in the dull
green colour of the upper parts, and in having only the anterior part of the pileum
mouse-brown, but the belly is clearer yellow witli barely any greenish shade on
the chest.
This is not the first record of the species from Amazonia, for (,'hajimanf has
already listed a specimen from [Sautarem. Count Berlepsch possesses a skin
obtained by Dr. Hahnel on the Lower Amazons, but the exact locality is not
indicated.
£. sfriaticoll/'.s, E. /'o/taiui/s, and E. zosterops form a natural group, repre-
♦ Mus. Ileiitean. ii. p. 49 (1859.—" Para," type in Berlin Museum, Xo. 2869).
t Auk, 1890, p. 270.
19
( 290 )
senting each other geojjraiiliieally. In structural details — shape of the nostrils,
wiiig-formula, and form of the tail— they are practically identical, and ditl'er only
in slight colour characters.
(«) £. striaticollis striaticollis (Lafr.).
Central and Eastern Brazil : Bahia (many specimens in various collections
examined) ; Goyaz : liio Araguaya (Natterer, Baer) ; Mattogrosso: Ohapada (Smith),
Villa Maria, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso (Natterer); S. Isabel, Rio Madeira
(Hoftmauns) ; Santavem, Rio Tajiajiiz (Smith).
Characters. Crown, at least anterior part, monse-brown, more or less contrasting
with the green of the back. Nasal feathers and lores white. Cheeks and ear-
coverts pale brown. Throat white and, like the chest, very distinctly streaked with
blackish; breast and abdomen bright yellow, flanks and sometimes chest also
shaded with greenish. Upper wiug-coverts dusky edged with the colour of the
back. Wing : SS 53—55, ? ? 48—50 ; tail : iS 44-45, ? ? 37—40 mm.
Examined. 1 c? ad,, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso ; 2 S S ad., Rio Araguaya,
Goyaz; 1 cJ, 1 ?, S. Isabel, Rio Madeira ; 9 ad. and jnv., Bahia ; 1 (?) ad., Lower
Amazons (Hahnel).
{b) E. striaticollis iohannis Snethlage.
EtiScaHhmus iohaimis Snethlage, Oni. Monber. xv. p. 193 (1907.— Monte Verde, Rio Punls).
E. zosterops (nee Pelzeln) Snethlage, Juurn.f. Orn. 1908. p. 12 (Monte Verde, Rio Puriis).
Hab. W. Brazil : Monte Verde, on the Rio Purus.
Characters. Differs from the preceding form by its rusty buff (not white) lores
and eyelid, paler brown legs, and by having the whole pileam (from the forehead
to the nape) uniform green like the back. The edges to the upper wing-coverts
are slightly more yellowish green, the axillaries deei)er yellow than in E. s.
striaticollis. Under parts exactly as in the latter : throat white with conspicuous
blackish streaks, breast and abdomen bright yellow, chest slightly washed with
greenish.
Ti/pe of species : Para Museum, No. 3539. J ad., Rio Purus (Monte Verde),
February 20, 1904.— Wing 55 ; tail 43; bill 12 mm.
N.B. — By mistake the type was recorded s.n. E. zosterops in Miss Snethlage's
report on the Punis collections.
(<•) E. striaticollis zosterops Pelz.
EuscarlhmuK zosterops Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras. ii. p. 173 (1868— part. : descr. et hab. Marabitanas ;
cf. Noe. Zool. xiv. 1907 pp. HS.i-B) ; (?) Salvador! & Festa, Boll. Mus. Torino xiv. no. 3(J-2. p. 5
(18;i9.— Rio Santiago, Eastern Ecuador).
Hub. N.W. Brazil : Marabitanas and Sau (Carlos,* upper Rio Negro (Natterer).
(?) Eastern Ecuador: Rio Santiago (Festa).
Characters. Upper parts much duller green than in E. s. striaticollis and
E. s. iohannis, frontal edge slightly mixed witii ashy. Lores and eyelid dull white,
cheeks and ear-coverts ashy, faintly tinged with olive posteriorly. Median and
greater upper wing-coverts dusky, each feather with a well-defined, ])ale yellow
apical spot, forming two distinct wing-bands. Under parts pale, " primrose-
vellow" (Ridgw., Nomencl. vi. fig. 13), chin nearly whitish; throat obsoletely
* San Carlos, though nut mentioned on p. 173, is included among the localities given under the
heailing o£ the species in the general list (p. 102 of Pelzeln's work).
(291 )
striated with pale grej'isli, cbest faintly tlammulated with the same. Axillaries
pale yellow.
Vienna Mnsenm, No. 17738. (? ad., Marabitanas, March 13, 1831. Type of
species. — Wiug 52 ; tail 48; hill 11 miu.
Vienna Museum, No. 17T39. c? ad., Rio Negro, below S. Carlos, February 14,
]831._Wing 51 ; tail 48 ; bill 12 mm.
N.B. — I have not seen specimens from Eastern Ecuador. In Peru a nearly
allied, but sufficiently distinct, form is met with. There are three examples of it
in the Paris Museum, obtained by Gomte de Castelnau. It will shortly be described
in anotlier connection.
97. Snethlagea minor (Snethlage).
Euscarlhmus sosterops minor Snethlage, Orn. Munber. xv. p. 193 (1907. — Arumatlieua, R. Tocantins) ;
Journ.f. Orn. 1908. p. 525.
E. zonlerops (neo Pelzeln) Pelzeln, Znr Orn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 102 (part. : Eorba) ; Hellmayr, Niiv.
Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 355 (Borba) ; Snethlage, Journ.f. Orn. 1908. p. 501 (Villa Braga, Tapajdz).
Nos. 269, 317. cj ad., Jjuv., Calama, 25. vii., 1. viii. 1907.— Wing 51, 52;
tail 39 J, 42 ; bill 10 mm.
No. 761. (?) Allianca, 8. xi. 1907.— Wing 43 ; tail 35 ; bill lOi mm.
No. 902. S ad., Maruins, 3. vi. 1908.— Wing 52 ; tail 39 ; bill lOf mm. (Mus-
Munich.)
[No. 1459. c? ad., Borba, 11. xii. 1900.— Wing 50i ; tail 38; bill 11 mm.
(E. zosterops apnd Hellm., Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 355).
No. 1334. ? ad., Borba, 14. xi. 1906. — Wing 46; tail 34; bill 11mm.
(E. zosterops apnd Hellm., Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 355).
Vienna Mnseum, No. 17740. ? ad., Borba, 23. vi. 1830 (Natterer coll.).^
Wing 45; tail 33; bill 10 mm.
Para Museum, No. 5401. c? ad., Arumatheua, Tocantins, 26. iv. 1907 (Sneth-
lage coll.). Ti/pe of species. — Wing 48 ; tail 41 ; bill 11 mm.
Para Mnseum, No. 5400. ? ad., Arumatheua, 25. iv. 1907. — Wing 43; tail 32 ;
bill lOi mm,]
" Iris pale yellow, feet grey, bill blackish grey."
Count Berlepsch has pointed out that the E. zosterops minor of Snethlage
is quite distinct from the true E. zosterops Pelz., and accordingly proposed the
new generic terra Snetldagea for it.* Besides the above-mentioned specimens I
have examined, in the British Museum, the adult male from Borba, obtained by
Natterer February 12, 1830, and described by Mr. P. L. Sclater s.n. E. zosterops,f
and found them all to belong to the present species. S. minor, though resembling
Euscarthmus zosterops in general coloration, differs by the singular shape of the
nostrils, which are very large, nearly circular, and quite exposed, and by the strongly
rounded tail, in which the central rectrices are longest, being about 5 mm. longer
tiian the outermost. In E. zo.'iterops, on the other hand, the nostrils are situated
in an operculate fossa, with the narrow, slit-like nasal opening near its lower edge ;
the tail is also strongly rounded, but at the same time distinctly emarginate, the
central rectrices being slightly shorter than the submedian ones.
Adult males of S. minor have the rictal bristles exceedingly well developed,
reaching nearly to the tip of the bill. In coloration the specimens from the
* Berlepscli, Journ.f. Orn. lyoy. p. lOi (Type: Kuacarthinui zosterops minor Snetbl,),
t Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. 1888. p. 79 (Borba).
( 292 )
Rio Madeira agree peWectly with those from the Tocantiiis. The S ad. from
Maruins has tlie middle of tiie abdomen whitish, exactly like the tj'pe (No. r)4(Jl
Pan'i Miiseiira). Miss Snethlage (in litt.) infurras me that the skin from Villa
Braga, recorded s.n. E. .^oa/i'rojjs, is likewise referiihle to -S'. minor.
S. minor is at yet only known from the Rio Madeini, Tapajoz, and Tocantins.
OS. Orchilus ecaudatus (Lal'r. & D'Orh.).
TuiU 1(1x1 rum fraiiiliiliim Lafresnayo & D'Orbigny, Si/ii. Ai\ i. m Mmj. Zn.il. cl. ii. p. 47 (18.'!7. —
Yuracares, Eastern Bolivia).
Orchilus eiviiuliiliis Pelzein, l.r. p. 102 (Salto do Girao).
Nos. 53, 315, 392. cJc? ad., Calama, IT. vi., 1, l."i. viii. I'jnT.— Wing 33—34^ ;
tail 131—15 ; bill 9| — 10 mm.
No. 03.\ ? ad.,"s. Isabel, Rio Preto, 7. x. 1007.— Wing 33; tail 13; bill
0 mm.
" Iris brown, feet greyish yellow, bill blaek."
This curions bird is widely distribnted all over South America, east of the
Andes, from Trinidad and Venezuela down to Northern Bolivia.
['J'.t. Stigmatura budytoides budytoides (Lafr. & D'Orb.).
Citliilcora hudjitoklfs Litresnaye & D'Orbigny, Siiii. Ai\ i. in Maij. Znol. cl. ii. p. 56 (18.37. —Valle
Grande, Bolivia).
Stigmatiira huihjtokles Pelzein, I.e. p. 104 (Barra do Rio Jamary, Rio Madeira).
Month of the Rio Jamary (Nattercr).
Natterer's specimens agree with others from Bolivia. Mr. Hoffmanns obtained
it also at Urncuriti'iba, left bank of the Tapajoz.*
In Argentine it is represented by the nearly allied .S'. btuli/toides flavocinerea
(Biu-m.).t]
loo. Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus (Licht.).
Masciaijia iiUiujiiien Lichtenstein, Ver::. Dubl. Berliner .!/««. p. f)5 (IS'23. — Bahia).
Mionectes oleaginem Pelzein, I.e. p. 104 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 356 (Humaytha).
Nos. 144, 374, 407. cJ J ad., Calama, 3. vii., 12, 20. viii. IKOT.— Wing 00—03;
tail 49—501 ; bill 11 mm.
No. 143. ? ad., Calama, 1. vii. 1907.— Wing 57J ; tail 40 ; bill 101 mm.
No. 503. cJ imm., Jamary sinho, 17. ix. 1907.— Wing 04 ; tail 50 ; bill 11 ram.
" Iris brown, feet and bill grey or greyish brown."
Identical with specimens from Bahia and Bogota collections.
[101. Tyrannulus elatus (Lath.).
Si/hia elatn Latham, In.l. Ornilli. ii. p. 54'.i (17110.— based on D'AuWenton, PI. enl. 708. fig. 2 :
Cayenne).
Tiiraiiiiului eluliis Pelzein, I.e. p. lOli (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Nattcr.'rj.
The specimens from Borba, as well as those from otlier Amazonian localities,
• Cl. Nur. Zool. .xiv. p. 1 1 .
I Phiilhtcarles Jtaco-cincrcus Buniieister, //cm' I.a Plata Slant, ii. p. 45.'; (ISGl.—Mendoza, Sierra
de Uspallatii;.
( 293 )
are perfectl)' similiir to (Jayenne skins. Of. my remarks in Ahhandl. Bai/cr. Akad.
Wissensch. II. CI. vol. xxii. 3. pp. 640-41.
T. elatu.'i is widely distributed in Amazonia.]
I"'-. Tyranniscus gracilipes Scl. & Sal v.
Tyranniscus griicilijii"i Sclater & Salvin, Pfir. ZjoI. So<\ Lniicl. 1837. p. 981 (ISliS. — Pebas, N.E.
Peru).
No. fi58. c^ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 9. .x. 1007.— Wing 48; tail 42; bill
8J mm.
No. 638. ? imm., S. Isabel, 7. x. 1907.— Wing 44 ; tail 37 ; bill 8 ram.
No. 1040. ? ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 21. vii. lOnS.— Wing 45 ; tail 38 ;
bill 8 mm.
" Iris yellow, feet and bill black."
The three skins are very uniform inter .s.\ The back is bright grass-green, the
bill large and somewhat blunt. An adult bird from Salinas, Beni, Eastern Bolivia,
in the Tring Museum, has the under parts, including the throat, of a mucli deeper
olive-yellow, the ear-coverts brighter yellowish olive-green, and the bill decidedly
longer. A series from the Roraima Mts. (British Guiana) and the upper Rio
Negro (R. Icanna, Barcellos, Marabitanas)* differ from the preceding ones by their
much duller, olive-green back, and much narrower, slenderer bill. An ajiparently
immature female from Maipures (Orinoco R.), however, agrees perfectly with
Mr. Hoffmanns' examples. The type from Pebas (iu the British Museum) should
be re-examined in order to ascertain the exact application of the name gracilipes.
103. Elaenia flavogaster spectabilis Pelz.
[P(/)ra ^acojas(cr Thunberg, Mem. .lead. St. Pelershg. v'm. p. 28(3(1822. — Brazil ; cf. Lbnaberg, Ibis
1903. p. 241).]
Elainea spectabilis Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bran. ii. p. 170 (1868. — Goiaz t) ; Berlepsch & Leverkuhn,
Oriiis vi. 1890. p. 13 (Araguaya, Goiaz, Jaragua, Maria Ropa : state of Goyaz) ; Borlepsch,
I.e.. xiv. 1907. p. .389.
No. 482. Adult, (Jalama, 29. viii. 1907. " Iris dark brown, feet and bill
black."— Wing 88 ; tail 77 ; bill 12i mm.
No. 441. Av. junior in moult, Calaraa, 23. viii. 1907. "Iris greyish brown,
feet black, bill grey." — Bill 12 mm.
The adult bird (No. 4s2) agrees with Natterer's typef in every respect. Both
have a little white at the extreme base of some of the crest feathers. It differs,
however, from the two specimens iu the Vienna Museum and another adult <S from
Araguaya, Goyaz, in Mus. Berlepsch by its rather lighter, more greenish upper
surface; this trifling variation is very likely individual. As correctly pointed
out by Berlepsch & Leverkiihn, Vi. /. spectabilis may be readily distinguished
from E. f. Jlavogaster { = pagana auct.) by its much larger size and much stronger
as well as longer bill. In seven specimens (five from Goyaz, one each from
Calama and Barcellos, Rio Negro) the wing measures from 88 to 92, the tail
from 79 to 85 mm.
• "Mijinpatis jiiisilln (?)" Tclzcln, Zur Dm. Ilras. ii. ISfiS. p. lOfi (part.).
t Although relzcin {I.e. p. 17ti) say.s that N':itt,erer .sent only a single male of this species, the Vienna
Museum possesses two specimens from Natterer's travels: an adult male taken at the city of Goyaz
August Ifi, 182.'?, which is to he considerefl as the type,*an(l an adult male obtained at Barcellos, Ilio
Negro, August 31, 1831. Tlie latter localitv alone is mentioned in the systematic list of Pelzeln's book
(p. 107).
( 294 )
104. Elaenia parvirostris Pelz.
Elainea panirostrii' Pelzeln, Ziir Ornilh. Bini. ii. pp. IU7, 178 (I8t)H — Curytiba (I'jp'') ; Borba, Rio
Madeira ; Barcellos, R. Negro).
No. 1046. (? ad., Maniins, Rio Machados, 21. vii. 1908. " Iris and feet black,
bill black, lower maiidiiile llesli-coloiir." — Wing 78 ; tail 68 ; bill In mm.
Larger than any other specimen I have seen, but in coloration typical of
E. parnrostris. This species has a wide range, being fjund from Southern Brazil
northwards to British Gaiana, Venezuela, and Eastern Colombia (Bogota coll.).
[105. Elaenia ruficeps Pelz.
Elainea riificepi Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 103, 179 (1868. — Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
This species is also recorded from Sonthern French Guiana (Oyapoc), and from
the Mernme Hills, in British Guiana ; but specimens from these places require
careful comparison with the type in the Vienna Museum.]
[UK). Elaenia gaimardii gaimardii (D'Orb.).
MiiAdrripnra GaimanJii D'Orbigny, V'^'/cr/e, IJi<i;in.r, p. 320 (betiveon 18,38 — 1847.~Yuracares, East
Bolivia).
Elainea elegniis Pelzeln, /.f. pp. 107, 179 (Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso ; Borba, etc.).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Specimens from the Rio Madeira district agree with one of D'Orbigny's typical
examples for the loan of which I am indebted to my friend M. M^negaux, of the
Paris Museum.]
[106a. Elaenia flavivertex Scl.
Elainea flavivertex Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1887. p. 49 (1887. — Upper Ucayali, Eastern
Peru).
E. implacens (nee Sclater) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 108 (part. : Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
A single young male, partly in nestling plumage, was obtained by Natterer
February 7, 1830.— Wing 58 ; tail 50 ; bill 10 mm.
Although young, it unquestionably belongs to the present species. This is
clearly indicated by the dull olive-green back, the short tail, the broad bill, and
particularly by the newly grown greater upper wing-coverts being distinctly tii)ped
with light yellow. Count Berlepsch agrees to my identification. E. Jiadcertex
is new to the Brazilian fauna. Hitherto it had been recorded from Eastern Peru
(Upper Ucayali, Elvira, Nauta), Venezuela (Munduapo, Upper Orinoco), and French
Guiana (Uoche-Marie).]
lOT. Legatus albicoUis albicoUis (Vieill.).
Tyrannus albii-uUin Vieillot, Xv a: Did. xxxv. p. Kl (1K19.— e.\ Azara ; Par.iguay).
No. 474. c? ad., Calama, 28. viii. 1907.— Wing 78J ; tail 59 ; bill 1 lA mm.
No. 883. J ad.. Fall 2d Novembro, Rio Machados: 13. i. 1908.— Wing 79 ;
tail 59 ; bill 12 mm.
Identical with examples from South Brazil and Bahia.
( 295 )
[108. Myiozetetes similis similis (Spix).
Musri'-apa Pimilis Spix, .4". Birifs. ii. p. 18. pi. xxv. (ISi.'i. — "ad fliimen Amazonum"; cf. Ahhamll,
Buyer. Ak-ad. Wi-isPiixrh. II. CI. vol. xxii. 3. p. IU9).
Myiozetetes cnlumbianufi (nee C.iljanis & Heine) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 109 (part. : Rio Madeira).
Rio Madeira below Sa ) Joao do Crato (Natterer_).
This bird, an adult female, obtained November 14, 1830, is indistinguishable
from Bahia and Sao Paulo examjiles.]
[109. Myiozetetes luteiventris (Scl.).
Elaeiiia Iideii'enlri.'i Sclater, Proc. Znol. Soc. Loml. xxvi. 18.58. p. 71 (18.58. — Rio Napo, East
Ecuador).
Myiozetetes luteiventris Pelzeln, I.e. p. 109 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
The two specimens, S ad., ? , in the Vienna Museum are slightly smaller
(wing 78, TO ; tail 66, 62 mm.) than two adult males from the Rio Napo, resp.
Jarua (wing 82; tail T<i — 71 mm.), but the difference should be confirmed bj'
larger series.]
lit). Ramphotrigon ruficauda (Spix).
Platyrhynrliiis rufiemidd Spix, .ir. Bras. ii. p. 9. pi. xi. Bg. 1 (18:i.5. — "in sylvis fl. Amazonum ").
Rhytichorydus rufiraiirla Pelzeln, Ziir Orii. Bras. ii. p. 110 (Borba).
Ramphotrigon ruficauda Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 356 (Humaytha).
Nos. 154, 465. S ad., i imm., Calama, 21. vii., 27. viii. 1907.— Wing 76, 78
tail 70^, 73 ; bill 15 ram.
No. 1031. S ad., Maruins, 18. vii. lOijs.— Wing 77 ; tail 70 ; bill 16 mm.
Nos. 908, 1032. ? ? ad., Maruins, 5. vi., 18. vii. 1908.— Wing 72, 74 ; tail
66, 67; bill 14, 15 mm.
Practically identical with the ty|ies in the Munich Museum. As will be seen
from the above measurements, the males are decidedly larger than the females.
111. Craspedoprion olivaceus (Temm.).
Plaliirhi/nrho.'i olivaceus Temminok, /'/. :-nl. livr. L'. pi. 12. fig. 1 (1820. — Bresil " ; we fi.\ Bahin as
type locality).
No. 857. ? imm., Blarmellos, 24. xii. 1907. — Wing 66 ; tail 56 mm.
" Iris blackish brown, feet plumbeous, bill black, below greyish red."
Agrees in coloration with specimens from Par^ and C'ayeune, but is smaller,
and paler greenish on throat, foreneck, and flanks. These slight differences are
most probably due to its being immature. Typical East Brazilian (Baliia, Rio)
skins have the fulvous edges to the upper wing-coverts rather broader and deeper
in tint (cf. Noi\ Zool. xiii. p. 361). C. o/ieaeeus is new to the fauna of the
Madeira district.
112. Rhynchocyclu3 flaviventris borbae HelJm.
[Musciiiela Jlnvivfnfris Wied, Beitr. Xaturf/. Bnn. 3. ii. p. 929 (1831. — Mucuri and Alcoba^a,
Southern Bahia, E. Brazil).]
Rhynrhiicyel US fliicirr liter borbae Hellmayr, Verhandl. Znol. But. Gesellsrh. ]y'i,n liii. p. 208 (19J3. —
Borba, Rio Madeira).
R.ftavirentrr Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras, ii. p. 110 (Borba).
R. viridici'ps (nee Sclater & Salvin) Snethlage, .lonni. f. Orn. 1908. p. 12 (Monte Verde, Rio
Puriis).
No. 853. Adult (not sexed), Marmellos, 22. xii. 1907. " Iris brownish grey,
feet plumbeous, bill black, below grey." — Wing 55 ; tail 48 ; bill 11 J ram.
( 296 )
[Mil?. Goeldi (raia), No. 3540. ?, Monte Verde, Rio Panis, 25. vi. Kiii4.—
Wing 57A ; tail 48 ; bill 11 mm.]
Tlie two specimens agree with the typical series from l?orl)a in the coloration
of the lower j)arts and in the olive-yellow loral streak, but difl'er liy their decidedly
brighter, pure grass-green (instead of yellowish green) upper surface. In this
respect they ajiproach R. f. eiridici'ps* from North Peru (Pebas) and Eastern
Ecuador (Napo). The latter, however, has the throat and chest distinctly light
green like the sides, uot clear olive-yellow as R. f. borbae. From both form.s,
B. f. Jatiirntris, of Easterii Brazil, etc., differs by having the lower parts,
especially the throat and chest, much deeper, gamboge-yellow ; the loral streak
more clearly defined, rusty yellow or orange; .and the n]]jier wing-coverts more
conspicuously edged with clear yellow.
Characters and range of the three races are as follows : —
(«) R. ^ffaviventris ^fiariventris (Wied).
Hab. Eastern Brazil : Southern Bahia (Alcobara, Mncuri), Goyaz (Rip
Araguaya), Tocantins (Arumatheua), Tapajuz (Goyana).t N.E. Brazil : Forte do
Rio Briinco (Natterer). British Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago. North
Colombia (Santa Marta).
Arlult. Upper parts bright yellowish green ; median and greater upper wiug-
coverts with well-defined, broad edges of deep olive-yellow. Lores and eyelid deep
rusty yellow or dull orange, conspicuously contrasted with the green of the crown
and yellowish green of the cheeks, etc. Under parts deep gamboge-yellow, throat
and chest often tinged with dull ochraceous.
Wing 55 — 62 ; tail 47 — 55 mm.
Examined fifty-one specimens from Brazil, Brit. Guiana, Venezuela, Tobago,
etc. Specimens from the Tapajoz and Tocantins Rivers are clearly referable to
R. f.Jiaxiceiitiis, though some of them slightly point towards R. f. borbae. I
am indebted to Miss Snethlage for the loan of the series contained in the Pani
Iilusenm.
(b) R. fiavirentris borbae Hellm.
Hub. W. Brazil : Borba, Marmcllos, on the Rio Madeira (Natterer, Hoffmanns) ;
Monte Verde, Rio Puri'is (Mus. Goeldi).
Adult. Upper parts less yellowish green, sometimes (in Marmellos and Purus
examples) even pure grass-green. Median wing-coverts edged with green, like
the back ; greater ones with narrow, ill-defined, greenish yellow margins. Narrow
loral streak dull olive-yellow, rarely distinctly rusty yellow (in two from Borba).
Under parts pale olive-yellow, slightly darUiT on throat and chest.
Wing 55 — 59 ; tail 47 — 5ii mm.
Examined: five adults from Borba, including the types; one each from
Marmellos and I\Ionte Verde, Purus.
(e) R. Jlavirentria viridic<>i>.i Scl. & Salv.
Hfib. North Pern: Pebas (ITanxwell ; tyi)e). Eastern Ecuador: Rio Napo
(Petit). [Central Peru : La Merced, ( 'hanchamayo (Kalinowskij.]
Adult. Loral streak and upper wing coverts as in I'.f. borbae, but upper parts
• II. rh'ilicepi SclatcT & Salvin, Proc. Ziwl. Soc. Lond. 1S73. p, 280 (I'cbas, N. rem).
■ Snet'.ilage, Journ.f. Orn. Ifl08. pp. 503, 527.
( 297 )
of a rather purer grass-green ; throat, chest, and sides decidedly washed with
greenish.
Wiug 5(), 5sl ; tail 45, 47^ mm.
Examined: one i ad. from Peba3 (t3-pe) ia the British Museum; one adnlt,
Rio Napo, in tlic Trin;,'-, and two adult males. La Merced, C Peru, in the Braniolci
Museum.
Ohs. Tin' two last-named skins are larger (wing (lO^r, 63A ; tail 49|, 53 mm.),
and may again lie different. The Napo liird is practically identical with the type.
IKi. Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens assimilis Polz.
[^PhitUrhiiiKhia suJp'iiirenri-in Spix, Av. linn. ii. p. 11). pi. xii. fig. 1 {■'(J") (182,5.— Rio de
Janeiro, etc.).]
Rhijiichoi'i/cliis axsimilis Pelzein, Znr Oni/lh. C/m. ii. pp. 110, 181 (1868. — Engenho do Gama, Rio
Guapore ; Boiba, Rio Madeira ; Rio Negro, Barra ( = Manaos).*
Nos. 98, 354. c?c? ad., Calama, 23. vi., 8. viii. 1907.— Wing 70, 71 ; tail
57,60; bill 13 mm.
Nos. 217, 333. ?? ad., Calama, 13. vii,, 5. viii. 1907.— Wing (i 5, Gt; tail
60, 51 ; bill 12 mm.
No. 185. juv., Calama, 7. vii. 1907.— Wing 61 ; tail 49 ; bill 12 mm.
Nos. 930, 1045. c?(? ad., Maruins, 14. vi., 21. vii. 1908.— Wing 68,69 ; tail 56;
bill 13 mm.
" Iris lirown, feet and bill black, lower mandible greyish."
The series agrees with Natterer's typical specimens iu the Vienna Museum.
R. s. assimilis, from the Rio Negro and the Madeira district, differs from R. s.
sulpkiirescens, of (Sonth-Easteru Brazil, by its much duller, less yellowish green
back, and by having the pileum nearly uniform slate-grey, with scarcely any
greenish admixture. The other characters — viz. smaller size, paler yellow wing-
markings and under parts, etc. — however, do not hold good.
E.xamples from Northern Pern (Huambo, Xeberos, Chamicuros) agree with
assimilis in the coloration of the cap, but the back is bright olive-green, even
brighter than in sulphurescens. I take them to beloig to R. sulphurescens
peruviiims Tacz.,-f- though 1 have not yet examined skins from the type locality.
114. Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus sclateri Hellm.
Wujnchorjjdus /luliufji'irilas srlaleri Hellmiyi', Verhanll. ZoA. BA. Geselhch. Wien liii. p. 207
(1903.— Barra do Rio Negro).
No. 396. ? ad. (in worn plumage), Calama, 15. viii. 1907.— "Iris yellowish
grey, feet and bill black."— Wing 54 ; tail — ; bill 11 mm.
Agreeing with the type and other specimens from Guiana, Bahia, Rio Negro, etc.
This is the R. megxcephalus of Sclater & Salvia, but not of S.vaiasoa, | as I have
poiated out in another p.aper.§ It is closely allied to R. poliocphxlas Tacz., from
Upper Amazonia, in fact its eastern representative. Ia the following lines I give
a short summary of their characters and geographical distribution, together with
the principal synonymy : —
There are no specimcn.s from S. Vicente, also mentioned by Pelzein, in tlie Viennii Museum,
t H/ii/neliocyclics jieniriamii Taczanowiki, Pioc. Zool. Soc. Land. Isn. p. .i:i7 (Ropavbamba, Centra
Peru).
% Tyrammla megacvphala Swainson, Birds Brazil pi. 47.
§ VerhandK iiwl. But. Gesellsch. Wien liii. 1903. pp. 205-7.
( 298 )
(a) R. poUocephaliis poliocephalus Tacz.
Rhijifhncycliis jiolioeephalus Taozxnowski, Oni. Peroii ii. p. 285 (1884. — Nauta, N.E. Peru ; type in
Mas. H. T. Berlepsoh) ; Sclater, Cat. Birds lirit. Mas. xiv. p. 171 (part.).
R. mfyacephalui (iiec Swainson) Sclator & Salviu, Pro'. Ztnl. Sor. Land. 1866. p. 189 (Upper
Ucayali ; vidi) ; iidem, l.r. 1867. p. 751 (Xeb3ro5: vidi) ; iidem, I.e. 1867. p. 978 (Pebis) ;
iidem, I.e. 1S7:1 p. 280 (E. Peru) ; iidem, ;..-. 1873. p. IKo (Cosnipata, S.E. Peru) ; Taozanowski,
I.e. 1882. p. 20 (Yurimiiguas) ; idem, Ora. Perou ii. 1884. p. 283 (part. : Peru).
R. pnlincrphalw imlioeephahix Hellmayr, Nuc Zonl. xiv. 1907. p. 48 (Teffe).
llab. N.W. Brazil : Teffo, Rio Solimoeas (Hoffinanns). North-Easteni Peru :
Upper Ucayixli, Xeberos (Bartlett), Yurimagnas (Stolzmaan), Pebas, Nanta (Haax-
well). S.E. Peru: Cosnipata (Whitely). Eastera Ecuador: Nap') (spec, in
Mns. H. V. B.).
Character.^. The slate-grej' cap decidedly mi.xed with olive-green, back brighter
green. Lower parts rather bright yellow, throat scarcely jialer than the rest. — •
Wing (c?) 56— oS, (?) o2-o5 ; tail (t?) 47, (?) 4'J— 45 mm.
Examined : 1 adnlt, Nanta (type) ; 1 ? ad.. East Ecuador, in Mns. H. v. B. ;
1 6 ad., Upper Ucayali, July 7, 1865 ; 1 <S ad., Xeberos, June 6, 1866 (E. Bartlett
coll.); 1 ? ad., Teffe (Hoffmanns), all three in the Tring Jlnsenm.
(h) Ii. poh'ocep//ali's sclateri Hellm.
R. pnliocephalux seluteri Hellmayr, Verliandl. Znol. Bol. Gen. Wieii liii. p. 207 (1903. — Barra do Rio
Negro ; crit.) ; idem, Nov. Zwil. xiii. 1906. p. 361 (Prati, Pani) ; Snethlage, Jonrii. f. Ornilh.
1908. p. 527 (Arumatheua, Tocantins) ; Berlepsch, .Viii\ Z'tnl. xv. 1908. p. 131 (Cayenue).
H. sulphiiresceiis (errore 1) Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zonl. Snc. Loiid. 1867. p. 578 (Para : vidi).
B . pnlinaphabia (nom. nud.) Pelzeln, Znr Orii. Bras. ii. 186S. p. 110 (Barra do Rio Negro, Mara-
bitanas, Rio Negro ; Bahia— vidi) ; Sjlater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mua. xiv. p. 171 (part. : specimen
ex Pari— Liyard : vidi) ; Berlepsch & Hartert, Xnr. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 47 (part.* : Nericagua,
Maipures, Suapure).
if. megaeephahis (errore) Layard, Ihis 1873. p. ,383 (Para: vidi) ; Taozauowski, O™. Permi ii. 1884.
p. 283 (part. : Cayenne) ; Salvin, Jbis 1886. p. .501 (Rio Carimang, Brit. Guiana) ; Sclater,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 170.
if. klagesi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xix. p. 115 (1906. — Maripa, Caura, Venezuela).
Bab. North Brazil : Arumatheua, on the R. Tocantins (Snethlage) ; Pard
(Layard, "Wallace), S. Antonio do Prata, near Para (Hoftmanns); Marabitanas and
Barra (= Mauii/w), on the Rio Negro (Xatterer) ; Calama, Rio JLvleira (Hoffmanns).
East Brazil: Bahia (Karamerlaciier coll., Mus. Vindob. ; Mns. Brit.f). Cayenne
(CJherrie, Jelski). Surinam: near Paramaribo (Chnnkoo coll. in Mus. Tring). British
Guiana: Mernme, R. Carimang, Onrumee (Whitely). Venezuela: Nericagua and
]\Iaii)ures, R. Orinoco (Cherrie); Suapure, Maripa, Caura R. (Klages).
Character.^. Cap nearly uniform slate-grey or very slightly suffused with
olive-green ; back duller green than in R. p. poliocephalus. Lower parts pale
yellow, underlaid with pale greyish on the chest ; throat and foreneck greyish
white or, at least, strongly suffused with whitish.
Wing (S) 55—6(1, (?) 52—57 ; tail (c?) 45— 52, (?) 42-45 rara.
Ohs. I am unable to discover any constant differences, connected with distri-
bntion, among a large number of skins from various localities. 7?. klageni is clearly
a synonym of tsclateri, examples from the Caura being in every respect identical
with the types. Moreover, Mr. Ridgway compares his alleged new form only with
R. .Hiilphurexceii.'i, from which it is, of course, quite distinct.
* The examples from La Pricion. Caura. turn out to belong to R. i. fulphumeens.
■f II. megaciphalus Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mmt. xiv. p. 170: specimen a.
( 299 )
Examined: 1 $ ad., Manaos (^y/)e), 1 $ ad., 1 imm., Marabitauas, 1 c?, 1 ?,
Bahia, in the Vienna Mas. ; 1 S ad., Nericagua, in Mns. H. v. B. ; 2 ad. from Pani
(Layard, Wallace coll.), 1 ad., Bahia, in the Brit. Mus. ; 1 S ad., Maipures, \ i,\ ? ,
Suapure, Caura, 1 S, Onrumee, 3 ad., Paramaribo, Surinam, 1 i ad., Prata, Para,
1 ? ad., t'alama, 2 ad., Cayenne, all in the Tring Miisenm.
115. Pitaugus lictor (Lieht.).
L'liiim lictor Lichtenstein, Vers. Dub!. Berliner Mim. p. 49 [182,S.— Pani).
Pitwigu'i lirfnr Hellmayr, yov. ZnoL xiv. p. 35(> (Elumaytha).
No. 535. ? ad., Jamarysinho, 11. i.x. I9o7. "Iris brown, feet and bill black."
—Wing SO : tail 67 ; bill 2o mm.
This bird has a decidedly narrower bill than any of the numerous specimens
before me, but does not otherwise differ.
[110. Myiodynastes maculatus (P. L. S. Milll.).
Muiricapa iiuieuhila P. L. S. Muller, Nulnrxi/sl. Suppl. p. 169 (1776. — 3X D'Aubenton, PI. enl. ib'i.
fig. 2 : Cayenne).
Mi/iiiili/ihides aiidiii: Pelzein, I.e. p. 112 (Borba).
Uight bank : Borba (Natterer).]
[117. Onychorhynchus coroaatus (P. L. S. Mull.).
Cf. .Vor. Zool. .xiv. p. 356 (Humaythn).
Left bank : Humaytha (HoifmaDns).
The species occurs in French Guiana, Venezuela (Caura), Lower Amazonia,
and Northern Peru.]
[lis. Myiobius barbatus barbatus (Gm.).
iluseicapa hirbata Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. 1. ii. p. '.133 (1789.— based on D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 830. fig. I :
Cayenne).
.Vi/iohiiis iMirhiiliis Pelzein, I.e. p. 113 (Borba).
Right bank, Lower Madeira : Borba (Natterer).
A single adult male taken at Borba, February 25, 1829, resembles Cayenne
skins, but is larger (wing 07 ; tail 04 mm.). The foreneck is faintly tinged with
pale ochreous, as is also sometimes the case in specimens from French Guiana.
For the present I must refer it to the typical race.]
119. Myiobius barbatus mastacalis (Wied).
Mitsncapa nuislaenlis Wied, Reise Brasil. it. p. 151 (1821.— R. Catolc', tributary of the Rio
Pardo, Southern Bahia) ; cf. AbhamU. Bayer, .iknd. Wissemrh. If. CI. vol. xxii. 3.
pp. 641-2.
Myiobius barbatus barbatus (errore I) Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 357 (Humaytha).
No. 910. ? ad., Marnins, 7. vi. 1908.— Wing 59| ; tail 57i ; bill lU mm.
No. 875. ((?) juv., Marmellos, 27. xii. 1907.— Wing 57 ; tail 55 ; bill 10 mm.
" Iris brown, feet greyish brown, bill dark grey or blackish, below pale grey."
No. 910, an adult female in full plumage, is very different from topotypical
Cayenne skins of M. b. harhatna in the Munich Museum, and agrees pretty well with
a female from Eastern Brazil {M. b. mastacalis). In both the throat, foreneck,
( 300 )
chest, sides, and under tail-coverts are ochreous buff, the middle of the lower breast
and abdomen alone being pale sulphur-yellow ; crown and mantle dull brownish
olive. The specimens from Humaytha and Marmellos also show a decided ochreous
tinge on throat, chest, etc., though to a lesser ilegree.
1~||. Myiobius erythrurus fulvigularis Salv. A (Jndm.
[Myiobius eri/lhrurui Cabanis in Arch, yaliir;/. l.^. i. p. '.ii'.K jil. h. tig. 1 (1K47. — Ciuiiina,
Cayenne).]
Myiobius fulvigularis Salvin & Godman, Hiul. Criilr. Amcric. ii. p. 58 (1889. — Santa Fc,
Veragua).
M. erijlhrurus (errore !) Pelzeln, l.r. p. 114 (Eogenho do Gama, Borba, Marabitanas, Rio I^anna).
Nos. 67, 80, 207. J<J ad., Calama, 17, 10. vi., U. vii. 1007.— Wing 49— 51 ;
tail 40—42 ; bill 8—0 mm.
No. 020. Adult, Maruins, 14. vi. lOiis.— Wing 50; tail 42; bill 7^ mm.
" Iris browu, feet brown or greyish brown, bill grey."
The series agrees with e.Kamples from Teffe, Bogotii, etc. Natterer's specimens
from the Madeira and Rio Negro belong likewise to this form. t'f. my remarks in
Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 4S.
121. Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus (Bodd.).
Musricapa rubinus Boddaert, Tahl. PI. enl. p. 42 (178.1. — ex BafEon ; ''Pays des Amazoues '').
Pyrocephalus r. rubinus Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 357 (Humaytha).
No. 207. S juv., Calama, 20. vii. 1007. " Iris brown, feet and bill black."
Widely distributed in Bra/.il and Upper Amazonia.
122. Empidonax lawrencei Allen.
Empidoiiax lau-reiicei Allen, B^dl. Amer. Mus. N.Y. ii. p. 150 (1889. — based on Oihlhoeca
flai-iventris Lawrence, Ami. New York .icarl. Sci. iv. 1887. p. (57: lo3. ign.) ; of, Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. L>5 (crit.) ; idem, l.r. xiv. 1907. p. 357 (Humaytha).
Empidochaues fuscatut (errore ! nee Mnsripetn fu.icala Wied) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 115.
note 1 (part. : specimen ex Borba, February 7, I83U).
No. 148. c? ad., Calama, 2. vii. 1007. '• Iris brown, bill black, below grey." —
AVing 62; tail 58; bill 13 mm.
This bird is practically identical with sjiecimens from Trinidad and Venezuela,
the under parts being bright yellow, the chest and sides strongly tinged with olive-
green. An adult obtained by Mr. Hotfmanns at Humaytha, on his first journey
to the Rio Madeira, and an immature male from Borba secured by Natterer,
are paler yellow on the belly, and the chest is scarcely shaded with greenish.
123. Empidouax euleri euleri (Cab.;.
Empido!:hauei euleri Cabanis, Jouru.f. Oru. l.SijS. p. 195 (18ij>}. — Cantagallo, prov. Rio de Janeiro,
S.E. Brazil).
E. fuscalus {errore \ nee Mus^-iprta fu<yila Wied) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 115 (part.: specimen ex Borba,
June 23, 1830 ; Eio de Janeiro, Ypanema, etc.).
No. 76. (? ad., Calama, 10. vi. 1907.- Wing 60 ; tail 64 ; bill 13 mm.
No. 6S0. ? juv., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, II. .x. 1907.— Wing 63; tail 56;
bill 13 mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black, lower mandiljle white (No. 76), yellowish grey
(No. 680)."
Perfectly agreeing with specimens from S. Paulo and Mattogrosso (Chapada).
(301 )
E. e. euleri differs from K. lawrencei liy its rnfous brown or russet (instead of
greenisli olive) upper parts, and much paler lower snrface, nearly whitish in the
middle of the abdomen. Natterer's specimen from Borba belongs likewise to the
present species. Its range is given by Berlepseh k Hellmayr in Journ.f. Ornitli.
1905. p. 23.
With regard to E. euleri argeiifiiins (Cab.), I may mention that additional
specimens from Argentine in the Tring and Mnnich Mnsenms do not bear ont all the
characters shown by the type (cf. loc. cil. p. 23). They are by no means smaller
than E. e. euleri, bnt the upper parts are decidedly duller, less rufesoent, and the
belly is whitish with very little, if any, yellowish tinge on the flanks. An adult
male from Chuchurras, prov. Hnannco, Peru (W. Hoffmanns coll.), in the Tring
Museum, agrees in every respect with Argentine skins, while another from Pebas,
N. Pern (Han.xwell coll.), in the British Museum, is undoubtedly referable to
E. e. euleri ! More material is retjuired to establish the validity of this form or
otherwise.
124. Empidoclianes fuscatus bimaculatus (Lafr. & D'Orb.).
[Musclpeta/usciilii Wied, B'^ilr. X.iliin/. Uras. i. ii. p. 'Ml (1831. — Rio de Janeiro).]
Muscipeta biniacidata Lafresnaye & U'Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zuol. cl. ii. p. 48 (1837. —
Yung.-is, Bolivia) ; cf. Berlep.sch & Hellmayr, Jnurii. f. Ornitli. 1905. pp. 21-22 (crit.).
Empiilnrhidie.^ friiiijillarii! Pelzeln, Ziir (Ini. Bra^. ii. 1868. p. 116 (part.: Borlw ; Rio Parand,
Goiaz, Cujab^).
E.fufscalns bimaciihilus Hellmayr, Noi: Zuol. xiv. 19U7. p. 354 (Humaytha).
Nos. 499, 549. ??, Calaraa, 31. viii. 1907; Jamarysinho, 13. ix. 1907.—
Wing 65, 67 ; tail 60, 61 ; bill 17 mm.
"Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill blackish."
Similar, in coloration and size, to specimens from Mattogrosso (Chapada) and
Northern Sao Paulo. The lower parts are white with the chest tinged with pale
brownish grey, and the flanks very pale yellowish. Natterer obtained a young
male at Borba, Marcli 3, 1831, which does not dift'er cither from Mattogrosso skins
in corresponding pinmage.
E.f. bimaculatus ranges from Eastern Bolivia (Ynngas) through Central Brazil
(Madeira district ; Mattogrosso : Cnyaba, Chapada *) east to Goyaz (city of Goiaz ;
Rio Thesouras, Araguaya t) and south to the valleys of the Parana, Paraniipanema,
and Rio Grande in Northern Sao Panlo.f
In Central and Southern Sao Paulo, however, the typical race, E. f. fuscatus
(Wied), is met with. I have examined a series from Ypanema, and examples from
S. Sebastiao, Ubatuba, and Rio Feio.
Snethlage's record of E. fuscatus § from Goyana, Tapajoz, is most probably
referable to the pale, western race E.f. bi maculatus.
125. Myiarchus ferox ferox (Gm.).
MuKicapa fern.,- Gmelin, Si/st. Xtil. 1. ii p. '.I3J. exel. var. /i (1789.— ex Brissou: Cayenne).
Mjl'mrchmferoj Pelzeln, I.e. p. 116 (part. : Borba, Marabibmas).
No. 378. ? ad., Calama, 11. viii. 1907. " Iris light brown, feet and bill black."
Wing 84 ; tail 85 ; bill 19 mm.
• E.fmcatut Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. Y. iv. 1892. p. 310.
t Hellmayr, Xor. Zuol. xv. 1908. p. 52.
X I have examined specimens from Barretos (near the liio Grande), Rio Grande ; Salto Grande, Kio
Paran4panema ; S. Jeronymo and Itapurii, on the Rio Tiet6.
§ Journ.f. Orn. 1908. p. 503.
( 302 )
In the Vienna Museum there are, besides a large snite from Sonth-Eastern
Bra-Ml, an immature male from Borba (March 3, 1830) and an adult male from
Marabitauas, Rio Negro (April 4, 1831). These three skins agrte, in colour and
size, with topotypes from Cayenne. Birds from Southern Brazil (Bahia, liio, Sao
I'aulo, Parana) are somewhat lighter above, especially the cap paler and less sooty,
and the bill is, as a rule, horn-colour instead of black. They are entitled to the
name M.ferox cuntans Pelz.*
l:.'*i. Myiarchus tuberculifer tuberculifer (LalV, ^t D'Orb).
yycow/ms /«6«ro«/(/V)' Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syn. Ai\ i. in J/uy. Zool. cl. ii. p. 43 (1837. —
Guarayos, Eastern Bolivia); cf. Hellmayr, Sui\ ZwA. xiii. 190G. pp. 323-4 (orit.).
No. — . 6 vix ad., Marmellos, )ii. xii. 11)07. " Iris greyish brown, feet and
bill black." — Wing 75; tail 72; bill 17 mm.
In addition, I have examined in the Vienna Museum an adult male obtained
by Natterer at Borba, March 1, 1830, which had been overlooked by Pelzeln in his
report. Both represent typical tuberculifer as defined by me {I.e.).
127. Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus Vieill.
Tt/ratinus melanrlioliciis Vieillot, Noiir. Diet, xx.xv. p. 84 (1819. — ex Azara : Paraguay).
No. o25. Av. jr., C'alama, 7. ix. 1907. " Iris brown, feet and bill black."
128. Muscivora tyrannus (Linn.).
Mascicapa Tt/ninniit Linnaeus, Sys/. Nat. xii. 1. p. 325 (1766. — ex Brisson : ''Cuiada (errnre !) et
Cayemui ").
Muscivora li/raniiHs Hellmayr, Noe. Zool. xiv. p. 358 (Humaytha).
No. 440. cj ad., Calama, 22. viii. 1907.
Nos. 435, 430. ? ? ad., Calama, 20. viii. 1907. " Iris brown, feet and bill
black."
[129. Piprites chloris chlorion (Cab.).
[Pipra ihlurii Temminck, PI. col. 172. fig. 2 (1822. — Bresil, sc. Ypanema, S. Paulo),]
lleiiiipipo Morhin Cabanis, Ardi. Naturg. 13. i. p. 234 (1847, — Cayenne),
Pipriten chlurioii Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras. ii. p, 120 (part, : Borba, Salto Girao ; Engenho do Gama,
Rio Guapor^).
An adult male from Borba, obtained by Natterer in August 1830, belonging to
the Vienna Museum, agre.^s with a male from Quonja, Brit. Guiana, October 12,
1887 (H. Whitely coll., Mus. H. v. Berlepsch), in the coloration of the lower parts :
throat and under tail-coverts clear yellow, breast pale cinereous, middle of the
abdomen very pale yellowish ; but it has the grey of the nape slightly mixed with
olive-green, and the rectrices more conspicuously tipped with yellowish white. A
female from Cussary, a village on the south bank of the Amazons opposite Monte
Alegre, is exactly like the one from Borba except in having the nape olive-green
like pileum and back, without any grey. Its very dark, nearly blarkisli, bill seems
to be a sign of immaturity.
The two males from Salto (iirao, farther up the Rio Madeira, and Engenho do
(tama, on the Rio (jnapore, in the Vienna Museum, have the cinereous breast
distinctly washed with pale yellow, the abdomen brighter yellow, and the bill
• Myiarclivs cautani/ Pelzeln, I.e. pp. 117, 182 (1^68. — Rio ile Janeiro, Ypanema, Curitiba)
( 303 )
much smaller. They appear to represent a dilFerent race ; unfortaaately both are
imraa:tnre.
Good series from various localities are required to establish the geographical
forms of P. cMorion.']
130. Pipra aureola flavicollis Scl.
Pijira flaviroJlh Sclater, Cuiiliib. Oniith. for 1K.51. p. 143 (1852. — " Barra do Rio Negro" — locality
erroneous ; cf. llns 1906. p. H).
P. aureola (nee Linnaeus !) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 12ii (part. : Borba).
P. aureola flaeicnUis Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 358 (Humaytha).
No. S54. S ad., Marmellos, 23. xii. 1907. "Iris white, feet dark red, bill
black."— Wing 6U ; tail 28 ; bill !» mm. (Munich Museum.)
Perfectly agreeing with the Humaytha series obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns on his
first trip to the Rio Madeira, and differing in the same way from a large series of
F. a. aureola from Surinam, ('ayenne, Marajo, Monte Alegre, and Manaos.
Mr. HofFraanns met with P. a. flancolUs exclusively on the left bank of the
Rio Madeira (Marmellos, Humaytha), while, on the right bank, other forms were
found. Hence it is to be presumed that Natterer's examples also might have been
taken on the left side of the river, opposite Borba, and not in tlie immediate
neighbourhood of that settlement.
131. Pipra aureola fasciicauda Hellra.
PiprafascUcanda Hellmayr, Ills (8) ri. p. 9 (19UIJ. — new name for P. faseiata Lafr. & D'Orb.
preoccupied ; type from Yuracarfes, East Bolivia).
Nos. 917, 018. (?(5'ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 9. vi. 1908. "Iris white,
feet brown, bill black."— Wing 65, 63i ; tail 28, 29 ; bill 91, 10 mm. (Munich
Museum.)
The two specimens are practically identical with a very large series from
Eastern Bolivia (types) and Western Brazil (Chapada, R. Guapore, and Rio Parana).
All of the rectrices are banded with yellowish white on both webs, the orange-yellow
throat-feathers faintly tipped with red ; the chest is strongly washed with crimson,
while abdomen and under tail-coverts are clear yellow, the latter with narrow, sooty
blackish tips. The adult male from Itaitiiba, left bank of the R. Tapajoz,* kindly
submitted for my inspection by Dr. Hartert, is also perfectly similar.
132. Pipra aureola calamae n. subsji.
Nos. 2, 399, 445. tJc? ad., Calama, 8. vi., 15, 23. viii. 1907. "Iris white,
feet dark brown, bill blackish or plumbeous." — Wing 04 — 05; tail 27 — 28; bill
lo mm.
Nos. 167, 239, 335. ? ? ad., Calama, 5, 18. vii., 5. viii. 1907. " Iris yellowish
white, feet brown, bill plumbeous."— Wing 63—64 ; tail 27, 29, 31 ; bill
9i— 10 mm.
Nos. 754, 757. S .jnv., ? imm., AUianca, 6, 7. xi. 1907. " Iris whitish, feet
reddish brown, bill black."— Wing (?) 60, (cJ) 65; tail (?) 29, (<?) 31 mm.
Nos. 682, 713. ? imm., c? juv., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 11, 17. x. 1907. " Iris
yellowish or dingy white."
cJ ad. Similar in tail-markings to /'. aureola punisiana Snethl.,t from which it
• Cf. Nav. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 12.
t P. faspiirauda pitntsiaiia Suethlage, Orii. Monber. xv. p. IGO (1907. — type from Ponto Alegre, Rio
Puris, W. Brazil).
( 304 )
is very easily distiiit,'iiislieil by having not only a narrow frontal edge, but the
whole anterior portion of the erown orange-yellow without any red ; the breast
deeper crimson; the flanks strongly shaded with olive; and es])ecially by the
deeper yellow of the abdomen and nnder tail-coverts being strongly snfl'iised with
crimson.
? ad. Not distinguishable from those of I', a.fasciicautla and /'. a. piinixiima.
Ty/^c in Tring Jlnsenm : S ad., Oalama, 23. viii. 1007 (W. Hoifraanns coll.,
No. 445).
The three adult males present very little variation inter se. In one specimen
(No. 2) the two central pairs of rectrices are uniform black ; the next has a distinct
white patch near the base of the inner web ; the three remaining ones are, on both
webs, banded with yellowish white. In the two other examples (Nos. 39'J, 44ij) the
innermost rectrix alone is wholly black, while the two next pairs show a white
patch on the inner web. Otherwise they resemble No. 'Z. The nnder tail-coverts
have long black tips, as in P. a. puriisiana. That No. 757 {S juv.) from Allianca
belongs to this new form, and not to P. a. fasc/'/cat/i/a, is proved by several just
appearing new feathers on the abdomen being mainly crimson (not uniform clear
yellow as in the latter form), and by the colour of the already assumed shorter
under tail-coverts, which are yellow, tipped and edged with crimson, exactly as in
the adnlt males from C'alama.
This interesting new form approaches P. a. flavicollig, from the left bank of
the Rio Madeira, by the coloration of the head and by the middle of the abdomen
being suffused with crimson, yet it can readily be distinguished by having the
flanks yellow mixed with olive (instead of deep black), the under tail-coverts
bright yellow with crimson edges and long black tips (not uniform black), as well as
by the white cross-bands on the outer rectrices.
It is a remarkable fact that the environs of Calama are inhabited by a peculiar
race diff'erent from P. a./ascilcaudu, which is met with on the Rio Machados above
the waterfalls.
The group of Pipni aurcula affords so excellent an example of geographical
variation that I deemed it interesting to append a condensed review of the various
forms and their characters.
(«) Pipru aureola aureola (Linn.).
Parus Aureola Linnaeus, %«/. Xul. x. p. 191 (1758.— based on EJw.ircls, Nat. Ilhl. BinU ii. p. 8.'}.
pi. 83. fig. 2 : " from some part of South America, near the equiaoctial line " — Surinam fixed
as type locality).
Hub. Cayenne ; Surinam ; British Guiana ; N.E. Venezuela : Guanoco
(Orinoco delta). El Pilar near t'an'ipano, State of Cumana; Lower Amazonia, from
Maraju to Manaos (Barra do Rio Negro).
i ad. Head above e.\cept a narrow orange-yellow frontal band crimson ; cheeks
and ear-coverts strongly washed with crimson ; chin and upper throat deep orange-
yellow, the tips of the feathers more or less red ; foreneck and breast deej) crimson ;
abdomen and under tail-coverts black, middle line of abdomen narrowly pale red,
tiammululed with whitish. Tail black, outermost rectrix sometimes with a narrow
white streak on the outer web near the sliaft. Wing of twenty specimens 02—05 ;
tail 2S— 32 mm.
Obs. Three males from Mandos (Natterer coll., Vienna Museum) have very
( 305 )
little )'eIlow on foreliead and throat, but they are very nearly matched by several
examples from Surinam, ete.
With regard to the S ad. from Sautarem (batterer coll., Vienna Museum)
I have made a erroneous statement in The Ibis for 1906, p. 8, repeated in Xo>:. Zool.
xiv. 1907. p. 3.J.S, in assorting that it was in every respect typical of P. aureola.
On the contrary, a renewed examination of the specimen proved it to be somewhat
intermediate between aureola ^.n^fasciicaiula, hitherto regarded as distinct species,
though I had suspected their subspecitic affinities for a long time. While agreeing
with average examples of aureola from Surinam, etc., in general coloration,
especially in the black sides and nnder tail-coverts, it resembles Peruvian specimens
of P. a. purusiana in the markings of the tail, viz. outermost rectrix with a white
band across both webs, the two next ones with a white patch at the base of the
inner web, though the latter is not quite so much extended as in the western bird.
Further material is recjuired to show whether the presence of white on the outer
rectrices is a constant feature in birds from Santarem, and it would be unwise to
base a new form upon a single skin. At all events, Natterer's example is of great
interest, proving as it does the near relationship of aureola aad Jasciicauda, which
henceforth can be regarded as only subspeciflcally distinct.
(Ij) Pijira aureola flavicollis Scl.
Ilab. Left bank of the llio Madeira, Brazil : Humaytha, Marniellos
(Hoffmanns).
For the locality Borba (Natterer) see above, p. 303.
c? ad. Agrees with P. a. aureola in having the sides, under tail-coverts, and
the rectrices lilack ; but the red area in the middle of the abdomen is rather more
extended, as well as more decidedly flammulated with whitish or yellowish; the
front and sides of the head and the throat are clear yellow, with but a little red
near the upper and posterior edge of the ear-coverts. (Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907.
p. 358.) Wing of nine males 62 — 64^ ; tail 37—30 mm.
Examined: 1 c? ad., "Barra" (type of subspecies); 'Z S S ad., "Borba"
(Natterer) ; 4 c? cJ ad., 1 S vix ad., Humaytha, 1 S ad., Marmellos (Hoffmanns).
(tf) Pipra aureola fasciicauda Hellm.
Hab. Eastern Bolivia, headwaters of the Rio Mamor6 : Yuracares, Guarayos,
Santa Cruz de la Sierra (D'Orbigny), San Mateo (G. Garlepp in Bins. H. v.
Berlepsch). Central and Western Brazil from the Paranil, Parauapauema, and
Paranahyba Rivers (Araguary) in the south, northward to Goyaz (Natterer, Baer)
and Mattogrosso (('hapada; Villa Maria on the Rio Paraguay; Villa Bella de
Mattogrosso and Engenho do Gama, on the banks of the Rio Guapore). Also
obtained by Mr. W. Hoffmanns near Maruins, above the waterfalls of the Rio
Machados, right-hand tributary of the Rio Madeira, and at Itaituba, left bank of
the Rio Ta)iaj('iz. (Cf also Mop. Zool. xv, 1908. p. .")4.)
S ad. Differs from the two preceding races by having no black whatever on
the belly, the whole abdomen below the crimson breast being clear yellow, and the
under tail-coverts yellow with narrow, dull black tips or edges. Moreover, the
rectrices are crossed by a broad, uninterrupted band of white or pale yellowish,
reaching over both webs. In the coloration of the throat and sides of the head, this
form is intermediate between aureola andj/avicollis, but nearer the latter. Throat
20
( 306 )
and foreneck fire clear yellow, with, however, sli;,4it pale rod tips to the leathers ;
there is usnally a little more crimson on the ear-coverts, and the yellow of the
forehead is less pnre as well as less extended than in P. a. Jlavicollis. AVing
0:U— 00 ; tail 28—32 mm.
Obs. In a considerable series the characters as given above are quite constant.
The abdomen is invariably clear yellow, without any red, and decidedly contrasted
with the crimson breast ; the under tail-coverts are likewise yellow narrowly ti{)j)ed
or edged with dull black ; all of tlie rectrices show a broad whitish orycdlowisli band
across both webs. The feathers of the throat and foreneck are more or loss
consi)icnoasly, though slightly, tipped with pale red. As stated above (j). o03) the
birds from Itaituba and Maruins are perfectly similar to topotypical specimens from
Eastern Bolivia.
Examined : 4 cJcJad., Faz. Cayoa, Salto Grande, Rio Paranapanema, 3 JcJ ad.,
Chapada, Mattogrosso, 1 S ad., Eagenho do Gama, llio Gnapore, 2 cJc? ail.,
Maruins, all in the Munich Museum ; 1 i ad., Faz. Cayoa, % iS ad., Rio Jordan,
Paranahyba (Araguary), 1 S vi.K ad., Itaituba, in the Tring Museum ; 5 c? J ad.
from Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Villa Maria, Rio Parana, and
Goiaz, in the Vienna Mnsenm ; 1 $ ad., Gnarayos, E. Bolivia, tijpe of spp.cka, in
the Paris Museum ; 2 c? cJ ad., San Mateo, Bolivia, in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch.
N.B. — I have not seen examples from the Tocantius, where both Wallace * and
Snethlage f met with the species.
(d) Pipra aureola punisiana Snethlage.
P. fiixciicauda purmiana Saethlage, Orn. Monher. xv. p. IGO (1907. — Ponto Alegre, Rio Puriis).
Hab. W. Brazil : Bom Lngar, Ponto Alegre, Monte Verde on the Rio Puriis.
Eastern Peru : Ucayali (Bartlett). Central Peru : Chuchurras, Huanuco
(Hotfmanns).
c? ad. Agrees with P. a.fasciicauda in the clear yellow abdomen withont any
black or red, but differs at a glance by having the central rectrices uniform black
and the black tips to the under tail-coverts much wider. The yellow of the throat
and foreneck is bright 3'ellow without red tips, like P. a.JtavicoUis, while the front
and sides of the head are more like P. a.fasciicauda.
Five adult males from the Rio Pnrus (incl. the tyiie) measure : wing 04—03;
tail 20—29 mm.
Five adult males from Peru (Ucayali, Chuchurras) measure : wing 03 — 04 ;
tail 28—30 mm.
()b». In specimens from the I'un'is tlip two or four median rectrices are
nuifbrm black, the two or three outer pairs are banded with white (or yellowish) on
both webs, while the intervening ones have a white patch near the base of the inner
web. In Peruvian skins the six median rectrices arc without any white, other-
wise they agree with the Brazilian ones.
(«) Pipra aureola calamae Hellm.
Jl'ib. Brazil, right bank of the Rio Madeira : Calama, Allianca, iSao Isabel.
cJ ad. Agrees with Pnri'is specimens of P. a. purusiana in the markings of the
tail, but has the whole anterior portion of the crown orange-yellow, the breast
• Sclater & Calvin, /'. Z. S. ISfiT. p. 579 : P.faxciata.
t Snethlage, .Tuun.f. Orn. 11108. p. 528: P./ancHcauila,
( 307 )
deeper crimson, the flanks .stronf^ly waslied with deep olive, and especially the deep
yellow abdomen and basal portion of under tail-coverts much suft'used with crimson.
Wing 64—65 ; tail 27—28 mm.
133. Pipra rubrocapilla Temm.
Pi/ira rubra ■iipllla Temminck, Re.f. PI. col. tab. hi. fig. 3 (1821. — " Bresil " ; wefi-X Biihia as typical
locality) ; Pel/.ein, I.r. p. 127 (Borba).
Nos. 140, 141. ,iS ad., Calama, 1 vii. 1907.— Wing 60, 62 ; tail 31, V, 32 mm.
No. 142. 6 iram., Calama, 1. vii. 1907. — Wing 60 ; tail 32 mm.
No. 282. cJ juv., Calama, 28. vii. 1907.
No. 776. c? juv., Allianca, 11. .\i. 1907.
No. 928. c? ad. Marnins, Machados, 12. vi. 1908.— Wing 62 ; tail 33 mm.
"Iris dingy white {Si ad.) or brown fcJrJ iuim. and juv.), feet pale grey or
yellowish grey, bill grey."
The adult males have the forehead and crown distinctly paler and more orange
than the nape and sides of the head, agreeing in that respect with Pani examples
{d. Ibis 1906. p. 13, and Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 49). No. 142, in the greenish
plumage of the female, shows some black feathers on the mantle and rump, and the
head is mostly red.
[134. Pipra caelesti-pileata Goeldi.*
' Cf. Nor. Z<«d. .xiv. 1',I07. p. o.V.l (Humaytha).
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Not obtained on the present expedition. The difFereaces between this species
and P. exqidsita Hellm. are fully stated I.e.']
135. Pipra nattereri Scl.
Pipra Jiullereri S,cUieT, Priic. Zool. Soc. howl. 18IJ4. p. IJII. tab. 39 (1805.— Borba) ; Pelzeln, l.r.
p. 127 (Borl>a, Rio Madeira ; Engeuho do Gama, Rio Guaporo); Hellmayr, ^ov. Zool. xiv.
1907. p. 360 (Borba).
P. yrocilii Hellmayr, Verhaiidl. Zool. Bot. Geselhch. Wicn liii. p. 202 (1903.— Engenlio do Gama,
Rio Guaporo), descr. ? .
Nos. 11, 139, 149, 151, 179, 189, 198, 206, 212, 221, 321, 350. <?<? ad.,
Calama, Jnne, Jnly, August 1907.— Wing 52—54; tail 26—29 ; bill 8—9 mm.
No. 710. c? ad., S.Isabel, Rio Preto, 16. x. 1907.— Wing 52 ; tail 26 mm.
No. — . 3 aJ., Allianca, November 1907. — -Wing 52 ; tail 26 mm.
Nos. 554, 580, 581. 6 S ad., Jamarysinlio, Rio Machados, 21. ix. 1907. — Wing
52—53 ; tail 25—27 ; bill 9 mm.
Nos. 190, 274. ?? ad., Calama, 8, 26. vii. 19ii7.— Wing 52, 54; tail 30;
bill Si, 9 mm.
♦ In a very curious paper {Bolciim Mutt. Goeldi v. 1908. pp. 85-!)l) Dr. Goeldi emphatically declares
that this bird was described by him iu 1S104. .\gain5t tliis I liave only to .s,ay tliat the first piiblislied
description of P. ctielcsti-jnlcata is to l»e found in the Comj/trs Uriiihut Six. f'litiyr. /iiteriicit. Znol. lierne
[1. 5 lit, dated May 25, 190.'). tliough the vohime did not appear until October or November of that
year. In tlie TUi Supplement (February 19U1) to Dr. Goeldi's Vcrzcivhnis iler bixlier wissenschaftlich
beschriibawn jwitcn Thtcr- iind Pjiauzcnformen^ wliere the name lirst appears iu print, it is an atisohitc
nomen nudum. Tlie fact tliat Dr. Goeldi used the name P. caeledi-pileata, in 1901 in labelling his
specimens, and that the proofs of liis paper are stamped " September 1904," has no bearing whatever on the
case, for zoological literature has only to deal with the dates of actual publication, as is well known to
everybody familiar with the International Rules of Nomenclature. With regard to the footnote on p. S9,
I am rather surprised to learn that Dr. Uocliii is not acquainted with the liitlktin of the Brit. Orn. Cliih,
where he would have found a full description of P. cKiuisHa (actually published llaicli 24, IHOo).
( 308 )
Nos. 753, 788. ? ? iul., AUianca, C, 15. xi. 10U7.— Wing 52, 5:!; tail •^G, 20;
liill 0 mm.
" Iris white or ycllowisli wliih-, feet grej-isii yellow or pale yellow, bill hlackisli
or grey, tip ami lower inaiiclilile paler."
The majority of the adult males have the milky white cap laterally ami
posteriorly bordered by a narrow, pale bluish line ; in these specimens the back is
of a darker green, and the anterior portion of the white rump is faintly shaded with
delicate bluish. In Nos. 554, 580, 581, 1:59, and in tiifi Ailianoa example tlie pale
bluish edge of the cap is replaced by an indistinct yellowish green line, the back is
of a clearer, less intense green, and the white rump lacks the bluish tinge.
The. series of females proves beyond doubt that my /'. </rac/l/.s was based
on an individual variety of /'. naUcrevi. The two from Calaraa are (|uite tyiiical,
having the crown washed with dull bluish, and the throat as well as the foreueck
strongly sulfused with green; while those from AUianca have no bluish tinge on
the crown, like the type of P. gracilis, with which one of them also agrees iu the
light, yellowish green colour of the throat.
Until recently P. nattcrcri was only known from the Uio Madeira, where it is
confined to the right bank (from Borba to AUianca, and probably farther up the
river, for the type of P. gracilis was obtained on the l{io Guapore). Miss
Snethlage, however, has lately found it at Villa Braga, on the left bank of the
neighbouring Rio Tapajoz.*
130. Pipra stolzmanni Hellm.
Plpra stohiivtnni Hellmiyr, Ibh (>l) vi. p. 44 (lOOlJ. — Marabitanas, Rio Negro) ; idem, Now Zuul.
xiv. 191)7. p. 360 (Paraizo, Borba).
P. vlrescens (nee Pelzeln) Pelzeln, Zai- Orn. Ih-as. ii. pp. 128, 187 (part. : Borba).
No. 981. c? ad., Marnius, Rio Macliados, 8. vii. 1908. " Iris dingy white, feet
and bill black."— Wing 51 ; tail 23 ; bill 10 mm.
Structure of the tail and coloration exactly as in the type and other specimens
(from Bogota, Borba, etc.). In the middle of the anterior crown there arc a few
minute, yellowish dots to be seen.
P. stolzmnnni has, as yet, only been found on the right bank of the Rio Madeira,
but as it is also met with in Eastern Peru and Ecuador, it is very likely to occur on
the left bank as well.
[l:!T. Neopipo cinnamomea (Lawr.).
Cf. Ilellmayr, Nnr. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 3(U (Humaytha).
Left liank : llumaytha (Hoffmanns). Not obtained on the present occasion.]
[13S. Xenopipo atronitens Cab.
Xeimpipo atmiiteiii Cabani^, .tn-h.f. Xaliinj. Hi. i. p. L'14.5 (1817.- British Guiana) ; Pelzeln, Ziir
Orn. lirasll. ii. p. 129 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba, in (lie forest of the ('ani[iiiui (Natterer). Nol (ibtaiued by
Mr. Hoffmanns.
N.B. — I am unable to detect any differences between tyjiieal Guianan skins
(R. Rupununi, 11. AVhitely coll.) and those secnred by Natterer on the Madeira and
Rio Negro.]
• Journ.f. Orn. 190s. p. 504.
( 309 )
I'M. Chiroxiphia regina Scl.
CliiroTi/iliia reijina (Natterer MS.) Solatcr, Ann. .Uiiij. Xat. Hist. (2) xvii. p. 469 (1856.— Boiba, Rio
Madeira); Pelzeln, ?.--. p. 12'J (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Noi: Z,nl. xi v. 1907. p. 361 (Humaytha,
Paraiao).
No. TiS. S poraJ., f'alaraa, IT. vi. 1007. "Iris reddish In-own, feet greyish
red, bill bhick."— Wins' 74 ; tail 30; bill 9 mm.
No. 11). c? jnv., Galama, 11. vi. l'.)()7. " Iris dark red, feet light greyish red,
bill black."— wing 70 ; tail 34 ; bill 9J- mm.
Nos. 32, 260, 334. ? ? ad., Calaraa, 13. vi., 24. vii., 5. viii. 1907. " Iris brown
or red, feet red, bill black."— Wing 07—70 ; tail 34 ; bill 9— 9i mm.
No. 9.53. ? ad., Maruins, 28. vi. 190s. "Iris brown, feet dark red." — Wing
71 ; tail 36 ; bill 9i mm.
The adnlt male has the black frontal baud fnlly as broad, and the crest as deep
golden yellow, as the specimens from the left bank (Humaytha) obtained by
Mr. Hoffmanns on his first jonrney in 1900. Those from Paraiso with narrower
black frontlet and more lemon-yellow crest, thongh in full breeding phimage, are
apparently not quite adnlt. This is enhanced by the fact that the young male, still
in the green juvenile plumage, has the crest of the same pale yellow hne.
C. re(jiiiii is a perfectly distinct form, though it may prove to be merely a
geographical representative of the C. pareola group. Mr. De Witt Miller, in his
excellent monograph of the genus Chiroxiphia,* has suggested that C.regina might
be closely allied to C. napensis Miller, from Eastern Ecuador. On comjjarison of
the two species, I find this surmise to be quite correct. C. reyina differs from
C. p. pareola and C. p. atluntica, but agrees with C. napensis in its rather short
crest, dark aznre-blue mantle, and dark reddish (instead of yellow) legs and feet.
Unfortunately I have not seen the female of C. napensis. That of C. regina differs
at a glance from those of C. p. pareola and C.p. atlantica by having the upper parts
of a much brigliter olive-green, and the lower ones, including the under tail-coverts,
nearly nnil'orm oil-green. The rauge of C. reyina extends over the area comprised
between the Rio Solimoiins in the north, the Javarri to the west, and the Rio
Madeira to the east. No other species of Ghiro.eiphia is known to occur within
this district.
14(1. Chiromachaei'is manacus purus (Bangs).
[I'ipm maiuinis Linnaeus, Siixt. Xat. xii. 1. p. 340 (1766. — based on "The Blacli-capped Manakin,"
Edwards, (ilean. Nut. Hixt. \. p. 107. pi. 260 : Surinam, and on Brisson, Oni. iv. p. 442 :
Cayenne).]
.Miiiiacua iiininirio iiiiriix Bangs, Pnir. Xnr Eiiijl. Zniil. CI. i. p. 36 (I.S90. — Santarem, on the Amazon
River, Brazil).
Cluriiiiiai-liai'i/s iniiiiaruH (nee Linnaeus) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 130 (Borba, Engenho do Gama, Siio
Vicente).
No. 112. i ad., Calama, 27. vi. 1907.— Wing 52 ; tail 30 ; bill 9 mm.
No. 004. (? ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Preto, 1. x. 1907. — Wing 52; tail 30;
bill 9 mm.
Nos. 039, 652, 693. SS ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8, 9, 13. x. 1907.— Wing
51—52 ; tail 30 ; bill 0 mm.
In addition, I have examined Natterer's series in the Vienna Museum, con-
sisting of three adult males from Borba, a couple from Engenho do Gama, Rio
tiuapore, and a female from Sao Vicente. The specimens from the Rio Madeira
agree with a large suite from Para and Maranhao (Miritiba), in the Munich Museum,
• Jlull. Amrr. Mii.i. A: II. Acw Vork x.\iv. 190S. pp. 3:)1-4I.
( 310 )
in Laving the nuder tail-coverts as well as the middlp of the belly ])nio white,
and the whole rump pre}- like the ui)i)er tail-coverts ; but diil'er sliylitly bv the
darker grey of the flanks and rump, as also by the decidedly wider black area of
the mantle, the white nuchal band being consequently rather narrower. These
differences are not very strongly pronounced, and may prove to be independent
of locality. At all events, a series from Santarem should be e.xamined before
attempting any subdivision.
E.Kamples from the north bank of the Amazon (Monte Alcgre, Manaos), and
from Barcellos, on the Rio Negro, belong, however, to typical C. m. manacus (L),
and are exactly like others from Surinam and Cayenne. The under tail-coverts are
grey ; the flanks darker and more extensively grey ; the middle of the abdomen
mixed with pale cinereous (instead of being pure white); tlie black colour of the
mantle mnch more e.xtended, the grey being nearly restricted to the npper tail-
coverts.
The range of C. m. pitrus, according to our present knowledge, is as follows :
N.E. Brazil, Maranhfio: Miritiba (Schwanda coll.; Munich Museum); Para: city
of Para (Suethlage, Wallace, Layard), Marca da Legua (Steere), Maguary, Maraj6
(Steere), San Antonio do Praia (Hofl'manns), Onrem, on the Rio Guamd (Schnlz
coll. ; Mus. H. V. B.) ; Amazonia : Santarem, south bank of the Amazon (Riker);
Rio Madeira : Borba (Natterer), (Jaiama, Jamarysinho, S. Isabel, Rio Preto
(Hoffmanns), Engenho do Gama and S. Vicente, on the Rio Gnapore (Natterer).
N.B. — Peruvian specimens, wliicli I have not seen, may also be referable to the
present form.
141. SchiflFornis major Dos Murs.
Schiffiirnis major (Bonap.^^•te MS.) Des Murs ia Castelnau's Voyage, Oiscaar, p. 66. pi. xviii. fig. 2
(1856.— Saraya^u, Eistein Peru) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zml. .xiv. 1907. p. .S62 (Borba ; crit.).
Heleropelma rufuin Pelzeln, Zur Oni. Bras. ii. p. 185 (1868. — Borba).
No. 64. <? vix ad., Calama, 17. vi. 1907.— Wing 83^ ; tail (iOi ; bill 14i mm.
No. 439. ? ad., Ualama, 22. viii. 1907.— Wing 82 ;"tail 03 ; bill 14 mm'.
No. 715. ¥ ad.,S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 17. x. 1907.— Wing 78; tail 09; bill 14 mm.
No. 578. ? jnv., JamarysinJio, 21. ix. 1907.— Wing 82 ; tail 58 ; bill 14 mm.
Two of the females are fully adult birds. Top of tlic head, nape, anterior and
middle portions of the back uniform cinnamon-rufous ; sides of the head, throat,
and foreueck rather paler ; the rest of the under i)arts still lighter, deep ochraceous.
The male differs by its generally lighter coloration, especially by its mnch paler,
bright creamy breast and abdomen.
The immature female has the crown mixed with brownish grey, and the mantle
considerably duller, cinnamon-brown, corresponding to Des Murs' S. major, while
the rnfous-headed specimens agree with the typos of //. rnfum of Pelzeln.
142. Scotothorus turdinus amazoniun (Scl.).
\_Mmckai)a turdina Wied, Ihitr. Nntunj. lirax. 3. ii. p. 817 (1831.— Bahia).]
HeUrojielma amazoimm Sclater, Pmc. Zoo!. Soc. Lond. 1860. p. 466 (1861.— Chamicuros, Eastern
Peru) ; Pelzeln, I.e. p. 125 (Borba).
S. a. amasonum Hellmayr, Nov. Zoo . xiv. p. 361 (Hum:iyth;i).
Nos. 94, 137. S vix ad., ? ad., Calama, 22, 3U. vi. 1907.— Wing 88, 80; tail
00, 03 ; bill 14, 15 mm.
No. 755. <? ad., Allianca, 7. xi. 1907.— Wing 90J ; tail 7(1 ; bill 14 mm.
No. 973. ? vix ad., Maruins, fi. vii. 1908.— Wing 91 ; tail (l.'i ; liill I.") mm.
( :^ii )
No. lOlO. ? pnl]., Mamins, 13. vii. 1008.
[No. 1451. ? iium., Borba, 7. xii. 1900.— Wing 88 ; tail 65 ; bill 14^ mm.]
In addition to the above, I have before me Natterer's series, consisting of
twelve s|)ecimens, kindly lent by the anthorities of the Vienna Mnsenm ; the fonr
oxaiiiple-s obtained bj' Mr. Hoffmanns at Hamaytha ; three skins from the Upper
Orinoco (Mnndnapo, Nericagua) ; two from the Caura Valley, si.x from British
Guiana (.S'. /. olicaceus) ; one each from Cayenne and Surinam, and five from Prata,
Para {S. t. wallacii). The study of this large material revealed the fact that,
notwithstanding a certain amount of individual variation, three distinct races are
recognizable. Single specimens are not always distinguishable, yet it cannot
be denied that the slight colour differences are connected with geographical
distriliution.
{a) S. t. amazonum (Scl.).
Ilah. Peru: Chamicuros (Hau.Kwell, Bartlett), Yurimaguas (Stolzmann),
Soriano (Jelski), La Gloria (Kaliuowski), Cosnipata (\Vhitely), etc. W. Brazil :
Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama (Rio Guapor(5), Mattogrosso (Natterer) ; llio
Madeira : Hnmaytha (Hoffmanns), Borba (Natterer), Allianca, Calama, Maruins
(Hoffmanns) ; Rio Xie and Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro (Natterer). Eastern
Ecnador : Sarayaru (Buckley). Venezuela, Upper Orinoco: Mnndnapo, Nericagna
((Jherrie).
Specimens from Saraya(;'u, Orinoco, and Rio Negro have, as a rule, the back
brownish olive ; the cap more or less tinged with cinnamomeous ; the throat and
foreneck conspicuously washed with rufescent brownish ; and the remainder of the
under parts dark greenish olive. The series from the Rio Madeira and its headwaters
(Engenho do Gama, Villa Maria) are generally less brownish, more greenish olive
on the upper parts, and the belly is slight!}' paler, more greyish olive ; but there
are so many exceptions that I do not venture to separate them, inasmuch as I have
no topotypical Peruvian material for comparison. Several examjiles from Humaytha
and Calama show very little rufescent admixture on the pileum, and closely
approach .S'. t. ivallacii.
Immature birds have the outer aspect of the quills decidedly rufous brown,
while in adult ones these edges are olive-brown, or very faintly tinged with
russet.
(h) S. t. wallacii (Scl. & Salv.).
llah. N.E. Brazil : Para (Wallace, Snethlage), Prata (Hoffmanns). French
Gniana : Saint-Jean-du-Maroni (Le Moult; Mus. Munich). Surinam: near Para-
maribo (Chunkoo ; Triug Museum).
Five topotypes from near Para differ from the preceding form by purer green
back, with very little, if any, rufescent tinge on the crown ; paler, more greyish
green belly ; and by having the throat but slightly, if at all, shaded with brownish.
Two birds from Cayenne and Surinam are in every respect typical. As stated above,
some specimens from the Madeira are hardly different from ivallacii.
{c) S. t. olivaceus Ridgw.
Saitolliorus ulivaceus Ridgway, Proc. Hiol. Soc. Wash. xi.x. p. 118 (I'JOG. — Rio Mato, Caura, Vene-
zuela).
Hal). Eastern Venezuela, Caura Valley : Mato R. (Klages), Nicare, La Pricion
(An Ire). British Guiana : Bartica Grove, Camacusa, R. Carimang, Roraima
(H. Whitely, jr.).
( 312 )
Altbough Mr. Eidgway compared liis type with -S. t. rosenbergi (Hart.), of
Western Ecnador, the two birds have very little iu common. S. t. oliraceus is
exceedingly close to & t. wall(fcii, which is also geographically the nearest. Yet my
eight specimens (two from Caura, six from Brit. (Juiaiia) differ by having the thi-oat
and foreneck much more conspicuously tinged with brownish, as well as by their
duller, brownish olive back. In the latter respect they approach S. t. amazonum,
but may be distinguished by the absence of cinnaraoracons on the crown. Two of
the skins are, however, scarcely different from iralhicii. Tiie specimens from British
Guiana are in every way identical witli the two tojiotypes from the t'aiu'a
River.
143. Heterocercus linteatus (Strickl.).
Elaenia linleiita Strickland, Ginlrib. Orn'itli. for 1850. Illustr. p. 121. tab. fig. siu. (part, -.i^ — " from
the upper branches of the Amazon River ").
Belerocevciis linlaitas Hellmayr, l.i; p. 3C2 (Hunuytha) ; Pelzeln, Ic. p. 125 (Borba).
Nos. 085, 1021, 102T. d'c? ad., Maruins, 9, 1(3, 17. vii. 1908.— "Wing 89—90 ;
tail 54 ; bill 12i— 13J mm. " Iris bro.vn, feet and bill black."
Nos. 1007, 1017. ?? ad., Maruins, 12, 14. vii. 1908.— Wing 8:5, 80; tail
52, 54; bill 13 mm.
No. 793. ? ad., AUianca, 9. xi. 1907.— Wing 83 ; tail 51 ; bill 13 mm.
Until recently this beautiful species was only known from the llio Madeira.
Miss Snethlage, however, has lately obtained specimens at Monte Alegre, on the
Lower Amazons,* and fonnd it common on the Tapajuz : Villa Braga, Goyana,
Ilha do Papagcio, and Ilha do (Joata.t
[144. Tityra cay ana (I.tun.).
Laniua Cayanua Linn.aeus, S'lst. Nut, xii. 1. p. 1.^7 (1700. — ex Brisson : " Cayania").
Tilijya cayana Pelzeln, / c. p. 119 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
The single adult male in the Vienna Museum agrees, in size and colonr of
the bill, with specimens from French Guiana, Venezuela (C!anra), etc. The basal
portion of both mandibles (for about 16 mm.) is reddish yellow, the remainder
black.]
145. Tityra semifasciata semifasciata (Spix).
Pachyrhynchus semifascialus Spix, .Ir. /inis. ii. p. .'!2. pi. xliv. fig. 2 (1825. — "in provincia
Par:i").
THyra neiui/axciata semifituriata Hellm'iyr, Nm'. Zoo}, xiv. p. 'M\'^ (Humaythu).
No. 431. S ad., Calama, 19. viii. 1907.— Wing 119 ; tail 72 ; bill 26 mm.
No. 810. S ad., Allianca, 2. xii. 1907.— Wing 118 ; tail 72 ; bill 24 mm.
"Iris yellowish red, feet dark grey, bill greyish red."
Typical of T. s. semifasciata. Of. my revision of Spix's types, p. 668.
[140. Tityra leucura Pelz.
Tilym (Eralor) leucura Pelzeln, Zur Oni. Bras. ii. pp. 120, 1H3 (18G8.— Salto do Girao, Rio
Madeira).
Right bank : Salto do (iirao (Natterer).
Natterer obtained, in October 1829, a single immature male which is still
» Journ.f. dm. 1U07. p. 280. t J"urn.f. Urn. I'.KIS. p. .'■jUl.
( 313 )
unique iu the Vieuna Museum. T. lenciira is a near ally of T. (dbitorqucs* witli
which it agrees in having the lores beset with black feathers, and the auricular
region whitish ; but differs at a glance b}' its pale greyish, at the tip almost white
tail, without any trace of black. The bill too is much sniallcr. Although the
type is an immature bird, I think there can be no doubt about its being an excellent
form. It has the following dimensions : wing 1IC2 ; tail 65 ; bill 16 mm.
Fartlier south, on the Rio Guapore (Villa Bella dc Mattogrosso, Engenho
do Gama), iu Western Mattogrosso (Cliapada, Corumba), and in Eastern Bolivia
(Ohiquitos, Santa Uruz-de-la-Sierra), another closely related sjjecies, T. pelzelni
Salv. & Godm.,t is met with. This form is nearly allied to T. i. inquisitor, of
South-Eastern Brazil, but differs by the greater extent of white at the base
of the tail ; besides, the rectrices show distinct white a]ucal margins. From
T. alhitorqui's and T. leucura it may at once be distinguished by its black (instead
of white) ear-coverts.]
147. Hadrostomus minor (Less.).
Qiierula minor Lesson, Traile d'Orn. livr. 5. p. 303 (end of 1830. — Cayenne).
No. 292. i ad., Calama, 29. vii. 1907.— Wing 89i ; tail 67; bill 18 mm.
No. 40.5. ? ad., Calama, 16. viii. 19U7.— Wing 92 ; tail 69 ; bill 19 mm.
No. 1064. i ad., Las Oncas, Manicore, IS. viii. 190S.— Wing 90; tail 63i ;
bill 17 mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
Agreeing with a series from Cayenne, Venezuela (Caura), Bogota, etc.
The female of H. minor may easily be distinguished from that of II. rii/ics
(citricapiUus) by its blackish (not yellowish white) lower mandible. Besides, the
back is dull olive, but slightly mixed with brownish, instead of being, as in
H. rufus, bright cinnamon-rnfous like the upper tail-coverts ; the cheeks, auricular
region, and under parts are much darker, dee|i ocliraceous, instead of buff, etc., etc.
//. minor is new to the fauna of the Uio Madeira ; but Natterer got a male
on the Rio Guajiore,J and U'Orbiguy obtained specimens in (luarayos and Yuracaros,
Eastern Bolivia. |
14s. Pacliyrhamphus marginatus (Licht.).
Tmhin iiiiiryimiliiit Lichtenstein, IV;-:. Duhl. linlni'r M,,^. p. 51 (1823.— Bahia ; = ?); cf.
Berlepsch, Nop. Ziml. xv. 11108. p. 141.
Pwhyrliam/ihiix alrieapiUux (nee Merrem) Pelzeln, t.r. p. l'_'l (Borba).
No. 1006. (? ad., Maruins, 12. vii. lOuS.— Wing 67J, ; tail ."il ; l)ill 13 mm.
No. 1043. ? ad., Maruins, 21. vii. lUOS.— Wing 6.") ; tail 4S ; bill 14 mm.
No. 1044. S juv., Maruins, 21. vii. 1908.— Wing 65 ; tail 50 ; bill 12^ mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
The Maruins specimens agree with a series from Venezuela (Caura), Rio
* Specimens fiom Chyavetas, I'urii (lirit. Museum), Baira do Rio Negio (Vienna Mus.), and Bogota
collections (in Tring) examined. The Central American form is different.
t Titijra pelzelni Salv. & Godm., Bii'lng. Ccntr. Amcrie. ii. p. 120 (1S90. — Mattogrosso).
Psarh ijiquisitor (nee Licht.) Lafr. i: D'Orb., Syn. Ai\ i. in Matj, ZooL 1S37. el. ii. p. 41 (Cliiquitos.
Santa Cruz, Bolivia).
Tityra impdsitor Allen, Bull. Amcr. Mux. v. IHi):!. p. 110 (Corumba, Cliapada).
T. albitonpics (nee Uubus) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Braa. ii. 18IJS. p. 120 (part. : Engenho do Gama,
Matogrosso). — All these specimens were examined by rae.
% I'clzeln, I.I-. p. 120.
§ D'Orbigny, Voijnijt, Uhiaux p. .■i02 (part.).
( 314 )
Ne"TO, and Giiiaua in size and coloration. Two males and three females from
Eastern Ura/.i! (Rio de Janeiro and Bahia) have lonijcr wings and tail.
In the case of additional material corrobor.iting this difterenee, tlie northern
birds would have to be provided with a new name, since T. marffi/iatits and all
other synonyms are strictly applicable to the South-East Brazilian race.
140. Pachyrhamphus niger niger (Si)i.\;).
Pai-lii/rln/irhiis )i!i/er Spix, Ai: Iirax. ii. p. 3:!. pi. .\lv. fig. 1 (1825. — no locality: Fonteboa, Rio
Solimoens fi.ied ,as terra typica).
P. piili/rhroptenis Pelzsln, l.r. p. 121 (part.: Borba, Barra do Rio Negro; Serra Carauman, Rio
Branco).
P. niger niger Hellmayr, Nne. Zmd. xiv. p. 303 (Humaytlia, Borba).
No. 449. S ad., Calama, 24. viii. 1907.— Wing 77 ; tail 58 ; bill 15 mm.
No. 36. ? ad., Calama, 13. vi. 1907.— Wing 70 ; tail 53 ; bill 14 mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black, in the female lower mandible greyish."
The adult male is nearly nniform black both above and below. The two
specimens obtained by Natterer near Borba and at the Serra Carauman are duller,
sooty blackish underneath, and the former has the feathers of the rnmp as well
as the njiper tail-coverts edged with slaty grey. Pelzeln {I.e.) mentions also
exam [lies from Salto Girao, but in the series forwarded for my inspection by
Dr. Lorenz this locality is not represented.
150. Lathria ciutrea (Vieill.).
Aniju-Ht ciiirrm Vieillot, Norn: Diet. viii. p. 1(V3 (1817.— Cayenne).
Lathria ciim-ea Hellmayr, I.e. p. 363 (Humaytha).
LijKuiffiis 2>li'mbens Pelzeln, l.r. p. 122 (Borba).
Nos. 330, 4S1. c?? ad., Calama, 3, 20. viii. 1007.— Wing 120; tail 115,
109 mm.
No. 802. ?, Allianca, 20. \\. 1907.— Wing 120 ; tail 115 mm.
" " Iris grey or greyish brown, feet dark grey, bill black."
151. Lipangus simplex (Liclit.).
Uusdcapa ximpUx Lichtenstein, Verz. Duljl. BerVuitr .\lus. p. 53 (1823.— Bahia).
LijKwgiis .limplrx Pelzeln, /.<■. p. 123 (Salto Girao, Borba).
Lipatigus simplex Hellmayr, Nor. Znnl. xiv. p. 3C4 (Borba).
Nos. 349, .553. ? ad., ? imm., Calama, 7. viii. 1907; .Jamarysinho, 14. i.\.
1907.— Wing 99, 95 ; tail 07, 92 ; bill 20 mm.
Nos. 1019, 1051. i ad., ? vi.K ad., Marnins, 15, 22. vii. 1908.— Wing 100, 97;
tail 95, 94; bill 19, 18 mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
152. Laniocera hypopyrra (Vieilh).
Ampelis hi/popi/rm Vieillot, Xour. Dirt. viii. p. KU (1817.— "Guyane," sc. Cayenne).
Laniocera hijpnpijrra Hellmayr, I.e. p. 364 (Borba).
No. 305. ? ad., Calama, 30. vii. 1907. " Iris grey, feet blackish plnmbeons,
bill black."— Wing 108 ; tail 94 mm.
The spots on the sides of the cliest are yellow, mixed with pale orange, e.xactly
as in a specimen from Caura, Venezuela ; while in others from the same locality
they are either snlphnr-ycllow or orange.
( 315 )
[153. Attila brasiliensis brasiliensis Less.
AUila brasiliensis Lesson, Traite d'Oni. livr. .'). p. 3G0 (end of 1830. — " Bresil," errore ! the type is
from Cayenne ; cf. Pucheran, Airli. .l/«s. P,iris vii. 1S.55. p. ?i(iC,) ; Hellmayr, Nm; Znul. xiii.
I'JDG. pp. .'!28-30 (crit.).
Dati/:r/iJiiila iirvpygiidis Cabanis in S=lioml)tirgIc, lieiini in Bril. dniami iii. p. ri.Sl'i (I81.'<. — British
Guiana).
Altila tirnpygialis Pelzeln, Zki- Orii. Bras. ii. p. flf! (Salto do Girao).
Left bank of Madeira : Salto do Girao (Xatterer).
The specimen obtained by Natterer is perfectly similar to russet-backed examples
from Brit. Guiana and the Canra Valley. Lately I have been enabled to examine
Cabanis' tyj)e of D. uropijgialis (cf. I.e. p. 328), and found it to be a young bird
of the present species, with the back dull russet-brown, large rufescent margins to
the wing-coverts, etc.]
[154. Attila spadiceus rufigularis Pelz.
Miisrirapa spmlieeit Gmelin, Sunt. Nat. 1. ii. p. 937 (1788.— based on '■ Yellow-rumped Flycatcher,"
Latham, Gen. Si/n. Binh 2. i. p. .3.54 : Cayenne).]
Altila riifii/u/ai-ii Poizehi, Z:ir Orn. Bra':, ii. pp. 9f,, 170 (18G8.— Salto do Girao).
Left bank : Salto do Girao (Natterer).
The type, an immature bird, is still the only known specimen. It is most
closely related to A. s. spadiceus, but the throat and sides of the head are of a
much clearer and brighter ferruginons (withont any brownish admixture), the
axillaries and under wing-coverts lighter ochraccous, and the middle of the
abdomen is more extensively white. A good series from the Rio Madeira is
required to establish the claims of this form to recognition.
Moreover, I must confess that I have strong doubts about ^4. brasiliensis and
^1. spadiceus being specifically distinct, and should not be surprised if they should
turn out to be merely phases of the same form !]
[155. Attila thamnophiloides (Spix).
Muxciriipa IhamnitphihiideH 8\>W, Ar. Bras. ii. [i. I'.l. pi. xxvi. fig. 2 (1825. — "in locis sylvaticis
fl. Amizonum ").
Attila thamnophiloides Pelzeln, I.e. p. 9,1 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nur. Zuol. xiv. 1907. p. 3ii4 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).]
[156. Attila bolivianus nattereri Hellm.
Altila nattereri Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool. But. Geselhch. ^\'ial Iii. p. 9o (1902.— Borba, Rio
Madeira).
A. bolivianus (nee Lafresnaye) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 96 (Borba, Pard).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). Not obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns.
^1. b. nattereri differs from A. b. bolicianus by its considerably darker coloration
and smaller size. The distinguishing characters are fully given I.e. : cf. also my
remarks in Nov. Zool. xiii. 190G. p. 33(1. Miss Snethlage has lately sent, for
my inspection, two males taken at Monte Alogre, Lower Amazons, which agree
perfectly with the types in the Vienna Museum. The range of the two races
is as follows : —
( 316 )
Qi) A. holi fid lilts boliriiuiiis Lafr.
AltHa bolirlamis Lafresnaye, Rev. Znol. xi. p. 4G (1848.— based on Tiiraniim ru/e.iceiis Lafr. &
D'Orb., Si/ri. At: in .V-ir/. Zmil. 1837. cl. ii. p. 44 : " Bolivie : Mo.\os, Chiquitos ").
A. vuliihis Pelzeln, Zur Oni. tims. ii. pp. 90, lCi9 (18G8. -Villa Maria ; Engeaho do Gama iind Villa
Bella de Matogros.so, Rio (iuapore).
Ilab. Eastern Bolivia : Moxos, Cliiqnitos (D'Orliigny). Western Mattogrosso :
Cliajiaila (Smitb) ; Villa Maria, Rio Paraguay ; Engenho do (Jama and Villa Holla,
on the Rio Gnapore (Natterer). W. Brazil : Caehocira, on the Rio Pnri'is.*
Thirteen adults (Mattogrosso, East Bolivia, Puri'is) measure: wing 114—100 ;
tail 83—80 mm.
oIjs. The types of .1. holii-ianiis and .1. raliilaa are jiractically identical, and
an adult male from the Upper Purus (Cachoeira) does not differ either.
(4) A. bolirianus nattcirri Ilellm.
Hub. Northern Brazil : Borba, Rio Madeira (Natterer) ; Monte Alegre,
Amazons (Snethlage) ; Para (Natterer).
Five adults (Rnrha, Pani, Monte Alegre) measure: wing 01— O-Ji ; tail
70—80 mm.]
l.")7. Phoenicircus nigricollis Sw.
P/i.jra/tv'nvi.s- ///Vyiv'mWs Swainson in Uichiirilsoii, F(("H/( ll.ir.uli-Aiiirric. 11. Birth p. 4'.U (1831.—
based on AmpeU>: earnifcc Spix, Ar. linis. ii. p. 4. pi. v.: "in sylvis fl. Nigri ad iirbem
Barcellonam ").
Phoeiiicocercm nigricoUiK Pelzeln, l.f. p. 131 (Borba).
No. 150. ? ad, Calama, 3. vii. 1907. "Iris brown, feet greyish green, bill
blackish brown."— Wing 110 ; tail 83 ; bill 1.5i mm.
158. Cotiuga cayana (Linn.).
AmjjfUH ctiyami Linnaeus, ,%.f/. iV<((. xii. 1. p. L'lW (ITGll.— ex Brisson : "Brasilia, Cayana ").
Cotiuga cm/ami Pelzeln, l.r. p. 133 (Borba).
No. 308. S ad., Calama, 31. vii. 1907. "Iris brown, feet and bill black."—
Wing 11.) ; tail 80 mm.
Agreeing with examples from Surinam, Cayenne, etc.
[l.'io. Xipholena punicea (Pall.).
Turdui punkmx Pallas in Vroeg's Cul.ilofr"', .^'lumbnit. p. 2 (1704.—'- Zuyd America ").
Xijihtilena pmn/xulom Pelzeln, l.r. p. 133 (Borba).
Borba (Natterer). This species is by no means confined to tlie Guianas (cf.
Cat. BircU xiv. p. 387), but also widely distributed in Amazonia. Natterer
obtained specimens at various places on the Rio Negro, and Mr. E. Garbe sent an
adult male from the Rio Jurua to the Museu Paulista. Amazonian birds have
somewhat longer wings and tails, but do not otherwise differ.]
[100. Cephalopterus ornatus Geoffr.
CcphalojAerm ornatus Geoffrey, Ami. .\tus. iH/isL ^al. I'aris xiii, p. 238. pi. 17 (1809.-loc. inc.) ;
Pelzeln, I.e. p. 135 (Engenho do Gama, Ponte do Guaporu, Forte do Principe).
Both banks : Forte do Principe, Guapor6 (Natterer).]
• A. lolivianiis Snetlilage, Joiirn.f. Urii. IBOS. p. i:!.
( 317 )
I'll. Gymnoderus foetidus (Linn.).
Griti'idaf'H'thln Liuuaeus. .S7/-s7. Nat. x. p. 108 ( 1 7.'>S. — " America, Rolander " ; Sitrinaiu Hxed as type
locality, ef. Nuv. Zonl. ix. p. 58).
G ijinnndcnis fiictitlus Pelzeln, /,'•. p. \?)h (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Noi\ Zn'iL xiv. p. 'Mi (Ilumaytha).
No. 325. c? ad., Oalama, 2. viii. 1907.— Wing 195 ; tail 138 mm.
Nos. 32(5, 703. ¥ ?, Calama, 2. viii. 1907 ; S. Isabel, 10. x. 1907.— Wing 195 ;
tail 128 mm.
" Iris brown or grey, feet blackish or grey, bill bluisli grey, bare slcin on neck
blue."
102. Furnarius minor Pelz.
Furiiurius {Opel'inrlujiichns) minor Pelzeln, Sihnngsbei: Akad. Whxnisch. Wini {m-ilh.-nalurio'iss.
CI.) xxxi. p. 321 (1858. — " Brasilia," sc. Rio Madeira, below tho mouth o£ the Rio Mabisy ; cf.
idem, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 35).
No. 105. ? ad., Calama, 25. vi. 1907.— "Wing 73 ; tail 4s ; bill 17 mm.—
" Iris yellowish brown, feet and bill grey."
Agrees in coloration and size with speciiuens from the left bank of the Tapajoz
(Itaituba, Urucnrituba), previously obtained by Mr. Hotfmanus. The species occurs
also in Eastern Peru (Nauta, Lpiitos, Santa Oruz).
[103. Synallaxis hypospodia Scl.
Synulla.tis hi/pux/imHa Solater, Pror. Zml. Soc. Loud. 1874. p. 10 (1874. — Bahia, Eastern Brazil).
Si/nrtllaxis sp., Hellmayr, Nov. Zonl. xiv. p. 3I!4 (Humaytba).
Left bank : Humaytba (Hoffmanns), a single adult female obtained.
On comparing this bird with additional e.xamples from Bahia, I find that,
e.xcept the nearly uniform black throat-patch, none of the other differences
mentioned by me hold good, and Count Berlepsch, to whom it was suliraitted for
inspection, also believes it to be -S'. ki/pospodia. It will be remembered that this
species has lately been procured by M. Jeau Kaliuowski in the Santa Ana
Valley, C.E. Peru *]
[104. Synallaxis propinqua Pelz.
Synallaxis propinqua Pelzeln, Sitziingsber. Akil. \Vissenv:h. Wien (mnth.-naliirwiss. CI.) xxxiv.
p. 101 (1859.— " Brasilia,'' sc. Rio Madeira, below the mouth o£ the Rio Mahisy ; cf. Pelzeln,
Orn. Bras. i. p. 37).
Rio Madeira : below the mouth of tlie Rio Mahisy (Natterer). Not obtained
by Mr. Hoffmanns.
This very distinct sjiecies agrees with the South Brazilian S. cinerascens
Temm. in the coloration of the throat, but has a much longer bill, much paler,
greyish brown under parts passing into whitish aloug the middle of the belly,
and the ferruginous colour of the wings and tail is considerably cleirer. It is also
found on the Rio Juru!i,t in Eastern Peru, but does not appear to occur east of the
Madeira Valley.]
105. Synallaxis gujanensis inornata Pelz.
\Motarilla i/njniirnsis Gmelin, Si/sl. Nil. 1. ii. [i. '.ISS (17M',I. — based on " L? Rougequeue, de Cayenne,"
D'Aui)enton, PI. enl. 086. fi^. ■>).]
Synallaxis iiiurnala Pelzeln, Sil^ini'jshrr. .Mead. Wiss. ]Vii'ii {nuilli.-imlnrioiss CI.) xx. 1. p. UiO
(1856.— Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, Znr Orn. Bra.^. i. 18 17. p. 3U (Salto do Girao,
Borba).
■S fjnj<inensis inoriiala Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. I'.IOT. p. 364 (Humaytba).
S. ijiiianenxis (errore!) Snethlage, Juurn. f. Orn. U'08. p. 13 (Monte Verde, Bjm Lugar ; Rio
Punl<).
• Berlepsch & Stolzaiann, Ornis xiii. 2. ISHJIi. \\ D2. f Ihering, Itcrist. Miis. Paid. \i. p. 135,
( ai8 )
No. 462. (J arl., Ciilama, '2(i. viii. 1907.— Wing 62 : tail 65 ; bill 1.") mm.
No. 420. ? vi.x a.']., Calama, Island of Sta. Barbi, Is. viii. 1007.— Wiiij,' 601 ;
tail 64; bill 14i mm.
No. 780. j imm., Alliaiica, 12. .xi. l'.)07.— Wing OlA ; tail 66 ; bill 14 mm.
" Iris brown, feet grey, bill black, lower mandible jiale."
Besides the above, 1 have examined the typical examples in the Vienna
Mnsenm (a conple from Borba, one from Salto do (Jirao). an adult female from
Hnmaytlia, and two males from the Rio I'nn'is (Monte Verde, Bora Lngar : I'ara
Mnsenm). The series ditfers from a very large number of skius of true
S. g. gujanensis* by having the under parts nearly uniform rusty buff, with very
little, if any, whitish admixture along the middle line of the abdomen. In the
typical race, the foreueck, chest, and sides are buft'y brown or pale earthy brown,
while the middle of the breast and abdomen is e.xtensively creamy white. Altiiough
single specimens are not always easily to be told, yet the difference is sufficiently
marked to jnstify the recognition of -S'. y. inornata. By the bright coloration of the
lower parts it slightly approaches 5. nlbilora Pelz.,t bnt the latter is distinguished
at a glance by the upper tail-coverts and tertials being cinnamon-rufous like the tail
(instead of earthy brown like the back). The back, too, is fulvous browu mi.xed
with cinnamon (instead of dull earthy brown), and the under surface is decidedly
deeper ochraceous.
S. (J. inornata, as here defined, inhabits the tract of country between the
Madeira Valley (Borba, Calama, Hnmaytha, Salto do Girao) and the Upper Pnri'is.
I suspect, however, that the bird from the Rio Jurna identified as S. alhilora by
Prof. Ihering % will also prove to belong to it.
[166. Synallaxis mustelina Scl.
Si/iiallax/n iiiit.^lellnu (Natterer MS.) Sclater, Pmr. Zoul. Soc. Lund. 1874. p. 14 (1H74.— Rio Madeira).
S. cinnaiiKinieii (errore !) Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras. i. p. 37 (Rio Madeira, below the mouth of the Rio
Marmellos).
Rio Madeira : below the mouth of the Rio Marmellos (Natterer).
In addition to the types (in the Vienna Museum) I have examined four
adnlts obtained by Curate de Castelnau at Sarayacu and near Pebas, Eastern
Pero, in the Paris Museum ; a conple from the Upper Ucayali (Bartlett), and
one adult female from Teffe (Hoffmanns), in the Tring Mnsenm. All have a
conspicuous blackish loral stripe. S. frcnata Snethl. § is therefore a synonym of
S. mustelina.']
167. Synallaxis rutilans amazonica Ilellm.
fiiinalhi.i-is ratilam amazonica Hellmayr, Nov. Znol. xiv. p. 14 (IHOT.— Itaitiiba, Tapajriz River);
idem, /.<■. p. 52 (Teffe) ; Snethlage Juurn.f. Orii. 1908. p. 50lj (Bella A'ista, ri<;ht bank of the
Tapajoz).
Nos. 6, 33. 6 ad., <? imm., Ualama, 8, 13. vi. l'.)07.— Wing 62, 61 ; tail 70,
65 ; bill 12, 13 mm.
• SI from Cayenne, 1 ^ at\. IS.arlica Grove, llrit.(iuiari:i, ^ J Kwata, Surinam, ^ J Ilailiilw, Tapajuz,
1 (J 5 TcfEi, Amazons, 1 (J, 2 J } C'aura, 2 ad. from Iio{,'ota, g J I'ara, etc.
f Sitzunrjsher. Aluid. Wist. ICtcpt (ma</(.-na<«rHv'.v<. C'/Oxx. 1. p. 1C0(1.S5«.— W. Mattogrosso : Cuyaba
Villa Maria, Engcnho do Gania ; cf. I'elzelii, Orn. Uran. i. lHt;7. p. 37).
J Reriitt. Mux. Paul. vi. p. 43.'>.
§ Journ.f. Orn. 1900. p. 523 (Santarem).
( 319 )
No. 275. ? ail, Calama, 20. vii. 1907.— Wing 03; tail (incomplete); bill
12 mm.
" Iris brown, feet dark grey, bill black."
The adult male (No. 0), like the type and several examples from Teffe,
has the j)ileam and mantle deep cinnamon-rnfons, with scarcely any brownish
sufifasion. The two other specimens and an adult female from Bella Vista (right
bank of the Tapajoz) are somewhat intermediate between .S^. ;•. amazonica and
S. r. rutilans: They have the vertex and mantle brown like the latter, bnt the
lateral interseapnlar feathers are entirely or partly ferruginous, and there is a
decided rnfous admixture across the nape.
The range of S. r . amtzonka is, accordingly, as follows : ITorth-Easteru Peru:
Xeberos, Chamicnros, Chyavetas (Bartlett), Yurimaguas (Stolzmanu). North
Brazil: Tette, Rio Solimoiins (Hoflfmanns) ; Calama, llio Madeira (Hoffmanns);
Itaituba, left bank (Hoffmanns), Bella Vista, right bank of the Rio Tapajoz
(Snethlage) ; Santarem (Riker).
S. r. rutilans Temm. inhabits the Rio Negro and Orinoco district (cf. Noi;. Zool.
xiv. p. 13), but occurs also in Lo.ver Amazonia on the banks of the Tocantins. I
have examined a specimen from C'ameta in the Berlin Museum,* and an adult female
obtained by Miss Snethlage at Arumathena,t and found them jierfectly agreeing
with my large series from Venezuela, etc.
Still farther to the east, near Para and on the Oapim and Guama rivers,
another distinct form, S. r. omissa Hart., is met with, while a fourth race, .S'. /■. trrtia
Hellm., dwells in Western Mattogrosso (Rio Guapore) and in the north-western
parts of Sao Paulo (Irisanga).
Cf. my review in Nod. Zool. xiv. pp. 13-15.
168. Siptornis vulpina vulpina (Pelz.}.
Si/milla.cis I'lilpiiia Fe\ziiln, Silziin:i<b"r. Abi I. ]Vi<seiiii-!i. Wieii (iit'itli.-natnnoisi. CI.) xx. 1. p. 1()2
(IS.5I1. — " Brasilia," sc. Rio Claro aud Guardaoiot- : Goyaz ; Vdla Maria, Eogentio do (iama.
Villa Bella ; Mattogrosso ; Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, Oni. Bras. i. 18G7. p. .S7 (ut supra).
No. 223. ? ad., Calama, 14. vii. 10U7.— Wing 63 ; tail 01 ; bill 13^ mm.
No. 48.3. S juv., Calama, 29. viii. 1907.— Wing 05 ; tail 03 ; bill 13i mm.
No. 220. ? juv., Calama, 14. vii. 1907.— Wing 03 ; tail 01 ; bill 12^ mm.
The adult female agrees exactly with Pelzeln's type-specimens kindly lent by
Dr. von Lorenz, and others from Goyaz, Rio Grande (Northern S. Paulo), etc., in the
Tring and Berlepsch Museums. The principal character of (S. r. ctdpitm consists of
the pileum and upper back being uniform fox-red, in decided contrast to the pale
olive-brown rump. Two females taken by Miss Snethlage on the island of Goyana,
Tapajoz,^ are in every respect similar to typical examples, while a single S ad. from
Arumathena (Tocantins §) is much paler, buffy brown, on the rump.
In coloration the sexes are alike, but the females are decidedly smaller. The
Rio Madeira appears to form the western limit of the range of vulpina, since farther
to the west, on the Rio Pun'is, another form, S. culpimi alopecias (Pelz. |i) is
met with.
* S. nthricatti Lichtenstein, Namrncl. -Ir. liirol. p. fJU (1851. — noiii. nufl. ; cf. C.ibanis & Ueino, .Vw«.
Itein. ii. 185i». p. 29. note •••).
t S. rutilaiu buethlage, Journ.f. Orn. 1908, p. 530.
X Journ.f. Orn. 1908. p. 506.
§ i.e. p. 529.
II SijimlUij;ix alopecms I'elzeln, Sitzungshfi'. .ik'id. UV«. Wieii (^miith.-natunvhs. {'l.) xxxiv. p. ICI
(1859,— Forte do Rio Branco; cf. Pelzeln, Oin. liras. p. 37).
( 320 )
The adult mules of the latter closely resemble S. v. ndpina, but, as a rule,
there is more or less of brownish admixture iu tlie fox-red of the najje, while the
females differ at a glace in having the nape and back olive-browu like the rump,
the ])ileum alone being rnfons. In adilition to the two t_v]>e-s])ecimi'ns from Forte
do Hio Branco (Natterer coll., Vienna Musenm) I have before mc sixteen skins from
the middle and uppsr Orinoco (Altagracia, Maipures, Caicara, CJiudad Bolivar;
Cherrie & Klages coll.), fonr from the Pnrus River,* and one from the Upper
Sarare (Geay coll., Paris Museum). In contradiction to a former statement of mine,t
I find that examples from North Peru (Nauta, Pebas) likewise belong to alopecias
and not to culpinu. S. vulpectda % is, therefore, most probably synonymons with
alopecias, yet a series from the Ucaj'ali should be examined.
100. Siptornis gutturata (Lafr. k D'Orb.).
All ihat-ii giill'iral'isljxtceiadiya & D'Orbigiiy, Si/ii. Ar, II. ia Mnj. Zul. cl. ii. p. 14 (1838.—
Yuracares, N.E. Bolivia); cf. Me'Qegiu.v et Hellraiyr, J/e;«. Soc. d'Uiat. Nat. Auhm xix.
1906. p. 76.
Siiiloriiiii ijuttarata Hellmiyr, .V.jr. Ziyil. .xiv. 1907. p. 3!U (Humxytha).
No. 86. (? ad., Calama, 21. vi. lOuT. " Iris dirty yellowi.sh white, feet green,
bill black, below grey." — Wing 7U ; tail 64 ; bill 16 mm.
There is no difference between the specimens from the Rio Madeira and others
obtained on the Rio Negro (.S'. hijposticta Pelz.) and in Venezuela (Orinoco, (Jaura).
[I TO. Ancistrops strigilatus (Spix).
Tlmmmjihilus siririilntiis Spix, Ai: Bras. ii. p. 26. pi. xxxvi. fij. 1 (182.5. — Brazil) ; Pelzsla, Ziir
Om. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 78 (Borba).
Rio Madeira : Borba (Natterer). Mr. Iloffmauas obtained a cjuplc at Telle,
Rio Solimoiins,§ and Prof. Ihering received another from the Rio Jurua. ||]
171. Automolus subulatus subulatus (Spix).
Sjiheiiura siihuhita Spix, Ar. Bra.i. i. p. 82. pi. l.xxxiii. lig. 1. (1824. — "in sylvis flum. Amazonum").
No. 196. c? ad., Calama, 9. vii. 1907. " Iris dark brown, feet grey, bill black,
below grey." — Wing 82 ; tail 09 ; bill 211 mm.
This is the first record from the Rio Madeira. The bird agrees with Spix's
type in the Munich Museum, except iu being much brighter underneath because the
latter is extremely faded through exposure to light. The lower jiarts are clear
buify, the inner sides of the breast and the flanks slightly tinged with olive; the
feathers of the foreneck show obsolete edges of dark olive.
A. s. a.sgimili.f Berl. & Tacz.,1[ of Western Ecuador, is easily distinguished by its
darker, more reddish brown back ; much darker, chestnut-rufous colour of the rump,
n]iper tail-coverts, and rectrices ; by lacking the narrow bnif shaft-lines on the
• !Snellila);e, Jniirn.f. Orii. 1908. p. 1.3.
f Mem. Soc. <V Hid. Xat. Auiim xix. l'J06. p. 7").
X !Sclatcr& 8alvin, P.Z.H. ISIJC. p. is I (Ucayali, East Peru).
§ Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 61.
II Retitt. Mm. I'aiil. vi. p. 4.'Jli.
IT Automolus ansim^lis Berlepsch & Taczano\v.ski, l*roc. Zool. .S'nc. Loiul. ISSiJ. p. 561 (Chiiiibo, Western
Ecuador).
( 321 )
pileiim and nape ; and by having the breast and abdomen strongly washed with
olivaceous.
Both differ from the typical species of Automolus by their straighter, slenderer
bill.
172. Automolus ochi'olaemus turdiuus (Pelz.).
[Anabates ochrolaemus T.schudi, Arch. Natiirg. 10. i. p. '295 (1844.— Peru).]
AnahalfK tiinliinis Pe\ze]n, Silziiiii/xbei: Ahid. Wissensch. Wieii (malh.-iialurwis-t. CI.') yixxiv. p. 110
(1859. — '• Brasilia, " sc. Barra do Rio Negro ; Bsrba, Rio Mideira ; cf. Pelzeln, Zur Urn. Bras.
i. p. 41).
Automolus ocJirulneiitiis tiirdhins Hellmayr, Nor. Zotil. xiv. 1917. p- 365 (Humiytha).
No. 187. <S ad., Calama, 7. vii. 1907, " Iris brown, feet light green, bill black,
below greyish green." — Wing 94; tail 80; bill 21^ ram.
This specimen may be considered as topotypieal. ( 'f my remarks I.e.
173. Automolus iufuscatus paraensis Hart.
\_Anahates hifnsraliis Solater, Ann. Mar/. Nat. Hist, (-ijxvii. p. 468(1856. — " in Peruvii oriental! ").*]
Automnliis scliileri iiaraenaix Hartert, Nor. Zool. ix. p. 61, note (1902. — " Bemavides'' [= Benevides]
near Pari).
Anabates sclaleri (nee Pelzelo) Pelzelu, Znr Orn. Bras. i. 1807. p. 41 (part. : Pari and Borba).
No. 200. (J ad., Calama, 10. vii. 1907. " Iris brownish grey, feet grey, bill
dark grey."— Wing 93 ; tail 78 ; bill 21 mm.
In addition I have before me Natterer's specimens from Borba and Para, an
adult female from the Tapajoz, and a male obtained by Miss Snethiage at S. Antonio
do Praia, near Para. The series differs very markedly from A. i. infaacatus and
A. i. cercicnlis by having the pilenm dark greyish olive (instead of bright olive-
brown or russet). The range of A. i. paraensi.^ comprises that tract of country south
of the main valley of the Amazons lying between the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama)
and Pard. In Nov. Zool. xii. p. 279, I also referred to specimens from Mandos
(Barra do Rio Negro), bnt this was a mistake, there being none from this locality
in the Vienna Museum.
Cf. my review in Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 53.
174. Philydor pyri'hodes (Cab.).
Anabates pyrrhod^'s Cabanis ia Schomburgk, Ri'isf.n Brit. Gniana iii. p. 689 (1848. — Coast of
British Guiana) ; Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. 1867. p. 40 (Salto do Girao).
Philydor pyrrhodes Hellmayr, Nor. Zoul. xiv. p. .365 (Humaytha).
No. 54. S ad., Calama, 17. vi. 1907.— Wing 93 ; tail 74 ; bill 19 mm.
Nos, 92, 201. ? ad., ? vix ad. (erroneously sexed " cJ "), Calama, 22. vi.,
10. vii. 1907.— Wing 85, 82 ; tail 63, 61 ; bill 18, 17J mm.
" Iris brown, feet yellowish grey or light yellow, bill grey (92), blackish
(54, 201)."
Identical with Cayenne and Venezuelan (Caura) specimens. This species is
widely distributed all over the Amazonian forest region from the Gaianas to
Eastern Peru and Ecuador. Salto do Girao, on the Rio Madeira, is the most
southerly locality yet recorded. Mr. Hoffmanns obtained it also at Itaitiiba, left
bank of the Tapaj6z.t
* = Anabates Sctateri Pelzeln, Sitzuiiysher. AJcatl. W'issensrh. Wieit (^math.-iiattiriviss. Ct.) zxxiv.
p. Ill (1S59.— nom. emend, pro A. infuscatn.i Scl. ; cf. Berlepscli it, Hellmayr, Journf. Orn. 190j. p. 30).
■f Hellmayr, ^\tr. Zool. xiv. p. 16.
21
( 322 )
175. Philydor erythrocercus (Pelz.).
AnahaUn erythrocercm Pelzeln, Sitzungsher. Akad. Wissmsch. Wien (nalh.-nalurwiis. CI.) xxiiv.
p. 105 (1859.—" Brasilia," ec. Barra do Rio Negro ; cf. Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 39).
No. 252. S ad., Calama, 22. vii. 1907.— Wing 87 ; tail C>7 ■ bill IG mm.
Nos!. 18, 50, 101, 306, 470, 504. ? i ad. and imm., Calama, 10, 16, 24. vi.,
30. vii., 27. viii., 1. ix. 1907.— Wing 79—81 ; tail 62—68 ; bill 15—17 mm.
"Iris brown or greyish brown, feet brown or grey, bill grey, npper mandible
darker."
Agreeing with a typical specimen from Barra do Rio Negro (Manaos).
Examples from Para are not different either. This species, thongh for the first
time recorded from tlie Rio Madeira, has a wide range in Amazonia, being found
from Cayenne, British Guiana, and Para westward to the Punis and Jurua
Rivers. Messrs. Sclater & Salvin,* farthermore, mention it in their report on
Bartlett's Peruvian collections, but I have not yet examined specimens from this
country.
176. Xenops genibarbis genibarbis 111.
Xenops genibarbis lUiger, Prodr. Si/sl. Mamm. el Ai'. p. 213 (1811. — CameUS, Lower Amazons);
cf. Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 54.
X. g. genibarbis Hellmayr, Nor. Zool, xiv. p. 365 (Humaytha, Borba).
X. approxiniuns Pelzelu, Znr Orn. Bros. i. 1867. p. 41 (Silto Girao, Sao Joao do Crate, Borba,
Rio Madeira, etc.).
Nos. 109, 298. 66 ad., Calama, 25. vi., 30. vii. 1907.— Wing 66, 69; tail
50,54; bill 14i, 15 mm.
No. 469. ? imm., Calama, 27. viii. 1907.— Wing 63; tail 48 ; bill 13J mm.
No. 1012. (J ad., Maruins, 21. vii. 1908.— Wing 66 ; tail 61 ; bill 14| mm.
" Iris brown, feet dark grey, bill dark grey or blackish."
Cf. my revision of the A', genibarbi.i group in Xoc. Zool. xiv. pp. 54-5.
[177. Xenops rutilus tenuirostris Pelz.
[Xenops rutilus Licbtenstein, Verz. Dnhl. lierliner Mus. p. 17 (1823. — Bahia).]
Xenops tenuirostris Pelzeln, SilZHn;jsber. .ikad. Wiss. Wien {iiiatk.-nuturwiss. CI.) xxxiv. p. 112
(1859. — Salto do Girao) ; idem, Zur Orn. Bros, i. p. 41 (ut supri).
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Halto do (Jir.io (Natterer).
The type in tiie Vienna Museum is still nni([ne. It is an inunature male
and measures : wing 63i ; tail 45 mm.
A', i: tenuirostris is nearest to A', r. Iietenirtis (!al). Hi, Heine,f but the third
and fourth rectrices (from ontside) are wholly black, the fifth has the inner weh
black, and there is also a black stripe along the inner web of the penultimate
tail-feather. Besides, the bill is much weaker and slenden-r. This, however,
may be due to immaturity, and should be confirmed by a series from the Rio
Madeira. Yet I believe there can be no question of A. /■. tenuirostris being a
valid form.
('f. the review of the geographical races of X. nttilus in Xoc. Zool. xv. 1908.
pp. 62-3.]
* Ptoc. Zuol. Soc. Land. 1873. p. 269.
f X hitcruTus Oalianis & Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. S.^ (1S59.— Colombia).
( 323 )
178. Sclerums caudacutus umbretta (Licht.).
[Thamnophilus cauilacntiis Vieillot, Nom\ Did. iii. p. 310 (1816. — "se trouve k la Guyane ").]
Mi/iolhera iimbirlln Lichtenstein, Vers. Diibl. Berliner .!//(«. p. 43 (1823. — Bihia).
Scleriiriix ramlarutiis uinliretln, Hellmayr, Nnv. Zonl. xiv. 11)07. p. 66 (crit.).
S. caudacutus (errore !) Pelzeln, Ziir Urn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 86 (paft. : Borba) ; Snethlage, Joiira.
/. Ora, 1908. p. 507 (Villa Braga, Tapajuz).
No. 78. S itnm., Calaraa, 26. x. 1907.— Wing 93 ; tail 70 ; bill 21 i mm.
Nos. 195, 284, 728. ? ? ad., Calama, 9, 28. vii., 25. x. 1907.— Wiag 88—91 ;
tail 64—68 ; bill 21—22 mm.
No. 992. ? ad., Marniiis, 10. vii. 190S.— Wing 88 ; tail 62 ; bill 2(U mm.
" Iris brown, feet blackish brown or black, bill black, below grey."
Some of these specimens have the foreneck and sides of the head conspicuously
tinged with tawny, while this is less apparent in others. As a vi'hole, the series
agrees very well with a number of skins from the Tapajoz (Villa Braga ; coll.
Snethlage) and Paril ; but 1 must confess that, in view of the variability of the
Lower Amazonian birds, I have strong doubts as regards the distinctness of
S. c. brunneus. Cf. my review of Sclerums caudacutus and its allies I.e. The
range of S. c. umbretta is as follows : —
Eastern Brazil : Rio Espiritu Santo (Garbe coll. in Mus. Paulist. — vidi), Bahia
(coll. Berlin, American and British Mus.) ; Prata, near Para (Robert). Central
Brazil : Villa Braga, on the Rio Tapajuz (Snethlage) ; Borba (Hoffmanns), Calama
(Hoffmanns), Rio Bladeira ; Marains, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns).
[179. Sclerurus rufigularis Pelz.
Sderurus riifiquhiria Pelzeln, Ztir Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 87, 161 (1868. — Borba, Rio Madeira ; Mara-
bitaaas, od the upper Rio Negro).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
This species is allied to .S. mexicanus Scl., but has a much shorter and weaker
bill, the throat of a decidedly brighter and clearer rufous, etc. It also occurs in
the Pari district and in the Guianas.
Cf Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. pp. 364-5.]
[180. Sittasomus sylviellus atnazonus Lafr.
[Dendrocolaptes sylviellus Temminck, Rec. PI. col. livr. 12. pi. 72. iig. 1 (1821. — " Br^sil").]
Sittasomus amazoniis Lafresuaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) ii. p. 590 (1850. — "ad summum Amazonum'') ;
Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 42 (Borbi aad Salto Theotonio : Rio Madeira).
Rio Madeira : Borba, Salto do Theotonio (Natterer).
The Borba specimens agree with a series from Teff(5, Venezuela (Canra), and
British Guiana : head, nape, and lower surface being mouse-grey, witliout any olive
tinge ; the npper back rufescent brown, rather darker than in 5. s. chapddensi.^.
An adnlt female from Salto Theotonio, farther up the river, is paler throughont,
and forms the transition to chapadensis. The latter form inhabits Western Matto-
grosso (Chapada, Pari near Cayaba, Uruciim, Engenho do Gama, on the Rio
Gnapor^, not far from Villa Bella de Mattogrosso), the adjoining parts of Bolivia
(Chic^uitos), the northern states of Argentine, and Northern Paraguay. In Goyaz
it intergrades with 5. s. syhiellus (cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. p. 93).]
( 324 )
181. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudii Des Mnrs.
[Demlrocolaples cuneatus Lichtenstein, Abhatidl. Akad. Berlin u d. Jahren 1818-19. p. '2M. pi. ii.
fig. 2 (1820. — "in Brasiliae provincia Bahia" ; cf. idem, I.e. a. d. Jahren 1820-21. p. 264 ).J
Glyphorhyiu'hus ciislehiandil Des Murs in Castelnau'a Voyage, Oiseaux, p. 47. pi. xv. fig. 2 (1856. —
Santa Maria, Eastern Peru).
G. cuneatus (nee Licht.) Pelzein, I.e. p. 42 (Borlja).
No. 265. ((?) ad., Calarna, 24. vii. 19ii7.— Wing TO ; tail 71 ; bill 12 mm.
No. 900. ? ad., Marnins, 3. vi. 1908.— Wing 66 ; tail 06 ; bill 12 ram.
" Iris brown, feet dark grey, bill black, below greyish."
Two eggs found in a hole of a tree and taken with the jiarent bin! (No. 900)
are uniform dull white, and measure 19 x 15, 18 x 15 mm.
[182. Deudrornis guttata eytoni (Scl.).
[Dendrocolaptes giiltulu.i Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Akad. Berlin a. d. Jahren 1818-19. p. 201 (1820.—
"in Brasiliae provincia Bahia" ; cf. idem, I.e. 1820-21. p. 264).]
Dendrociilaples eytmii Sclnter, Pme. Zotd. Soc. Lnnd. xxi. 185'i. p. 69. pi. Ivii. (July 1854.— Rio
Capim, near Pari).
Dendrurnis eytuni Pelzein, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 45 (part. : Borba).
D. guttata eytoni Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 3G6 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).
As pointed out by me {I.e.), the birds from Borba have the light markings
of the crown and upper back rather brighter buff, and the belly more suffused
with rusty, than typical Para e.xamples. However, 1 have lately seen several
specimens from Pard, and Villa Braga, left bank of the Tapaj6z, which agreed in
these respects with those from Borba.]
183. Dendrornis guttata guttatoides (Lafr.).
Nasica ijutlatuides Lafresnaye, Rec. May. Zuul. (^2; ii. p. 387 (1850. — Lorette, N.E. Peru) ; cf.
M^n^gaux & Hellmayr, Ment. Soc. d' Hist. Nat. Autun xix. p. 99.
Dendrornis guttata gnttatoides Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 365 (Humaytha).
D. eytoni Pelzein, I.e. p. 45 (part. : Salto Theotonio).
Nos. 846, 856, 873. SS ad., c? jnv., Marmellos, 21, 23, 27. xii. 1907.— Wing
115 (cf juv.;, 118, 122 ; tail 105— lio ; bill 36 (juv.), 38, 41 mm.
Nos. 850, 851. ? ?, Marmello.s 22. xii. 1907.— Wing 114, 115; tail 95, 99;
bill 39|, 41 mm.
" Iris brown, feet plumbeons, bill grey."
Nos. 155, 202, 205, 421. <?c?, Calama, 2, 10, 11. vii., 18. viii. 1907.— Wing 120
(No. 202), 124—128; tail 104 (No. 202), UO ; bill 39J— 42 mm.
No. 771. ? ad., AUianca, 11. xi. 1907.— Wing 118; tail 109; bill 41 mm.
" Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill dark grey."
The series from Marmellos (left bank) agrees in every detail with several
topotypical Peruvian skins (iu the Munich Museum) and others from Eastern
Ecuador, etc. The bill is pale greyish yellow, with the basal third of the upper
mandible only dusky ; the pale markings on the head and upper back are deep buff,
those of the hindneck being conspicuously edged laterally with blackish ; the throat
bright buff, the ground-colour of the lower parts deep ochraceous ; the feathers of
the foreueck have irregular blackish or dark brown edges, etc.
The specimens from Calama and Allianca, as well as the adult male obtained
by Natterer at Salto Theotonio — i.e. those from the right bank — are decidedly
intermediate between guttatotcles and eytoni. The light markings are creamy white
( 325 )
on the head, clear buff on the mantle, exactly as in eijtoni from Borba ; nnderneath
some are like guttatoides, while others are not distinguishable from ei/toni. In
the shape and colour of the bill they nearly agree with guttatoides, the upper
mandible being greyish horn-colour, though somewhat darker than in specimens
from the left bank (Humaytha, Marmellos, etc.), but not black as in eytotii. Cf.
also Not:. Zool. xiv. pp. 59-60.
184. Dendrornis elegans Pelz.
Dendroniis elegana Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras. i. p. 63 (1897. — Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapor^ *).
No. 251. c? ad., Calama, 22. vii. 19(J7.— Wing 99 ; tail 83 ; bill 32 mm.
Nos. 108, 245, 343, 355. ? ad., ? ? imm. and juv., Calama, 25. vi., 20. vii.,
7, 8. viii. 1907.— Wing 90-96 ; tail 75—80 ; bill 28|— 30 mm.
No. 232. d" imm., Calama, 16. vii. 1907.— Wing 103 ; tail 82 ; bill 31J mm.
Nos. 796, 809. ? ad., ? imm., Allianca, 20, 30. xi. 1907.— Wing 92—95 ; tail
76—79 ; bill 29^-30^ mm.
No. 1016. c? ad., Marnins, 14. vii. 1908.— Wing 101 ; tail 82 ; bill 29 mm.
Nos. 937, 1014. ¥? ad., Maruins, 21. vi., 13. vii. 1908.— Wing 89,96; tail
74, 80 ; bill 28, 30i mm.
" Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill grey, above darker."
Some of these specimens I have compared with the types in the Vienna
Museum, and found them perfectly agreeing. IK elegans is a strongly marked
species, not in any way to be confounded with D. insi'jnis Hellm., which has a
more western range. It is well characterized by having the whole back, from the
nape down to the chestnut rump, covered with large, pearl-shaped spots of buff,
and by the distinct, though narrow, buff shaft-lines or subapical dots on the lesser
and median, sometimes also on the greater upper wing-coverts ; the bend of the
wing is largely cinnamon-rnfons ; the lateral interscapular feathers are spotted with
buff like the back, all these pale markings being conspicuously edged with blackish ;
the nearly straight bill is dnsky horn-colour, yellowish towards the base of the
lower mandible.
D. insignia Hellm.f has the pale markings above deeper in colour, narrower
and longer, more tear-shaped, and confined to the upper back ; the upper wing-
coverts are uniform olive-brown ; the bill decidedly curved, with the greater part
of the upper mandible whitish. This species ranges from Northern Peru through
Ecuador to Eastern Colombia.
/). Juruana Ihering, J from the Rio Jurua, agrees with D. insignia in the
uniform upper wing-coverts and in the coloration of the upper parts, but the
wedge-shaped buff' markings of the chest are very much smaller and not extended
over the lower breast, and the bill is shaped and coloared as in D. elegans. I
am greatly indebted to Prof von Ihering for the loan of two typical specimens, an
adult and an immature male.
I>. spi.rii (Less.) § is the eastern representative of I), elegans, from which it
mainly differs in the shape of the pale spots on the mantle, uniform olive-brown
* Pelzeln mcnlions also M:in.aqiii:vi, but there are no speciraen.s from this locality in the Vienna
MuseuD3.
t Hull. B. O. a XV. p. 55 (March IftO,).— Samiria, N.E. Peru).
t Reoist. Mm. PatilUt. vi. 1904. p. 436: D. ocellata juruana (1905— Rio Juru4).
§ Picolaptcs Spun Lesson, Traitc d'Orn. livr. 4. p. 314 (Sdptember 183U.— based on Denirocolaptet
tenvXroilru (nee Licht.) Spi.^!, Av. Bras. i. 1824. p. 88. pi. 91. fig. 2 : Brazil).
( 326 )
nppor wing-rovevts, ai)fl in having tlie forpnerk anil breast marked witli broad,
ol)lor)g spots of buff. Moreover, there is hardly any nifeseent tinge on the bend
of the wing. The shape of the bill is exactly alike in the two species. D. spixii
ranges from ParA westwards to Santarem, right bank of the Rio Tapajoz. Thanks
to the kindness of Dr. Charles W. Richmond, I have been enabled to examine the
type of D. /raterc'/liis Riigw.* and found it identical with Pani examples. On
the left bank of the Rio Tapajoz, however, f>. elei/a/is is met with, for Miss
Snethlage has lately obtained a specimen at Villa Braga (Journ. /. Oni. 19U8.
p. 508).
The range of D. elegans is thus as follows :
Right bank of the Rio Madeira: Calama, Allianca; Marnins, Rio Machados
(Hoffmanns); Engenho do Gama, Rio Gnapore (Natterer). Left bank of the
Rio Tapajoz : Villa Braga (Snethlage).
Although I expect that D. elegatis, I), juniana, D. spi.vii, and D. insignis
will prove to be geographical modifications of a single species, it would be unwise
to use trinomials until their relations are better understood. L>. pardalotiis
(Vieill.), from the Guianas, Orinoco region, and Rio Negro, appears also to belong
to this group.
[185. Dendrornis ocellata (Spix).
" Dendrocolaptes ocellatus (guttatus)" Spix, Ar. Brax. i. p. 88. tab. 91. fig. 1 (1824. — "in sylvis
Piauhy," errore ! cf. Hellmayr, Abkandl. Bayer. Ak: Wissensch. If. CI. xxii. 3. 1906. p. 634).
Dendrornis ocellata Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 45 (Borba).
Natterer obtained a good series near Borba, lower Rio Madeira. The
specimens are practically identical with Spix's type in the Munich Mnsenm.
Though agreeing in shape and colour of bill, I), ocellata undoubtedly is specifically
distinct from D. elegans and its allies. The uniform brown back, with hardly a
few, hair-like buff shaft-lines on the nape and adjoining portion of the upper mantle,
serves, together with other characters, to distinguish it at first sight.]
186. Dendrornis obsoleta multiguttata TLafr.).
\^Den4rn'olaptes ob^oletas Lichteostein, Ahhandl. .Head, Wis.^cti!<ch. B-rlin o. d. Jakren 1818-19.
p. 205 (1820.— Para ; cf. idem, /.-■. «. d. J. 1820-21. p. 265).]
Nasica miiltirjutkitns Lafresnaye, Rer. Mfiq. Zool. (2) ii. p. 417 (18.50. — " De Fontiboa, haut
Amazone et du Bresil") ; cf. Me'aegaux >& Hellmayr, .I/em. Sue. d'llisl. \itl. Anlun xijc.
p. 105 (crit.).
Demlroplex similis Pelieln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. pp. 46, 64 (1867. — Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapor^ ;
Borba, Rio Madeira ; Rio Negro).
Nos. 124, 278. ? ad., ? imm., Calama, 29. vi., 27. vii. 1907.— Wing 95,90 ;
tail 75 ; bill 25 mm.
" Iris dark brown, feet greyish brown, bill grey."
vSpecimens from the Rio Madeira (Calama, Borba) agree perfectly with the types
from Fonteboa. The original example of D. obsoletus said to be from " Para "
differs by the pale stripes on the mantle being not or very indistinctly bordered
with dusky. Until more specimens with definite localities come to hand it
cannot be said with certainty whether this character is of any value. Miss Snethlage t
has lately recorded D. obsoleta, from the Tapajoz and Tocantins Rivers, unfortunately
without any further comment.
* Dendrornis fraferndus Ridgwaj', Proc. U. S. Xat. Mas. x. 1887. p. 526 (1888.— Diamantina, near
Santarem).
t Journ. f. Orn. 1908. pp. 508, 5,S0.
( 327 )
187. Dendroplex picus kienerii (Des Mnrs).
[Orinhis Picus Gmelin, Si/st. Nat. 1. i. p. 381 (1788.— based on D'Auhenton, PI. enl. 605 :
Cajenne).]
Deiidrornis kienerii Des Mur.s in Castelaau's Voi/age, Oiseaux p. 45. pi. xiv. fig. 1 (1856. —Ega,
Rio Solimoens) : cf. Mene'^taux & Hellmayr, Mem. Soc. d'Hi.it. Nat. .iatifi xi.K. pp. 108-10).
Dmdrop!e,r picus Pelzein, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 46 (.Salto Theotonio, Borb.v) ; Hellmayr, Noc. Znol.
xiv. p. 366 (Borba).
Nos. 103, 286, 391. <?c? ad., Cilama, 2i. vi., 28. vii,, 14. viii. lODT.— Wiug
111—114; tail 100—104 ; bill 28-291 mm.
Nos. 388, 524, 722. ?? ad., Calama, 12. viii., 7. \x. 1907; S. Isabel, Rio
Preto, 19. ix. 1907.— Wing 97—103; tail «5i— 90 ; bill 27—29 mm.
" Iris brown, feet grey or green, bill grey or pale green."
These specimens, like others from Chiquitos (Eastern Bolivia), Mattogrosso,
and the Rio Pim'is, present larger dimensions than a series of skins from Cayenne,
Venezuela, Bahia, and Goyaz, and are much more rufesceut ou the lower parts.
Menegaux & Hellmayr (I.e.) have already called attention to these differences and
suggested the possibility of recognizing a race D. picus kienerii. Since then, I have
examined mnch additional material, and, although single specimens from the
interior of Brazil and Pern are sometimes hardly larger, I am now convinced that
kienerii is a fairly well-marked subspecies. The range of D. picus picus and its
ally is as follows : —
(a) D. picus picus (Gm.).
Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana, Venezuela (Orinoco Valley). North BrazU:
Rio Branco and Rio Negro (Barcellos). Eastern Brazil : from Marajo and Para
along the Amazons to Obidos and Monte Alegre, the left bank of the Tapajoz
(Itaitulia), south to Bahia and the sources of the Rio Araguay (Goyaz, Rio Thesouras,
Rio dos Piloeus, etc.).
Obs. Specimens from Barcello-, Obidos, Itaitiiba, and Goyaz are perfectly
similar to the topotypical Cayenne bird.
(h) D. picus kienerii (Des Mnrs).
('entral Brai;il, Mattogrosso : Cuyaba, Villa Maria (on the Rio Paraguay) ;
Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Sao Vicente, Rio Guapore (Natterer) ; Rio Madeira :
Salto Theotonio, Borba (Natterer), Calama, S. Isabel (Hoffmanns); Rio Pnrus :
Monte Verde * ; Rio Solimoens : Ega (Casteluau). Eastern Bolivia : Chiquicos
(D'Orbigny). Eastern Peru : Sarayacu, on the Ucayali (Casteluau), Pebas
(idem), etc.
Obs. The birds from Cuyaba and Villa Maria are extreme specimens of this
form, being large-sized and strongly suffused with rufesceut underneath. For
measurements see Mem. Soc. d'Bisf. Ji'af. Autun xix. pp. 109-10. It is well to
remark that the exceptionally small c? from Rio Guapore (wing 88^, tail 75 mm.)
is a very young bird, consequently of very little use.
188. Dendrexetastes rufigula subsp.
[Dendi'ocolaptea (Orthocolaptes) rufigtila Lesson, CEni-r. compl. Buffon (ed. Leveque), xx. p. 281
(1847.— Cayenne).]
No. 407. ? imm., Calama, 1*3 viii. 1907. "Iris yellowish brown, feet dark
grey, bill greyish green." — Wing 104; tail incomplete; bill 31 mm.
• Dp. liienerl Snethlage, Journ.f. Orn. 1908. p. 14,-^ Specimen examined.
( 328 )
This bird stands somewhat between D. r. rufigida, from the Guianas, etc., and
D. r. (leciUei, from Upper Amazonia. It agrees with the latter in the pale greyish
colonr of the bill, and in having the white markings below restricted to the fore-
neck ; however, the ground-colour of the lower parts is pale brown (not tinged with
ochraceous), the throat shows half-concealed white spots, and the hindneck as well
as the sides of the neck are streaked with white. lu all these points it resembles
D. r. i-iijiqtda, bat the white markings are narrower, and those on the hindneck
have no or scarcely any black lateral edges.
On the left bank of the Rio Madeira another form takes its place : —
[189. Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei (Lafr.).
Dendrocolaptes Devillei Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zonl. (-2) ii. p. 102 (1850.— Saraya9u, Eastern
Peru).
Dendrexetastes devillei Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1007. p. 366 (Humaytha).
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Humaytha (Hoffmanns), thence through
Western Brazil (Bom Lugar, Rio Puriis •) to Eastern and Northern Peru
(Saraya(,'n, Icjuitos, Samiria, etc.).]
[Having lately examined specimens of the three forms of Demlrexet'istes, I
think a few words about their distinguishing characters may be welcome to
ornithologists.
(a) L). rujiyula rufigula (Less.).
Syn. Dendroi:olaptes Temmiiickii Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) iii. p. 14.S. pi. iv. (March 1851.—
" Santa Fe de Bogota''— errore !).
Dendrexetastes capitoides Eyton, Contrib. to Ornith. 1851. p. 76 (autumn 1851.— no locality).
Hab. French Guiana : (Jayenne (I/esson, etc.), Ouanary (Geay) ; Surinam :
near Paramaribo (Chnnkoo; two sjjecimens in Tring Museum); British Guiana:
Mines District (two specimens in Tring Museum). North Brazil : Barra do Rio
Negro = Manaos (Natterer).
Characters. This form is characterized by having the foreneck and chest
thickly covered with large, oval, whitish spots, bordered by a very distinct black
line ; the chin only is uniform rusty buff, while the throat shows half-concealed
white shaft-streaks ; nape and sides of neck with consjjicuous, slightly jioiiited,
whitish stripes, more or less distinctly edged laterally with black ; ground-colour
of lower parts pale brown with a faint ochreous tinge. Upper mandible dark horn-
brown ; lower one yellowish grey, darker at base.
Obs. Specimens from British Guiana and Manaos are practically identical.
Two from Surinam differ by having slight dusky cross-lines in the middle of the
abdomen and on the under "tail-coverts. The sides of the head, including superciliary
and temporal regions, are uniform earthy brown in 7*. ;•. rufigxlrt, though in one
specimen each from Surinam and British Guiana a few narrow whitish lines are to
be noticed along the ujiper margin of the ear-coverts.
Wing. Tail. Bill.
!. c^ ad., Paramaribo .... ln(5 110 32 mm.
liDtn. ,, .... lull I (II) (moulting) 31 „
3,4. Adults, Mines District, British Guiana lOo, 109 108,112 30,32 „
5. tJ ad., Barra do Rio Negro (Natterer) . lO.J 114 damaged,,
• Snethlage, 7nKr« /. 0;«. 1908. p. H.
( 329 )
{h') D. rufigula paraensis Lorenz-Liburnau.
Deiidrexelastes paraensis Larenz-Liburnau, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch, Wieu xlv. p. 363(1895. —
Par^) ; idem, Ann. ffofmns. Wien xi. 189fi. pp. 1-4. pi. 1.
Hub. N.E. Brazil : Marco da Legoa near Pard (Princess Theresa of Bavaria).
Characters. Differs from D. r. rujigula by its stronger, stouter bill, slightly
darker back, duller, more earthy brown under parts, and especially by having a row
of distinct, though narrow, white streaks, laterally bordered with black, running
along the upper margin of the ear-coverts, from the sides of the neck to above
the eye.
1. Immature, Marco da Legoa, Para, T'/pe. Wing lu4 ; tail 100 ; bill 32 mm.
Obs. I am under great obligation to H.R.H. the Princess Therese of Bavaria
for the loan of the typical specimen.
('.') D. rufigula subsp.
Hab. North Brazil : ( 'alama, right bank of the Rio Madeira.
See above. More material is required to establish the status of this form ;
it would not be scieutitic to base a new name on a single Immature specimen.
(f/) D. rufigula decillei (Lafr.).
Hab. Eastern Peru : Saraya^u (Castelnau & Deville), Iquitos (Wliitely),
Samiria (Hauxwell). Western Brazil: Boai Lngir, Rio Purus (Snethlage) ;
Humaytha, Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns).
Characters. Differs from (a) and (i6) by lacking the white longitudinal streaks
on the nape and sides of the neck. Moreover, the throat is uniform ochreous,
without any trace of white stripes ; the foreneck only shows a number of narrow buff
shaft-lines ; the ground-colour of breast and abdomen is much more tinged with
ochraceous. The bill, too, is paler, the upper mandible being light yellowish grey,
like the lower one.
Wing. Tail. Bill.
1. (^ ad., Saraya^u, East Peru, 7y/)e o/ s/je«es, Paris Museum 108 112 32 mm.
2. S ad., Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Tring Museum . . . 105 109 32 „ ]
190. Hylexetastes uniformis Hellm.
Bi/lexetasirs uniformis Hellmayr, Re. Fram;. d'Ornith. i. No. 7. p. 100 (November 1909.— Calama,
Rio Madeira).
Xiphtirnlaptes Perrulii (nee D, ndrooilaples Perrotii Lafr.) Pelzeln. Ziir Orn. Bra.5. i. 1807. p. 43
(Borba).
No. 271. S vix ad., Calama, 2o. viii. 1907. "Iris yellowish brown, feet
greyish green, bill greyish red." — Wing 12f3 ; tail (slightly moulting) lH";
bill 34 mm. T'/pe of the species.
[No. 16013, Vienna Museum. S imm., Borba, 9. i. 1830 (Natterer coll.).—
Wing 125 ; tail 116 ; bill 38^ mm.
No. 16012, Vienna Museum. ? ad., Borba, April 1830.— Wing 127 ; tail 116 ;
bill 35 mm.
No. 16014, Vienna Museum, f juv., Borba, 27. vi. 1830.— Wing 126 ; tail
112; bill 32 mm.]
Adult. Pilenm clear rufescent brown ; back bright cinnamon-brown, decidedly
( 330 )
contrasted with colour of crown ; lower rump and upper tail-coverts chestnut.
Upper wing-coverts cinnamon-brown, somewhat paler and duller than the back, the
inner webs of the greater series more rufons ; remiges chestnut, the outermost
primaries narrowly edged with brownish. Tail uniform chestnut. A narrow rim
round the eye bare of feathers, only a few small plumules on the lower edge of the
eyelid. Sides of the head (viz. lores, cheeks, malar region, ear-coverts, and
superciliary region) dull grcyisii brown (ashy brown), the shafts of the auricular
feathers for the greater part whitish. Lower parts uuiform earthy brown with a
slight rufesceut tinge, more conspicuous on sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts.
Under wing-coverts dull orange, mixed with brownish towards the edge of the
wing ; broad margin to inner web of remiges orange-buff. Bill dark red.
The adult female obtained by Natterer agrees with the type Init for the slightly
more rufescent breast and abdomen.
Another, immature, male from Borba is even more strongly washed with
cinnamomeous on the lower parts ; the feathers of the occipnt and crown are
narrowly edged with buff, and the bill is longer as well as slenderer.
An evidently 3'oung female from Borba has the sides of the head more brownish,
and a shorter, darker bill.
This new species difl'ers from H. perrotii {haSr.)* in several important points.
The latter bird is larger (two Cayenne skins in the British Museum measure :
wing 135 — 140; tail 120 — 122 mm.) ; the anterior portion of the throat is buffy,
in conspicuous contrast to the brown chest, etc. ; the middle of the belly shows
more or less distinct dusky cross-lines ; furthermore, there is a well-defined dingy
white band running from the nasal plumes under the eye to the lower portion of the
auricular region.
H. perrotii has been described from Colombia. This locality, however, was
most probably erroneous, since the specimens in the British Museum, skins of
the unmistakable Cayenne make, agree perfectly with Lafresnaye's original
description.
H. unij'ormis is, as yet, only known from the right bank of the Rio Madeira,
and the four specimens described above are the only ones in European collections.!
101. Nasica longirostris (Vieill.).
Deitdmcopus longirostris Vieillot, Xom: DiLt.—x.x.vl p. 117 (18t>^.— ex Levaillant : " Br(58il").
Xaiica loiigirosliia Pelzeln, /.--. p. 44 (Salto Girao, Borba) ; Hellmayr, .V"i'. Zool. xiv. p. 367
Humaytha, Borba).
Nos. 88, 522, 725. SS ad., Calama, 21. vi., 7. ix., 23. x. 1907.— Wing 140—
147 ; tail 134—140 ; bill 68—78 mm.
Nos. 534, 583. ? ?, Jamarysinho, 10, 21. ix. 19u7.— Wing 134, 140 ; tail 128,
136; bill 70 mm.
No. 1050. 9 imm., Maruins, 28. vii. 1908.— Wing 135 ; tail 126 ; bill 70
" Iris light brown, feet grey, bill yellowish grey or pale grey."
This singular bird is widely distribnted in Amazonia and tiuiana.
mm.
• De?ulrocolapla Pt-rrotti Lahesnuyc, Rev. J^ol. vii. [>. 80 (1811.— " Culombie ") ; .Vai). Zool. lS-14.
Oiseaux, pi. 34 ; Ki:i\ Mar/. Zool. (2) ii. 1850. p. 101 ; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 141 (Cayenne).
t Though no species of I'icolaptcs has a.s yet been discovered in the Madeira Valley, one of the plain-
capped forms, P.fuicicavillus I'clz. or P. layarili Sd., is very likely to occur there.
( 331 )
[192. Campylorhamphus trochilirostris procurvoides fLafr.).
Xiphorhynchui^ prociirvokhs Lafresnaye, Rec. Mar/. Zool. (2) ii. p, 37(5 (1850. — Cayenne).
Xijihornis procurvoides Hellmayr, Niw. Zool. xiv. p. 367 (Borba).
X. trochilirostris (neo Licht.) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 44 (part. : Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).
Thanks to the courtesy of Dr. von Lorenz, I now have, in addition to the adult
female out of Mr. Hoffmann's first Madeira collection, three more specimens from
Borba (Natterer coll.) before me, and can state that the supposed differences noticed
by me I.e. have no real existence. Two of the skins show slight blackish edges to
the pale shaft-streaks on the foreneck and chest, bnt the third (Vienna Museum,
No. 15914, S ad., Borba, April 8, 1830) has no traces thereof, agreeing in this
respect with the series of C. t. procurvoides from Cayenne and British Guiana. The
olive tint of the lower plumage is not a constant character either, two of Natterer's
examples being even more strongly tinged with rufescent underneath than soms of
the Guianan ones. Moreover, in all principal p^ints, i.e. narrow buff shaft-lines on
the head, immaculate dark brown back, deep rufous wings and tail, etc., etc., the
Madeira birds are exactly similar to the latter.
The geographical variation of C. trochiliro&tri.i not having been well understood
hitherto, I thiok, a few words about the conclusions arrived at by studying a large
amount of material may be welcome to ornithologists. The following races appear
to be easily recognizable : —
(a) C. trochilirostris trochilirostris (Licht.).
Dendrocolapfes trochilirostris Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Atcad. Berlin a. d. Jahreii 1818-19. p. 207.
pi. iii. (1820. — "in Brasiliae provincia Bahia" ; of. I.e. 1820-21. p. 203).
Uab. Eastern Brazil : Bahia (Sellow, Robert, etc.).
Characters. Back " wood-brown '" or " cinnamon-brown " (Ridgw. Nomencl. iii.
figs. 19, 20), with sharply defined buffer whitish shaft-stripes (never margined with
blackish) ; crown and nape darker " wood-brown," marked with large, rounded,
buff stripes, surrounded by a narrow blackish brown edge at the tip ; rump, upper
tail-coverts, wings, and tail clear cinnamon-rufous. Throat white, the feathers of
the lower portion narrowly fringed with brown ; remainder of lower parts pale
" wood-" or "cinnamon-brown," covered with broad, whitish or buft' shaft-stripes,
laterally never edged with blackish ; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts uniform
immacnlate pale brown. Bill clear red.
Wing 93^10:.! ; tail 82—90 ; bill 58^64 mm.
Material. Twenty specimens from Bahia, only one of them (J ad., Lamarao,
Bahia, A. Robert coll., No. 1549) se.xed.
(b) C. trochilirostris venezuelensis (Chapm.).
Xiphorhynchus veneziielensis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.Y. ii. p. 156 (1889. ^Venezuela : types
Nos. 2246, 2247 Museum Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.).
Hub. Venezuela : Caicara, Altagracia, on the Orinoco River (Cherrie), Puerto
Cabello (Starke, Mus. H. v. Berlepsch), Caracas (Goering), etc. North Brazil : Rio
Amajau, tributary of the Rio Negro, below Barcellos (Natterer).* Colombia :
Reniedio.'f, Antioquia (Salmon); Bogota collections, etc. Panama: Lion Hill
Station (McLeannan ; fide Chapman).
* S. trochiliroBtris Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. p. 44. — Pelzeln also registers Marabitanas and Barra do
Rio Kegro, but these specimens are no longer to be found in the Vienna Museum.
92
90 68
99
94 —
90—90
80—90 64—73
90
83 62
( 332 )
Characters. This well-characterized form differs from the preceding one by its
longer bill ; more heavily as well as more regularly striped throat ; darker, nearly
blackish crown ; considerably darker, olive-brown ground-colour of the back and
lower parts ; and deeper, chestnnt-rufous wings and tail. Bill clear red.
Wing. Tail. Bill.
Three males from the Orinoco .... 99—102 88—92 70-76 mm.
One imm. female from the Orinoco
One adult from Remedies ....
Five adnlts from Bogota ....
One young male from Rio Amajaii
Obs. Colombian birds agree well with those from Venezuela, e.xcept that the
brown of the under j)arts is, as a rule, slightly darker, and the rufous of wings and
tail rather deeper. These trifling ditferences, however, should be confirmed by a
larger series. Panama specimens I have not seen, but according to Mr. Chapman
they are referable to the present race. The single young bird from the Rio Amajaii
is much more rufous brown on the lower parts than any other specimen in hand,
though in other respecl^s it agrees perfectly with teneznclensis. Its bill is
apparently nut full-grown.
(c) C. trochilii-oslris procurtoides (Lafr.).
Hab. French Guiana : Cayenne (Lafr.), Ipousin, Rio Appronague (Cherrie).
British Guiana : Bartica Grove, Camacnsa, River Carimang (Whitely), Mazaruui
River (Qnelch), etc. North Brazil : Borba, Rio Madeira (Natterer, Hoii'manns).
Chnracters. Above deep " raw umber " (Ridgw. iii. 14), crown and nape with
very narrow, buff shaft-lines or small elongated spots ; back either wholly
immaculate or with a few hair-like, buff lines on the uppermost portion ; rufous of
rump, wings, and tail even deeper than iu venezuelensis. Throat strongly varied
with deep brown : remainder of lower parts dark raw umber ; foreneck and breast
with narrow, buff shaft-streaks, not or slightly edged laterally with dusky. Bill
considerably darker red than in («) and {h).
One female, Ipousin, Cayenne
Four adults, British Guiana ....
One adult male, Borba
Two adult females, Borba ....
One young male, Borba ....
Obs. This strongly characterized race cannot be confused with any other.
Its deep brown coloration, with the pale markings much restricted, and the dark
red bill distinguish it at a glance. Judging from the variation shown by the series
from British Guiana, 1 should say that A', dorsoimmaculatus Chapm.* is not
separable from C. t. prorurvoides.
(d) ('. troc/ii/iro.stris tboracicus (Scl.).
Xiphorhywhuf thornrinis Sclater, Pror. Zi.nJ. S<r: Lo.xL 1860. p. 277 (1R60.— Babahoyo, S.W.
Ecuador).
Hab. Western Ecuador: Babahoyo, Esmeralda (Fraser), Chimbo (Siemiradzki),
Yaguachi (Stolzmann), S. Javier, Paramba, Pambilar (Miketta k. Flemming).
N.W. Peru : Lechugal (Jelski).
' JiuU. .\mer. Mux. X. Y. ii. p. I.i9 (lh«ii. -Cayenne !).
Wing.
Tail.
Bill.
91
84
60 mm.
92—94
88
61—64 „
92
84
61
02, 94
86,92
60,62 „
88
84
52
( 333 )
Characters. In general coloi'atiou not unlike C. t. venezuelensis, of Colombia,
etc., but easily recognizable by the buff shaft-streaks of the crown, mantle, foreneck,
and breast being laterally very distinctly edged with blackish.
Wing. Tail. Bill.
Three adult males from W. Ecuador . . . 100—102 9.3—99 68—72 mm.
Three females from W. Ecuador . . . 92—95 87—92 65—68 „
(e) C. trocliiliro^tris lafri'snat/anu.i (D'Orb.).
Vemlrocolaples lafresnai/aiiux D'Orbigny, ]'nyage, Oiseaii.c p. 368. pi. 53. fig "2 (^1847. — "Nous I'avons
rencontrt'e dans les ilea du rio Paran;l, prfes de Goya, au 29' degre de latitude. Nous I'avons
retrouvt^e ensuite dans la province de Chiquilos (Yio\W\e) . . . ."—The latter locality fixed as
t. typica.*
Xijihorlii/iicliKS rn/n-tlorsnlis Chapman, Bui/. A:uer. Miis. iV. ¥. ii. p. ItJO (1889. — Corumbii, S.W.
Mattogrosso).
Hab. E. Bolivia : C'hiquitos (D'Orbigny). Western Mattogrosso : Cuyaba
(Natterer), Cornraba (Smitli, Borelli), Urncum, (Jarandasinho (Borelli t). Argentine,
Parana : Goya (D'Orbigny), Ocampo (VenturiJ.
Characters. Nearest to C. t. trochilirostris, but easily recognizable by its larger
size, much longer bill, and different coloration. The back is rich ferraginous, of
nearly the same colour as the rump and tail, and the under parts are bright tawny
ochraceons. The light markings above and .below are arranged in a similar way
to those of C. t. trochilirostris. Bill of the same clear red.
Three adult males from Cnyaba .
Three adult females from Cuyaba,
One adult (the type) from Chiqnitos
Two yonng males from East Bolivia
Three males from Ocam230, Argentine .
Two females from Ocampo .
Obs. Mr. Chapman separated a single unsexed specimen from Corumba
(Mattogrosso), on account of its larger size and fulvous coloar of the longitudinal
markings, from the Bolivian lafresnayamis. With six skins from Mattogrosso
(rufodorsalis) and three of the latter before me, I fail to see the slightest difference
between the two series. The former are certainly not larger, as is evident from the
table of measurements given above, and the cohjur of the pale markings on the
head and under parts is subject to seasonal variation. This is well illustrated by
the Cuyaba series : in a freshly moulted adult female (June 13) they are bright buff,
while two specimens in worn plumage have them nearly whitish. On the other
hand, the examples from Ocampo have decidedly longer bills, though in coloration
they are not different.]
[193. Deconychura stictolaema (Pelz.).
SUiasomiis slktolaeinus Pelzeln, Zur Oni. Bras:, i. p. 59 (1867. — Borba) ; of. Hellmayr, Xof. Zool.
xiv. p. 368 (crit.).
Eight bank : Borba (Natterer).
The type of this very distin(-t species still remains unique in the Vienna
Museum. About its affinities see ray remarks /.c]
* The marked type in the Pa d Museum is from Chiquitos.
t Salvadori, Soil. Mus. Torino xv. No. 378. 1900. p. 8.
Wing.
Tail.
Bill.
108-112
9.5—105
75 — 78 mm,
103—107
90—95
73—80 „
112
95
73
102, 110
84, 921
64
111—118
102—105
95—100 „
102, 106
95, 96
84, 95 „
in:
in:
',': mm.
111
113
21 „
1114
102
26i „
\n-2
lOfi
24 „
( 334)
lf*4. Deconychura loug:icauda (Pelz).
Dendrocincla iongicaiiilu Pelzeln, Zur On,. Bins. i. p. 60 (1867.— Borba ; Marabitanas and Barra,
Rio Negro).
Deconi/rhura loiigicauda Hellmayr, Xnr. Zo.,l. xiv. pp. .367, 368 (Borba).
No. 102. ¥ atl., Talama, 3. vii. I'.m:. "Iris dark bniwii, feet bhiisli black,
bill black, below greyish." — Wing 9: ; tail 94 ; bill 23i mm.
Slightly smaller than Pelzeln's original examples in the Vienna Mnseam, but
perfectly similar in coloration. The latter measure as foUow.s : —
Wing. Tail. Bill.
1. No. 15907. cJ ad., Borba, December 29, 1829. Type
of .species ........
2. No. 1590(3. 3 ad., Barra, May (!, 1833 .
3. No. 15904. (S ad., Marabitanas, Febrnary 28, 1831 .
4. No. 15905. ad., Barra. May 4, 1833 .
[195. Deudrocincla fuliginosa (V'ieill.).
Demlnicopiis fulit/innisus Vieillot, Noue. Dtrl. xxvi. p. 117 (1818. — ex Levaillant : Cayenne); cf
Me'negaux & Hellmayr, Mem. Sue. iJ'Hist. Nat. Auluii xix. 1906. p. 119 (crit.).
Dendrnciacia fumiijnia Pelzeln, l.r. p. 42 (Borba).
D. fiiUginosa Hellmayr, yoc. Zuol. xiv. p. 368 (Humaytha).
Hnmaytha (Hoffmanns), Borba (Natterer).
I have e.xamined Natterer's two skins from Borba, and fonnd them to agree
with others from (^'ayenne (cf Nov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 280). Mr. Oberholser*
gives the range of D. fidigiiwsa as : " Lower Amazonia, south to Bahia, north
to British Gniana " ; bnt I suppose " Bahia " is a pen-slip for Para, thi.s being
the most southerly established locality on the Brazilian east coast. I have seen
specimens from the following localities : Cayenne, French Guiana (the type in the
Paris Museum ; a second e.xample in Vienna) ; Roraima, R. Rnpuuuni (H, Wbitely ;
Mus. Berlepsch and Tring); Manaos (Natterer) ; Diamantina, Tapaj6z (topotype of
D. rufo-olhacea Ridg.w. : U.S. Mus. Wash.); Pard (Natterer, Wallace, Steere,
Robert, etc.); Borba (Natterer); Humaytha (Hoffmanns). There is considerable
individual variation in the series, but I am unable to make out any geographical
races.]
196. Dendrocincla menila (Licht.).
Dendrucolaptes .yenila Lichtenstein, Ahhandl. Akarl. Berlin a. d. Jahreii 1818-19. p. 208 (1820.—
Cayenne : Mus. Berlin).
Dendi-neim-la inerida Pelzeln, l.r. p. 42 (Borba, Salto Theotonio) ; Hellmayr, Xov. Zool. xiv. p. 369
(Humaytha).
Nos. 290, 303. d' ad., d" imm., Calama, 29, 30. vii. 190:.— Wing 104 ; tail
87, 89 ; bill 26 mm.
Nos. 63, 233. ? ? ad., Calama, 17. vi., 15. vii. 19o:.— Wing 99, 100 ; tail 82 ;
bill 24 mm.
" Iris grey or greyish brown, feet plumbeous, bill black, below grey."
The three adult birds have the lower mandible e.xcept the toraiae pale yellow,
while in the immature male it is mainly dusky. Tiie Calama series is decidedly
larger and darker than a single uusexed Cayenne specimen (S. Laurent-du-Maroni,
Le Monlt coll., Munich Museum). However, several examples from Fard, Caara,
• Proc. Acad. ifat. Sci. PliUad. 1904. p. 453.
( 335 )
etc., agree in the small size with the latter, and the intensity of coloration is subject
to much individual variation (cf. Xov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 281).
IK merula is easily distinguishable among its affines by its dark general
coloration, by the large whitish patch on the throat, and especially by having the
median and greater wiiig-coverts chestniit-rnfons like the remiges. It is widely
distributed in Amazonia, being found in Cayenne, British Guiaua, on tiie Orinoco
and its tributary the Gaura, on the Rio Negro, on the Araa^.ons and its affluents
from Para to the Ucayali.*
197. Dendrocolaptes hoflfmannsi Hellm.
Detidrocolaples linffmannsi Hellmayr, Bull. B. 0. C. xxiii. p. GG (1909. — C'alama, Allianoa : Rio
Madeira).
No. 128. cJ ad., C'alama, 29. vi. 1907. "Iris brown, feet plnmbeons, bill
grey." — Wing 140 ; tail 120 ; bill 37 mm. T'/pe of species.
No. 234. ? ad., C'alama, 15. vii. 1907. "Iris light grey, feet and bill grey." —
Wing 141 ; tail 132 ; bill 35 mm.
No. 763. ¥ juv., AUianca, 8. .xi. 1907. " Iris brown, feet dark grey, bill
black."-Wing 132 ; tail 114 ; bill 36 mm.
(? ad. Top of the head dull rufescent brown, each feather with a hair-like bntf
shaft-line, and a very distinct, blackish apical margin ; crown and occiput strongly
tinged with cinnamomeous ; nape and upper back uniform rufescent brown, most
of the feathers with a hair-like buff shaft-line ; rump and upper tail-coverts deep
cinnamon-rnfons. Upper wing-coverts uniform brown like the back, those of the
greater series tinged with rufous on the inner web. Remiges deep cinnamon-
rufons, the outer primaries dusky at the tip and slightly edged with olivaceous
along outer web. Rectrices deep cinnamon-rufous, with the shafts nearly blackish.
Lores grey, with pale shaft-lines. Cheeks, auricular and temporal regions buff,
the feathers edged with brown or blackish ; above the eye a narrow line of buff
spots, edged with dark brown ; sides of the neck dull olive-brown, narrowly streaked
with buflf. CJhiu dingy greyish buff; throat and foreneck dull olive-brown,
each feather with a very distinct (about 1 mm. wide) longitudinal streak of buff,
bordered laterally by au irregular dusky line, or by a number of rather indistinct
dusky dots ; remainder of lower parts dull ochreous brown, each feather crossed
by three very distinct, though narrow, dusky lines. Axillaries, under wing-coverts,
and edge of the wing orange-buff, regularly barred with dusky. Bill : upper
mandible blackish, lower one horn-colour, dingy yellowish at the base.
The female differs by having fewer or no pale shaft-lines on the upper back,
and by the markings of the throat and foreneck being less clearly defined. The
young bird is rather more reddish on the back and more ochreous on the belly than
the adults.
This new species belongs undoubtedly to the group of B. pallescens Pelz.f
and D. playosus Sal v. & Godm. J ; it is, however, quite distinct from either of them.
With the former it agrees notably in the uniform (not cross-banded) back and
upper wing-coverts, as well as in the pattern of the pileum, etc. ; but D. pallescens
has no cinnamomeous tinge about the head, the blackish apical edges are much
less conspicuous and nearly obsolete on the hind-crown, while the much broader
* Saraya(,'u, Castelnau cull, in Paris Museum.
t Z-uT Oi-n. Bras. i. pp. 43, 61 (1867.— E-itira and Engenho do (iama. Western Mattogrosso).
X Ibis 18«3. p. 210 (Camacusa, Brit. Guiana).
( 330 )
bnff shaft-lines of the throat and fnreneck extend also over the chest, etc. More-
over, the bill is somewhat fliitter, less compressed terminally, and paler iu colour,
being mostly horny whitish. I>. playosy.i shares with D. Iiojfmaniisi the shape
and colour of the bill, liut dift'ers widely in coloration. The pilenra is clear olive-
brown with broad, bntfisli shaft-stripes, which are, laterally and terminally,
bordered with blackish ; the back, lesser and median wing-coverts show more or
less distinct dnsky cross-lines ; the bnff throat-feathers have, on each side, several
marginal s])ots of dnsky ; finally, the chest, breast, and abdomen are much more
broadly and more regularly banded with blackish.
[I'.iS. Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor Pel7,.
{Picus Certhl.i BodJaei-t, Tabl. PI. enl. p. 38 ( 17K3.— based on D'Aubenton, PI. enl. (',21; " Le
Picucule, de Cayenne ").]
Demlrocolaptex cunculvr Pelzeln, Ziir Orii. Bra<. i. pp. 43, 6ii (1867. — Villa Bella de Matogroaso ;
Salto do Girao and Borba).
Rio Madeira : Salto do Girao, Borba (Natterer). Not obtained by Mr.
Hoffmanns.
The typical series, kindly lent by Dr. von Lorenz, differ from a very large suite
of D. c. certhia, from North Brazil, Cayenne, Guiana, and Venezuela, by lacking
the dnsky cross-bands on the back and upper wing-coverts ; the under parts are
nearly uniform ochreons lirown, with but a few obsolete cross-lines in the middle
of the abdomen ; the feathers of the pileum pale olive-brown, indistinctly edged
with dusky at the tip, while in D. c. certliid they are alternately banded with
olive-brown and blackish. The bill is dark red, as in I), r. certhia.
On the Tapajoz a nearly allied form, T). c. ridyicaiji Hellm.,* is met with.
It has lately been rediscovered at Villa Braga and Itaitnba, on the left bank of
that river. t]
109. Cymbilanius lineatus lineatus (Leach).
La/iiun linealun Leach, Znolo;/. Mhc. i. pi, vi. p. 2il (1814. — Berbice, British Quiaaa).
Cymbiluiiiits iiiifatus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. p. 74 (Borba).
C. I. lineatus Hellmajr, Nuc. Zuiil xiv. p. 3G8 (Humaytha, Paraiso, Borba).
Nos. 3;il, 3ii7. ii ad., Calama, 5, In. viii. 1907.— Wing 73, 74; tail 68, 70;
bill 22 mm.
No. 794. J ad., AUianca, 19. xi. 19U7.— Wing 75 ; tail 7U ; bill 22 mm.
No. 765. ? ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 19U7.— Wing 76 ; tail 69 ; bill 22 mm.
" Iris red, feet plumbeous or blackish, bill black, below grey."
Identical with Cayenne skins. Distributed all over the great Amazonian
forest region from Cayenne and Guiana to the eastern slopes of the Andes. In
N.W. Ecuador, Western Colombia, aud southern Central America it is replaced by
a closely allied race, C. lineatus fasciatus Ridgw.
201 1. Thamnophilus major borbae Pelz.
[Thamiiophilus major Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. iii. p. 313 (1816.— ex Azara : Paraguay).]
Thamnophilus borbae Pelzeln, Zur Oni. Bras. ii. p. 140 (1868.— Borba).
T. major borbae Hellmayr, Xuv. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 369 (Humaytha, Borba).
No. 395. <? ad., Calama, 15. viii. 1907.— Wing 90 ; tail 72 ; bill 2U mm.
No. 539. 3 ad., Jamarysinho, 12. ix. 1907.— Wing 93 ; tail 77 ; bill 25 mm.
• .\or. Zool. xii. p. 282 (1905. — Diamantina. Santarem).
•f D. cmicolvr ridgivatii Snethlage, Jourii..f. Orn. 1908. p. 509.
( 337 )
Nos. 743, 793, 538. ¥ ?, Calama, 1. xi. 1907 ; AUianca, 19. xi. 19u7 ; Jamary-
ginho, 12. ix. 1907.— Wing 87—92 ; tail 71—74 ; bill 24—2.5 mm.
" Iris red, feet plumbeous, bill black."
The males have rather more white in the tail than a series from Borba and
Hnmaytha, the two (in No. 395 the three) outer rectrices of each side showing a
distinct white apical margin and several white spots or bands on their inner web.
They form the transition to T. m. semifasciatus (Cab.), in which, however, the
white marliings are more numerous (about eight to ten on each featlier) and much
more regular. A specimen from Itaitiiba, left bank of the Tapajoz (cf Nov. Zool.
xiv. p. 16), is intermediate between semifasciatus (from Parii, Guiana, etc.) and the
examples from the Rio Machados.
T. m. barbae inhabits both banks of the Rio Madeira, but is not known to
occur elsewhere.
[201. Thamnophilus nigrocinereus tschudii Pelz.
Thamnophilus tscliiitlii Pelzaln, Ziir Oni. Bras. ii. p. 141 (1868. — Borba, Rio Madeira).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). Not obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns.
Occurs also on the Peruvian Amazons (Ljuitos, Nauta), whence I have seen
specimens in the British Museum and in Count Berlepsch's collection.
T. nigrocinereuSj T. cinereoniger, T. huberi, and T. tschudii are mere
geographical representatives of the same type, hence more properly designated by
trinomials. The last-named form is slightly more dift'ereutiated than the three
others, yet gnfiScient evidence of intergradation is furnished by a series of adult
males as shown below. In the following lines a condensed review of the dis-
tinguishing characters, together with the principal synonymy and a short account
of the range of the four races, is given, which, it is hoped, may aid naturalists in the
determination of these scarce birds.
(a) 7. nigrocinereus nigrocinereus Scl.
Thamnopliilus nigruciiiereun SclsiteT, Proc. Zool. Sue. Lund, xxiii. 1855. p. 19. pi. Ixxxi (1855. —
Pari) ; Sclatcr & Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867. p. 575 (Rio Tocaotins, Mexiana) ; Sclater, Cat. BinU
Brit. Mas. xv. p. 194 (Lower Amizons) ; Hagcaann, Znolug. Jahrh., .ibt. Syst., etr. xxvi. 1907.
p. 33 (Mexiana) ; Snethlage, Juurti. f. Urn. 1907. p- 283 (Mexiana, Marajd, Para).
T. cinereuniger (errore ' nee Pelz.) Saethlage, Joiirn. f. Orn. 1907. p. 283 (Marajo, Monte
Alegre).
Hab. N.E. Brazil : Para (Snethlage, etc.), Rio Tocantins (Wallace), Mexiana
(Wallace, Hagmann), Marajo (Snethlage), Monte Alegre (Snethlage).
<S ad. Pileuni, mantle, sides of head, throat, and foreneck sooty black, the
pilenm somewhat glossy ; feathers of upper back largely white at base, some of
them with slaty margins ; lower back and rump slate-grey, abruptly contrasted
with black of mantle ; U])per tail-coverts black with narrow white apical edges ;
upper wing-coverts black, each feather with a distinct white apical margin.
Remiges and rectrices black, narrowly edged with white, the former exteriorly, the
latter at the tip. Breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts clear slate-grey.
Wing 78—82 ; tail 58—02 mm.
? ad. Pileum dull sooty blackish, most of the feathers indistinctly edged with
slate-grey; back pale rufescent olive-brown; feathers of upper back extensively
white at base ; wing-coverts dusky with cinnamon-brown mai'gins ; remiges
and rectrices dusky, slightly edged with rufescent brown, the outer tail-feathers
22
( 338 )
sometimes with a narrow, rusty buif apical margin. Lores, cheeks, and ear-coverts
dull dark shite-grey. Lower parts clear ferruginous, throat palest, foreneck and
breast darkest, flanks tinged with brownish.
Wing 77—80 ; tail 60—64 mm.
Obs. Miss Snethlage (Lr. pp. 283-4) records both T. nigrocinei-eu.t and
T. cinereoniger from Maraju (S. Natal) and Monte Alegre, under the erroneous
supposition that the specimens without the white mark on the outer web of the
external rectrix represent the former " si)ecies." At my request, the learned lady
sent me some of these examples. I found that the presence or absence of the
white spot was a j)urely individual character, and that all skins from Lower
Amazonia (except those obtained on the Tapajoz) were unijuestionably referable to
nigrocinereus, having the head all round, foreneck and mantle black, etc.
{b) T. nigrociiwreus Imberi Snethlage.
Thiimnnphiliisluiberi Snethlage, Orn. Moiiber. xv. p. lOl (liiOT— Ilha de Ooyana, Rio Tapajdz) ;
eadem, Jouru.f. Orn. Iil08. p. .109 (Goyana).
T. cinereoniger (nee Pelzeln) Pelzeln, Zirr Orn. Brat. ii. 18GH. p. Vij (part. : Tapajdz).
T, nigrocinereus (nee Sclater) Chapman & Riker, Anh- 1891. p. 28 (Santarem).
Hab. Lower Amazonia, Rio Tapajoz : Santarem (Natterer, Smith), Ilha de
Goyana (Snethlagej.
6 ad. Agrees with the preceding form in having the top and sides of the head
as well as the mantle black, the latter conspicuously contrasted with the slate-grey
of the rump, but the throat is slate-grey like the rest of the under surface, and the
under tail-coverts are broadly tipped with white.
Type : wing 82 ; tail 67 mm.
¥ ad. Differs from T. n. nigrocinereus by its darker, deep sooty black, slightly
glossy pileum, deeper grey sides of the head, and by having the edges to the upper
wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices much darker rufous brown.
Wing 78i— 80 ; tail 62— (i4 mm.
Obs. The female type of T. Imberi is consideralily darker cinnamon-rufous
below than either T. ii. nigrocinereus or T. n. cinereoniger, but a second specimen
from the Tapajoz (coll. Natterer) does not differ in that respect from its allies.
Otherwise it is practically identical with the Goyana female. I am greatly indebted
to Miss Snethlage for the loan of the typical examples.
{c) T. nigrocinereus cinereoniger Pelz.
Thamnophilux cinereoniger Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 76, 143 (1868. — near Airao, Marabitanas,
Rio Vaupe, R. Amajai'i : Rio Negro); Berlepsch & Hartert, Nor. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 09
(Mumluapo, Maipures, Altagracia : Upper Orinoco, Venezuela).
Flab. N.W. Brazil, Kio Negro district: Airao, Marabitanas, Rio Vaup^,
Rio Amajau (Natterer). Venezuela, Upper Orinoco : Munduapo, Maipures,
Altagracia (tJherrie).
<S ad. DiflFers from the preceding races by having the cap decidedly dniler
blackish ; the mantle mainly sooty grey, clouded with dusky ; the sides of the head
dark grey (not blackish); the lower parts of a clearer slate-grey. Under tail-coverts
tipped with white as in 7\ u. kuberi.
Wing 78—81 ; tail 60—04 mm.
? ad. Agrees with T. n. nigrocinereus in the colour of the top and sides
( 339 )
of the head, but the back is darker rafescent] brown, and wings and tail are
more like T. n. kuberi, though the coloration of these parts is rather variable.
Wing 75—80 ; tail 58—63 mm.
Obs. Specimens from the Orinoco (fonrteen examined) agree perfectly with the
typical series in the Vienna Mnsenm.
{(1) T. nigrocinereus tschuclii Pelz.
Tluimmphilus tsehmlii Pelzeln, /.c. pp. 76, 141 (1868.— Borba, Bio Madeira); Sclater, Cat. Birds
Brit. Afus. XV. p. 191 (Borba ; Iquitos, N. Peru).
Hub. North Brazil : Borba, Rio Madeira (Natterer). North Pern : Iquitos
(H. Whitely), Nauta (Hauxwellj.
c? ad. Differs from all the preceding races by having the whole back from the
forehead to the rump uniform black. White dorsal patch, wings and tail as in its
allies. The coloration of the under parts is rather variable, as shown by a series
from Borba in the Vienna Museum. Two have the throat only black, the rest of
the belly slate-grey, e.xactly as in T. ii. nigrocinereus, though the abdomen is slightly
darker ; in two others throat and foreneck are black, breast and abdomen sooty
blackish, while the fifth specimen has all the lower surface uniform deep black.
Wing 79—82 ; tail 62—65 mm.
? ad. Cap deep sooty black as in T. n. hnberi, but the sides of the head and
the throat are sooty blackish, the breast and abdomen dark rufous brown, wino-s
and tail considerably darker, and the back is chestnut-brown.
Wing 75—77 ; tail 59—60 mm.
Obs. An adult male from Nauta (Hauxwell coll., September 9, 1880; Mus.
H. V. Berlepsch) agrees well with those from Borba.]
[202. Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus Pelz.
Cf. Nur. Znol. xiv. 1907. p. 369 (Humaytha).
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).]
203. Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger Pelz.
\ThammiMHs aethiops Solater, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. xxvi. 1858. p. 65 (1858.- Rio Napo, Eastern
Ecuador).]
T. puiictidiger Pelzeln, Zur Oni. Bras. ii. p. 146 (1868.— Borba, Eio Madeira).
No. 346. S ad., Calama, 7. viii. 1907.— Wing 76; tail 61 ; bill 19 mm.
Nos. 106, 289, 333, 455. ? ?, Calama, 25. vi., 29. vii., 5, 26. viii. 10(i7.— Wing
72—76 ; tail .56—61 ; bill 18—19 mm.
No. 792. ? ad., Allianca, 19. xi. 1907.— Wing 75 ; tail 58 ; bill 19 mm.
No. 964. ¥ ad., Maruius, 30. vi. 1908.— Wing 73J ; tail 59 ; bill 18 mm.
The adult male is identical with Pelzeln's type in the Vienna Museum. Both
have a distinct, concealed, white interscapular patch, and the lesser and luedian
ui)per wing-coverts conspicuously tipped with white, while those of the greater series
are either uniform dusky or show but slight traces of apical spots.
The females, the first on record, are very similar to those of T. a. polionotus,
but the sides of the head as well as the throat are rather lighter ferrngiuous, and
the belly is somewhat paler. Some come very near T. a. incertus, while the
one from Maruius, the darkest of all, is scarcely distinguishable from polionotus.
T. aethiops, T. juruanus, T. polionotus, T. punctuliger, and T. incertus are
( 340)
evidently geographical races of the same " Formenkreis." The males differ from
eacli other only in intensity of coloration and in the amount of white spotting, and
the females are even less different.
Their ranges and characters may be summarized as follows : —
(a) T. aethiops aetliiops Scl.
Thaniiiophilus aethiops Sclater, P. Z. S. £o»kI xxvi. p. C5 (1858. — Rio Napo, Ea<tern Ecuador);
I.e. p. 457 (Zamora) : Cat. Birds Brit. Mas. xr. p. 190 (Eastern Ecuador) ; Salvador! & Feata,
Boll. Miis. Torino xiv. No. 362. 1899. p. 27 (Zamora) ; Goodfellow, Ibis 1902. p. G4 (Coca, Rio
Napo).
Ha6. Eastern Ecuador : Coca, Upper Napo (Goodfellow), Saraya?a (Bnckley),
Zamora (Fraser, Festa).
cJ ad. Deep black with slight gloss ; bend and edge of the wing and nnder
wing-coverts speckled with white.
Wing 74 ; tail 60 mm.
? ad. Upper parts deep chestnnt-brovvn ; rectrices blackish edged with deep
chestnut. Sides of head like the back, under parts somewhat lighter chestnut.
Axillaries orange, quill-lining pale rufous buff.
Wing 74 — 76 ; tail 60 — 64 mm.
(b) T. aethiops polionotua Pelz.
T. poUonoUis PeUelo, Zur Oni. Bras. ii. p. 147 (1868. — Marabitanas, Barcellos, Rio Negro).
T. tri^tis Sclater & Salvia, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop.p. 160(1873. — Oyapoc, Cayenne) ; Hellmayr, Xov-
Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 338 (orit.).
T. sp. iiic. Berlepsch & Hartert, Nor. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 69 (La Pricion, Nicare, Venezuela).
Hab. Venezuela : Nicare, La Pricion, Ganra River. French Guiana : Oyapoc.
North Brazil : Marabitanas, Barcellos, on the Rio Negro (Natterer), Hnmaytha, left
bank of Madeira (Hoffmanns).
c? ad. General colour plumbeous, cap blackish ; bend of the wing spotted with
white, all the upper wing-coverts with well-defined white apical spots.
Wing 73—76 ; tail 59—61 mm.
¥ ad. General colour paler, more rufous brown than in T. a. aethiops, and tail
also rufous brown (instead of blackish).
Wing 72 — 75; tail 58—64 mm.
Obs. For synonymy cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. pp. 338-9. The male from Humaytha
is slightly paler plumbeous than those from Marabitanas, Oyapoc, and Caura, but
does not otherwise differ.
(c) T. aethiops jitruanus Ihering.
Tliumitojihilus jitrimuiii Iheriag, Rev. Mas. Paul. vi. I'JOt. p. 439. pi. xvi. fig. 1 (1905. — Rio Juru4) ;
Snethlage, Jouni.f. Orn. 1908. p. 15 (Monte Verde, Rio Puriis).
Hab. West Brazil : Rio Jnrnil (Garbe) ; Monte Verde, on the River Puriia
(Snethlage).
S ad. Exactly like the jireceding form, but median and greater wing-coverts
uniform blackish (not tipped with white), and general coloration rather clearer
plumbeous.
Wing 75—79 ; tail 61—63 mm.
?. Unknown.
Obs. T. a. jitruanus has, like T. a. polionotus, the cap blackish, small white
( 341 )
spots on the lesser wing-coverts, and the bend of the wing speckled with white, m
addition to the two typical specimens, I have examined an adnlt male obtained on
the Rio Piiriis and belonging to the Museu Goeldi, Para.
((l) T. aethiops ptcnctuliger Pelz.
Thamnophilus punduUijer Pelzeln, Ziu- Orn. Bras. ii. p. U6 (1868. — Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov.
Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 339 (crit.) ; Snethlage, Jourii.f. Orn. 1908. p. 509 (Villa Braga).
Hab. North Brazil : Borba (Natterer), Calama, Allianca, Maruins (Hoffmanns),
right bank of the Rio Madeira ; Villa Braga, left bank of the R. Tapajoz
(Snethlage).
i ad. Agrees with T. a. jurmnus in the clear plumbeous general coloration
and blackish cap, but the median (as well as lesser) wing-coverts have white apical
spots, and there is a distinct white interscapular patch.
Wing 76, 77; tail 60, 61 mm.
? ad. Very similar to T. a. polionotus, but averaging lighter.
Wing 72 — 76; tail 66 — 61 (see above).
(e) T. aethiops incertus Pelz.
ThatiiHojjhibis incertus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 149 (1868. — Para), descr, orig. J ; Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 367 (Praia, Para).
Dysilhamnm incertus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 284 (crit, ; Igarape-Assil, Pari).
Thamnophilus simplec Sclater, Ihis 1873. p. .'587. pi. 15, descr. orig. ^ J (Pari) ; Sclater & Salvin,
P.Z.S. Loud. 1878. p. 139 (Vigia, Pani) ; Snethlage, .Tourn. f. Orn. 1907. p. 283 (Par^,
S. Antonio do Prata, Resacca [Rio Capim], Sta. Maria de S. Sliquel [Rio Guama] ).
T. polionotus? Snethlage, Journ.f. Orn. 1907. p. 284 (Para, Rio Capim).
Hab. N.E. Brazil, Para District : Pari (Layard, Natterer, etc.), Vigia (Steere),
S. Antonio do Prata = IgarapS-Assu (Robert, Hoffmanns, iSnetlilage), Resacca, on
the R. Capim (Suothlage), Sta. Maria de S. Minuel, on the Rio Guama (Snethlage).
c? ad. DiflFers from the preceding races by its lighter, slate-grey coloration,
and by lacking the blackish cap and the white apical spots to the upper wing-
coverts, only the bend of the wing being freckled with white. Wings and tail are
shorter.
Wing 68—73 ; tail 55—60 mm.
? ad. Differs from T. a. polionotus and T. a. ptiitctidiyer by having the back
paler rufous brown, the sides of the head and throat clearer ferruginous, and the
belly of a paler tint, varying from ochraceous to fulvous.
Wing 66 — 71 ; tail 55 — 61 mm.
Obs. I have examined the two females named T. polionotus ^ by Miss Snethlage
and found them identical with Pelzeln's type.
204. Thamnophilus amazonicus Scl.
Thamnophilus amazonicus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Sue. Loud. xxvi. 1858. p. 214. pi. 139. figs. 1, 2 (1858. —
■'Upper Amazons") ; Pelzeln, I.e. p. 77 (Borba, Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; Engenho do
Gama, Rio Guaporo) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. x\\. p. 370 (Borba).
No. 656. f? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 9. x. 1007.— Wing 72; tail 62; bill
17| mm.
No. 620. ? ad., S. Isabel, 4. x. 1907.— Wing 68; tail 58 mm.
Nos. 244, 513. ? ? ad., Calama, 19. vii., 5. ix. 1907.— Wing 69 ; tail 59, 56J ;
bill 16i, 17 mm.
( 342 )
No. 911. ? ad., Marnins, 7. vi. 1908.— Wing 68; tail 57J -. bill ITi mm.
" Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill black."
Agreeing well with examples from Para aud Maranhfio. T. amazonicus and
T. cinereiceps Pelz.,* from the Upper Orinoco and Rio Negro, are so very nearly
allied (the females differ merely in size) that one would naturally expect them to be
geographical representatives, but both are said to occur in French Guiana.f All the
examples I have examined from this country were, however, clearly referable to
T. amazonicus, and the record of T. cinereiceps appears to be open to doubt.
205. Thamnophilus doliatus subradiatus Berl.
l^Lanius <io/««/KS Linnaeus, iltis. Adotphi Frid. II. Prodrnm. p. 12 (17tj4. — loc. iga. ; we substitute
Surinam).']
ThamiophilKi stibralintiis Bsriepsch, Jouni.f. Orn. 1887. p. 17 (Upper Amazinia : the typeinMus.
H. V. B. is from Iquitos, N.E. Peru).
T. doliatus subradidti-i Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 370 (Humaytha).
No. 430. S ad., Calama, 19. viii. 1907.— Wing 74 ; tail 65 ; bill 19 mm.
No. 820. S juv., Marmellos, 17. xii. 1907.
Nos. 621, 670. ? ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 4, 16. x. 1907.— Wing 71, 74 ;
tail 58, 60 ; bill 18^, 19 mm.
"Iris yellowish white or pale yellow, feet light plumbeous, bill black (:?),
dark grey ( ? )."
This form ranges from Northern Peru through Western Brazil to the Rio
Madeira, where it is found on both sides.
206. Dysithamnus schistaceus schistaceus (D'Orb.).
Thamnophilus schistaceus D'Orbigny, ]'vi/a!je, (Jisauu: p. 17U (1838. — Yuracares, Bolivia) ; Pelzeln,
Zur Oni. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 77 (.Salto do Girao, Borba).
Dysithamnus s. schistaceus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p 370 (Humaytha, Borba).
D. capitalis (nee Sclater) Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 510 (Villa Braga, Tapajdz — $ , examined
by me).
Nos. 22, 41, .52, 199. SS ad., Calama, 11, 14, 16. vi., 10. vii. 1907.— Wing
62— 65; tail 51—54 ; bill 16—17 mm.
No. 353. c? imm., Calama, 8. viii. 1907. — Wing 63 ; tail 55 ; bill 17 mm.
Nos. 634, 714. ^S ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 7, 17. x. 1907.— Wing 65, 62;
tail 54, 50 ; bill 17 mm.
No. 871. 6 ad., Marmellos, 26. xii. 1907.— Wing 63; tail 50 ; bill 17 mm.
No. 633. ? ad., S. Isabel, 7. x. 1907.— Wmg 64 ; tail 54 ; bill 16^ mm.
No. 10.53. ? ad,, Maruins, Machados, 22. vii. 1908.— Wing 65 ; tail 55 ; bill
17 mm.
" Iris red, feet plumbeous, bill black, below grey."
The series agrees with specimens from the Rio Puriis and Tapajoz. Some of
the adult males are uniform cinereous below, others have the middle of the belly
variegated with whitish. In most of them the pileum is uniform slate-grey ; bnt
two specimens (Nos. 22, 52) approach the newly described />. capitalis sgi/amosus
Suethl.,J from the left bank of the Toi;antius, in having the feathers of the cap
distinctly centred with black, though to a lesser degree than in the type kindly lent
by Miss Snethlage. This form is, of course, more nearly related to D. s. schistaceus
• Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 145 (1868. — Marabitanas and Rio Uaup^, Rio Negro).
t Ct. ('at. Birds Brit. Mul. xv. pp. 193, 201.
X Ornith. Monatster. xv. Oct. 1907, p. 1G2 (Alcoba5a, left bank of Tocantins).
(343 )
than to D. s. capitalis, and shonkl be called D. srhisfaceus squamosns Snethl. if
really distinct. The female is not distinguishable from sckistaceus. See also
Not). Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 61-3, where a review of these birds is given.
A nest containing two eggs was taken at S. Isabel, together with the parent
bird (No. 633), on October 7, 1907. It is a small, loose strnctnre of dry leaves,
roots, and stems of various plants, without a particularly soft lining, fastened on
a forked branch like an oriole's nest {Oriolus galhida). The eggs, which resemble
those of the Red-backed Shrike (Lanias collurio), are creamy white, mottled and
blotched with chocolate and underlying pale lavender, the chocolate markings being
crowded around the thicker end. The eggs measure 21 x 1.5, 20 x loi mm.
[207. Dysithamnus murinus (Scl. & Salv.).
Thamnophilus murinus (Natterer MS.) Solater & Salvia, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1867. p. 756 (1867. —
Cayenne ; Marabitanas and Birra do Rio Negro ; Xeberos. — We accept Barva do Rio Negro
as typical locality).
Dysithaniiiis murinus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xir. p. 371 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).]
208. Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus (Pelz.).
[Dysithamnus ardesiacus Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1867. p. 756 (1867. — based on
T. seliistacciis (nee D'Orbigny) Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858. pp. 66, 222.— Rio Napo, Eastern
Ecuador).]
Thamnophilus salurninus Pelzeln, Zur Orii. Bras. ii. p. 147 (1868. — Borha fixed as typ. habitat ;
cf. Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool. Bol. Ges. Wien liii. 1903. p. 216).
D. a. saturninus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 371 (Borba).
Nos. 51, 370. SS vix ad., Calama, 16. vi., 11. viii. 1007.— Wing 72, 76 ; tail
57, 59 ; bill 17, IS mm.
No. 984. 6 vix ad., Maruins, 9. vii. 1908.— Wing 73 ; tail 55 ; bill 1 7 mm.
No. 786. S juv., AUianca, 14. xi. 1907.— Wing 74 ; tail 58 ; bill 17^ mm.
Nos. 279, 356. ? S, Calama, 27. vii., 8. viii. 1907,— Wing 77, 79; tail 57, 63;
bill 19 mm.
" Iris brown or grey, feet plumbeous (black), bill black." »
The males have the throat and middle of the foreneck deep black. The outer
rectrices are conspicuously edged with white at the tip. Some have scarcely more
white at the base of the interscapular feathers than examples from British Guiana,
Veneznela, etc., but average slightly larger with longer tail. Cf. my remarks in jXar.
Zool. xiv. p. 371, and in Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Gesellsck. Wien liii. 1903. pp. 216-7.
209. Thamnomanes caesius persimilis Hellm.
\_Muscicaiia caesia Temminck, Eec. PI. col. livr. 3. tab. 17. fig.^ 1, 2 (October 1820.— South-East
Brazil ; cf. Nov. Zool. xii. p. 285).]
Thamnomanes caesius persimilis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 61 (1907.— Teffe, Rio Solimoes) ; idem,
I.e. p. 371 (Humaytha).
T. caesius (uec Temminck), Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 80 (Salto do Girao) ; Ihering,
Revisl. Mas. Paulist. vi. 1905. p. 410 (Rio Juruii).
T. caesius ylaucus (nee Cabanis) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 17 (Itaituba, Rio Tapajdz-
¥ , e.xamined by me).
T. caesius hoffuiannsi (nee Hellmayr) Snethlage, Jouru. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 510 (Bella Vista, Villa
Braga : RioTapajoz) ; eadem, I.e. p. 531 (Arumatheua, R. Tooantins).
Nos. 193, 301. Si ad., CSalama, 8. vii., 9. viii. 1907. " Iris brown or greyish
brown, feet and bill black."— Wing 74, 71 ; tail 64, 65; bill 16^, 17 mm.
( 344 )
No. 1071. ? ad., Calama, 10. i.\. 1008. "Iris brown.'"— Wing 72 ; tail 63;
bill 17 mm.
No. 1049. tS ad., Maniins, Machados, 22. vii. 1908. " Iris brown." — Wing 70 ;
tail 61 ; bill 16 mm.
Tbe males agree in every way with those from Teffe and Humaytha. All have
the under wing-coverts and the qiiill-lining broadly white ; in none is there any
white at the base of the interscapular feathers. The female differs slightly from
Venezuelan specimens of T. c. glaucus by having the throat rather browner and
mi.xed with deep baff, and the under mandible brown instead of whitish. Breast
and abdomen, too, are a shade deeper ferruginous. Like T. c. glaucus, it has a
large concealed white dorsal patch.
I have examined the specimens from Salto do Girao (Mus. Vindob.) and Rio
Jiirua (Mus. Paulista) — in both cases males only were obtained — and found them
to belong to persimilis. Miss Snethlage informs me (in litt.) that the bird recorded
s.n. T. c. hojfmanniii {tide supra) likewise turns out to be peisiinilis.
The range of T. c. persimilis is therefore as follows :
North Brazil : Teffe, Rio Solimoes (Hoffmanns); Rio Madeira: Salto do Girao
(Natterer), Hnmaytha, Calama, Maruins, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns); Rio Jurua
(Garbe); R. Tapajoz, left bank : Itaituba (Hoffmanns), Villa Braga (Snethlage) ;
right bank : Bella Vista (Snethlage) ; Arumatheua, left hank of the R. Tocantins
(Snethlage).*
210. Pygiptila margaritata (Scl.).
Myrmei-hn mnrgaritala Sclater, Pm: Zool. Soc. Loud. xxii. 1S.54. p. 2.53. pi. l-'cxi. (April 1855. —
Chamicuros, Eastern Peru).
Nos. 96, 248, 328. SS ad., S vix ad., Calama, 23. vi., 22. vii., 2. viii. 1907.—
Wing 73, 70; tail 48, 49; bill 16— 17^ mm. "Iris dirty white, feet light
plumbeons, bill black, below greyish blue."
Nos. 97, 345, 362, 368. ? ?, Calama, 23. vi., 7, 10, 11. viii. 1907.— Wing
67—69; tail 45—47 ; bill 16J— 17J mm. "Iris dirty white, feet light plumbeous,
bill black, below grey."
The specimens differ from topotypical Peruvian examples by their rather
shorter, broader bill. The males have, too, the under wing-coverts uniform dark
grey, not mixed with white, and the females are decidedly paler rufescent brown
on the back. These trifling differences are, however, not likely to be constant.
P. mnrgaritata is for the first time recorded from the Madeira district.
Previously it was only known from Eastern Peru, where Bartlett and Hauxwell
had obtained specimens at Xeberos and Chamicuros, and from Marabitanas, on the
upper Rio Negro, whence Natterer sent a series to the Vienna Museum.
211. Pygiptila stellaris (Spix).
Thammphilus stHlaria Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 27. pi. xxxvi. fi?. 2, descr. orig. J (1825. — Pari).
T. maculipennis Sclater, Edht. New Phdos. Jourii. (new ser.) i. p. 247 (1855.— '• Quixos in Cisandean
Ecuador and Peruvian Amazons ").
Pygiptila macuUpennii Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 79 (Salto do Girao, Borba).
Nos. 359, 372. 6 <S vix ad., Calama, 9, 11. viii. 1907.— Wing 79, 76; tail
39J, 41 ; bill 18i, 21 mm.
Nos. 93, 213, 36U, 371, 419. ? ? ad. et imm., Calama, 22. vi., 12. vii., 9, 11,
18. viii. 1907.— Wing 74—76 ; tail 38—40; bill 19— 20i mm.
» Specimens from the Upper PuriS* are, however, referable to a new form, related to T. c glauem Cab.
( 345 )
Identical with Peruvian and Venezuelan (Canra) specimens.
P. stellaris ranges all over the great Amazonian forest region, from Surinam,
Cayenne, and Para to the eastern slopes of the Andes in Eenador and Pern.
Notwithstanding this wide area I cannot make out any local races.
212. Myrmotherula pygmaea (Gm.).
Mascicapa pygmma Gmelin, Syst. Xal. 1 ii, p. 933 (1789. — ex D'Aubeaton, PI. enl. 831. fig. 2 :
Cayenne).
Myrmothn-ula pygmtea Pelzeln, l.i: p. 80 (Guaiaragua9U, Rio Matnore) ; Hellmxyr, Nov. Zool. xiv.
p. 382 (Borba, Humaytha).
No. 844. S imm., Mai-mello>, 21. vii. lUUT.— Wing \1 ; tail 19 ; bill 13 mm.
Nos. ::, 293. ? ad., (<?) imm., C'alama, 10. vi., 29. vii. 1907.— Wing 40, 44 :
tail 18, 21 ; bill 13, 15 mm.
" Iris brown, feet light green or pale plumbeous, bill black, below grey."
Within Brazilian limits M. pyijmaea does not seem to have been met with
east of the Madeira basin, although, in the north of the South American continent,
it ranges as far as French Guiana. The Mnnich Musenm possesses a large series
from Cayenne, Venezuela (Caura Valley), Eastern Ecuador (Napo), and Bogota.
213. Myrmotherula surinamensis multostriata Scl.
\SiUa surinamensis Gmelin, Sysl. Nat. I. i. p. 442 (1788.— based oq " Surinam Nuthatch," Latham,
Gen. SijH. Birds 1 ii. p. 654. pi. 28 (= ? ) : Surinam).]
Myrmotherula nmltostrlata Sclater, Pro: Znol. Soc. Land. xxvi. 1858. p. 234. pi. cxli. figs. 2 ((J),
3 ( $ ) (1858.— Ucayali, East Peru).
JI. suritmrmnsis multostriata Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 382 (Humaytha).
No. 165. S ad., Calama, 5. vii. 1907.— Wing 51 ; tail 26 ; bill 13 mm.
No. 847. S ad., Marmellos, 22. xii. 1907.— Wing 48 ; tail 24 ; bill 13 mm.
No. 838. i imm., Marmellos, 21. xii. 1907.— Wing 48; tail 27; bill 13 mm.
No. 164. ? ad., Calama, 4. vii. 1907.— Wing 49 ; tail 23 ; bill 13 mm.
No. 532. ¥ ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 10. ix. 1907. — Wing 49 ; tail 24 ;
bill 13i mm.
No. 837. ? ad., Marmellos, 21. xii. 1907.— Wing 48; tail 25 ; bill (damaged)
■ — mm.
" Iris brown, feet plnmbeous, bill black, below grey."
This series is typical of multostriata. The females have the sides of the head
paler or deeper buff with dusky streaks (not uniform clear cinnamon-rufous as in
surinamensis), the under parts marked with very distinct, though narrow, blackish
sbaft-stripes on a creamy white ground, and the foreneck as well as the breast
washed with buff. The middle of the abdomen alone is creamy white, without
streaks. Two of the females have the whole pileum, almost to the base of the
bill, striped with black, while in that from Calama the anterior portion is uniform
ferrnginous as in surinrtmensis, but of a lighter hue. Birds from Para and the
Rio Tapajoz, for which I am indebted to Miss Snethlage, are likewise referable
to miiUostriata.
The synonymy and range of M. s. multostriata are as follows : —
Myrmotherula multostriata Sclater, Prnc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1858. p. 234. pi. cxli. figs, 2, 3 (Ucayali,
East Peru) ; Sclater & Salvin, I.e. 18156. p. 185 (Upper Ucayali) : iidem, l.r. 1873. p. 274 (Upper
Ucayali, Santa Cruz, Eastern Peru) ; Sclater, Cat. Ainer. Birds 1862. p. 179 (Upper Amazon —
Bates, erroneously registered as type).
( 346 )
M. surinameasis (errore !) Ihering, Revisf. Mus. Paul. vi. 1904, p. 440 (1905.— Rio Jurua) ; Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 368 (Prata, Pari); Saethlage, /owrn. /. Oniith. 1907. p. 284 (Pari,
Our^m ; biol.) ; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. 1890. p. 231 (part. : specimens w — ;,
b<—tl').
M. s. miiltnslriala Menegaux & Hellmayr, Bull. Son. Philnmat. Paris 1906. p. 48 (Pebas, Nauta,
North Peru ; crit.) ; Hellmayr, .Vol-. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 68 (Tefff!) ; /.<•. p. 382 (Humaytha) ;
Snethlage, Journ. /. Orniih. 1908. p. 510 (Isle of Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z) ; eadem, (.'•. p. 531
(Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins).
Hab. Easteru Peru : Ucayali, Santa Cruz (Bartlett), Pebas, Nauta (Castelnau
k Deville), Samiria (Hau.Kwell). Brazilian Amazonia: Teffe, Rio Solimoeos
(Hoffmanns) ; Rio Jnru.i (Garbe) ; Humaytha, Marmellos, left bank, Calama,
Jamarysinho, right bank of the Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns) ; Isle of Goyana, Rio
Tapajoz (Snethlage) ; Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins (Snethlage). District of Para:
Prata (Hoffmanns), Para, Ourem on the Rio Guama (Snethlage).
Examined. — British Museum: (1) c^ ad. (specimen "w" of Sclater's list),
Santa Cruz (Bartlett) ; (2) c? ad. (x), Ucayali, ti/pe of M. multostriata (Hauxwell) ;
(3) c? ad. (.j). Upper Ucayali (Bartlett); (4) ? (y), Ucayali (Hauxwell), ti/pe of
M. multostriata ; (5, 6) ? ? {h\ f'), Upper Ucayali (Bartlett) ; (7) ? (r/'). Upper
Amazon (Bates). Tring Museum : (8) ? ad., Samiria (Hauxwell) ; (9) 6 ad.,
Prata, Para (Hoffmanns) ; (10) <? ad., Humaytha; (11) ? ad., Teffe (Hoffmanns) ;
(12 — 17), the above series from the Rio Madeira. Paris Museum: (18—22) S S ad.,
? ? ? , Pebas, Nauta (Castelnau & Deville). Munich Museum : (23, 24) i ? ad..
Isle of Goyana, Tapajoz (Snethlage).
M. s. 77iuUostnata is, of course, quite distinct from M. longicauda Bed. &
Stolzm.,* the latter being a near ally of M. cherriei Berl. & Hart.f
214. Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli (Scl.).
Formidvom hauxwelli Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. xxv. 1857. p. 131. tab. li'rt. fig. 2 (1857.—
Eastern Peru).
Myrmotherula Hauxwelli Pelzein, I.e. p. 81 (Engenho do Cap. Gama, Salto do Girao).
M. hauxwelli hauxwelli Hellmayr, Xor. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 383 (Humaytha).
Nos. 120, 336. (?(?ad., Calama, 28. vi., 5. viii. 1907.— Wing 53, 61; tail
26, 23 mm.
No. 832. S ad., Marmellos, 19. xii. 1007.— Wing 53 ; tail 23 mm.
Nos. 1008, 1024, 1028. S <S ad., c? vi.K ad,, Maruins, R. Machados, 12, 16, 17.
vii. 1908.— Wing 51—52 ; tail 23—24 mm.
No. 197. ? ad., Calama, 10. vii. 1907.— Wing 50 ; tail 24 mm.
Nos. 945, 950. ? ? ad., Maruins, R. Machados, 26, 28. vi. 190^.— Wing 60
51 ; tail 22, 23 mm.
" Iris brown, feet plumbeous or blackish, bill black, below grey."
All have a distinct white dorsal patch, agreeing in this as well as in other
respects with examples from Eastern Ecuador.
215. Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma (Pelz.).
Formieivora leucophthalma Pelzein, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 83, 155 (1868.— Salto do Girao, Rio
Madeira) ; Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zoil. Bot. Gesellsch. Wieit liii. 1903. p. 213 (crit.).
[Mus. Vindob., No. 15308. ? imra., Salto do Girao, October 8, 1829 (Natterer
coll.). Ti/pe of species.— \Nmg 52 ; tail 43* ; bill 14| mm.]
« Ibis 1891. p. 391 (Central Peru).
t Nor. Zool. ix. p. 72 (1902.— Perico, Orinoco Eiver).
( 347 )
No. 947. ? ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 27. vi. 1908. " Iris yellow, feet grey,
bill black."— Wing 54 ; tail 4.5 ; bill 14 mm.
The type is an immature bird, while the specimen sent by Mr. Hoffmanns is
perfectly adult. It differs from the former in having the upper parts duller and
less rufescent brown ; the upper tail-coverts brown like the back (instead of
cinnamon-rufoas) ; the tail duller, rufescent brown, less cinnamon ; the edges to
the remiges more olive-brown, less reddish ; and the belly decidedly paler
ochraceous. Moreover, the median and greater wing-coverts are deeper black, with
the large apical spots better defined, as well as of a clearer ochraceous buff. These
trifling differences are, no doubt, due to age.
As pointed out by me (I.e.), M. leucophtkalma is very nearly related to
M. sororia Berl. & Stolzm.,* so closely indeed that the latter will have to be
considered as only subspecifically distinct. The females of both forms agree in
having the median and greater wing-coverts black with large rounded spots of
ochraceous buff, while, in the allied M. gutturalis Scl. & Salv.,t from British
Guiana and Cayenne, they are light russet-brown with minute apical dots of buff.
However, M. Uvirnphthalma may be distinguished from M. sororia by the deeper
colour of the under parts, deeper ochraceous bufl' apical spots to the wing-coverts,
and by its rufescent brown or cinnamomeous (instead of dark brown) tail.
An adult male from Bom Lugar, Rio Purus, J with the thi'oat black spotted
with white, differs in the same way — viz. decidedly rufescent brown tail — from a
male of M. sororia (Mus. H. v. Berlepsch ; Rio Tigre, N.E. Peru, J. Hau.xwell
coll.). Besides, the back is conspicuously lighter brown, the outer aspect of the
wings less rufescent, and the cinereous of the breast paler. In both skins the apical
spots to the wing-coverts are buff, whereas in the male of M. (/uttiiralis the much
smaller spots are pure white. The Purus bird undoubtedly represents the hitherto
unknown male sex of M. leucophthalmi. I have also e.xamined the i ad. from
Marajo mentioned by Miss Snethlage, noticing several small differences, which,
however, must be confirmed by additional specimens before attempting any
separation.
I think it useful to .append a condensed review which may help naturalists in
the determination of these difficult birds.
(«) M. leucophtkalma leucopkthabna (Pelz.).
Tijpe local it 1/ : Sal to do Girao, Rio Bladeira.
Hab. Brazilian Amazonia : Macujubim, Island of Marajo (Hagmann — S in
Mus. Paraense) ; Arumatheua, Tocantins (Snethlage) ; Rio Madeira : Salto do
Girao (Natterer), Marnins, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns) ; Bom Lugar, Rio Funis
(c? in Mus. Paraense).
S ad. Upper parts pale olive-brown, tail light rufescent brown ; lesser upper
wing-coverts greyish olive, dusky at base ; median and greater series black with
large, rounded apical spots of deep buff: wings exteriorly edged with rufescent
olive-brown. Throat black with large, wedge-shaped white spots ; cheeks, malar
region, foreneck, and breast pale cinereous ; lower abdomem, sides, and under tail-
coverts pale olive-brown.
• Ibin 1S94. p. .S96 (La Gloria, La Mercetl, Central Peru).
t Ibis 188L p. 269 (Bartica Grove, British GuiaDa).
X M. guilvralis leucopMhalvia (sic I) Snethlage, Joiini.f. Orn. 1908. p. 15.
( 348 )
(? ad., Bom Lngar, Pnn'is, IS. vii. 1003.— Wing 52 ; tail 40 ; bill lU mm.
? ad. Differs from the male in liaviug the lower parts (includiug throat)
ochraceons, the sides of the head buff, and the apical spots to the wing-coverts
deeper, ochraceons bnff.
(6) M. leur.ophthalma sororia Berl. & Stolzm.
Tt/pe locality : La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Central Peru.
Hah. Central Peru : La Gloria, La Merced (Kaliuowski). North Peru :
Huambo (Stolzmann), Rio Tigr^ (Hanxwell).
i ad. (Mus. H. v. Berlepsch, Rio Tigre, coll. by John Hauxwell). Upper parts
dark olive-brown, some of the feathers in the middle of the upper back with rufous
brown edges ; tail dusky ; lesser upper wing-coverts blackish with minute whitish
apical dots ; median and greater series black with larger, deep buff apical spots, as
in ^1/. /. lewophtkalna. Under parts as in the last-named form, but breast slightly
clearer grey.
Wing 5(1 ; tail 39; bill 14 mm.
? ad. Like M. leucophthalma, but tail dusky with brownish edges ; under
parts and apical sjiots of upper wing-coverts clearer ochraceous ; outer webs of
remiges deeper russet-brown ; back darker olive-brown, etc.
Wing 63 ; tail 41 ; Inll 15 mm.
(r) M. spodionota Scl. & Salv., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. lis^O. p. 159.
Ti/pe localitij : Sarayapn, Eastern Ecuador.
Hab. Only known from type locality.
c? vix ad. (7}//>g o/.'/icc/*;*', Brit. Museum). Differs from M. I. leucophthalma
and M. I. sororia in having the back, except the olive-brown n])per tail-coverts,
slate-grey, the large apical spots to the wing-coverts white, and the breast much
darker grey. Tail and outer margins of remiges dark rnfescent brown as in
M. I. leucophthalma.
Wing 55 ; tail 3T ; bill 15 mm.
?. Unknown.
N.B. This imperfectly known form is most probably a geographical race of
M. leucophthalma.
(d) M. gu.tturalis Scl. & Salv.
Type locality : Bartica Grove, British Guiana.
Hab. British Guiana : Bartica Grove, Merume Mts., Rio Atapurow, Camacusa,
Quonja (Whitely). ('ayenne : Ipousin, Rio Appronague (Cherrie).
Ad. Differs from the jireceding species by having the upper wing-coverts light
olive-brown with minute white apical dots.
In the males the cinereous colour beneath is restricted to the chest, the rest of
the lower parts being pale olive-brown. The throat is black, spotted with white.
AVing 60—52 ; tail 40—44 ; bill 14— 15 mm.
As in the allied species, the female has the lower parts uniform ochraceous with
the flanks, etc., brownish.
Wing 50—52 ; tail 37-42 mm.
( 349 )
216. Myrmotherula ornata hoffmanusi Hellm.
[Formicivora ornata Sclater, Rfe. May. Zool. (2) y. p. 480 (1853.— Nova Grenada).]
M. a. hoffmaiiuxi Helhnayr, Bull. Brit. Oni. CI. xvi. p. 84 (April 1906.— Itaiti'iba. left bank of the
Rio Tapajoz) ; Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 22.
M. ornata (not of Sclater) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 81 (Salto Theotonio, Ribeirao, Rio
Madeira).
Nos. 79, 379. ?? ad., Calaraa, 10. vi., 11. viii. 1907.— Wing 51, 53; tail
34, 35 ; bill 14 mm.
" Iris brown, feet pliuubeoas, liill blackish grey."
These examples agree with the type in all essential points, especially in having
the apical spots to the wing-coverts deep buff (pare wliite in M. o. ornata) and the
throat deep ochraceous (not black spotted with white), bnt differ slightly by the
rather brighter ochraceous colour of the breast and abdomen. This, however, is not
likely to be a constant character. Both specimens have very little ferrnginous
admixture in the middle of the back, while in the female of M. o. ornata the entire
back (except pileum and nape) is bright chestnut-rafous. Another difference is to
found in the colour of the axillaries and under wing-coverts, which are pure white in
M. 0. ornata, bright buff in M. o. Iiojfmanngi.
Dr. von Lorenz has very kindly sent for my examination the two males obtained
on the Rio Madeira by the late Dr. Natterer. They agree well with the type and
belong undoubtedly to M. o. hoffmannsi. The latter form has recently been met
with by Miss Snethlage on the banks of the Tapaj6z and Tocantins Rivers.*
217. Myrmotherula haematonota (Scl.).
Fortiiiclrora haematonota Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. xxv. 1857. p. 48 (June 1857. — Chamicuros,
Eastern Peru).
Mijrmothernia hwm'ilonola Pelzeln, l.r. p. 81 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 384
(Borba, Humaytha).
Nos. 171, 243, 253, 288. S <S ad. and vix ad., Calama, (5, 19, 22, 29. vii. 1907.
" Iris yellow or pale brown, feet dark grey or plumbeous, bill black." — Wing
50—53 ; tail 36—42 ; bill 13^-14 mm.
These specimens, adults with the back and rnmp deep ferruginous, agree
perfectly with a series from the Caura Valley, Venezuela. The male obtained
near Borba, by Natterer, is immature, having the tips to the upper wing-coverts
deep buff, and but a limited space in the middle of the back dark ferruginoas.
About the identity of ^1/. haematonota and M. pyrrhonota cf my remarks in
Not. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 70.
Miss Snethlage has lately recorded M. haematonota from Villa Braga, left bank
of the Rio Tapajuz.t
218. Myrmotherula axillaris axillaris (Vieill.)
Myrmothera axillaris Vieillot, .Void'. Dirt. xii. p. 113 (1817. — " la Gujane'').
Myrmotherula axillaris Pelzeln, / c. p. 82 (Borba, Matogrosso, Engenho do Gama, S. Vicente, etc.) ;
Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 383 (Humaytha, Borba).
No. 935. c? ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 21. vi. 1908. " Iris dark brown, feet
plumbeous, bill black." — Wing 53; tail 38 ; bill 13 mm.
Identical with Cayenne examples.
• Joiim.f. Oritith. 190». pp. 511, 532. t Jourri.f. Uniitk. 1908. p. 511.
( 350 )
219. Myrmotherula longipennis Pelz. (snbsp. ?).
3/yrmolherula longijieiniis Pelzein, Zvr Orn. Bias. ii. p. 153 (1868. — Marabitanas, Rio Negro) ;
Hellmayr, Xni; Zuul xiv. p. 38.3 (Borba).
No. 1011. cJ ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 13. vii. 190S. "Iris black, feet
idnmbeons, bill black." — Wing 50 ; tail 29 ; bill 13 mm.
No. 936. ? ad., Marnins, 21. vi. ]9as. " Iris dark brown, feet plnmbeons, bill
black, below greyish." — Wing 57; tail 33; bill 13 mm.
The adnlt male agrees in coloration with onr series from Cayenne, Venezuela
(Caura), etc., bnt has mnch shorter wings and tail than any other specimen I have
seen. Thongh the cinereons colour of the belly is rather ]ialer than in the majority
of Cayenne and Venezuelan skins, one from the Caura Valley matches it exactly.
There is no trace of the white qnill-liiiing more or less conspicnous in all other
examples examined.
The female also differs from six others (Cayenne, Caura) by its slightly
shorter tail, much less distinct dingy whitish quill-lining, and olive-brown (instead
of bright russet or cinnamon-brown) edges to the remiges.
An adnlt male from Borba, obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns on his first expedition
in 1906, however, is fnlly as large as those from more northern localities (wing 63 ;
tail 36 mm.).
A much larger series than at present available is required to make out the
geographical races of ^f. lonqipennis.
[220. Myrmotherula garbei Ihering (f).
Cf. Hellmnyr, Nov. Zuol. xiv. p. 383.
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Humaytha (Hoft'manns).
The same form has been recorded from Villa Braga, left bank of the Tapaj6z,
by Miss Suethlage.* I am still in doubt as to its proper specific appellation.]
221. Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi Hellm.
Nos. 72, 922. cJcJ ad., Calama, 18. vi. 19U7, 0. viii. 19U8.— Wing 52, 53; tail
28,29; bill 13i mm.
No. 208. ? ad., Calama, 12. vii. 1907.— Wing 54 ; tail 29 ; bill 13 mm.
No. 1041. ? ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 21. vii. 1908.— Wing 53 ; tail 26 ;
bill 14 mm.
" Iris greyish brown or brown, feet plumbeous, bill black."
The males agree perfectly with the type of M. herlepschi, most obligingly lent
by Dr. Lorenz, of Vienna. The four specimens differ from Af. m. menetriesii t
merely by the clearer grey of the plumage, the under parts being decidedly lighter,
less bluish, the cheeks and malar region more whitish grey, and the back likewise
paler. The difference in the markings of the rectrices alluded to in the original
description of M. berlepschi does not hold good. The females of the two forms are,
however, much more different. That of M. m. berlepschi may readily be distinguished
by having the upper wing-coverts mainly bright cinnamon-brown (instead of dull
"rev with indistinct bnfly olive edges), the outer web of the remiges cinnamon
• Journ.f. Ortt. 1908. p. 511.
t I had the two original specimens o£ M. boUviana Beil. from San Mateo, N. Bolifia, and a series
from Teff§ (cf. Aov. Zool. xiv. p. 69) for comparison.
( 351 )
(instead of olive-grey)i and the rectrices warm brown edged with rufescent (not
uniform olive-grey). Pilenm and back are, fnrthermore, more or less brightly
cinnamon-brown (instead of olive-grey or brownish olive), and the under parts
deeper ochraceons. The female from Marnins agrees very closely with Natterer's
hen birds, while the one from Calama is less rufescent on the back and tail,
pointing towards M. m. menetriesii, from which it can, however, easily be told by
the colonr of the upper wing-coverts, etc.
The synonymy and range of the two races may be summarized as follows : —
(a) Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii (D'Orb.).
Mijrinothera Meiielriesii D'Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux p. 184 [(18.38. — Cocfaabamba, Yuracar^s,
Bolivia), descr. ^ ad., type in Paris Museum e.xamined].
Myrmotherula menetriesii M^negaux & Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Philomnt. Paris (9) viii. 190G. p. 51
(Yuracares [type] ; N.E. Peru) ; Hellmayr, A'oc. Zoo!, xiv. 1907. p. t>9 (crit. ; Tefle) ;
Snethlage, Juum. f. (Jruitli. Ivi. 1908. p. 16 (Bom Lugar, Monte Verde, Ponto Alegre :
Rio Purfc).
M. Miriana Berlepiich, Journ.f. Ornith. xlix. p. 90(1901. — San Mateo, N. Bolivia), descr. ^J $ ; cf.
Hellmayr, Verhindl. Zo-A.Bot. Geo. Wien liii. 1903. p. 210 (crit ).
M. brevicaiula juruiiua Ihering, Reoisl. Mus. Panlixt. vi. 1904. p. 440 (1905. — Rio Jurui, Brazil) ;
cf. Hellmayr, Nur. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 70.
M. Imigipeunis Sclater, Cut. Birth Brit. Mas. xv. p. 241 (part. : specimens p and q : Rio Javarri,
and Chamicuros, East Peru).
Hab. Eastern Bolivia : (!ochabamba, Ynracarfes (D'Orbigny), San Mateo,
(Garlepp). W. Brazil : Rio Javarri (Bates) ; TefFe, R. Solimoens (Hoffmanns) ;
Rio Jnrna (Garbe) ; Bom Lugar, Monte Verde, Ponto Alegre, on the Rio Puriis.
N.E. Peru (Castelnan) : Chamicuros (Hauxwell).
Examined : 1 c? ad., Yuracarfes, ti/pe of M. menetriesii ; 2 SS ad., 1 S imm.,
1 ? ad., San Mateo, incl. the type of M. boliviana ; 1 c? ad., R. Jnrna, type of
M. hreticauda jar nana \ 2 c?c?, 2 ? ? ad., Rio Pnriis ; \ $S ad., 1 i imm., 5 ? ? ,
Teff6; 1 <? ad., R. Javarri; 1 cJ ad., Chamicuros; 1 cJ, 2 ¥ ? ad., N.E. Pern
(Castelnau coll. in Paris Museum).
((^) Myrmotherula menetriesii herlepschi Hellra.
ilyrmotherida berlepsrhi Hellmayr, Verhaudl. Zool. Sot. Ge.?eUsch. Wieu liii. p. 211 (1903. — Salto do
Girao, Rio Madeira).
J/, menetriesii (nee D'Orbigny) Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 82 (Ribeirao, Salto do Girao,
Rio Madeira).
Hab. Central Brazil, right bank of the upper Rio Madeira : Salto do Girao,
Ribeirao (Natterer), Calama (Hoffmanns), Marnins on the Rio Machados
(Hoffmanns).*
E.camined : 2 S i , \ ? ad., Salto Girao, incl. type of M. berlepschi, 1 ? ad.,
Ribeirfio, all in the Vienna Museum ; 2 (J e? ad., 1 ? ad., Calama, I ?, Marnins, in
the Tring and Mnnich Mnseums.
[222. Myrmotherula cinereiventria Scl. & Salv.
Cf. Nor. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 384 (Borba).
Right bank of the Madeira: Borba (Hoffmanns). Widely distributed in
Amazonia from f'ayenne to Northern Peru and Eastern Ecuador, and most probably
a geographic race of .17. menetriesii. Cf. mv remarks in Xoc. Zool. xiv. 1907.
p. 70.]
• Also recorded by Snethlage from \'illa Braga (left bank of Tapaj6z) and Alcobafa, Tocantins
(Journ.f. Orn, 1908. pp. 512, 532). I have not seen specimens from either of these localities.
( 352 )
223. Myrmotherula assimilis Pelz.
Myrmotheruh assimHis Pelzeln, Zitr Oni. Bras. ii. pp. 81, 15'2 (1868.— Borba, Rio Madeira •
below Poiares, Rio Negro ; Rio Amajaii) ; Hellmayr, Xoi-. Zool. xiv. p. 384 (Humaylha).
Nos. 2.S, 41;'). cT ad., S imiu , Calama, 12. vi., IT. viii. lltiJT. — Wing 53, 54;
tail 29, ■M)\; bill 13J, 14 mm.
No. 874. <f imm., Marmellos, 27. xii. 1907.— AVing 53; tail 29 ; bill 14 mm.
Nos. 824, 870. cjcjjnv., Marmellos, 18, 20. xii. 1907.— Wing 51, 54; tail
30, 31 ; bill 14 mm.
The series fully confirms the distinctness of M. assimilis. The young males
have the lower parts dingy (greyish) white, slightly shaded with bnffy here and
there, some of tlie upper wing-coverts brown edged with bufF, etc., all remains of
the juvenile plumage. For characters and range cf Lc. p. 384.
224. Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum Hellm.
lRi.implwcaeiius nielauunis Vieillot, .V"uc. Dn_l. xxix. p. G(1819. — " Bri'sil, par Delalaade fib," sc.
Rio de Janeiro).]
B. m. ainasoniim Hellmayr, Xoi: Zool. xiv. p. 66 (1907. — TeS4, Rio .Solimoens) ; idem, I.e. p. 373
(Humaytha, Borba).
Nos. 48, 383. t? ad., t? imm., Oalaraa, 15. vi., 12. viii. 1907. — Wing 53, 54;
tail 50, 47^ ; bill 22— 23i mm. " Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill grey."
Nos. 14, 182. ?? ad., Calama, 10. vi., 7. vii. 1907.— Wing 4s, 53 ; tail 46 ;
bill 22 mm. " Iris brown, feet and bill grey."
The series fully corroborates the characters of the subspecies. The Calama
birds dift'er from R. m. ulhiveidris (represented in the Munich Museum by specimens
from Saint-Lanrent-du-Maroni, French Gniana, Le Moult coll.) by the much paler
" creamy buff" sides of the neck, by lacking the rufous tinge on the nape, and by
having the chest and sides of breast fiiintly washed with creamy. The outer
rectrices are tipped with smoky grey.
R. in. atnazonum ranges from the Rio Madeira westward to Eastern Peru
(Yurimaguas, Sauta Cruz, ( 'hyavetas) and northward to the Rio Solimoens (Tefte).
Farther to the south, ou the Guapor6, one of the headwaters of the Rio Madeira,
it is replaced by R. melanurus sticturus Hellm., of which Natterer obtained a good
series at Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Engenho do Gama, and Sao Vicente. Cf.
Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 373-5, where a short review of the geographical races
of R. melamirus is given.
[225. Sclateria argentata (Des Murs).
Cf. Xov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 375 (Humaytha).
Hekrocnein'm albh-eiitrin Pelzeln, I.e. p. 161 (Guajaraguai,ii, Girao, Borba).
Both banks of the Rio Madeira : Gnajaragiiacu, Salto do Girao, Borba
(Natterer), Humaytha (Hotfmanns). Also found on tlie Peruvian Amazons, Rio
Negro, and Orinoco.*]
[220. Sclateria schistacea leucostigma (Pelz.).t
Cf. Hellmayr, Noe. Zool. xiv. 19i)7. p. 376 (Borba).
Right bank of the Rio Madeira : Borba (Hoffmanns).]
• In the Cat. Birds Brit. Mits. xv. p. 277, a specimen from Bartica Grove (Whitely) is recorded s.n.
H. argentata. I have examined the bird ; it is without doubt a young male of Sclateria schistacea
Itrucostiyma (I'elz.).
f 1 liave examined the bird from the Itio Jurafi, recorded by Ihering s.n. Sclateria leucostignia {Rew.
Hus. Paul vi. p. 442). It turn? out to be a male of Myrmelastes hyperythrus (.Gonld)^
( 353 )
22". Sclateria schistacea humaythae Hellm.
Sclateria schhtacea humaythae Hellmayr, BuU. B. 0. C. xix. p. 51 (1907. — Humiytlia) ; Helltuiyr,
Nov. Zool. x\y. 1907. p. 37.5 (Humaytha. Paraiao).
No. 1020. <S ad., Maruias, Rio Maehados, 15. vii. 1908.— Wing 08; tail 54;
bill 19 mm.
No. 745. (J ad., Allianca, 5. xi. 1907.— Wing 70 ; tail 57; bill 19 mm.
No. 791. ¥ ad., Allianca, 17. xi. 1907.— Wing 68; tail 53; bill 20 mm.
Perfectly identical with the Hnmaytha series. The male from Allianca, in the
length of tail, approaches S. s. leucostigma.
S. s. humaythae inhabits both banks of the river. On his first journey in 1906
Mr. Hoffmanns obtained a large snite at Humaytha, and a single female on the
opposite side, near Paraiso.
228. Myrmelastes luctuosus luctuosus (Licht).
Lan'im lucluosiis Lichtenstein, Ver:. Dubl. Berliner Jfus. p. 47 (182.3.--" Pari ").
Thiiiiiiiophilus hictuosiiis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 7G (Borba).
Myrmelasles luctuosus Hellmayr, Noo. Znol. xiv. p. 372 (Humaytha).
Nos. 387, 523. ? ? ad., Calama, 12. viii., 7. ix. 1907.— Wing 76, 78; tail
64, 66 ; bill 20, 22 mm.
Nos. 530, 561. ?? ad., Jamarysinho, 9, 17. ix. 1907.— Wing 79—80; tail
68—70; bill 21 mm.
" Iris brown, feet plumbeous or blackish, bill black."
Identical with examples from the Tapaj6z. The original locality requires
confirmation, for in recent years the bird has not been found near the town of
Pard.
229. Hjrpocnemis cantator peruvianus Tacz.
IFoTinicarius Cantatirr (sic !) Boddaert, Tahl. PI. eiil. p. 44 (1783. — based on " Le Carrilloneur, de
Cayenne," D'Aubentoa, PI. enl. 700. fig. 2 : Cayenne).]
Hypoenemis ennlalor, pernriinius Taczanowski, Orii. Peroti ii. p. CI (1884. — Yurimaguas, North
Peru) ; Hellmayr, Noc. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 377 (Humaytha).
B. cantator (not of Boddaert) Pelzeln, l.r. p. 87 (part. : Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama, Matto-
grosso ; Borba, Rio Madeira).
Nos. 262, 280, 369. JcJad., S imm., Calama, 24, 27. vii., 11. viii. 1907.
"Iris brown, feet plnmbeous, bill black, lower mandible greyish." — Wing 54i — 55 ;
tail 38—42; bill 14i— 15 mm.
Nos. 222, 261. ??, Calama, 14, 24. vii. 1907.— Wing 53, 54; tail 37, 40;
bill 141, 15 mm.
No. 982. 3 perad., Marnins, Rio Maehados, 8. vii. 1908.— Wing 56i ; tail
40J ; bill 14J mm.
No. 983. ? ad., Marnins, 8. vii. 1908.— Wing 55 ; tail 39 ; bill 14^ mm.
In the coloration of the upper parts — viz. large white dorsal patch, inter-
scapulars coarsely spotted with black and distinctly edged with white — the adult
males agree perfectly with a very large series from North-Eastern Peru, TeffS,
Mattogrosso, and Itaituba (R. Tapajdz). As a rule, specimens from Mattogrosso,
Calama, Marnins, Rio Juruii, and East Bolivia (Yuracares : D'Orbigny coll.) have
the flanks paler ochraceous, but several skins from Pebas (Pern) and Tefi'6 are not
different in this respect.
23
( 354 )
The range of H. c. peruvianus is, according to my present knowledge, as
follows : —
Brazil, sonth of the Amazon Valley : Arnmatheua, Tocantins * ; Villa Braga,
Bella Vista,t Itaiti\ba, % Tapajoz ; Borba (Natterer), (Jahiraa, Marnins, Hnmaytha §
(Hotfmanns), Rio Madeira; Eiigenho do Gama, Rio Guapore (Natterer); Villa
Maria, Rio Paraguay (Natterer); Rio Jnruii (Garbe)|| ; Bom Lngar, PurusH ; Teffe,
Rio Solimoens (Hoffmanns),** Ega (Bates), Rio Javarri (Bates). N.E. Bolivia:
Ynracares, near (^ochabamba (D'Orbigny). tt Pern: Yurimagnas (Stolzmann),
Upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Ghyavetas, Chamicuros, Santa Crnz (Bartlett), Pebas
(Hanxwell, Casteluan & Deville), Samiria (Hanxwell). Eastern Ecuador : Rio
Napo (Petit), Saraya^n (Buckley).
On the north bank of the Amazons, near Obidos and Manaos, it is replaced
by the typical race, H. c. cantator (Bodd.). ||
230. Hypocnemis punctulata (Des Murs).
Rhopotera piinctuhda DesMurs in Castelnau's Voyage, Oisenu.c p. 53 (June 1856.— " Haut Amazone,"
80. Peruvian Amazons).
Hhopothera gutlnta Des Murs, l.<\ tab. xvii. fig. 3 [ $ ] (December 1856).
Hypnaiemis punrtulalii Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 377 (Hnmaytha).
No. 133. cJ vi.x ad., Calama, 30. vi. 190T. "Iris greyish brown, feet yellowish
grey, bill black."— Wing CU ; tail 32 ; bill 15 mm.
No. 188. ? juv. in nestling plumage, Calama, 7. vii. 1907. — ''Iris and feet
grey."— Wing 60 ; tail 32 ; bill 14 mm.
The adult bird agrees with our series from Hnmaytha (left bank of the Rio
Madeira) and the Caura Valley, Venezuela.
The nestling has never been described before. The pileum is uniform olive-
brown as in the adult, but the back shows large buff spots of irregular shape and
narrowly edged with blackish. The black spotting of the chest is altogether absent,
all the lower surface e.\copt the white throat being clear buff, the feathers of the
foreneck with indistinct edges of dusky. That the bird belongs here and not to
//. naevia tlieresae is proved by its short tail, greyish (not wa.K-yellow) legs, and
blackish upper tail-coverts.
//. punctulata is known from both banks of the Madeira, but not yet recorded
from any Brazilian locality farther east.
231. Hypocnemis naevia theresae (Des Mnrs).
\Pipra naema Gmelin, Syxl. Nat. 1. ii. p. 1003 (178'J.§§— ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 823. fig. 2
(= (J ad.) — Cayenne).]
Comipophaga Thereme Des Murs in Castelnau's Viniagf, Oiseuuj- p. 51. tab. xvi. fig. 2 [ $ ] (185G. —
Rio Javarri, Peru).
Nos. 4, 134, 157, 204. 6S imm., Calama, 8, 30. vi., 3, 24. vii. 1907.— Wing
59j_63; tail 39—43; bill 10—17 mm.
• Suetblage, Joiirn. f. Urn. iSU8. p. 532. || Ihering, lievist. Mtis. Paul. vi. p. 442.
t Eadem, l.r. p. 512. 4 Snetlilage, Jmrn. f. Orii. 1908. p. 17.
X Hellmayr, Noi\ Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 19. •• Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. G7.
§ Idem, I.e. p. 377.
tt Thamnopfiihia striatoihorax D'Orbigny, Voyage, Olstaux p. 176.
IX Hellmajr, A'or. Zool. xiv. p. 32.
§§ Cf. Hopkinson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1907. pt. iv, (publ. May 190«) pp. 1035-7.
( 355 )
Nos. 84, 363, 364, 476. ? ? imm., Calaraa, 21. vi., 10, 28. viii. 19u7.— Wiiig
59—62 ; tail 40—42 ; bill 15— 16i mm.
No. 764. cJ ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907.— Wing 59 ; tail 39 ; bill 15 J mm.
Nos. 952, 966, 1029. S6 acl, Marniiis, 28. vi., 1, 17. vii. 1908.— Wing 58—60;
tail 39; bill 15—16 mm.
Nos. 951, 972. ? ? ad., Maniins, 28. vi., 5. vii. 1908. -Wing 59; tail 40 1 ;
bill 15 mm.
" Iris grey or brown, feet pale yellow or reddish yellow, bill black."
The series agrees perfectly with another from Eastern Ecnador (Napo) and
several examples from Pern. Adult males have the top of the head slate-grey,
the markings on the wings and the ronnded spots of the interscapnlinm pure white
or very nearly so, the basal ()ortion of the tail clear ashy or bnt faintly tinged with
olive, and the flanks as well as nnder tail-coverts very pale creamy buff. Immature
males are mnch browner above, the pale markings on wings and back bright buff,
and the flanks much more extensively and deeper ochraceous buff. Adult females
differ from young ones merely by having the pileum more mixed with
slate-grey.
The above variation is well illustrated by the two series from the Napo and
Rio Madeira respectively.
As first pointed out by M(5n6ganx & Hellmayr,* two forms had been
confounded nnder the name of //. theresae. In the following lines I give a
condensed n'sum^ oi their characters, range, and synonymy: —
(a) Hypocnemis naevia naecia (Gm.).
Pipm naevia Gmelin, S//s/. Nut. 1. ii. p. 1003 (1789.— bx D'Aulienton, PI. enl. tab. 823. fi». 2
= jj : Cayenne) ; Latham, hid. Ornilh. ii. 1790. p. 559 (based on the same) ; Shaw, Gen. Znol.
X. i. 1817. p. 32 (based on the same).
Conopophaga naer/ii. VieiUot, Xonr. Did. vii. 1817. p. 458 (based on the same).
Bypocnemii) naevia Pelzeln, Ziir Orn. Bran. ii. 1868. p. 89 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Natterer coll. ;
Cayenne : ex Becoeur) ; Berlepsch, Noi\ Zool. xv. 1908. p. 159 (Ipousin, R. Approuague,
Cherrie coll.).
H. naevia naecia M^negaux & Hellmayr, Bull. So<: Philomat. Paris 1906. p. 44 (Cayenne ; crit.).
ff. thereme (nee Des Murs) P. L. Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. 1890. p. 292 (part. : specimens
fl, b, ex Oyapoc, Cayenne) ; M^negaux, Bull. .Mns. Paris x. 1904. p. 177 (Camopi, Cayenne,
Geay coll.).
Hab. French Guiana : Cayenne (Bnflbn, Becoeur), Oyapoc (Verdey), Ipousin,
Rio Approuague (Cherrie), (Jamopi (Geay), Saint-Jean-du-Maroni (Le Monlt ; Mus.
Monac). North Brazil : Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro (Natterer).
6 ad. Above intense rufous brown, top of the head like the back, only the
forehead slate-grey ; a restricted patch in the middle of the interscapular region
black, marked with small, drop-shaped spots of pale buff. Tertials bright rufous
brown, with a buff apical spot, preceded by a black snbterminal band. Rectrices
bright rufous brown, with a well-defined black subterminal bar, from 3 to 2 mm.
wide, and a narrow buffy white apical margin. This measures about 1 to 2 mm.
in width on the outer tail-feathers, but is scarcely indicated by a whitish fringe
on the central pair. Sides of breast and abdomen as well as crissum bright
ochraceous.
Wing 57 — 61 ; tail 37 — 42 mm.
¥ ad. Agrees in the specific characters with the male. Under surface bright
ochraceous ; throat rather paler, more buff, bordered on each side by a narrow black
malar streak.
• Bvll. Soe. Philomat. Paris 1906. pp. 45-6.
( 356 )
Wing 56— Co ; tail 3(5 — 4t) mm.
Ob.<!. The fivt» specimens from thf Rio Negro, obtained by Natterer, are
prae.ticaliy identical with the series from Cayenne.
Examined: 1 S ad., Camopi ; 1 i ad., Saint-Jean-dn-Maroni ; 1 S ad.,
Ipousin; 'i S S ad., 1 ¥, ("ayenne; 1 t?, 1 ?, Oyapoo ; 3 Jc?, 2 ? ?, Marabitanas
Rio Negro.
[b) f/i//jOi'»('m./s naevia theresae (Des Murs).
Co7iopophiiija Theresue Des Murs in Castelnau's Vaijage, Oiseaur p. 51. tab. xvi. fig. 2 [?] ^18,0G. —
Rio Javarri, Peru).
C. tiaevia (not of Gmehn) Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, S^«. ^r. in Mug. Zoul. cl. ii. 18.'i7. p. 1.3
(Yuracares, Bolivia); D'Orbigny, Voi/. Amer. merid., Oiseaux 1838. p. 18G (part. — cJ :
Yuracar^s).
Hi/pnciieniis Iheresae Sclater, P. Z. S. Loml. 1858. p. BT (Rio Napo) ; idem, I.e. p. 253 (Rio Javarri :
Castelnau & Deville) ; idem, Cut. Amer. Birrh 1802. p. 188 (Upper Amazons. Bates; Rio
Napo) ; Sclater & Salvin, P. Z.S. 186G. p. 187 (Upper Ucayali, E. Bartlett coll.) : iidem, /.-■.
1867. p. 750 (Xeberoa, E. Bartlett coll.) ; iidem, I.e. 1873. p. 185 (Cosnipata, H. Whitely coll.);
iidem, I.e. p. 276 (Upper Uc.iyali, Xeberos, Chamicuros : E. Bartlett) ; Taczanowski, P. Z. S.
Loml. 1874. p. .531 (Monterico : Jelski coll.) ; idem, I.e. 1882. p. 32 (Huambo, Yurimagua.s :
Stolzmann); idem, Orn. Peroii ii. 1884. p. 72 (Peru); Sclater, Cut. Binh Bed. Miis. xv. 1890.
p. 292 (part. : specimens e — m) ; Salvadori & Fe.sta, Boll. .Mim. Torim xiv. No. 362. 1899. p. 31
(Santiago. Zamora, East Ecuador : E. Festa) ; Ihering, Bevisl. Mies. Paul. vi. 1905. p. 442
(Rio Jurud).
H. tiiievia Iheresae Menrgau.x & Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Philoinal. Paris 1906. p. 46 (crit. ; Rio
Javarri, East Ecuador, Iquitos, Bolivia).
Hab. S.E. Colombia : Caembi, Rio Patamayo (G. Hopke coll. — Mns. H. v. B.).
Eastern Ecuador : Rio Napo (L. Petit coll. in Tring ; in Mns. Brit, ex Verreanx),
Santiago, Zamora (E. Festa), Sarayacn (Buckley). N. Peru : Iqnitos (Whitely),
Xeberos, Chamicuros, Upper Ucayali (Bartlett), Huambo, Ynrimaguas (Stolzmann),
Guayabamba (0. T. Baron). C. Peru : Chuchurras, Huilnuco (W. Hoffmanns),
Monterico (Jelski). S.E. Pern : Cosnipata (Whitely), Marcapata, t-uzco (0.
Garlepp). W. Brazil : Rio Javarri (Castelnau & Devillej ; Rio Jurua (Garbe) ;
Calama, Allianca on the Rio Madeira ; Maruins, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns) ;
Lower Amazonia : Villa Braga, left bank of the R. Tapaj6z (Snethlage). North
Bolivia : Yuracares (D'Orbigny), San Mateo (G. Garlepp).
<S ad. Differs from IJ. v. naecia by having all the upper back black with
mnch larger and more numerous bnffy white spots, the top of the head and nape
slate-grey, the rump and upper tail-coverts pale olive-brown, the tertials black
tipped with white, the tail-feathers ashy or olive-grey with much broader
(6 — 8 mm.) lilack subterminal and white apical bands, and the flanks mnch paler,
creamy buff. Even immature birds are readily distinguishable by the olive-brown
ground-colour of the head and back, and paler flanks, besides the other characters.
Wing 58—64 ; tail 38—43 mm.
¥ ad. In addition to the points of difference given under the heading of the
male, the females of II. n. tlieresae have the black malar stripe much broader tlian
in the typical race, and the throat pure white.
Wing 58—62 ; tail 38—42 mm.
Obs. I could not find any constant difference between examples from various
localities. Two 6i imm. from Villa Braga, left bank of the Tapajoz, agree
exactly with others from more western countries. All of the many females I have
seen have the foreneck coarsely spotted with black.
Examined: 1 ? ad., Cuembi, R. Putumayo, S.E. Colombia — Mus. H. v.
Berlepsch ; 4 cJcJ, 1 ?, Rio Napo, Petit coll. in Tring Museum; 1 ?, Rio
( 357 )
Javarri, type, in Mus. Paris; 1 J ad., Chamicnros, Mns. Triiig ; 2 $ i , 2 ??,
Iquitos, Mos. Tring et H. v. B. ; 1 ?, Cosnipata, Mns. H. v. B. ; 1 S imm., Hnambo,
Mils. H. V. B.; 14 c?c? ad., S S imm., ? ? , Marcapata, Cnzco— Mus. H. v. B.,
Vienna and Munich; 1 ?, Gnayabamba, 0. T. Baron— Mns. Brit.; 1 S ad.,
Chncbnrras, Hnannco— Mns. Triug- ; 4 c?(? ad., 4 SS imm., 6 ? ?, Rio Madeira-
coll. Hoffmanns ; 2 c? t? imm.. Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz— Mns. Para ; 1 d ad.,
Yuracares, Bolivia, D'Orbigny coll. iu Mns. Paris; i ? ad., S. Mateo, Bolivia,
in Mus. H. V. B. — altogether nearly fifty specimens.
232. Hypocnemis poecilinota griseiventris (Pelz.).
[Hypoaiemis poecilinota Cabanis, Arch. Naturg. 13. i. p. 212. tab. 4. fig. 2, descr. orig. ^ (1847.—
British Guiana).]
Pithys griseii-erttris Pelzeln, Zur Oriiith. Brag. ii. p. 167, descr. orig. $ (1868.— Villa Maria and
Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso ; Borba, Rio Madeira).
Hypocnemis poecilonola Pelzeln, I.e. p. 88 (part. : Borba) ; of. Nor. Zool. xiii. p. 371.
H. poecilinota griseimitrig Hellmayr, Nor. Zool xiii. 1906. p. 372 (crit.) ; idem, I.e. xiv. 1907. p. 67
(Teff^, Rio Solimoens) ; idem, I.e. p. 378 (Humaytha, Borba : Rio Madeira).
Nos. 16, 56,74, 121,257, 296. SSa.<\., Calama, 10, 17, 18, 28. vi., 29. vii. 1907.—
Wing 67—70; tail 43—47; bill 17—18 mm.
No. 625. 3 ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 4, x. 1907.— Wing 67; tail 42 ; bill
16 mm.
Nos. 21, 39, 57. c?(?juv., Calama, 11, 14, 17. vi. 1907.— Wing 68—69; tail
45—47; bill 17— 18 mm.
Nos. 27, 42, 114, 130, 192. ? ? ad., ? imm., Calama, 12, 14, 26, 29. vi., 8. vii.
1907.— Wing 66—70 ; tail 43—48 ; bill 16A— 18 mm.
Nos. 779, 787, 800, 811. ? ? ad., Allianca, 12, 14, 22. xi., 2. xii. 1907.— Wing
64—68 ; tail 41—44 ; bill 16^—17 mm.
No. 904. S ad., Maruius, R. Machados, 4. vi. 1908. — Wing TO; tail 43; bill
17 mm.
No. 899. S juv., Maruius, 2. vi. 1908.— Wing 05 ; tail 42 ; bill 16J mm.
No. 995. ? ad., Maruins, 11. vii. 19o8.— Wing 65 ; tail 45 ; bill 17 mm.
"Iris brown or greyish brown, feet grey or plumbeous, bill black."
The adult S S differ from //. p. poeciUmta, of which the Munich Museum
possesses a very large series from Cayenue and the Canra Valley, by their con-
siderably darker slate-grey under parts, and by having the white interscapular
patch much more extended. The colour of the upper tail-coverts, however, is
variable and cannot be used as distinctive character. The females are tyj)ical (for
description see Xoc. Zool. xiii. p. 372) ; the colour of the throat varies from white to
cinereous.
H. p. griseicentris is only known fmm Teffe, Rio Solimoens, and the Rio
Madeira where it inhabits both banks, l)iit it has not yet been found farther to the
east, e.g. on the Tapajux.
233. Hypocnemis leucophrys angustirostris (Cab.).
{Pithys leucophrys Tsohudi, Arch. Natiiry. 10. i. p. 278, descr. orig. (J (1844.— Peru).]
Conopophaga angiisliroxtris Cabanis iu Schoniburgk, ReisenBrit. Guiana, iii. p. 685, descr. orig. $
(1848.— Coast district o£ British Guiana).
Hypocnemis leucophrys angiislirostris Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 378 (Humaytha).
H. leucophryu (nee Tschudi) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 88 (Borba).
Nos. 177, 238. 6 6 ad., Calama, 1, 18. vii. 19i)7.— Wing 70, 71 ; tail 47, 49;
bill 17 mm.
( 358 )
No. 562. S ad., Jamarysinho, 17. ix. 1907.— Wing 70 ; tail 46 J ; bill 17 mm.
No. 840. <S atl., Marmellos, 22. xii. 1907.— Wing 67 ; tail 45 ;'bill 17 mm.
Nos. 1,816, 907. ?? ad., Calama, 8. vi. 1907; Marmellos, 16. xii. 1907;
Marnins, 5. vi. 1908.— Wing 65—68 ; tail 42—46 ; bill 17 mm.
" Iris browu, feet plumbeons or bluish black, bill black."
Identical with examples from British Guiana, C'aura Valley, etc. B. I.
anffusiirostris is widely distributed in Amazonia, from the Tocantins westward
to the rivers Purus and Juriia, and to Teffe, Rio Solimoens, in the north.
[234. Hypocnemis myotherina melanolaema Scl.
rThamnophilas myotherhms Spix, Ai'. Bras. ii. p. 30. tab xlii. fig. 1 [(^ ad.] (18"25. — part. :
descr. of jj only, no locality ; ct. Nnv. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 20-1).]
Hi/pociiemis melannlaema Sclater, Proi:. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxii. 18ot. p. 254. pi. Ix.xii. fig. 2 (1855. —
" in Peruria, Chamicurros "),
U. miiotherimi mefanolaenta Hellmayr, Xor. Zonl. xiv. 1907. p. 379 (Humaytha).
Left bank of the Madeira ; Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Not obtained on his
second journey.
On the right bank of tlie stream it is replaced by the next form.]
235. Hypocnemis myotherina sororia n. subsp.
Hypornemh m//otheriim melanoliuma (neoSc'l&leT)'H.el\ma.jT, Not'. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 379 (part.:
No. 1311, (J vix ad., Paraiso).
Nos. 13, 31, 136,"160, 181,259,400. c?c? ad., Calama, 10, 13,30. vi., 3, 7,23. vii.,
15. viii. 1907. " Iris red or brownish red, feet plumbeous, bill black." — Wing 62 —
65 ; tail 35-41; bill 15|— 16i mm.
No. 159. c? vix ad., Calama, 3. vii. 1907. "Iris red-brown, feet grey, bill
black."— Wing 63 ; tail 4n| ; bill 16J mm.
No. 540. (? !id., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 12. ix. 1907. ''Iris brownish
red, feet clear grey, bill black." — Wing 64 ; tail 41 ; bill 15 mm.
Nos. 169, 403. Jc? juv., (Jalama, 6. vii., 16. viii. 1907. " Iris browu, feet grey,
bill black."— Wing 62, 63 ; tail 38J, 41 ; bill 16 mm.
Nos. 20, 23, 83, 85, 158, 258. ? ? ad., Calama, 11, 21. vi., 3, 23. vii. 1907.
" Iris brown or reddish brown, feet plumbeous, bill black, lower mandible greyish." —
Wing 62—64; tail 37—41 ; bill 15— 16i mm.
Nos. 12, 125. ? ? jnv., Calama, 10, 29. vi. 1907. " Iris browu, feet grey, bill
black, lower mandible pale." — Wing 61, 64^ ; tail 40; bill 15, lb!, mm.
Nos. 932, 1013. ? ? ad., Maruins, Rio Machados (Vargem), 18. vi., 13. vii.
1908. " Iris brown, feet grey, bill black, below greyish." — Wing 63, 63J ; tail
4i)i, 42 ; bill 15, 15J mm.
rj ad. Much like //. m. melanolaema Scl. from Northern Bolivia, Peru, and
Humaytha, left bank of the Rio Madeira, but averaging smaller and the cinereous
colour of the under parts somewhat richer. Palo baud behind the black frontal
edge and superciliary streak ill-detined, greyish white, exactly as in its western
representative.
? ad. Agrees with //. m. mdnnolaema Scl. in the pale lower mandible, but the
breast and abdomen are much darker, deej) ochraceous as iu //. m. ochrolaema
Hellm. It differs, however, from lioth iu having the throat neither ijure white like
( 359 )
the former, nor deep ochraceons like the latter, but licjht creamy buff, in decided
contrast to the colour of the belly. The cheeks and malar region are bright buff
with narrow dusky cross-lines.
Type in Tring Museum : No. 158, ? ad., Calama, 3. vii. ]'.»07 (W. Hoffmanns
coll.).
This adds another to the three forms of the H. myotheriua group of which I
have given a review in Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 20-2. While the male does not
much differ from the same sex of H. in. melanolaema, the female may be
recognized at a glance from H. m. melanolaema and H. m. ochrolaema, although
in its characters it stands somewhat between the two. It shares the pale
greyish lower mandible with //. m. melanolaemi, but in the deep ochraceous colour
of the belly it agrees with //. m. ochrolaema, which is found on the Tapajoz as well
as farther down on the right bank of the Madeira near Borba. The latter form,
however, has the lower mandible blackish like the upper one, and the throat deep
ochraceous like breast and abdomen, whereas in the female of the new race the
throat is pale creamy buft', very much paler than, and in strong contrast to, the rest
of the under parts. The cheeks and malar region are brighter buff, variegated with
dusky in sororia, uniform deep ochraceous in ochrolaema.
The upper parts are rather variable, being sometimes dull greenish olive as in
ochrolaema., sometimes warm olive-brown with a more or less distinct rufescent
tinge as in melanolaema. Superciliary streak and white dorsal patch as in
ochrolaema. Most of the specimens have a number of small, dusky olive spots on
the foreneck, but in two skins (Nos. 20, 932) these are scarcely indicated.
The young females (Nos. 12, 125) are more olive, less brownish, on the upper
parts, the rufescent olive superciliary streak is barely indicated, there is scarcely
any white at the base of the dorsal feathers, the belly is much paler, the
throat nearly pure white, and the upper wing-coverts lack the ochraceous apical
bands.
The male from Paraizo, provisionally referred to //. m. melanolaem-i, doubtless
belongs to the present race.
H. m. sororia furnishes another instance of rivers separating the ranges of
nearly allied forms. It would be interesting to know the meeting-point of
H. m. sororia and //. m. ochrolaema, both of which occur on the right bank of the
Rio Madeira, the latter near its mouth, the former farther up the stream.
[236. Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema Hellm.
Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema Hellmayr, Bull. B. 0. C. xvi. p. 100 (1906. — Itaitiiba, left bank
of the Tapajoz) ; idem, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 379 (Borba).
B.. myiotherina (neo Spix) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 88 (Borba).
Right bank, lower Rio Madeira : Borba (Hoft'raauns, Natterer).
This form extends eastwards to the left side of the Tocantins (Arumatheua,
Alcobaga).* Miss Snethlage has kindly sent the two specimens for my inspection.
The male is practically identical with one from Borba, while the female slightly
differs from those obtained at Itaituba and Borba, by having the lower mandible
dusky with the extreme base pale yellowish (instead of uniform black).
In all the females of H. in. ochrolaema the throat is deep ochraceous like the
rest of the under parts.]
* Joiirn.f. Orn. 1908. p. 533,
( 360 )
[237. Hypocnemis lugubris feminina Hellm.
HypocnemU higuhrh feminhm Hellmayr, Rer. Fiaiif. irOrn. Xo. 11. p. 164 (1910.— Borba, Rio
Madeira).
ff. luguhrh (nec Cabanis) Pelzelo, /..-. pp. 88, 163 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 379
(syn. part, and excl. specimens 1,2; Borba).
Eight bank : Borba (Hoffmanns, Natterer).
As pointed oat I.e. the binls from the Rio Madeira and lower Rio Negro are
snbspecifically distinct from true H. I. lugubris (Cab.),* with which H. hijpoleMC
Ridgw.t is synonymous. The typical race is found on the south bank of the
Amazons (Santarem, Paricatiiba), while a third, nearly allied form, H. btgubrii
berlepsclu Hellm., inhabits Northern Pern (Iquitos, Nauta).
A review of the H. lugubris group is given Z.c]
238. Hypocnemis melanopog^on Scl.
Hiipocmmis melaiiopopoii Sclater, Proc. Zonl. Soc. Lund. xxv. 1857. p. 130 (1857.— Guiana ; cf.
Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 381) ; Hellmayr, Not. Zool. xiv. 1007. p. 381 (Humaytha, Borba).
Nos. 16fi, 422, 527, 731. i$ ad., Calama, 5. vii., 18. viii., 8. ix., 27. s. 1907.—
Wing 62—64 ; tail 34—36 ; bill 16—17 mm.
No. 711. c? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 17. x. 1'.MI7.— Wing 64i ; tail 35;
bill 17 mm.
Nos. 70, 163, 184, 224, 267, 277, 526. ? ? ad. and imm., Calama, 18. vi., 4, 7,
15, 2.5, 27. vii., 8. ix. 1907.— Wing 62—65 ; tail 34—37 ; bill 16^—17 mm.
Nos. 608, 712. ? ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 2, 17. x. 1907.— Wing 61, 63 ;
tail 33, 34; bill 16^ mm.
" Iris grey, feet plumbeous or blackish, bill black, in females lower mandible
grey."
The specimens agree perfectly with our large series from British Guiana and the
Canra Valley, Venezuela. In none of them is there any trace of a white inter-
scapular patch ; the white apical margins to the rectrices are from A to 1 mm. wide.
H. melanopogon inhabits both sides of the Madeira. During his first trip in
1906, Mr. Hotfmanns obtained a series at Humaytha, on the left bank.
239. Hypocnemis maculicauda Pelz.
Uypocmmh marAiUmmU Pelzeln, Zar Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 89, 164 (1868.— Villa Maria (type locality) ;
Villa Bella de Mattogrosso ; Engenho do Gama, Eio Guapore).
No. 92.5. ? imm., Maruins, Rio Machados, 12. vi. 1908. "Iris black, feet
black, bill black, below grey."— Wing 59; tail 38 ; bill 16 mm.
This bird agrees in every detail with some of Natterer's females (\Mlla Maria;
Vienna Museum), and differs from the preceding species by its smaller size, and by
having a large, concealed white interscapular patch, and broad white tips to the
rei-trices, about 5 mm. in width. It is a remarkable fact that the Rio Machados
slionM possess a species different from that found on the main stream. A siff.ilar case
lias already been discussed, cf Pipra aureola fasciicauda and P. a. calainae, p. 303.
//. maculicauila is evidently the southern and western representative of
• XliirmoiMx licjiihrin Cabania, Arch. .Yatiiry. i:i. i. p, 211 (1847. — " rar4 ").
t Mrtcr.icnrmh C) hi/iioleiwi. Ki.Igway, I'ruc. U.H. .Miis. x. lS-(7. | p. 523 (1888.— Diamantin.i,
Santarem).
(361 )
H. melanopogon, but I do not venture to employ a trinomial name on the evidence
of our present knowledge. H. maculicatida ranges from the Rio Machados and the
headwaters of the Madeira (Rio Guapore, etc.) through AVestern Brazil (Purus,
Jurua ; 01iven(;a on Ihe Rio Solimoens) to Eastern and Northern Peru.
H. melanopogon inhabits the countries north of the Amazon Valley (Mexiana
Island, the Guianas, the Orinoco and Rio Negro district), but descends along
the Madeira as far as Humaytha (left bank), Calama and S. Isabel (right side).
//. maculicauda, however, has also been found in the Para district (Prata, Rio
Acani, Capim) * and on the Tapajoz.f Three specimens before me, a couple from
Para and a male from Goyaua, Tapajoz, agree with Upper Amazonian skins in
size and in the possession of a large white interscapular patch ; but the white ends
to the rectrices are decidedly narrower, though much wider than in H. melanopogon.
A larger series from the Lower Amazons is required to prove the constancy of this
character or otherwise.
[240. Hypocnemis hemileuca Scl. & Salv.
Hypijcnemis hemileuca Sclater & Salvia, /'/vjc. Zno/. Sue. Lond. 1866. p. 18S (1866. — Lower
Ucayali).
Terenura melamileuea Pelzeln, Zur Orii. Bras. ii. p. 157 (1868. — Borba, Rio Madeira).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
1 have shown J T. melanoleiica to be synonymous with II. hemileuca. Mr.
Hoffmanns did not meet with this rare species, which is still only known from the
type, olitained by E. Bartlett ; the two adult males taken many years ago by
Natterer near Borba ; and the type of J/y/vrtOf/wi/iei- kijpoU'iicus \ from Reyes, N.E.
Bolivia. There is a fifth, hitherto unrecorded specimen in (!onnt Berlepsch's
collection. It was secured in Eastern Ecuador by one of the men employed by
the late Henry Whitely, of Woolwich, but its exact place of capture is not
known.]
[241. Dichrozona cincta (Pelz.).
CitphorhinKs (.Mici-oeereuins) ehietiia Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bra^i. i. pp. 47, 65 (1867. — Borba, Rio
Madeira ; Sao Joaquim, Rio Negro) ; cf. Hellmayr, Not: Zuul. xiii. 1906. p. 348 (crit.).
Rio Madeira : Borba (Natterer).
This species is represented by but few specimens in scientific collections.
Natterer obtained a male at Sao Joaquim on the upper Rio Negro, near the mouth
of the Uaupes, and a female at Borba, in January 183U. The type of Dichrozona
zononota Ridgw. || was shot by Mr. C. B. Riker at Diamantina, near Santarem, on
the Rio Tapajoz, and the original examples of Htjpocnemis stellata Scl. & Salv. 1'
were taken at a place called Sarayai^u, Eastern Ecuador, by one of Buckley's
hunters. More recently, I have examined an immature female collected at Uby
no Cachoeira, Rio Punis, June 17, 19U3, and preserved in the Para Museum.**
Prof von Ihering records a male from the Rio Jurua, secured Blay 3n, 1902. ft]
* Snethlage, Journ.f. Orn. 1907. p. 287.
t Eadem, I.e. 1908. p. 513.
X Nov. Zool. xiii. 1900. p. 318.
§ Allen, Bull. Aner. Mm. ii. p. 95 (188?.— Heyes, N.E. Bolivia),
II Pnie. as. Mus. -x, 1887. p. 524 (1888).
II Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond. 18K0. p. luo.
•* B. cincta Snethlage, ./o«™./. Orn. 1908. p. 17.
ft Microcerculus cinctm Ihering, Revist. Mm. Paul. vi. 1901. publ. 1905, p, 431.
( 362 )
242. Cercomacra sclateri Hellm.
Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr, A'oc. /iuol. xii. pp. 286, 288 (1905. — Chyavetas, East Peru).
C. caerulescens (nee Vieillot) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 84 (Borba, Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira ; Mattogrosso,
Rio Guaporp).
No8. 90, 99, 4U1, 468. 6 6 ad., Calama, 22, 23. vi., 16, 27. viii. 19U7.— Wing
64—66; tail 69—70 ; bill 17— ISi mm.
No. 545. 6 ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 13. ix. 1907.— Wing 66 ; tail 66 ;
bill 17 mm.
Nos. 170, 571. ? ? ad., Calama, 6. vii. 1907; Jamarysinho, 18. ix. 1907.—
Wing 60 ; tail 64 ; bill 16A, 17 mm.
" Iris grey or brown, feet black, bill black, lower mandible grey in females."
Typical of C. sclateri, with the bend of the wing largely white, and with
distinct white apical margins to the upper wing-coverts. Two of the males are
very nearly as dark slate-grey as the type from Chyavetas, while the others are
paler schistaceons, more like the specimens from Para and Itaitiiba. An adult
male from the Rio Piirus (Bom Lugar) is scarcely paler underneath than Peruvian
examples, but in the colour of the upper jiarts it resembles those from the Lower
Amazons.
To the range as given iu yor. Zool. xii. p. 288 the following localities are to
be iidded : —
N. Brazil : Sao Antonio do Prata (Hoffmanns, Snethlage), Rio Capim, Rio
Guama (Snethlage) ; Rio Tapajoz : Itailuba (Hoffmanns), Villa Braga (Snethlage).
W. Brazil : Calama, Jamarysinho, Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns) ; Bom Lugar, Rio
Funis (Snethlage), Teffr, Rio Solimoens (Hoffmanns). Besides, I have examined,
in the Paris Museum, 2 6 6 ad., 3 ? ? from Sarayacu, Eastern Peru, brought back
by the Castelnau Expedition.
243. Cercomacra nigrescens approximans Pelz.
[Percnostola nigrescfm Cabani.s & Heine, Mua. lle'inean. ii. p. 10 (1859. — Cayenne).]
Cercomacra ap/)roxiiiiam Pelzelii, Zicr Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 85, 158 (1868. — Eagenho do Gama and
Mattogrosso, Rio Guapore).
C nirjrescens appro riinuns Hvllmayr, Xox\ Zool. xiv. 1907 p. 372 (Borba).
No. 402. 6 ad., Calama, 16. viii. 1U07.— Wing 68 ; tail 64 ; bill 18 mm.
Nos. 640, 642. 6 imm., <^ juv., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8. x. 1907.
Nos. 615, 636, 661. ? ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 3, 7, 10. x. 1907.— Wing
63 — 65 ; tail about 57 ; bill 16J — 17 mm.
No. 795. 6 juv., Alliauca, 2(i. xi. 1907— Wing 65 ; tail 64 ; bill 16 mm.
The series agrees perfectly with others from Itaituba (Tapajoz) and some of
Natterer's typical specimens from the Guapore. Peruvian skins (Pebas, Guaya-
bamba, Huarabo, and Garita del Sol) are slightly different, the males being darker,
more sooty both above and below, the females decidedly rufescent-brown (instead
of dull brownish olive) on the back. Whether these characters are constant I am
not in a position to say, owing to my material being too inadei|uate. ('. srrea (Scl.)
is very nearly allied to C. n. approximans. Although it would appear that both
species occur .side by side in Eastern Ecuador as well as in certain districts of Pern,
yet their relationship is not at all clearly tmderstood.
C. n. approximans ranges, in the east, to the left bank of the Tapaj6z.
( 363 )
244. Formicivora grisea grisea (Bodd.).
Turdus (jriesfus (sic) Boddaert, Tahl. PL enl. p. 39 (1783.— ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 643. fig. 1 = (^ :
Cayenne).
Formkicora grisea Pelzeln, l.r. p. 83 (Engenho do Gama, [Villa Bella de] Matogrosso, Rio
Guapor^ ; Borba, Rio Madeira).
Nos. 600, 602, 719. c?(? ad., 6 iium., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 1, 19. x. 1907.—
Wing 55-56 ; tail 47—49 ; bill 13i— 15 mm.
Nos. 616, 618, 619, 637. ? ?,'s. Isabel, 4, 7. x. 1907.— Wiug 54—55; tail
47—49; bill 13—14 mm.
" Iris brown, feet plumbeous or gre}-, bill black."
Identical with specimens from Ca3-enrie, British Guiana, Para, and Blaranhao.
The Rio Madeira appears to form the western limits of its range south of the
Amazons ; the most southerly localities iu Amazonia as yet known are Engenho
do Gama and Sao Vicente, on the Guapore, where Natterer obtained a large suite.
I hope to discuss the various geographical races of the grisea group in another
paper shortly to appear.
[245. Formicivora rufa (Wied).
Cf. Nor. Zonl. xiv. 1907. p. 372 (Humaytha).
Left bank of the Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Widely distributed in Central South America, ranging to the north as far as
Santarem, and eastward to Bahia.]
246. Formicivora quixensis bicolor Pelz.
ITIiainnnjiJiiliis quixensis Cornalia, Verlebr. S>/ii. Oscnlali Coll. p. 12 (1849. — Quixos, Eastern
Ecuador).]
Foynticivora bicolor Pelzeln, Zur Orii. Bras. ii. pp. 84, 156 (1868. — Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore ;
Destacamento do Ribeirao, Salto do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv.
1907. p. 373 (Borba).
Nos. 44, 91, 484, 744. SS ad., Calama, 15, 22. vi., 29. viii., 1. xi. 1907. " Iris
dark brown, feet and bill black." — Wing 541 — 56 ; tail 50—53 ; bill 14 mm.
F. (J. bicolor has lately been met with in various localities south of the main
valley of the Amazons. Mr. Hoffmanns obtained it at Teffe (Rio Solimoens), near
Itaituba, left bank of the Rio Ta|)aj6z, as well as at Borba. Prof Ihering received
specimens from the Rio Jurua,* and Miss Snethlage records it from Bom Lngar,
Pnrus.t
The newly described /'. coiuohrina, microsticta Berl, % from Cayenne, is also
much more nearly related to F. bicolor than to F. consobrina, differing only in its
stouter, broader bill and slightly shorter white tips to the outer rectrices. The
pattern of the wing-coverts is exactly the same in both forms. F. consobrina, from
Western Ecuador and Western Colombia, on the other hand, has much less white
in the tail, the white tips being only about half as long, and the white spots on
the greater upper wing-coverts are much larger, as correctly pointed out by Count
Berlepsch. I have examined, in addition to the typical series of F. microsticta in
Tring, two adult males secured at Saint-Jean-du-Maroni by M. Le Moult, in the
collection of the Munich Museum.
• Bevista Mug. Paul. vi. 1905. p. 442.
t F. bicolor Snethlage, Jok™. /. Orii. 190H. p. 16— F. co)i4ohriim{\) eadem, I.e. p. 24; eadem, Bui.
Miis. GoeUi V. 190.S. p. 57. — 1 have examined the examples, which are, of course, referable to F. bicolor.
F. consobrina is confined to Western Ecuador and W. Colombia.
X Nov. Zool. XV. 19U8. p. 157 (Rio Approuague, Cayenne).
( 364 )
F. q. qidxensis (Cornalia), from Eastern Ecnador, has the white apical spots
on the greater wing-coverts nearly as large as /•'. q. con.wbrina, but the white ends
of the outer rectrices are rather longer, and the dimensions greater. The female,
moreover, differs at a glance from those of F. bicolor, microsficta, and consobrim
by having the throat and sides of the head, like the pileum and back, black
with a slight gloss, while, in its allies, the throat is ferrnginous or chestnut-rnfons
like the rest of the belly, the sides and top of the head are slate-grey, etc.
All the black-and-white Formiciwrae represent each other geographically, and
are therefore more proi)erly designated by trinomials.
247. Myrmeciza hemimelaena pallens Berl. & Hellm.
[Mynmcisahemiimlaeiia Sclater, Pn,c. Z'uil , Snc. Loml. xxv. 18.i7. p. 48 (1867.— Bolivia).]
Formicicom nijicnuda (nee Mi/iolhem riificaudo Wied, 1831) Pelzeln. Zur Oni. Bras. ii. p. 155
(1868.— Eagenho do Gama, Villa Bella de Matogrosso, Western Matogrosso) ; Hellmayr,
Verhaiull. Zool.-But. Gesellsrh. Widi liii. 1903. p. 213.
Myrmeciza henumdaena pallem Berlepsch & Hellmayr, Journ.f. Omith. 1005. p. 32 (January 1905.—
Matogrosso).
Drymophila jurnaim Ihering, Rerist. Miis. Paiilist. vi. 1904. p. 442 (May 1905.— Rio Jurui : new
name for F, nifii-audH Pelz. preoccupied).
Nos. 247, 311, 319. dS ad., ^ imm., Calama, 22, 31. vii., 1. viii. I'.iOT.— Wing
56—57; tail 38; bill 15 mm.
No. 555. (? ad., Jamarysinho, 15. ix. 1907. — Wing 56 ; tail 34 ; bill 14 mm.
Nos. 970, 1022. c? J ad., Maruius, 4, 16. vii. 1908.— Wing 57—58; tail 34—36;
bill 14i— 15 mm.
Nos. 263, 316. ? ? ad., Calama, 24. vii., 1. viii. 1907.— Wing 53, 54; tail
37, 39; bill 14i mm.
No. 567. ? imm., Jamarysinho, 18. ix. 1907.— Wing 54 ; tail 35^; bill 14 mm.
No. 980. ? ad., Maruius, 9. viii. 1908.— Wing 55 ; tail 35 ; bill 14 mm.
" Iris brown, feet flesh-colour, light yellow or greyish yellow, bill black."
The males differ from a series of M. //. hemimelaena from Bolivia and Sonth-
Eastern Peru by their paler, cinnamomeous instead of castaneous, colour of the
back and wings, clearer cinnamon-rnfons tail, and much lighter, fulvescent, not
deep rnfescent brown, flanks. Besides, the black is restricted to the throat and
foreneck (while, in the typical race, it is continued over the chest), and the white
area on the breast and middle of abdomen much more exten(led. The other
character alluded to by Berlepsh it Hellmayr, viz. the colour of the pileum and
nape, however, does not seem to be quite constant, for one or two specimens from
the Rio Madeira are not different on this score from typical M. h. hemimelaena
from Bolivia.
The females are always readily distinguishable from those of the latter form
by having the throat and foreneck very much paler, ochraceous instead of
ferruginous, the middle of the belly nearly white instead of ochraceous buff, and
all the upper parts much lighter-coloured.
The range of the two forms is as follows : —
(a) M. hemimelaeni hemimelaena Scl.
North Bolivia: San Mateo, Yungas of Cochabamba (G. Garlepp— Mns.
H. V. B.), Yuracares (U'Orbigny *). South-Eastern Peru: Marcapata, Cnzco (0.
* TliammjiJiilus yuttn/ii^- (eiiore !) U'Urbigny, Voyage, Oireaux p. 177. -1 have examined D'Orbigny's
original example, an adult male, in the Paris Museum, and found it identical with others from
S.E. I'eru.
( 365 )
Garlepp— Mns. H. v. B., Vienna). North Peru : Xeberos (Bartlett), Hiiambo
(Stolzmanuj, R. Hnallaga. [? Eastern Ecuador : Sarayacn.]
N.B. — Siiecimens from Hnambo agree with the Bolivian ones. Having never
seen Ecnadorian birds, I cannot sa\- whether they have been correctly referred to
the present form. In the Chanchamayo district, Central Pern, a nearly allied
species, M. spodiogastra Berl. & Stok.,* takes its place.
{b) M. hemimelaend pollens Berl. & Hellm.
Western Brazil : Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, on the Rio
Guapor^ (Natterer) ; Calama, Rio Madeira; Jamarysinho, Marnins on the Rio
Machados (Hoffmanns) ; Rio Jurna (Garbe).
[24>i. Myrmeciza ferruginea (P. L. S. Mull.).
Tardus ferrnginens v. L. S. Miiller, jYiiliirxi/xl, Siippl. p. 141 (177G. — lased on "Merle 1 cravate,
de Cayenne, " D'Aubenton, PI. eul. 5G0. fig. 2.— Cayenne).
Tunliis chiiiamompii.t Gmelin, Si/st. Nut. 1. ii. p. 825 (1789. — based on the same).
Miirmfciza chninniometi Pelzeln, /.''. p. 87 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). This is the most southerly locality from
which the species has been recorded. Miss .Snetblage,t lately, secured a male
at Villa Braga, on the left bank of the Tapajoz. It is common in Cayenne,
Surinam, and British Gniana. Mr. Hoffmanns sent a female from Obidos, north
side of the Amazons.]
24ft. Anoplops hoffmaunsi Hellm.
AiinpldjK hoffmaunsi Hellmayr, Bull. B. 0. C. xix. p. .52 (1907. — Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, Nni<.
Zonl. xiv. 1907. p. 387. pi. iii. figs. 2, H (c? ? )•
Nos. 40, 12(). S6 ad., Calama, 14, 29. vi. 1007.— Wing TOJ, 81 ; tail 53, 54 ;
bill 18 mm.
Nos. 118, 119. (JtJ imm., Calama, 28. vi. 1907.— Wing 81 ; tail 52, 54 ; bill
17i— 18 mm.
No. 320. 6 juv., Calaraa, 1. viii. 19o7.— Wing 78 ; tail 51 ; bill 18 mm.
No. — . S ad., AUianca, xi. 1907.— Wing 80i ; tail 53; bill 17 mm.
No. 944. cJ imm., Marnins, 26. vi. 1908.— Wing 79 ; tail 54 ; bill 17^ mm.
Nos. 24, 25, 54, 115, 116, 117, 384. ¥ ? ad., imm. et juv., Calama, 12, 17, 28.
vi., 12. viii. 1907.— Wing 75—80 ; tail 50—54 ; bill 17—18 mm.
Nos. 762, 764. ¥ ad., ? juv., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907.— Wing 80, 74 ; tail
52i, 50; bill 18 mm.
Nos. 894, 941. ¥ ¥ ad„ Marnins, 1, 26. vi. 1908.— Wing 76, 78 ; tail 52, 53;
bill 17 mm.
" Iris greyish Ijrown or brown, feet plumbeous or black, naked space roand the
eye yellowish green. Bill black, lower mandilile grey in the females."
Mr. Hoffmanns now sent ns a fine series of this species, which he had discovered
on his first expedition to the Rio Madeira in 1906. Adnlt males have the top of
the head and crest deep black, the back very pale (greyish) olive, and the abdomen
slate-grey with a slight brownish tinge on flanks and crissum. In immature birds
the forehead and crest are more or less mixed with chestnut, and the back as well
•■ lUs 1894, p. 397. f Journ.f. Orn. 1908. p. 512.
( 366 )
as the belly strongly washed with olive- or rnfescent brown. Sometimes a few
narrow, blackish cross-bands are to be seen hero and there on the mantle. The
young male (No. 320) is even more decidedly rnfescent both above and below, with
the forehead and crest nniform dnll chestnut.
Young females differ from adult ones by liaving the npper wing-coverts
distinctly rnsty brown with the black subapical bands ranch narrower, and the
apical margins less defined as well as of a deeper, more cinnamomeous tinge.
A. koffmannm is as yet only known from the right bank of the Rio Madeira.
It is strictly congeneric with A. (/i/miwps (Ridgw.j,* A. cristata (Pelz.),t and
A. berlepschi Snethl., J all of which agree perfectly in structural details, but I do
not see how this group can be separated generically from Anoplops.
[250. Anoplops salvini (Berl.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nor. Zoul xiv. 1907. p. 385 (Hnmaytha).
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Hnmaytha, where Mr. Hoffmanns obtained a
large series on his first jonrney in 1906.]
[251. Anoplops melanosticta (Scl. & Sal v.).
Phhys melaiiosticia Sdater & Salvin, Prne. Znoh Soc. Loud. 1880. p. 160 (1880.— Saraya9a, East
Ecuador), descr. orig. ? .
Anoplops tnflanosticia Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 386. pi. iii. fig. 1 (= (J), descr. ^ J
(Humaytha).
OymnopHhys melanosticta Snethlage, Journ.f. Oniith. 1903. p. 17 (Cachoeii'a, Puriis).
G. puriisianiis Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeltli v. no. 1. p. 59 (1908.— Cachoeira, Funis), descr. (J.
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Hnmaytha. Also obtained at Cachoeira, Rio
Funis, on the Rio Jurua, and near Sarayafu, Eastern Ecuador (type). When
Connt Berlepsch, some years ago, sent me one of the Purus specimens for com-
parison with the type in the British Museum, I at once suggested the probability
of their being male and female of tlie same species. This view has been fully
confirmed by the sexed specimens which Mr. Hoffmanns, shortly afterwards,
forwarded to the Triug Museum. G. purusianus is, therefore, a synonym of
A. melanosticta, the supposed specific characters being those of tlie adnlt male.
An immature male from the Rio Jurn^ (in the Museu Paulista), which I have
lately had an opportunity of inspecting, has the belly very nearly as dark sepia-
brown as the type from Sarayacu.]
252. Rhopoterpe torquata (Rodd.).
Formicarius torqualus Boddaert, Tall. PI. cnl. p. 43 (1783. — based on " Le Fourmillier, de Cayenne "
D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 700. fig. 1 : Cayenne).
Rhopoterpe torquata Pel/.eln, I.e. p. 90 (Borba).
Nos. 954, 956, 963, 991. J J ad. and iram., Maruins, 29, 31. vi., 10. vii. 1908.
"Iris brown, feet greyish brown, bill black."— Wing 91—98; tail 39—41; bill
23—24 mm.
• Rhegmatorhina gi/mriop.1 Eidgway. Pivc. U.S. .Xat. Mun. x, 1887. p. 525 (1888.— Diamantina,
Santarem, right bank of Tapaj6z). Lately rediscovered by Miss Snethlage on the Rio Jamaucbim, a
tributary of the Tapajdz.
t Pitliyn cristata Pekeln, Zur Orn. Brat. ii. p. 166 (1868.— Rio Vaupf, upper Rio Negro).
J Anoplops berlepschi Snethlage, Orn. Uonatsher. xv. p. 162 (1907. — Villa Braga. left bank of the
R Tapaj6z).
( 367 )
Nos. 955, 959, 960, 961, 971, 989, 990. ? ? ad. and imm., Marnins, 29, 30. vi.,
5, 10. vii. 1908. " Iris brown, feet grey or greyish brown, bill black." — Wing
91—99 ; tail 38—42 ; bill 22|— 24 mm.—" Lives on the ground " (W. H.).
The majority of the skins have the apical bands of the upper wing-coverts
rather deeper, more ochraceons l)ntf, than Gaianan specimens ; in immature birds
these edges are much narrower and paler in colour. All examples (of both sexes)
have a pure white band across the inner web of the remiges.
E. torquata has rather a wide range in South America east of the Andes. It is
common in French and British Guiana ; Natterer met with it at Barra do Rio Negro
(= Mandos) and near Borba ; Buckley obtained specimens at Saraya^u, in Eastern
Ecuador ; Linden procured it near Santarem,* and Snethlage near Monte Alegre on
the Amazons,t in Villa Braga, Tapajoz, as well as at Alcobaca, Tocantins.f
In Western Ecuador, Colombia, and Costa Rica no representative of the genns has
as yet been ascertained to occur, though in Nicaragua a very near ally, R. stictoptera
Salvin,|: is met with. It difters by having the pileum much duller, rnfescent
brown with distinct blackish edges to the feathers (instead of nearly uniform deep
rufous brown) ; the upper and under tail-coverts dnll rnfescent brown (not bright
cinnamon-rufons) ; the rectrices dull olive-brown ; the pale band across the inner
web of the remiges and the under wing-coverts bright buff (the latter being, in
R. torquata, banded with black and white), etc., etc. The female, like that of
R. torquata, has the throat and foreneck ferruginous (not black). There are two
S S and one ? from Nicaragua (Matagalpa and Rio Grande) in the Tring Museum.
[253. Phlegopsis nigromaculata nigromaculata (Lafr. & D'Orb.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 388.
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Not obtained on his
second trip.]
254. Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowmani Ridgw.
Phlegopsis hinvmaui (Riker MS.) Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. 1887. p. 524 (1888.— Diamantina
near Santarem, right bunk of Tapajoz) ; Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 513 (Villa Braga,
left bank of Tap.aji57.).
P. nigromaculata (nee Lafr. & Orb.) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 90 (part. : Borba).
Phlegopsis niyrvmaculata boicmuni Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 388 (Borba).
Nos. 26, 60, 65, 230, 313, 376, 385. <SS ad., imm., and jnv., Calama, 12, 17.
vi., 16, 31. vii., 11, 12. viii. 1907. " Iris brown, feet and bill black, naked space
round the eye bright red." — Wing 87 — 94 ; tail 57 — 62 ; bill 20 — 21 mm.
Nos. 43, 55, 62, 69, 266, 558. ? ? ad. and imm., Calama, 14, 17, 18. vi.,
24. viii., 17. ix. 1907. Soft parts as above.— Wing 86—90; tail 57—62; bill
19—21 mm.
Nos. 748, 756. 66 ad., Allianca, 0, 7. xi. 1907.— Wing 91, 92; tail 56, 62;
bill 20 mm.
Nos. 746, 749. ¥ ¥ ad., Allianca, 5, 6. xi. 1907.— Wing 84, 85 ; tail 57, 60 ;
bill 18, 19 mm.
Nos. 976, 994, 1025. 66 ad., 6 imm., Marnins, 6, 10, 16. vii. 1908.— Wing
91—93 ; tail 62—63 ; bill 20 mm.
• Allen, Bull. Essex Inst. viii. 1876. p. 80.
t Joun.f. Orn. 1907. p. 287 ; I.e. 1908. pp. .'J13, 533.
X Midi B. 0. C. i. p. xxxii. (1893.— Santo Domingo, Nicaragua).
( 368 )
No. IOCS. ? ad., Manicor^ (Las Oncas), 20. viii. 1908.— Wing 88 ; tail 59 ;
hill 19i mm.
This large series difters from Teft'i^ and Humajtha specimens of P. rt. nigroma-
culaia in the shape of the black markings on the back, and especially on the npper
wing-coverts, as described bj- rae I.e. p. 388. While, in most specimens, the gronnd-
colour above is brigliter, a tine golden yellowish olive, some examples from Calama
are hardly to be distinguished on this score. The amonnt of white on the bend of
the wing is much greater than in P. n. nigromaculata.
Immatnre birds have the black spots on the nirap less defined and slightly
edged with rnsty, the black colonr below is more restricted, etc. Young birds
{e.g. No. 376) are characterized by the flnfty greater upper wing-coverts having a
broad central streak of black, reaching nearly to the base, bordered on each side by
a distinct cinnamon-rufous margin ; the upper parts, too, are rather rnfescent brown,
and the olive-lirown of the flanks is far more extended.
P. n. howmniii replaces the typical form on the right bank of the Rio Madeira,
ranging eastward to the Tapaj6z, where it apparently occurs on both sides of the
river. I have, however, not yet examined specimens from the type-locality
(Santarem), and therefore cannot vouch for the correct identification of the present
series.
[255. Phlegopsia ei-ythroptera (Gould).
Hellmayr, Nov. Zvol. xiv. 1907. p. .389 (Humaytha).
Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).]
[256. Phlegopsis borbae Hellm.
Hellmajr, I.e. p. 3^9(Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Hoffmanns). It is to lie regretted that Mr. Hoffmanns did
not obtain additional material of this species, of which the type, an immature male,
remains unique in the Tring Museum.]
257. Formicarius colma (Bodd.).
Fniiiucarius Coliiiu Boddaert, Tubl. PI. eiil. p. 44 (1783. — based on " Le Colma, de Cayenne"
D Aubenton, PI. enl. 703. fig. 1 = J ad. : Cayenne) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 390
(Humaytha).
F, nigrifrons Gould.
Nos. 912, 975. SS ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 7. vi., 6. vii. 1908.— Wing 85,
89; tail 53; bill 17, 18 mm.
Nos. 291, 705. {S6), Calama, 29. vii., S. Isabel, 16. x. 1907.— Wing 85, 8";
tail 53 ; bill 18 mm.
Nos. 17, 71. 6 juv., juv., Calama, 10, 18. vi. 19U7.
" Iris brown, feet brown, bill black."
The series is typical of 7". colma, the forehead in the adults being broadly glossy
black. Below, the black extends down over the chest, as is usually the case in
Upper Amazonian specimens, but cf my remarks I.e. It is surprising to find this
species also on the right bank, where we should have expected F. vuficeps amazonicus
alone to occur. This fact suggests their specific distinctness. On his first
expedition in 1900 Mr. Hoflmanns met with F. colma near Humaytha, left bank of
the Madeira.
( 369 )
[258. Formicarius ruficeps amazonicus Hellm.
Cf. Xov. Zool. xiv. p. 390 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffiuanus) ; Eageiiho do Gama, llio Guapore
(Natterer).
F. r. amazonicus differs from the preceding species by having the forehead
cinnamon-rufous like tlie crown. Moreover, the female has the throat black,
with but a few narrow, concealed white shaft-lines. In F. colma ? the lores
and throat are entirelj' white.]
250. Formicarius analis analis (Lafr. & D'Orb.).
.lA'/.i/AcMi II ■(«/(■! Lifresnaye & DOrbiguy, %«. ,lr. i. ia M.tg. Zod. 1837. cl. ii. p. U (1837.—
Yuracari-s, Clii<iuitos, East Bolivia) ; Pelzela, Ztir Oni. Bras. ii. p. 93 (Salto do Girao,
Borba).
Fiirmkarhis <i. mialis Hellmayr, Aho. Znnt. xiv. p. 391 (Humaytba, Borba),
No. 503. <? ad., Calama, 1. i.\-. 191)7.— Wing 88; tail 50; bill 21 mm.
No. 622. (? ad., S. Isabel, 4. x. 1907.— Wing 90 ; tail 55 ; bill 21 mm.
Less rufous on tlie ni)per parts than si)ecimens from the Rio Funis and Par:i,
but not otherwise different. About the geographical variation and range of this
form and its nearest all)', F. a. crissalis, cf Nor. Zool. xiv. pp. 391-2.
200. Grallaria varia varia (Boild.).
Furiiikariwi i-arina Boddaert, Tahl. PI. eiil. p. 4t (1783. — ex D'Aubeaton, PI. enl. 702 :
Cayenne).
No. 47. cT.jun., Calama, 15. vi. 1907. — AVing 114; tail 43; tars. 43; bill
25 mm.
No. 40. ? inim., Calama, 15. vi. 1907.— Wing 120; tail 45 ; tars. 43^ ; bill
24 mm.
" Iris dark brown, feet and bill greyish brown."
Both are immature birds with distinct buff apical spots on the median and
greater wing-coverts, and with dusky subapical cross-bauds on the upper tail-coverts
and rectrices. They differ from two other specimens [ex Cayenne and British
Guiana (Camacusa)] in the following points : the foreneck is paler, olive-browu
(instead of dark chocolate) ; the back lighter and more greenish, with the buff shaft-
lines more clearly defined; the npper tail-coverts and rectrices are much brighter,
clear cinnamon-rufons (instead of dull rufous brown) ; the axillaries and under
wing-coverts paler orange, etc. In other respects they agree closely with the typical
Guianan birds. Until adult specimens come to hand it is impossible to say whether
the Madeira form is separable from varia or not. G. v. cinereiceps Hellm.,* from
the upper Rio Negro, however, is perfectly distinct by its generally much brighter,
oehraceous under parts, clear rufous brown throat and foreneck, etc. The
type in the Vienna Museum is still unique.
G. e. varia is new to the Brazilian fauna.
201. Grallaria brevicauda (Bodd.).
Fiirmioiriii.'i brcoicaiuki, Boddaert, Tnhl. PI. ml. p. U (1783.— 3x D'Aubciiton, PI. enl. TOG. fig. I :
Cayenne).
Grallaria lirevtcauda Pelzeln, !.<: p. 91 (Borba).
Nos. 210, 255. c? ad., c? imra., Calama, 13, 23. vii. 19i)7.— Wing 89, 85 ; tail
41), 41 ; bill 21)^, 19 mm.
* Vcrhamll. Zoi'l. lint. GewlUch. Wicii liii. p. 21S (1903.— .MaiabiUmas, \ippci- Rio \egio).
24
( 370 )
No. 3-21. ? Jan., Calama, 3. viii. lODT.— Wing 85; tail 38 ; bill 10 mm.
" Iris bi-own or blackish, fuet pale grey, bill blaok, below grey."
Specimens I'rom the Rio Madeira (Calama, Borba) and Manaijs (= Barra do Rio
NeTo) are rather more rut'escent brown above than a series from Cayenne, British
GnUina, and Marabitanas (npper Rio Negro), while others from the Jurmi and
Javarri Rivers, and from Peru (Chuchurras, Ilnanuco) have the upper parts paler,
more olivaceons. The latter ajiparently represent G. hircicauda minor Tacz.,*
though the differences in size do not prove to be constant. A larger series is
required to establish the geographical races of G. bre^imtula.
262. Grallaria macixlaria diliita n. sulisp.
[PUIa macularia Temminck, PI. col Genus PUla, 2'""= section, csp. II (1823.—" Bn'sil," crroro !
we substitute Ciii/eiine).]
Grallaria mcicuhina berlejm-hl (aecKeWmiyv 1903!) Snethlage, Orn. Mouh'r. xv. p. lO.j (l',t07.~
Ourem, Rio Guam;!, near Pard).
G. macularia (neo Temminck) Pelzein, /.-■. p. 91 (Rio Negro below Tliomar).
No. 2T2. ? imm., Calama, 20. vii. 190T. " Iris dark brown, feet plumbeous,
bill black, below grey."— Wing 88; tail 36 ; tars. 3.6 ; bill 10 mm.
Similar to G. m. mficdaria of Cayenne and British Guiana, but wing decidedly,
tail slightly longer; sides and flanks very much paler, dull ochreous yellow with
an olive tinge (instead of deep ochraceons).
Tyyueinthe Vienna Mnsenm ; No. 16-14U, i ad., Rio Negro, below Thomar,
December 6, 1830. Collected by J. Natterer.— Wing 80 ; tail 37 ; tars. 35 J ; bill
20 mm.
Mus. Goeldi : S ad., Ourem, Rio Guamil, December 5, lOo;.!. T>/i)e of Ir. m.
berlepschi Snethl.-Wing 90 ; tail 37 ; tars. 37 ; bill 19 mm.
This form had been separated by Miss Snethlage nnder the preoccupied name
G. m. bcrli'pschi. I have examined the original example from Ourem, and found it
perfectly identical with Natterer's bird. The female from Calama, althongii
immature, shows the same differences. In a series of nine specimens of G. m.
macularia from Cayenne and British Guiana the wing varies from 81 to 8(), the tail
from 20 to 3i mm. ; the sides and flanks are invariably deei) ochraceous.
I suspect that the birds from Loretoyacu t and biuitos,^ North Peru, will also
turn out to belong to G. m. dilata, unless they be referable to G.//dviirntri.f Scl. §
The latter species, of which I have seen two specimens, the type and another from
Sarayac.-u, Eastern Ecuador, in the British Museum, differs from G. m. macularia
and G. m. ililuta by lacking the ochreous yellow apical spots to the upper wing-
coverts, and the ochreous edges to the outer primaries and the outermost bastard
quill ; the cheeks and ear-coverts are uniform slaty blackish ; the tail is russet-
brown (instead of brownish olive), the chest deep ochraceons buff like tlie sides
(instead of white) ; furthermore, there is no orange rim round the eye nor any trace
of the black maxillary stripe, etc. In the amount of black spotting on the breast,
as well as in the dark slate-grey cap, it agrees with the macularia gronp.
G. berlepschi Ilelim, |1 resembles G. fulcicciUris in having the chest deep
• J'roc. Ziiol. S.ic. Lnti,/. 1SH2. p. 33 (1S,S2.— Yurimaguas, rem).
■f liartlctt, r./C. /S'. Loud. 1SK2. p. 371: ff. macularia.
I Kclater, Cat. Birih Jlrit. Mia. xv. p. 321 : G. manilaria.
§ Sclatur, P.X.S. Land. -xxvi. \K,K p. fix (183S.— lUo N.-ipo, K;islcrn Ecuador).
II Ycrhandl. /awI. Bat. OcscUsch. Wien liii. p. 218 (1903.— EngouUo do Ciama, llatlogrosso),
( -1 )
oclii'aceoiis biift' like the sides, but may at once be distinguished by the following
characters : the top of the head is jiale broivuish olive like the back (not slate-
grey) ; the cheeks and ear-coverts are light ochreons (instead of slate-blackish) ; the
upper mandible light horu-colour (instead of blackish), etc., etc. Besides tiie type
from Engenho do Gama, Western Mattogrosso, I have examined an adult female and
a young male which were obtained at Bom Lugar, Rio Puri'is, in March 1004, and
are actually preserved in the Para Museum.
20^. Conopophaga melanogaster Mrnutr.
Connpophaga nielaimjasti'r MJac'tritis, Mini. A'-. Sci. St. PitenJi. (l!) i. {Sci. Nat.) p. 5'57. tab. l.i. fig. 2
(18.3.5. — '• prfes de Cuyaba," locality probably erroaeous) ; Pelzjla, Zur Ornith. Br.ii. ii. p. 92
(Borba) ; Hellm.ayr, Xm: Znnl. xiv. p. 22 (Itaituba, RioTapajo/,) ; Soethlage, Jnnni.f. Oniiih.
11)08. p. .014 (Villa Briig:i, Tapajoz).
C. ricihiji Allen, ISull. Ain-r. .l/«-. ii. p. OG (1889.— Reyes on the Rio Bjni, North Bjlivia),
descr. J ■
Nos. 314, ITS. i ad., S vix ail., Calama, 8. vi., 1. viii. 1907. "Iris brown,
feet blnish black or plumbei)us, bill black." — Wing 81, 80; tail 40; tars. 33;
bill 18 mm.
No. (j13. (? iram., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 3. x. 1907. " Iris dark brown, feet
plumbeous, bill black." — Wing 78 ; tail 42 ; bill 17 mm.
No. 993. c? ad., Marnins, 10. vii. 1908. " Iris dark brown, feet dark grey, liijl
black."— Wing 80 ; tail 42 ; tars. 32 ; bill 18 mm.
No. OoS. ? ad., Maruins, 30. vi. 1908. "Iris brown, feet jilumbeous, bill
black."— Wing 79 ; tail 42 ; tars. 32 ; bill 17J mm.
Adult males have the lower surface down to the anal region deep black, the
flanks and nnder tail-coverts light rufescent brown mottled with ashy. In immature
males the middle of the abdomen is cinereous mixed with whitish, the feathers of
the breast show narrow, greyish edges, and the greater upper wing-coverts are
dusky tipped with cinnamomeous (instead of being uniform chestnut-rufous).
The female had not been properly described until Dr. J. A. Allen received the
type of C. rush)/i. His description agrees minutely with the female sent by
Mr. Hoffmanns, and three others obtained by Natterer near Borba.
C. mclanoga.iti'r, by far the finest species of the genus, is only known from the
Rio Madeira and its tributaries (Rio Beni, R. Blachados), and from the left bank of
the Tapajoz (Itaituba, Villa Braga). The original locality "Cuyaba" reiiuires
confirmation.
204. Conopophaga aurita (G:u.).
Turdm aurilns Gmelin, %.</. Nat. 1. ii. p. 827 (1783.— e.'c D'Aubenton, PI. enl. .822 : Caycum-).
No. 7.'Jl. iS imm., Alliaiica, 0. xi. 19tl7. "Iris brown, feet greyish bhu-k, liiil
black."— Wing (59 ; tail 34 ; tars. 2(i ; liill 13i mm.
This bird agrees with others from Eastern Ecuador and Western Brazil
(Rio Javarri) in having the middle of the belly buify, and the sides to a large
extent deciiledly rufescent brown. Cf. Menegaux k Ilollmayr, IJull. Mas. Paris xi.
No. 0 (published January 1900) p. 374.
I e.xpect that the birds from Amazonia (Eastern Ecuador, Northern Peru, and
North Brazil) will prove to be separable from the typical race, but I should like to
pxapiine a better series from Cayeuue before proposing a name.
( 372 ) •
265. Coi7thopis torquata anthoides (Pucb.).
[Corythopis torqmla Tschudi, Arch. X'llurg. 10. i. p. '279 (1844.— Peru).]
Muscicapa niitho'ides Pucheran, Arrh. Mia. Paris vii. p. 3.'!i (1855. — Cayenne).
Corythopis foitfio'V/cs Pelzeln, /.<•. p. 'i'l (Borba).
C. I. aiilhoitks Hellmayr, Xi,r. Z„„l. xiv. 1007. p. 392 (Humaytha).
No. 442. cf ad., Calama, 13. viii. 1907.— Wing 69 ; tail 52 ; Itili 14 mm.
No. 560. ? ad., Jamarjsiuho, 17. ix. 1907.— Wing — ; tail 50; bill 14 mm.
No. 034. c? ad., Maruias, 10. vi. 19U8.— Wing 6Gi ; tail 53i ; bill 14J mm.
No. 021. (?) ad., Maruins, 10. vi. 1008.— Wing 04; tail oO ; bill 14 mm.
" Iris brown or greyisb brown, feet grey, bill black, lower mandible yellowish
grey or flesh-colour."
All the specimens have the top of the head warm brown like the back, not
slate-grey. t'f. Berlepsch & Hellmayr, Joixnt. f. OniHh. 10(i5. p. 17.
According to Mr. lioft'manns, this bird fre(iuents thickets in the primeval forest
and keeps near the ground.
200. Liosceles thoracicus thoracicus (Scl.).
Ptemiitiii-liiis ihiiraciciis Sclater, Pmr. ZwA. .S',«'. LoiuL, Nov. 181)4. p. GOD. pi. -vxxviii. (I8G5. —
'■ Salto do Girao, on the left bank of the Rio Madeira") : Pelzeln, Zur Orii. Bras. i. !8ri7.
p. 46 (Salto do Girao, Borba).
No. 774. c? ad., AUianca, 9. xi. 1907.— Wing 73 ; tail 80 ; tars. 20 ; bill 1 7 mm.
No. 214. c? imm., t'alaraa, lo. vii. IU07. — 'Wing 72 ; tail 78 : tars. 26i ;
bill 16i mm.
Nos. 215, 803. ?? fere ad., Calama, 13. vii. 1007; Allianca, 27. .\i. r.in7.—
Wing 73; tail 70, 81 ; tars. "JO ; bill 17 mm.
" Iris greyish brown or brown, feet brown, bill black, lower mandible yellowish
grey."
The adult male has the pileum and nape smoky grey ; the back rnsset-brown,
the mantle paler and more olive ; the innermost flanks and the under tail-coverts
washed with rnfesccnt brown. In immature birds the upper parts are of a deeper,
more chestnut brown, the pileum and nape tinged with brownisji ; the sides of
breast and abdomen are more strongly suiFased with rusty brown, and the feathers
of the throat show more or less distinct dusky edges. Moreover, the young male
(No. 214) has the rump and upper tail-coverts conspicuously barred or streaked
with black, and the edges to the uj)per wing-coverts of a brighter, more ciuua-
momeous tinge.
All of the specimens have the foreneck extensively sulphur-yellow with a
number of dull orange-red spots. The rectrices are blackish, edged with dull
rufous brown edges along the basal half of tlie outer web. The upper mandible
is black, the lower one, with the exception of the tomiae, horny white.
L. t. thoracicus appears to inhabit both banks of the Rio Madeira. Nattercr
met with it at Salto do Girao, on the left side, as well as at Borba, on the right
bank, where I\lr. Ilolfmanns also obtained his examples. No other specimens are
on record. A nearly allied form, L. tlioracictis erithacus Scl.,* however, occurs in
Eastern Ecuador, where it was discovered by the late U. Buckley. It merely
differs by its rather stronger bill, and by lacking the sulphur-yellow tinge on
the foreneck, the latter being spotted with dull orange-red on a pure white
ground.
• Liofcch^ rrithacm Sclatur, Cat. Bir/7\ lirif. .Vnit. xv. p. 315 (1800. — Siiri»ya<;.n, Eastern Ecua«lur).
( -T3 )
2GT, Threnetes leucurus (Linn.).
Trnehihis leiwurii.i Linnaeus, .S'ysi. Nal. xii. 1. p. I'.ll) (170li.— based on Edwards, Glenn. A\U. /fist.
p. 99. pi. 256. fig. sup. : Surinam).
T/ifC)irlfs leucurus Hellmajr, Nor, Zool. xiv. p. ?i^i (Huraaytlia, Pavaiso).
No. 9. S vi.\: ad., Oalama, 0. vi. 1907.— Wing 63 ; tail 37 ; bill 28 mm.
Nos. 860, 879, SSO. S S m\., Marmellos, 2."), 29. xii. 1907.— Wing 01—62;
tail 35—36 ; bill 30 mm.
No. 01. ? imm., Calama, 17. vi. 1907. — Wing uO ; tail 33 mm.
Nos. 842, SCO. ?? ad., Marmellos, 21, 24. xii. 1907.— Wing .55, 50; tail
32, 32,V ; bill 30 mm.
" Iri.s lilack, fuct groyish pink, bill black, lower mandiblo greyish with
dnsky tip."
The light portions of the outer tail-feathers are pure white as in topotypical
Surinam examples, from which I am unable to separate the Madeira series.
T. leucurus, besides occnrring in French, Dutch, and British Guiana, is also widely
distributed in Amazonia. Mr. Hoffmanns obtained it at various places on the
]{io Madeira, as well as near Teffe, Rio Solimoens (cf. Xoc. Zool. xiv. ]). 74).
268. Glaucis hirsuta (Gm.).
Trnrhihis Jiirsutiis Onielin, Si/sl. Nal- 1. i. p. 490 (1788. — ex Brisson : ex llarcgrave : "Brasilia,"
sc. Eastern Brazil).
Glat/r/^ hfrsiffa Hellmayr. l.r. p. 1592 (Huniaytha, Borba).
Nos. 758, 29. cJ ad., juv., Calama, 12. vi., 10. i\-. 190T.— c?ad.: wing 60;
tail 39 mm.
Nos. 649, 651, 097. cJ c? ad., S. Isabel, 0, 15, 16. x. 1907.— Wing 63; tail
41 — 43 mm.
No. 051. ? ad., S. Isabel, 9. x. 1907.
Nos. 840, 841, 801, 862, 864, 865, 867, 869. (?c? ad. et imm., Marmellos, 21,
25, 26. xii. 1907.
Nos. 839, 861, 876. ? ? ad., ? juv., Marmellos, 21, 24, 27. xii. 1907.
The females are dull cinnamomeous below, with the middle of the belly white,
while the males are much darker and strongly suffused with grey.
269. Phoethornis ochraceiventris Hellm.
Plwelhoruis affinis ochraceireulris Hellmayr, Bull. B. 0. C. xi\. p. 54 (1007. — Humaytlia).
P. nchraceiveutris Hellmayr, Ndv. Zonl. xiv. p. 393 (Humaytha, Teffi').
No. 7. ? ad., Calama, 9. vi. 1907. " Iris blackish, feet greyish brown, bill
black, below red." — Wing 59 ; rectr. med. 71, subraed. 40, exf;. 28 ; bill 36 mm.
Compared with the type, this bird is smaller with a shorter bill, and the
colour of the foreneck and chest duller, brownisji buff, the abdomen and under
tail-coverts alone being briglit ochraceous buff. The edges to the outer rectrices
are, however, clear cinnamon as in the Teffe and Humaytha specimens.
The species ranges from the Madeira Valley to Teffe, on the Soliraoens.
270. Phoethornis hispidus hispidus ((iould).
TrnrhHux (?) h;.y,;,t,iA fiould, Priir. /.„„l. Sol: Loud. xiv. 184G. p. 90 (1846.—'- Peru ? " erroro ! the
type was obtained in Bolivia by Bridges ; of. Mnuoi/r. Trorhil. i. pi. 22).
Phacthornis hispidus Hellmayr, Non. Zool. xiv. p. 394 (Humaytha, Borba).
Nos. 434, 628. S ad., t? imm., Calama, 2U. viii. 1907 ; 8. Isabel, Uio Preto,
5. X. 1907.— Wing 59 : tail 04, 61 ; bill 32, 33 mm.
( 374 )
Nos. 191, 242, CC3, CC4, r,::!. ? ? a.l, Ciilaraa, S, 10. vii. 1907 ; S. Isabel,
lo, 11. X. 1907.— Wing 52—50; tail (iO— G4 ; bill 30—32 mm.
Nos. 7(17, 807. ? ¥ ad., Allianca, S, 30. xi. 1007.— Wing 54, 53 ; bill 30 mm.
No. 852. S ad., Marmellos, 23. xii. 19i)7.— Wing 57 ; tail 04; bill 32 mm.
Nos. 825, 831, 843, 852, 878. ? ? ad. et imm., Marmellos, IS, 10, 21, 23, 28.
xii. 1007.— Wing 32—53 ; tail 57—01 ; bill 30—31 mm.
" Iris and feet blaok, bill blaclc, below yellowish green."
The birds from the Rio Madeira are perlcctly similar to topotypical specimens
from Bolivia (Salinas, Beni ; Guarayos) and others from Pern (Samiria, Sarayafn).
The edges to the upi)er tail-coverts and feathers of the rnmp are hoary or whitish
in the adnlts, while they are decidedly bnff in the iiortliern race, 1'. hispidus
rillosus Lawr.,* oci'nrring in Bogota collections, on the Upper Orinoco (Nericagna),
etc.
271. Phoethornis philippii (Bonrc).
Trochilus jiliilippii Bourcier, Ann. Sue. Agrir. Lyon x. p. 023 (1847. — " Bolivia '').
Phoethornis philippii Hellmayr, Xoi: Zonl. xiv. p. 394 (Humaytha, Borba).
No. 237. c? ad., Calama, 18. vii. 1907.— Wing 02 ; med. reetr. 04, submed. 38,
ext. 30 ; bill 32 mm.
No. 235. ? imm., f'alama, 18. vii. 1007. — Wing 58; med. rectr. GO, submed. 30,
ext. 25 ; bill 33 mm.
No. 542. Adult, Jamarysinho, 13. ix. 1007. — AVing 04; mod. rectr. 07, snbmed.
38, ext. 28 ; bill 35^ mm.
No. 708. ? ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907.— Wing 58 ; med. rectr. 04 ; bill 32 mm.
Nos. (not nnmbered). S ad., cJ vix ad., Calama, 10, 12. ix. lOoS.— Wing 03, 59 ;
med. rectr. 04, 60, submed. 38, 30, ext. 29, 25 ; bill 33, 31 mm.
" Iris brown or black, feet black, bill black, lower mandible (except tip) red
or yellowish red."
The immature female (No. 235) has the bill slightly decurved. To the range
given in Soi: Zool. xiv. p. 395 the above localities are to be added, as also
Cachoeira, Rio Purns, whence Miss Snethlagef has lately recorded a single
specimen. ]'. philippii, until recently a very rare bird in collections, appears to be
widely distributed in Brazilian Amazonia, from the Solimoens to the Madeira
Valley.
272. Phoethornis ruber ruber (Linn.).
Tnu-hilns riiher Linnaeus, Si/sl. Nat. x. p. 121 (1758.— ex Eawards, Oniith. i. p. 'ii. pi. 32. fig. sup. :
Surinam) ; of. .Vor. Zuul. xiii. p. 375.
/'. ruber ruber Hellmayr, A'oc. Zuol. xiv. p. 305 (Humaytha).
Phaetornis Daridiunus Pelzeln, l.r. p. 27 (Borba).
No. 8. Juv., Calama, 0. vi. 10o7.— Wing 32 ; tail 32 ; bill 2(i mm.
No. 183. ? , Calama, 7. vii. 1907.— Wing 33 ; tail 32 ; bill 21 mm.
No. 920. cJ juv., Marnins, 12. vi. 1908.— Wing 33 ; tail 34 ; bill 22 mm.
" Iris black, feet yellow, bill black, lower mandible yellowish green, tip
(8 to 9 mm.) black."
The three specimens are in the "ercmitu" ]ilnmag(', with pointed rcctrices
• J'hart'iitnus villoma Lawrjnce, Ann. I.ijc. Xat. Hist. .V. Y,nli \i. [i. ^O-i (,1S.'kH.— Eiuailor ; Santi
Vi lie Hogola).
t Journ.f. Orn. 1908. p. 18.
( 375 )
with long, cinnamoii-i'iif'diis t.i[)s. Tliey ai;ive porlectly with Cayenne skins io
corresiJOuding phimage.
273. Campylopterus obscurus aequatorialis Gonltl.
[Campylopleriis ohscnrus Gould, I'i-d.'. Zuul. .Si/c. Loud. xvi. 1818. p. 13 (1848. — ■■ River Amazon,"
9C. Pard).]
C. (lequntorialis Gould, Introd. Tmcliiliil, p. 54 (1801. — '■ neigh1)ourhooil o£ Quito ").
Nos. 38, 13"). (?!?ad., C'alama, 13, 30. vi. 1907.— Wing 70, 74; tail 7)0;
bill 26|, 211 mm.
Nos. 023, 007. S ad., S imm., S. Isabel, 4, 10. x. 1907.— AVing 77, 73; tail
49 ; bill 20, 25 mm.
No. 804. S ad., Allianca, 27. xi. 1907.— Wing 74 ; tail 50^ ; bill 24| mm.
No. 881. c? imm., Marmellos, 29. xii. 1907.— Wing 77 ; tail 50; bill 27 mm.
No. 979. cf ad., Maruins, 9. vii. 1908.— Wing 75 ; tail 51 ; bill 27^ mm.
" Iris, feet, and bill black, base of lower mandible red."
The Marmellos bird and the immature male from S. Isabel are practically
identical with Peruvian and Napo examples. The others have the apical spots to
the outer rectrices more greyish, thereby approaching the eastern C. o. olscitrus
(cf. Noc. Zool. xiii. p. 375), but the pale tips are more extended, especially on the
penultimate and third pair, than in the latter race.
C. 0. aequatorialis is new to the Brazilian fauna. Its occurrence on the banks
of the Rio Madeira is not surprising, for it was for a long time known as an
inhabitant of North-Eastern Bolivia. The Tring Museum possesses a series obtained
by Mr. Maxwell Stnart at Gnanay and San Augustin, on the Upper Beni, and, in
the British Museum, there is a couple from Mapiri, Buckley coll.
[274. Eupetomena macroura macroura (Gm.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. ZmA. .\iv. p. .S95 (Humaytha).
Humaytha (Hoflmanns).]
[275. Florisuga mellivora (Linn.).
Cf. Pelzoln, I.e. p. 30 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, I.e. p. 305 (Humaytha, Borba).
Humaytha, left bank (HolFiuanns) ; Borba, right bank (Natterer, Hoffmanns).]
[270. Agyrtria fimbriata fimbriata (Gm.).
Trochiluts fimhrkdus Gmelin, Sijsl, Nul. 1. i. p. 493 (1788. — ex Bri.sson, Oni. iii. p. TOO. No. 7. pi. 3i).
fig. 2 : Cayenne) ; cf. Berlepsch, Nor. Znnl. xv. 1908. p. 200.
Agyrtria albiventri.i albiventris (Less.) ; Hellmayr, I.e. p. 395 (Borba).
Riglit bank : Borba (Hoffmanns).
This is the most southerly record for the species. Farther south, on I lie banks
of the Rio Guapore (Engenho do Gama), Natterer met with A. Jimbriuta Hiijricauda
(Ell.). See Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. pp. 74-5.]
[277. Hylocharjs sapphirina sapphirina (Gm.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nnr. Znol. xiv. p. 3'.i5 (Borba).]
Right bank : Borba (Hoffmaims).]
(37C )
27.\ Chlorestes notatus (lieich).
Trurhilus uoIiiIks Rvich, M(ir/azi„ ile.i TJiU-nvirlis (Evhngen) 1. iii. p. 1211 (170').— based on Uicliard
& Bernard, Cat. Ois. em: de Cayenne im- M. U Blwu! in Act. Sac. Ilhl. Xal. Pmix 1. i. 17tl2.
p. 117. No. 48 : Cayenne).
/fi/loeJiurix coenilea Pelzeln, I.e. p. '^3 (Boiba).
Clilnreates earrulois Hellmayr, I.e. p. 30(i (Ilumajtha).
Nos. 080, rOl. a ail., S. I.sal)el, 10. .x., l'.'. .k. l!)o7. - "Win" 40—50 • fail -.n ■
bill 16, 17 mm.
Nos. OOo, 660, 672, 690, Tu2. Jc? jnv., ? ?, S. Isabel, 10, 11, 15, 10. x. 1907.
Nos. S17, 818, 845, 808. (JJ ad., Marmellos, 10, 17, 21, 2."). sii. 1007.— Win"
49—50 ; tail 29—30 mm. °
Nos. Sl.j, 823. (? juv., ?, Marraollos, 10, 18. xii. 1908.
"Iris and feet black, bill black, below red or greyish red."
279. Thalurania balzani E. Sim.
Thiilui-ania hal-.ani'E. Simon, Nov. Zool. iii. p. 2J9 (IS'Ji;.— " Yungas de Bolivie") ; Hellmayr, /..■.
xiv. 1907. p. :!'.IG (Borba) ; Snethlage, ./o«c«./. Omith. 1908. p. 514 (Campinho, Villa Braga :
left bank of Tapajoz).
T. f.ircnla fiircnlnkles (nee Gould) Hellmayr, Xoi: Z,,,!. xW. 1907. p. 24 (Itaituba, left bank of
Tapaj<)z).
No. 107. S perad., t'alama, 2.5. vi. 1907.— Wing 52 ; tail 32 ; bill 19i mm.
Nos. 131, 138, 4.59, 471, 472. Jt? fere ad. et irnm., Calama, 29, 30. vi", :^0, 27.
viii. 1907.— Wing 51—53; tail 31—32 ; bill 18—20 mm.
Nos. 650, 674, 698. c? vix ad., tJc? imm., S. Isabel, Hio I'reto, 9, 11, 1.5. x.
1907.— Wing 50—53 ; tail 31—32 ; bill 20 mm.
No. 4.5{). c? jnv., Calama, 20. viii. 1907.— Wing 54; tail 31 ; bill lOA mm.
No. 031. c? ad., Maruins, R. Machados, 14. vi. 1908.— Wing 53'; tail 32;
bill 20| mm.
Nos. 15, 692. ? ? ad., Calama, 8. Isabel, 10. vi., 13. x. 1907.- Wing 40, 51 ;
tail2S; bill 10, 20 mm.
Nos. 010, 057. ? ? ud., Marnins, 9, 20. vi. 1908.— Wing 49, oO ; tail 20, 30 ;
bill 20 mm.
No. 808. ? ad., Allianca, 30. xi. 1907.— AVing 49 ; (ail 28.', ; bill 19 mm.
"Iris, bill, and feet black."
Identical with specimens from Eastern Bolivia (Beni River). The males have
the under tail-coverts pare white, and in fully adult birds the interscapular region
when viewed from in front looks very dark, almost blackish. The form found on
the left bank of the Kio Tapajoz is likewise 'J'. Iinl:aiii. The females taken at
Itaituba by 3Ir. Holfmanns were erroneously determined as T. f. furcatoules, but
Miss Snethlage has lately obtained, in the same region, an adnlt male. T. sii/wni
Hellm., from Teffe, Kio Solimoens, while agreeing with 7'. balzani in the small
size, in the dark coloration of the interscapulium, etc., diflers at a glance by having
the nnder tail-coverts steel-black with white edges. Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1007.
pp. 77-8.
The range of T. balzani is as follows : —
Eastern Bolivia: Salinas, Reyes (Maxwell Stuart; Tring Mu.seum). Central
Brazil, Amazonia: Calama, 8. Isabel, Borba, Allianca, Rio Madeira; Maruins,
Rio Machados (Hoffmanns) ; Itaituba (Hoffmanns), Campinho, Villa Braga (Sneth-
lage), left bank of Rio Tapajoz.
( 377 )
[2S0. Authracothorax uigricollis nigricollis (Vieill,).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nm: Zuut. xiv. p. :!ilC (Hum.ij'thn).
Hnmaytha (Hoftmanns).]
281. Psilomycter theresiae theresiae (Da Rilva).
Ominiiti/a theresiae Da Silva, Miwrra Iira:il. 1" Xov. 184:). p. 1 (1843.— Pant) ; cf. H. & R. Ilioring,
vis Aves do Brazil p. 42G.
Psilomycter t. theresiae Hellmayr, Nor. Zonl. xiy. p. .390 (Humaytha, Borba).
Nos. 675, 700. ? imm., imm. (not sexed), S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 11, 25. .x.
1907.— Wing 531 ; tail 31, 32^ ; bill 19, 20 mm.
"Iris and feet blaclc, bill blaclc, base of lower mandible red."
The birds from the Itio Madeira agree with tlie typical race described from
Para.
1'. t. tlicresiae (Da Silva) inhabits Cayenne, Snrinara, British Guiana, tlio wholu
of Lower Amazonia from Para west to Manilos (Barro do Rio Negro), and the
banks of tlie Madeira and Tajiajoz Rivers. Natterer's series from Manaos agrees
in every respect with Guiauau examples.
P. t. leucorrlious (Scl. & Salv.) * replaces it on the npper Rio Negro (Cobati
[Wallace], Marabitanas [Natterer]), and in Eastern Peru (Xeberos, etc.).
282. Heliothrix auritus auriculatus (Nordm.).
[Tro::hilus auritus Gmelin, Si/sl. Xnl. 1. i, p. 493 (1788. — ex Brisson : C'.ayenae).]
T. fl»Wci(/!i7/is Nordmann io Ermau'-s Reise, Natiirhist. Alia': p. 5. pi. ii. fig^i. 1, :i = (J ? (1835.^
Eio de Janeiro ; cf. oji. ell. p. v.).
No. 132. t? vi.x; ad., Calama, 20. vii. 1907. '-Iris, feet, and bill black."—
Wing 67 ; rectr. med. 48, ext. 3.j ; bill ISA mm.
Agrees with South Brazilian skins except that the bill is very slightly longer-
The median portion of the throat and foreneck is white, while a small chin-spot and
a liroad stripe along each side of the throat are glittering golden green. The bird still
retains the narrow pointed tail-feat liers of the juvenile plumage, with a distinct
bluish black bar near the base of the three outer pairs, but in other respects it
is adult.
New to the fauna of the Rio Madeira. Kalinowski had obtained it in the
(Jhanchamayo district of Central Peru, f
[283. Popelairea langsdoffi melanosternon (Could) [?].
[Trochilus Lang.idoffi (sic) Vieillot, Tabl. eitc. meth. ii. p. 574 (1822.— " Bre'sil" ; wo fix Rio de
Janeiro as type locality).]
Gonldia melaiio«leriioii CxonM, Ann. .Ua.r/. Nal. IIi^t.{X) i. p. .328 (1808.— Peru).
a. Laiir/sdnrfii Pelzeln, l.i: p. 32 (Ribeirao).
Rio Madeira : Ribeirao (Natterer).
Although the specimen does not any longer exist in the Vienna Museum, the
birds of the Madeira district are more probably referable to the Upper Amazonian
race than to the typical form, which appears to be restricted to East Brazil
(Bahia to S. Panloj.]
• Polytmri.1 Iciicnrrhiois Sclatcr & Salvin, rroc. Zmil. Sac. Lonil. ISC,;, p. .■)S4 (18117.- Cobati, Uio
Kegio).
f Berlepsch & Stolzmaiin, Proc. /.oitl. Soc. I.oul. Il>n2. p. 2S.
( 378)
[281. Chaetura cinereiveutris sclateri IVlz.
[Cliaelura cinereireiUris Sclater, Citl. Cull. Aiuei: Dirtli p. '2i3 (18G'2. — ex WieJ ami Burmeister :
Bahia).]
C. ScUUerl Pelzeln, Ziir Oni. Ilni.-i. i. pp. 10, oC (18G7.— Borba).
Borba (Natterer). AV'idely distribntod in Upper Aiuii/.oiiia, but not recorded
from an}- locality east of the Madeira Valley. (T. my acconat iu Vi'iIhiikU.
Oniitli. Ges. Bayern viii. lOoS. p. 157.]
[285. Chaetura spinicauda spinicauda (Teiuni ).
C///).«»'/«s s/«H'«i«</«< Temmiack, 7'iiW. mith. PI. ml, p. 57 (18.59. — based on D'Aubcnton, PI. cnl.
720. fig. 1 : Cayenne).
Cliuelura cinereiveutris (aec Sclater) Pelzeln, I.e. ]i, li! ([)art. : Borba, Panl).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
This species is chiefly found in the Guianas, bnt iu Eastern Brazil it ranges
as far sonth as Bahia. Cf. Hellraayr, Verhanill. Ornilh. (it'.scllseh. Bayern viii.
1'jOS. pp. I.jS-00.]
[280. Claudia squamata (Cass.).
C'l/pnehis sqiiamaliix Ca.ssin, Proc. Acail. \. Sci. Phihiil. vi. p. 309 (1853. — British Guiana) ; Pelzeln,
I.e. p. 10 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).]
287. Chordeiles rupestris (Spix).
Ciiprimulguis rtipeslrix Spi-'c, Ar. Brits, ii. p. i. pi. ii. (1825. — " in insulis petrosis fl. Xlgri '') ; Pelzeln,
/.''. p. 14 (Rio Guapore, das Pedras, Rio Maniore, etc.).
Nos. r)44, 598, — . t?c? ad., Jauiarysiaho, 20, 27. i.\. 10ii7.— Wing 100—172 ;
tail 88—99 ; bill 7—8 mm.
Nos. 595, 590, 599. ? ? ad., Jamarysinho, 20, 27. i.\-. 1007.— Wing 155-100 ;
tail 87, 89, 100 ; bill 7— 7i ram.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
The males agree perfectly with the tyjiical examples in the Munich Museum.
The females ditfer in the decidedly more rufescent bufl;' ground-colour of the upper
parts, and by having the white portion of the outer reetrices more or less blotched
and banded with black. I'eruvian skins are somewhat darker above, but the
difference is insignificant.
According to the observations of Mr. Hoffmanns, these birds breed in large
numbers on the sandy beach of the river (" Pleya "). Two clutches consisting each
of two eggs were taken on September 27, 1907. They are thickly marliled and
spotted with pale brown and lavender-grey on a pale buff or greyish wiiite ground,
and measure 20 x 20, 27 x 20, 28 x 10). mm. The egg is well figured in Cat.
Kijtjs Brit. .Mils. ill. ])1. i. fig. 5.
288. Nyctiprogne leucopyga (Sj)i.\).
CiiprimnliiHs !riu-iij>i//iiis Spi.x, Ar. Jlra<. ii. p. .1. pi. iii. fig. 2 (1.S25. — " ,a.l litoia sylvestria fl.
Amazonum ").
Luriiimlis hncnpijfja Pelzeln, l.r. p. 14 (Cidade de Mattogrosso).
No. 113. i ad., Calama, 20. vi. 1007. " Iris dark brown, feet dusky grey, bill
black."— Wing 135; tail 95; bill 5 mm.
A perfectly adult male with the upper jiarts nearly uniform bhicldsh, the
( 3?9 )
rnfescent bnfT marlciiig-s being reduced to minnte dots .and some obsolete wav}' lines.
Natterer's female I'rom Mattogrosso is rather large (wing 150; tail 105 mm.), but;
in coloration it does not differ from Venezuelan and Rio Negro e.^amples.
289. Podager nacunda (Vieill.).
Caprimulgus nacunda VieiUot, Nunw Diet. x. p. '240 (1817. — ex Azara : Paraguay).
Podager nacunda Pelzein, I.e. p. 15 (Borba).
No. 887. ¥ ad., Calama, IS. iv. 1908. " Iris dark brown, feet grey, bill
greyish black."
290. Lurocalis semitorquatus uattereri (Temm.).
[Caprinudgim semitorquatus Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 10,'il (17S9. — ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 734 :
Cayenne).]
C. naltereri Temmiuck, P/. r»/. livr. 18. pi. 107 (1822. — " Bre'sil," coll. Natterer — we fix Ypanema,
S. Paulo, as type locality).
No. 81. ? al., Calama, 20. vi. lOUT. "Iris black, feet vellowisb grey, bill
black."
This form is much larger than L. s. ^cmitorqu'itit.^, from North-Eastern South
America, but does not differ in coloration. It ranges from Para and Mamios
southward to S. Paulo and Parana (Curitil>a), while typical L. s. semitorquatm
dwells in the Guiauas, in the island of Trinidad, and on the upper Bio Negro
(Rio Ifanna).
Tiie subjoined table of measurements shows the ditfereuccs in size : —
(ji) L. s. scinitofijii(ttu.i (lira.).
One adult, Cayenne . . . . . . . . .17
One S ad., Chaguanas, Trinidad ....
Two ? ? ad., Chaguanas, Trinidad ....
One ¥ ad., Rio Icauna, Natterer coll., Vienna Mus. .
{b) L. s. nattercri (Temui.).
One adult male from S. Paulo (Ypanema)
Five adult females from S. Paulo .....
Three adults from Rio do Janeiro .....
One adult from Bahia .......
One female from Calama, Rio Madeira ....
One adult male from Para ......
One female from I'aril . . . . . _ .
One adult female from Manaos .....
N.B. — The Manaos s])ocimen is fully as large as others from S. Paulo, while the
birds from Bahia, Calama, and Para average rather smaller.
[291. Hydropsalis torquata (Om.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zooh xiv. p. ?>'}C, (Ilumaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Natterer obtained this South Brazilian apcoics, according to Von Pelzein,*
* Orn. Bras. i. p. II.
Wing
Tail.
. 177
92 mm.
. 174
84 „
. 178
77, 83 „
. 178
82 „
Wing.
Tail.
20 i
95 mm.
195—215
88—100 mm,
198—215
89—95 „
196
84
1S7
93
193
87
183
82
202
91
( 380 )
noar Santaivin, n Imiility still liU'tluT to tlie iiortli tliaii Hiimaytlui. On tlie
banks of the llio (inapore occurs tlio very distinct, //. fnrcifcv (Vieill.) {pnllriicciis
Pel..).]
[2'.i'2. Hydropsalis climacocercus (Tsch.).
Capri muhpix cV inarnreri-iis Tsnhudi, Arrh. Xiiliinj. 10. i. p. lii'j'.l (1844,— Pei'ii).
ITtitlropmlis ti'ifiimila Pelzeln, /.'■. p. 11 (Banancira, Borl)a).
Kill JIatleira : Bananeira, Borba (Nat-terer).
Widely distrilmtcd in Amazonia.]
2'.t3. Nyctidromus albicoUis albicollis ((Jm.).
Caprhniilgus ulbicnIUs Omelin, Si/xt. Xal. 1. ii. p. 10.311 (17>iil.— e.'; Latham : Cayenne).
Xi/clitlroiriun i/iiiiiifiixi.i Pelzeln, I.e. p. 1?) (Borba).
Nos. SOO, 403. rjf? ad., Calama, 3(i. vii., 2(5. viii. I'.tiiT.—Wing 1.V2, ].")ii ; tail
1511, u: mm.
Nos. :3:5, 733. ? ? ad., t'alama, 11. viii., 2'.». x. I'.mT.- Wing l."JO— l.J2; tail
150 mm.
No. 489. ? imra., Calama, 3U. viii. 1907.— Wing 141 ; tail 120 mm.
" Iris dark brown, feet grey, bill dark grey or black."
Agreeing with specimens from Cayenne, Venezuehi, and Trinidad.
Mr. Hoffmanns reports that this bird lays a single egg on the ground amidst
dry leaves and grasses. One egg, taken at Calama, October 14, 1907, is pinkish
bnff, indistinctly spotted with pale reddish brown and underlying lavender-grey.
Another egg is mnch brighter ])ink, with the reddish spots more numerous, bat
with very little lavender-grey. They measure 29-75 x 20-50 and 30 x 21-5it mm.
294. Caprimulgus ocellatus Tscb.
Oipr'imnhjns oirll'iliis Tscbudi, Ardi. Natiirg. 10. i. p. '2G8 (1844.— Peru).
No. 575. ? , Jamarysinho, 20. ix. 19o7. "Iris black, feet greyish brown, bill
black."— AVing 120; tail 115; bill 9i mm.
Compared with several skins from Bahia and Ypanoma (S. Paulo) this bird is
of a brighter rufous brown, bnt the markings are the same. Topotypical Peruvian
specimens are not available for examination.
('. rosenbcnji Hart.,* from Western Colombia and N.W. Ecuador, is very
nearly allied to C. ocellatus, and, like it, has no white cross-bar on the reiniges.
How(;ver, the general colour is blackish, the white apical margin to the rectrices
is much narrower, there are no cinnamomeous marginal spots on the outer web of
the primaries, while, on the other hand, each of tlio innermost greater wing-
coverts has a large, rounded white apical spot.
[205. Caprimulgiis maculicaudus (Lawr).
Cf, Hellmayr, X„r. ■/.„„}. .xiv. p, :1!I7 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
A single adult female was taken in September 1000. In the paper cpioted
above I have given so.oie notes about the distribution of the species.]
• Bull. Brit. Orn. CI. v. p. x. (181)5.-l!io Dagua, W, Colombia).
( 381 )
[■^yo. Caprimulgus parvulus Gould.
Caprimulgusjmri'uliis Gould, Pnu-. Zotil. Sue. LdiuI. v. 18j7. p. 22 (1837. — no locality, Darwin coll.;
the type was from the " Parani'i, near Santa F^ " ; cf. Voijarje of the Beagle, Birds, p. 37).
Steiiajma parmil't Pelzeln, I.e. p. 12 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Natterer's female, August 3, 1830, agrees in every respect with tyj)ical
examples from near Ocampo, Parana, Argentine.
C. pamdus has a wide range in South America. Natterer obtained it at
numerous localities in Brazil, and H. H. Smith near Chapada, Mattogrosso. Connt
Berlepsch possesses an adult male, picked out from a largo lot of Bahia trade
skins, and a female taken by Mr. W. A. Schulz at Paricatnba, Lower Amazons,
etc., etc.]
297. Caprimulgus nigrescens Cab.
Gqmmulijux iiiijresixiis Cabanis in Schomburgk, 7f(7'sr« Brit. Guiana ill. p. 710 (18i8. —British
Guiana).
Stenopsis nigrescens Pelzeln, I.e. p. 12 (Borba).
No. 778. ? ad., Allianca, \2. xi. 1007. "Iris brown, feet and bill black." —
Wing 142; tail 100; bill II mm.
This bird, as well as others from the Rio Madeira, secured by Natterer, agree
perfectly with a series from British Guiana and Venezuela (Caura).
298. Chloronerpes flavigula (Bodd.).
I'ii-us Jhiciijnla Boddaert, Talil. PI. enl. p. 4'J (1783. — o-\ D'Aubentun, PI. eul. 784 : Cayenne).
Clilorotirrpex fiarigiila Pelzeln, I.e. p. 244 (Borba).
No. 433. c? imm., Calama, 20. viii. 1907.— Wing 120 ; tail 71 ; bill 23 mm.
No. 1048. ? ad., Marnins, 22. vii. 1908.— Wing 124 ; tail 73 ; bill 2iil mm.
'• Iris brown, feet greenish grey, bill black, below grey."
In .specimens from the Rio Madeira the whitish spots on the foreneck and
chest appear generally more bar-like (less heart-shaped) than in Cayenne and
Venezuelan (Caura) examples, but this is not (jnite constant. "
299. Chloronerpes chrysochloros paracusis Snethl.
\_Pieus ehrijsochlovos Vieillot, Xouv. Diet. xxvi. p. 98 (1818. — ex Azara : Paraguay).]
Clihronerpes paraeiisin Snethlage, Om. Monlier. xv. p. 163 (1907. — Murucutu, near Pani).
No. — (c?) ad., Calama (no date).- Wing 139 ; tail 80; bill 2.5Jr mm.
No. 330. ? ad., Calama, 3. viii. 1907. — Wing 137 ; tail 75 ; bill 2.') mm.
" Iris dingy yellow, feet greyish green, bill black."
The male has the throat paler yellow than the type from l'ar;i, while the
female, in this respect, agrees with the latter.
C. c. paraeusix is closely allied to (.'. c. capistraftt.s (Malli.),* from I'ritish
Gniana and the Rio Negro district, but differs by having the throat uniform yellow
(not banded with olive-green), the ground-colour of the under parts more yellowish,
the edges to the median rcctrices broader and more intensely olive-green, and by
lacking the crimson mystacal stri[)e in the male sex. It is thus somewhat inter-
mediate between C. c. capiat i-atu.'i and the sonthern (J. c. chniaorhloroit. The latter,
while agreeing with (\ c. parae/ts/s in the unilbrm throat, has the under parts
• Clirijsiiiiietis cnpistratiis Alalliorbc (ex Nattcior !\IS.). Mcihu'jr. J'icid. ii. p. 1 In) pi. (>-. lig.^i, 1, j
(I'li'iL'. — " Hresil," Nattciev eoll., sc. lUo Negro).
( 382 )
mnch deeper yellow, tlie back darker and less golden, the median rectriccs less
distinctly edged with greenish, etc. Jloreover, wings, tail, and hill are much
shorter, and the adult male possesses a dark crimson mystacal stripe.
The characters and ranges of the four geographic races of the group are as
follows : —
(«) C. chrysochloros rhryiiochlorof: (Vicill.).
Type localiti/ : Paraguay.
/Tai. Paraguay (Azara) : Lambare (Rohde). Argentine: Fortin Donovan,
Uio Pilcomayo (Kerr); Oran, Salta (Gerling — Brit. 5[us.) ; Ledesma, Jnjuy
(Dinelli — Munich Slus.). S.E. Bolivia : San Francisco, ('haco (Borelli), Piedra
Blanca (Smith). Brazil, Western Mattogrosso : Coramba (Borelli, Smith), Miranda
(Bach — Mus. Brit.), Cuyaba (Natterer).
Adult. Ground-colour of under parts deep ochrcoiis golden yellow, throat
uniform deep yellow. Male with upper part of the head and broad mystacal stripe
deep crimson.
Wing. Tail. Bill.
Five adult males 115— 12.j To— 87 2U— ,'4 mm.
Three adult females .... 117— r,'0 77—83 21— 1':5 „
{b) C. chrysocldoros braziliensis (Swains.).
Pkiii Braziliniain Swainson, Zoning, lllustr. i. pi. 20 (1820-21. — " proviuco of Bahia ").
Ti/pe localiti/ : Baliia, Eastern Brazil.
JJab. Eastern Brazil : Bahia (Swainson ; trade skius in Mus. H. v. Berlepscli) ;
Piauhy : Parnagua (Reiser).
Adult. E.xactly like C. c. chrysochloros, but with longer, stouter bill, and upper
parts duller olive.
Wing,
Two adult males from Bahia . . . .124
Three adult males from Piauhy . . .118, 121
Two adult females from Bahia .... 122, 125
One female from Piauhy 122
(c) C. c/in/soc/iloros paraensis Suethl.
Type locality : Murucutu, near Pan'i.
[{ab. North Brazil : Murucutu, Pani (Hagmann) ; Calama, right bank of lower
R. Madeira (Hoffmanns).
Adult. Differs from (a) and (i) by its larger size, brighter golden olive back,
j)ale yellow ground-colour of the under parts, etc. Male with pileum red, Init
mystacal stripe dark olive (not crimson).
Wing. Tail. Bill.
One adult male from Para (type) 13'J 72 25 mm.
One adult male from Calama 139 80 25 J „
One adult female from Calama 137 75 25 „
(d) ('. chrysochloros ciipistratu.'i (Malh.).
Type locality : Uio Negro.
Jlab. N.W. Brazil : Manaos, S. Isabel, Marabitanas, Hio Vanjic, Hio Negro
(Natterer); TeflFe, Ilio Solinioi'iis (Iloffmanns). Eastern Ecuador: Sarayafu
(IJuckley). British Guiana: 1(. linpununi (Whitcly).
Tail.
Bill.
Si)
25 mm.
76
24, 25 mm.
75, 79
24,24i „
"i
m
( 383 )
Adult. Under parts from chin to tail-coverts regularly barred with dark olive-
green and yellowish white. Male with pileum and broad mystacal stripe crimson.
Female with njiper part of the head bright golden olive.
Wing. Tail. Bill.
Four adult males (including the t;/pi') . . 136—140 76—83 26—30 mm.
Si.K adult females 133_140 75—82 25—28 „
3i)0. Melanerpes cruentatus (Bodd.).
Pk-m r.rurntatns Boddaerfc, TaU. PI. cnl. p. 4:! (178:!.— e.\ D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 004. fig. 2;
Cayenne).
MclanerjKx criieittaliis Hellmayr, Xm:. Znol. xiv. p. 397 (Humaytha).
M. hinindinaceus Pelzeln, l.c p. 248 (Salto Girao, Borba).
No. 769. c? ad., AUianca, 9. xi. 1907. "Iris clear yellow, feet dark green,
bill black."— Wing 113 ; tail 61 ; bill 24 mm.
Typical with broad superciliaries, creamy above the eye, golden yellow in its
posterior portion.
[31)1. Veniliornis ruficeps ruficeps (Spi.\).
Pirns rufirppx Spi.x, .li'. Bnis. i. p. (,?,. pi. Ivi. figs. 2 {^), 3 (?) (1824.— "in sylvis lluminis
Amazonum").
Campias ruficeps var, a, Pelzeln, l.c. p. 245 (part. : Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
The single adult male procnred August 21, 1830, agrees in coloration with
specimens from Para and Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro. The median and greater
wing-covcrts have distinct, though narrow, pale yellow shaft-streaks, surrounded
at the tip by a rather restricted dull red zone.
The same form occurs on the left bank of the Tapaj(')Z, near Itaituba,* in the
Para district, as well as in the neighbouring province of Maranhfio, whence the
Blunich Museum has received several examples through Mr. F. Schwanda.]
302. Veniliornis ruficeps haematostyg'ma (Malherbe).
Mcsnpicns hiiPiiiatustiiijma Malherbe (e.x Xatterer JIS.), .)f:iiio(ji: Picid. ii. p. 72. pi. Gl. fig. 2 (1862. —
typs = <? ^<3., Engenho do Garni, Rio Guapore', Xatterer coll. in Vienna Museum).
Campias ruficeps (var. /3) Pelzeln, l.c. p. 24G (part. ; Mattogrosso ; Ribeirao, Salto Theotonio, Rio
Madeira).
Veniliornis rnfi-cps haemalnstijfjma Hellmayr, Nno. Zoul. xiv. p. 307 (Humaytha).
Nos. 218, 228. S ad., i imm., Calama, 13, 15. vii. 1907.— Wing 96, 94 ; tail
60, 64 ; bill 2U, 20 mm.
No. 023. i ad., Maruins, 11. vi. 1907.— Wing 91 ; tail 58 ; bill 21 mm.
Nos. 66, 1047. ? ? ad., Calama, 17. vi. 1907 ; Maruins, 22. vii. 190S._Wing
96, 92; tail 58, 57 ; bill 191, 19 mm.
" Iris reddish brown, feet blackish, bill blackish grey."
This series, as well as the specimens secured by Natterer on the njipcr ]{io
Mailoira (Uibeirao, Salto Theotonio) and in Western Mattogrosso (Engenho do
Gama, Villa Maria), differ from V. r. ruficeps by having the blood-red area on the
upper wing-coverts much deeper and far more e.\tended, etc. The light shaft-
streaks within this red zone are either wholly absent or but indistinctly indicated.
The dusky barring of the lower j)arts is not so dark, and the back less golden
yellow.
(jf. Abliiinill. Bai/cr. A/mil. Wisscnsch. II. CI. vol. xxii. 3. I'.iOO. pp. OD'.i-ll.
♦ (/f. Aov. Zool. xiv. UI07. p. 2i5,
( 384 )
303. Celeus jumana jumana (Sjiix).
Piciis Jiiiiiaim Spix, .Ir. Bnix, i. p. 57. pi. xlvii. (1824. — " in sylvis Hum. Amazonum ").
Celeus Jiiiiiiiiia Pelzeln, /.'■. p. 251 (Salto do Girao, Borba) ; Hellmayr. Xur. Zoul. .\iv. p. 398
(Humaytha).
Nos. — ,644. SS, Calama, 1. ix. 1907; S. Isabel, S. x. 1907.— Wing l.J8;
tail 105, lOG; bill 28, 20 mm.
No. 940. ? ad., Maruins, 23. vi. 19u8.— Wing KU; tail lo.") ; bill 27 mm.
" Iris red, feet plumbeous, bill light greyisli."
The inner webs of the remiges are regularly banded with blackish and pale
yellow. The rump is yellow, but the upper tail-coverts are cinnamon-rufous.
C. jumana (:itrcnpij(fiu» Sl-I. k Salv.,* of wiiich I have examined several skins
from Eastern Ecuador, merely differs by having the inner web of the remiges not
barred with blackish, and by its darker, rufous brown upper tail-coverts. It is
unquestionably the western representative of C. jnmaiia, replacing the latter in
Eastern Peru and Ecuador (Nape).
304. Celeus grammicus (Malii.).
Pimn </i-«Him«fMs Malherbe, Mem. Hoc. Roy. Liege p. 69 (1845. — "Bresil — coll. Xatterer ' — viz. Rio
Negro, etc.).
Celciis (/iviiiiiticus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 252 (Salto do Girao, right bank) ; Hellmayr, Xur. Zuul. xiv.
p. 398 (Humaytha).
■Jsos. ISO, 782. "i ? ad., Calama, 7. vii. ; Allianca, l:>. xi. 1007. — "Iris red,
feet dark green, bill yellowish green." — AVing 120, 130 ; tail 80 ; bill 22—23 mm.
The Calama bird has the head and crest uniform cinnamon-rnfous, while in
the other specimen the feathers of these parts show distinct black central streaks.
30o. Cerchneipicus tinnunciUus occidentalis Harg.
\Picnx Tiimimctdtis Wagler, his 1829. Heft b. p. 516 (1829.—" Brasilia").]
Cerchneqikm nccideiitalis Hargitt, Ibh 1H89. p. 230 (1889.— Upper Ucayali, Eastern Peru— Bartlett
coll.) ; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Pmil. vi. 1904. p. 444 (1905.— Rio Juruii).
Ccleii.-i tiiiiiuncidus (nee Wagler) Pelzeln, /...-. p. 250 (Cai^xra, Rio Paraguay ; Engenho do Gama,
Rio Guapore ; Manaqueri, R. Solimoens).
Nos. 35, 250, 301. Jc? ad., Calama, 13. vi., 22, 30. vii. 1907.— Wing 151—153;
tail 1(10—104; bill 32—33 mm.
No. 87. ? ad., Calama, 21. vi. 1007.— Wing 153 ; tail 107 ; bill 32 mm.
" Iris red, feet blackish, l)ill grey."
In addition to the above, I have before me the whole of Natterer's series :
an adult male from Manaqueri, two males from Cairara, and an adult female from
Engenho do Gama. All these specimens are clearly referable to orcidcntalis as
defined by Hargitt, and difter from ttnnunculus, of Eastern Brazil, by their slenderer
bill, smaller size, and by having the three outer pairs of rectrices regularly banded
with rufous. The amount of black barring of the upper parts is extremely variable,
although the black cross-bands are apparently never so regular nor so densely set
as in C t. thiimnculus. In an adult male from Manaqupri and a female from
Engenho do Gama the mantle, upper wing-coverts, and quills are broadly barred
with black ; an adult male from Calama (No. 3ol) and an immature male from
Caicara have these bars somewhat narrower and less numerous on the back,
while the upper wing-coverts are j)artly uniform cinnamon-rufous. Two other
males from Calama (No. 35) and Caicara have even fewer bars on the back, and
• C. rHrciijiijii'ms Hclaler & Salvin, P.IS. ti. Lund. 1867. p. 75S (1x67.— Yurimaguas, E. reiu).
( 385 )
scarcely any oa the wing-coverts. Finally, a male anil female from Calama
(Nos. 250, 87) have both the mantle and wing-covei'ts nniform cinnamon-riifous,
and there are but a few scattered black marginal spots on the outer web of the
remiges. These birds show a decided approach to C. torqmtas* of Guiana, Vene-
zuela, and Manaos, in the colour of the mantle, but may, of coarse, be easily
sei)arated by having the rump, upper tail-coverts, lower breast, and belly broadly
barred with black. Yet it is more than probable that both occidcittaUs and
tinnunculus will prove to be geographic races of the northern species.
3u(j. Crocomorphus flavus (P. L. S. Miill.).
Picus flai-us P. L. S. MiiUer, Xalars'/'!!. Suppl. p. '.H (I77li.— based on D'.\ub3nton, PI. en!. 509 :
Cayenne).
Cvocomnrphus flious Hellmayr, Nov. Zml. xiv. p. 395 ( Hiimaythi).
Celeus cilrhiiis Pelzeln, l.r. p. 252 (Boi'ba).
Nos. 584, GSl, 7.S4. SS ad., Jaraarysinho, 21. is.. ; 8. Isabal, 11. x. ; Alli;inca,
13. xi. 1907.— Wing 141—144 ; tail 88—91 ; bill 25— 27^ mm.
No. 204. S imm., Calama, 11. vii. 1907.— Wing 132 ; tail 88 ; bill 251 mm.
Nos. 365, 783. ? ? ad., Allianca, 13. .xi. ; Calama, 10. viii. 1907.— Wing
136, 137 ; tail 92, 85 ; bill 25i, 20 mm.
"Iris red, feet gre}' or green, bill yellowish green."
Some of these specimens have the rufous of the remiges quite as mufh
e.xtended as Cayenne and Venezuelan (Caura) examples, while in others the quills
are blackish with hardly any rufeseeiit tinge. They differ, however, from those
of more northern localities by having very little, if any, rufous on the upiier
wing-coverts.
[3n7. Campephilus melanoleucos (Giu.).
Piru.i iiidlanoleucus Gmelin, Siist. Xol. 1. i. p. 420 (1788. — ex Latham : Surinam).
Canipeph'du>t iiwhiiiole'ici^ Pelzeln, l.r. p. 242 (Borba).
Borba (Natterer).
Hanging from Rio de .Janeiro north to Guiaua.]
30s. Campephilus trachelopyrus (Malh.).
Meijnphnx lrw:/irl:,j,i/rii.i Malherbe, .Mem. .Soc. d'llint. Xiil. Mobile 1857. p. 1 (1857.— Pt'rou).
No. 404. S ad., Calama, 16. viii. 1907. "Iris light yellow, feet black, bill
grey." — Wing 180 ; tail 123 ; bill 41 mm.
In size this bird agrees with Pani examples (cf Xoi: Zool. xii. pp. 300-301),
while others from Peru are decidedly larger. Natterer obtained the sjjeuies even
farther south, at Engenho do (.Jama, Rio Guai)ore, in Western Mattogrosso.f
300. Picuinnus aiirifrons aurifrous IVlz.
Pkidiwiis: aiiri/miix Pelzeln, Zur Urn. llni.^. iii. pp. 211, 3 !4 (1869.— Engenho do (iama, Caivani,
Rio (luapore; Salto do Girao, Borba, Kio Madeira); Ilellmayr, Xoc. Zi-il. xiv. p. ;i'JS
(Uuniiiytha) ; ynelblage, Juiini.f. Oniitk. TJOS. p. 5:!5 (.Vi-umatbuvia, Tocaatins).
Nos. 10, 585. c?c? ad., Calama, 9. vi. ; .laiuarysinho, 21. ix. 19ii7.— Wing
49, 50 ; tail 23 ; bill 10 mm.
Nos. 047. c? jnv., S. Isabel, f<. x. 19ii7.— Wing 49 ; tail 24 ; bill In mm.
» Picm larqimtiis Doddaerl, Tab/. PI. ml. p. .j2 (I's:!.— c.\ Ii'.\iiljenton, Tl. enl. Si;3 : Cayenne),
■j- I'clzcln, Urn. Bras. Iii. p. 212,
( nsn )
Xos. 312, 014. ? 9 ad., S.Isabel, :'>1. vii., 3. x. lOiiT.—AVing .j(J ; tail 2-^h,
•2i ; liill lOi mm.
"Iris lirown, feet jjlambeous or blackish, bill lihuk."
The adult males have the tips to the sincipital feathers golden yellow, while
in the females the top of the head is dull black, each feather with a small, rounded
apical spot of white. The markings of the under parts are exactly as in Natterer's
type-specimens : foreneck regularly banded with dusky, breast and abdomen with
dusky longitudinal stripes. Strangely enough, a young male obtained by Natterer
at Borba, August .">, 1S30 — in the British Museum— undoubtedly belongs to the
present species and not to F. borhae, for the tips of the newly grown frontal
feathers are distinctly golden yellow ! Miss Snetblage has lately met with
P. a. aurifrons at Arumatheua, Toeanfins River.
P. aurifrons jlaci/roiis Hargitt,* from N.W. Brazil (Tefle) f aud Eastern I'ern,
differs merely by having rounded spots (instead of longitudinal streaks) of dusky
on the belly. A specimen from Humaytha, left bank of the Rio Madeira, is
slightly intermediate in this respect, though nearer P. a. aari/rons.
[310. Picumnus borbae Pelz.
Pkumims borljtir Pelzeln, l.r. pp. 241, .3.34 (18G1I.— Borba, Rio Madeira); Hellmayr, /.•■, p. ;i;i8
(Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).
The male may be at once distinguished from /'. a. auri/rons, with which if
agrees in the })attern of the lower parts, by the longer, brick-red (instead of
golden yellow) tips to the feathers of the sinciput. Si)eciraens from Itaituba (left
l)ank of the Tajjaji'iz River), J and the Upper Ucayali, E. Bartlett coll. in Brit.
Mus., are identical with the types from Borba. It is strange that this s])ecies
should occur side by side with the yellow-fronted P. a. aari/rons and /'. a.Ji'vifrons,
still I do not think that it can be a mere colour-variet)-.]
Oil. Ceryle torquata torquata (Linn.).
Alcctlo tuniu'tta Linnaeus, .S'v-s/. Xnt. .\ii. 1. p. 18U (IVGli. — ex Brisson : ^lc.\i:o and JIaftiniiiuu).
Ceryle tonjuata Pelzeln, /.<:. p. 23 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 402 (Borba).
No. 443. ? imm., t'alama, l.'3. viii. I'.tilT. " Iris greyish brown, liill black, base
of lower mandible reddish."
31:.'. Ceryle americana americana (Gm.).
Alrcdij nmcricana Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. 1. i. p. 451 (1788. — e.x D'Aubeuton. PI. cnl. ."I'.ll. figs. 1,2:
Cayenne).
O'l-ylc (inicrlaKia Pelzeln, I.e. p. 23 (Rio Guapori.', Borb;i) ; Hellmayr, l.f. p, 4112 ( Humaytha).
No. 577. (t?) ad., Jamarysinho, 20. ix. 1007. "Iris, feet, and bill black."—
Wing 72 ; tail 51 : bill 4:> mm.
313. Ceryle aenea aenea d'all.).
Jtccdi, (aaica) Pallas in Vroug's Cut. ni,x. ,roi^., .\ihni,l,nil. p. 1. no. :'il ( ITill. — Sm-inam).
Vinjle supeiciliosa Pelzeln, l.r. p. 24 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, /.r. p. 402 (llumaytba).
No. 747. cJ ad., Allianca, 5. xi. 1907.— Wing 5o?, ; tail :!(1 ; bill 27:J mm.
No. 342. c? juv., Calama, 0. viii. I0(i7.
• Picumnus Jlai-i/rtinn Uargilt, Jliis ISS'.I. p. 229 (type ex a,irayai;u, li. Ccavali, East I'eru).
t Hellmayr, Aw. Zool. .xiv. p. SO, % Idem, Kf. p. 20.
( :i8- )
Nos. 68, 559, 805. ? ? ad., Calama, IT. vi. ; Jamarysiaho, 17. i.\. ; AUianca,
28. .\i. 1907.— Wing 56—57 ; tail 34—35 ; bill 28 mm.
" Iris dark brown, feet yellowish grey or brownish grey, bill black."
Identical with Surinam and Cayenne examples.
[314. Trogon rufus rufus Gm.
Troyuii rii/m Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. 1. i. p. 404 (1788.— ex D'Aubeuton, PI. eal. 73G : Cayeaae ; = ?).
Trogon atricollis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 20 (Borba).
T. a. atricollis Hellmayr, Xov. Zool. xiv. p. 403 (Humaytha).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer) ; left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).]
[315. Trogon viridis viridis Linn.
Troijoii i-iridi.-i Linnaeus, Si/si. Xat. xii. 1, p. 1(37 (17GG.— ex Brisson : Cayenne) ; Pelzeln, I.e. p. 2lj
(Borba).
Right bank : Borba (batterer). Widely distributed in South America.]
316. Trogou violaceus violaceus Gm.
Tinijmi rinlareim Gmelin, Si/sf. yal. 1. i. p. 401 (1788. — ex Koelreuter, Nov. Art. Pctrop. ii. p. 430.
no. 7. tab. IG. fig. 8 : Surinam).
T. meriilimmlis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 20 (Borba).
No. 978. S perad., Maruins, 7. vii. 1908. " Iris brown, feet black, bill pale
grey." — Wing llS; tail 12S; bill 16 mm.
This bird I cannot distinguish from some Cayenne and British Guiana
specimens, the njiper wing-coverts being narrowly, but distinctly, vermicnlated
with whitish. Perhaps the nropyginm is deeper blue, and the white ends of the
three outer rectriees somewhat wider, but these slight divergencies are probably
individual.
The distribution of T. v. violaceus aud T. c. vamoidana Dev. & Ues Mars * is
difficult to understand. The former ranges from French Guiana westwards to the
Amazonian slopes of the Colombian Andes, but occurs also on the middle course
of the Rio Madeira. T. c. ramouiana extends from the Rio Napa (Eastern Ecuador)
soutli to Peru, and is, furthermore, found in Lower Amazonia, specimens from
Victoria (left bank of the Xingu) being iu every respect similar to Peruvian
examples !
317. Urospatha martii martii (Spix).
Prionitcs martii Spix, Ar. Bras. i. p. G4. pi. Ix. (1824. — ''in sylvis Parae ").
Momoliis martii Pelzeln, I.e. p. 10 (Borba).
Urospatha m. martii Hellmayr, Xur. Zmd. xiv. p. 403 (Humaytha).
Nos. 146, 724. Adult (not sexed), ? ad., Calama, 1. vii., 23. x. 19o7. '-Iris
brown or red, feet and bill black."— Wing 135, 142 ; tail 230 ; bill 40, 44 mm.
Agree with the type iu having the tail mainly dark green, and the central
rcctrices not spatulated. Cf. my remarks l.r.
V. m. martii is widely distributed in Amazonia, ranging from Eastern Ecuador
and Peru to the left bank of the Tapajoz. In Western Ecuador, Colombia, etc., it
is replaced by l'. m. scminifa (Scl.). Cf. my revision of Spix's types, p. (ill.
• Trogon ramoniaita Deville & Dcs Mvus, luc. May. Zool. (2) i. p. S31 (I»i;i.— Savayai;ii, Tampa del
f>aciamento. Eastern Teru).
( 388 )
318. Priouoruis platyrhynchus pyrrholaemus (Berl. it Stolzm.).
Cf. .Vol-. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 40:5 (crit. ; Humaytha).
No. 1030. (J ad., Marains, IT. vii. 19(17.— Wing 110; tail '^02 ; bill 37 lum.
" Iris dark brown, feet and bill black."
Middle jiair of rectrices not spatulated. C'liin and njiper throat pale blue,
slightly mi.xed with greenish.
Cf. my remarks I.e. ]>p. 4ii:i-4, where a review of the races is given.
319. Momotus momota nattereri Scl.
[Ranijiliaslos Momij/a Linnaeus, Hi/sl. Xiil. .\ii. I. p. lo2 (ITOii.— based on Edwards & Brisson (e.xcl.
syn. Marcgrave) : Cayenne (e.x Brisson) fixed as type locality).]
Moiiiotiis Nnllereri Sclater. Pruc. Ziml. Soc. Lonil. xxv. 1857. p. "251 (1H.58. — Yung.is in Bolivia ;
Goyaz, Brazil) ; Pelzeln, l.r. p. I'J (Borba).
No. 450. ? ad., Calama, 25. viii. 1907.— Wing 132 ; tail 237 ; bill 39 mm.
" Iris brown, feet greyish brown, bill black."
This bird is perfectly identical with typical specimens from L>olivia (Sara) and
Mattogrosso ( Chapada). There is no trace of a rufous nape-patch, but the lower
parts are distinctly suffused with ochreous. Cf. also J^''o^•. Zool. xiv. p. 28.
M. m. nattereri represents M, m. momota in the districts south of the Amazon
and west of the Tapaji')z, as well as in Goyaz, Mattogrosso, and Eastern Bolivia.
The north-western limits of its range, however, are not exactly known.
320. Urogalba dea amazonum Scl.
[.Ifcri/o Dea Linnaeus, Sii"!. Sut. x. p. 110 (IT.'jS.— ex Edwards, <hii. pi. 10 : Suiinam).]
Vrofjalba amnzimum Sclater, Pt-or. Zottl. Soc. Loud. x.xiii. 18.').'). p. 14 (1855. — "in Brasil. Boreali,
Para, et fl. Amazonum ").
U. ilea amazonum Hellmayr, A'dc. Zml. xiv. p. 401 (Humaytha).
Galbxila parailisea (nee Linn.) Pelzeln, I.'-, p. 21 (part. : Salto do Girfn, Uio Madeira).
No. G7fi. S ad., S. Isabel, Kio Preto, II. x. l'.Hi7. -Wing 90; tail — ; bill
61 mm.
No. 078. ?, S. Isabel, 11. x. 19U7.— Wing (moulting) ; tail 13o ; bill :A\ mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."
The skins agree with Para examples in the Munich JIuseum, the feathers
about the forehead and in the superciliary region being broadly edged witli whity
brown. The male has the wing fully as long as Sclatcr's type.
I consider it useful to recapitulate what we know about the distribution of
U. dea dea and its southern representative. /'. dea dea inhabits French, Dutch,
and British Guiana, the banks of the Kio Negro, from Marabitanas and San Carlos
down to Manaos, and extends to Liuitos, nortli bank of the Peruvian Amazons.
U. dea amazonum is found along the south bank of the Amazons and on its
southern affluents, from Para to Teffe (Uio Solimoens). The main valley of the
Amazons thus divides the ranges of the two nearly allied forms. Cf yov. Zool.
xiv. 1907. i)p. 27-8.
[321. Galbula galbula (Linn.).
Akcili GiiUiula Linnaeus, Si/xl. Nal. xii. 1. p. 182 (1701;. — ex Edwards et Brisson : Cayenne —excl.
syn. Marcgrave, Brazil).
Galbula cimlis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 24 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). Not recorded from any loinlily farther south,
but widely distributed in Ihe Guianas, iu the Orinoco region, etc.]
( :589 )
:5'22. Galbula nifoviridis C'ali.
(lulhiila rufuririilis (Jabauis in " I'-rsch i- (irubci-'s JCnrij<:l. ]V/.':-;riisiii. ,!: Kiinxli lii. 1. p. SOS " *).
G. inaadicamla Pelzeln, l.r, p. 24 (Tlicotonio).
Nos. ;:?, 3,S2. c?c? ad., Calaiua, 18. vi., 12. viii. 1907.— Wing 78, 79; tail
89, 9U; bill 48, 50 mm.
Nos. 400, 497, 721. ? ?, t'alaina, Id, .31. viii. ; S. Isaljol, li). x. 19o7.— Wing
77—80 ; tail 84—94 ; bill 44—48 mm.
" Iris brown, feet yellow or grey, bill black."
flompared with a good series of G. rtifomridis from Mattogi'osso, Bahia,
Slaranhfio, and Eastern Bolivia, these specimens liave the green apical mark to
the two outer rectrices slightly less extended, though one of the females is scarcely
different on this score. In the females the throat, too, is rather paler buff than in
the majority of the examples from more southern localities. The range of G. riifo-
viridis has recently been traced as far north as Monte Alegre and Marajo.f It is
most probably a subspecies of G. riijicauda C'nv., but I liave not yet had time to
thorouglily work out its relations.
[323. Galbula tombacea cyanescens Dev.
[Galbiihi toinhacea Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 55. pi. Iviii. (182t. — '' in sylvis fl. Amazonutn ").]
Galbula r?/i!nc>re«« Deville, liev. Ma'j. Z\ml. (2) i. p. 56 (1849. — "lei borJs de I'Amazone" —
the types in the Paris Museum are from Sarayaca, Ucayali K.).
G. tniiihncea cijantseeiis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 402 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Since writing the account in my revision of S[iix's types % I have studied the
series of these birds in the Tring, British, and Paris Museums, and a few words
about the results arrived at may be welcome to ornithologists.
G. t. tombacea Spix, with the forehead and anterior portion of the crown
smoky brown, extends from the north bank of the Peruvian Amazons (Lpiitos,
Pebas) to the eastern slopes of the Colombian Andes (Bogota coll.). Of this foriu
1 have examined twenty Bogota skins ; one adult male from Itpiitos (Mus. H. v.
Berlepsch) ; a couple from Pebas (Hanxwell) and an adult male from Elvira, in the
British BInseum ; and three adult males, obtained at Pebas by Castelnau et Deville,
in the Paris Bluseum. § Spix's typo, tlie exact locality of which is not recorded,
belongs to the same race.
G. t. cyanescens Deville, with the whole of the pileum shining green, replaces
the preceding in Northern Peru, south of the Amazons, as well as near Nauta, also in
Central an<l Sonth-Eastern Peru, ranging eastwards to Humaytha, left b.'ink of
the Rio Madeira. I have examined specimens from the following localities : La
Merced (4 cj cj ad., 2 ? ? ), La Gloria (1 ?), Pozuyo (J ?), Chuchurras, Huauuco
(c?? ad.), Hnaynapata (1 cJ ad.), Cosnipata (1 c??), Sarayacu, Ucayali (1 S ad.,
2 ? ?, 1 juv. : Castelnau coll., ff/pfs of G. f. ri/ani'sci'ns), Nauta (2 <S S ad.), Rio
Jurna (1 S ad.), Humaytha (2 (S 6 ad.).
Three s[iecimeus from the Rio Javarri (two in the British, one in the Paris
• I have not been able to verify the above rcfereiR-c.
t Sncthlase, Joiirii. f. OmUli. lHO(i. p. 52a
X .ihhaiidl. .Ihid. WisscmaJi. Miiiiehen II. Kl. vol. xxii, 3. lilOCi. pp. 001-2.
§ Dr. S-later'.s assumption (Monoi/r. Jacamars p. 24) that both O. i. tomhicca and G. t. cijanetcens
were obtained by Deville on the Itio Ucayali is not correct. The examples of the former are from
Pebas, but those of the latter from the Ucayali. Desides tliese, there is an adnlt male, taken January ?,
1S47, on the llio Javarri (see above), in the Paris MnsiMim.
( 390 )
Museuiu) are slightly intermediate between tomhucea and cyct/it'sct'mi, the smoky
brown feathers of the forehead beinjj narrowly edged with green or blnish green.
As pointed ont by me (I.e. p. 40i!), the Hamaytha birds have a larger, more
whitish chin-spot than the Pernvian ones. However, it is well to remark that
this character is snlyeot to mncli individual variation in the nortliern (j. t.
tombacea.l
3','4. Galbula cyanicoUis Cass.
(lalliiila ci/anicultis Cassin, Piuc. .{ni'l. X. .S'c/. I'liiUiJ. v. p. 164. pi. vii. (1851.— Pani) ; Pelzuln,
I.e. p. 24 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, JV.;c. Zool. xiv. p. 402 (Ilumaytha).
Nos. 186, 231, 390. SS ad., Calaraa, 7, 10. vii., 14. viii. lOn:.— Wing 7T— 81
tail 82—84 ; bill 43—40 mm.
No. 927. (? ad., Marnius, 1'.'. vi. 1908.— Wing 81 ; tail 83 ; bill 431 mm.
No. 37. ? imm., Calama, 13. vi. 1907.— Wing 771 ; tail 79 ; bill 41 mm.
"Iris dark brown, feet yellow, bill black, lower mandible yellowish green."
These specimens agree perfectly with several from Para, while those previously
obtained by Mr. Hoft'inanns near Hnmaytha (left bank) had the cheeks and malar
region golden green (instead of bine). Tf., however, the remarks by Miss 8nethlage
in Journ.f. Omit It. 19u8. p. '20.
G. ctjanicollis ranges from Paru westwards to the Jnrn;'i and Pnrus Rivers.
[325. Galbula leucogastra leucogastra Vieill.
Gdlbiila leiicngaxtm Vieillot, Xuiiv. Did. xvi. p. 444 (1817. — baseJ OQ " Jacamar h venire blanc,"
Levaillant, Hist. Xul. Promerops ft Giiejiiers, Suppl. p. 40. pi. H. — "du Bn'sil" ; we substitute
Cayenne) ; Pelzeln, I.i\ p. 24 (Borba),
Right bank : Borba CNatterer).
The two skins from this locality in the Vienna Mnsenm agree perfectly with
others from Gniana. G. I. leticotiiixtrn ranges from French Gniana westwards to
the ujiper Rio Negro (Giiia, Marabitanas), and sontliwards to Borba, on the Lower
Madeira. An adnlt male from Marabitanas, belonging to the Vienna Mnsenm,
has a larger bill and slightly more coppery snffnsion both on back and breast-,
pointing towards G. I. chalcnthorn.x Scl.* Typical specimens of the latter, however,
may be recognized by their longer wings and nearly nnifirm copper-red back and
breast. There are several e.'jamples from the Rio Napo in the Mnuich Mnsenm.]
320. Jacamerops aurea (P. L. S. Mull.).
Ah-etln .\urea P. L. S. Miiller, Nutm-si/xi. Sunpl. p. '.I4 (ITTli. — e.\ Vosmaer : Berbice, British
Guiana).
.hiraiiierops grantUs Pelzelu, Lc. p. 25 (Borba).
No. 226. S ad., (.!alama, 1.5. vii. 1907. " Iris dark brown, feet dark grey, bill
black."— Wing lH); tail 132 ; bill 51 mm.
Agreeing with Gniauan specimens. Forehead distinctly blnish green.
[327. Bucco capensis Linn.
lincco capeimis Linnaea.f, Si/st. Nut. xii. 1. p. 168 (1706. — ex Brisaon : " Le Barbu," Oniitli. iv, p. 02,
pi. vi. fig. 2 : " Guiana " — not '■ Cap. C. spei " as erroneously given by liinnaeus).
li. ciillari.i Pelzeln, I.e. p. 22 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Amazonian specimens do not dilfer in any way from typical Gnianan skins.]
• Oalhnla clialcothornx Sulatcr, Pruc. Zooi. Soc. Loud. xxU. 1S54. p. 11(1 (1855.— Quijo.s, Eastern
Ecuador).
( 391 )
32'^. Bucco hyperrhynchns Scl.
Bucco h)jpei-i-liiiii<:hu.s Sclater, P/v/c Z„„l. Hw. Lmnl. xxlii. IH.'iS. p. 193. pi. cv. (Jan. 185G.—" Upper
Amazons") ; Hellmayr, Nov. Ziml. xiv. p. 399 (Humaytha).
No. 785. ? ad., Allianoa, 13. xi. 1907.— Wing 110 ; tail 9i) ; bill 4nJ- mm.
"Iris yellowish red, feet ami bill lilack."
This bird, as well as tlie two from Ilnmaytlia obtained l)y Jlr. Ilnlt'manns on
liis first Madeira jonraey, lielong undoubtedly to the same form as a series from
Par:!. 15nt whether the so-called 7.'. tJijsom Scl. from Central and 'Western Sonth
America is really separable ai)pears to be very questionable, since there is much
individual variation as regards size of the bill and amount of white on the fore-
head. Yet I have never seen any specimen from Central America, Ecuador, etc.,
that had so powerful a bill as is often found in collections from Para.
On the other hand, B. macrorhtjnchos Gm. (e.K Cayenne, British Guiana, Kio
Branco and Manaos) is quite distinct specifically, and easily recognizable by the
lack of the white forehead, its shorter bill, and by having the feathers of the 1)lack
pectoral band narrowly margined with white.
[329. Bucco tamatia tamatia Gm.
Ducea Tamalin Graelin, Si/nt. Xut. 1. i, p. 405 (1788.— ex D'AubentoD, PI. enl. 741',. fig. 1 : Cayenne) ;
Pelzeln, Oni. Bras. i. p. 22 (Engenho do Gama, S. Vicente, Borba).
Right bank : Borba ; Engenho do Gama and Sao Vicente, Rio Guapore
(Natterer).
Thanks to the kindness of Dr. Lorenz, Natterer's series has been submitted to
my inspection. Besides four examples from the upper Rio Negro, there are two
adult females from Borba, an adult male and a youug female from S. Vicente,
and the Munich Museum possesses an adult male obtained at Engenho do Gama.
This series agrees, in the deep tawny colour of the throat, amount of black spotting
on the lower parts, size, etc., with numerous specimens I have from Cayenne, British
Guiana, Maipures (Orinoco), and Surinam, and unquestionably represents typical
B. t. tamatia.^
[330. Bucco tamatia pulmentum Scl.
Bucro piilijieiiliun Sclater, Prnc. Znat. Sni; I.nniL xxiii. IS.';:'), p. 191. pi. cvi. (Jan. 18,',fi. — "Upper
Amazons").
B. t. puliiicnlnm Hellrnayr. Xnr. Zool. xiv. p. 409 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
The single adult female obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns during his first expedition
agrees perfectly with Sclater's type and other Upper Amazonian skins in the
British Museum. It differs from tamatia, of the right bank, by having the throat
very much paler, light butT (instead of deep ochraccous or tawny). The other
characters, viz. greater amount of rufous on forehead and coarser spotting of the
breast, claimed by Dr. Sclater, do not prove to be constant.
This is another instance of the Madeira Valley dividing the ranges of two
nearly allied forms.
A tliird race of the tamatia group inhabits the Pani, district, N.E. Brazil. It
has the throat fully as dark or even deeper tawny than ]>. t. tamatia, but may be
recognized by the much larger, more crowded, black spots on the breast and sides
of the belly, many of the feathers showing, besides the apical sjjot, a broad black
cross-band in the middle
( 392 )
Tlio raiiL'o of tlio tliroo forms is as follows : —
(«) Itiin-o lamatia tiiiiiutin (iiii.
Ti/pe localiti) : Ca3"eiine.
liah. Frciicli Gniaiia: f'iuoiine (f'herrip, etc.), Saiiit-Jean-du-Maroni (Le
MouU; JIns. j\Ion«c.). Snvinnm : raramarilio, Kwata (Peiianl ; Triiig Mns.).
British Guiana: Cainacnsa, Hio Riipuniini, Aniiai, ete. (Wliitely). Venezuela:
Maipnres, Orinoco R. (Chcrrie). North Braxil : JIarabitanas, Rio Vaupe, upper
Rio Negro ; Manaos ; Forte tlo Sfio Joainini, Rio ]5ranco (Nattcrer) ; right bank of
the Rio JIadeira: Borba, south to Enuenho do (iania and S. Vicente, on the
Giiapore (Natterer).
Exatnined : 3 French Guiana, 7 Surinam, 4 British Guiana, 2 Maipnres,
1 Marabitanas, 1 Rio Vanpe, 1 Manaos, 1 Rio Branco, 2 Borba, 1 Engeuho do
Gama, 2 S. Vicente.
{I/) Bucco tatnafia pdhiirntiim Scl.
Ti/pe locality : Upper Amazons.
Hab. Eastern Ecuador ; Sarayacu (Buckley). Eastern Pern: Pebas (Castelnau
k Deville), Chamicuros (Bartlett), etc. W. lirazil : Hnraaytha, left bank of Rio
JIadeira (Hoflmanns).
Examiiit'd: 3 Eastern Ecuador, 3 Eastern Peru, 1 (///y;c) " Upper Amazons,"
1 Humaytha.
((•) Uucco tamatla hi/pnaletis (Cab. & Heine).
Cliiiiiiinniis Iii/piiah'a Cabanis & Heine. .!/«». Heinean. iv. 1. p. 145. footnote (IHrA-I'ara).
Type locality : Par/i.
Ilab. N.E. Brazil : Para (Natterer), Rio Capim (Wallace), Boavista, ilarajo
(Steere).
Examined: 1 c? ad.. Para (Natterer) ; 1 ? ad., Boavista (Tring).]
[331. Bucco chacuru Vicill.
Cf. Hellmayr, Xnt: Znol. xiv. p. 400 (Humaylba).
Left bank : campos of Humaytha (Hofl'manns).
No additional material has come to hand. The Humaytha birds agree in
size with South Brazilian and Paraguay specimens, but are perhaps ditfcrent in
coloration (cf. I.e.). Skins from Eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and South-Eastern
Peru (Santa Ana) are much larger.]
332. Bucco macrodactylus (Spi.x).
C///-/io.« macroilaclylus Spi.v, -It'. lim^. i. p. i>\. pi. xxxix. fig. 2 (1Sl'4,— "in sylvis flum. Ama-
zonum").
Bnccn mai-rodacli/lun Pelzeln, /.<•. p. 22 (S. Joao do Crato) : Hc-Umayr, Xor. Xunl xiv. p. 400
(Humaytha).
Nos. 835, 877. S ? ad., Marmcllos, 20, 27. xii. I'.m7.— Wing (V\ ; tail 54, 5G ;
bill 23 mm.
No. 303. ? ad., Calama, 15. viii. 1907.— Wing ii7 ; tail (It; bill 23 mm.
" Iris red or brownish red, feet grey, bill black."'
Specimens from the Jladcira agree well witli those from East Ecuador and
Bo<^otti collections. B. macrodactylus is widely distributed in Upper Amazonia.
( 393 )
'■'>■'■■'. Malacoptila rufa (Spix).
Biifro riifui Spix, Ar. Iiiii.<. i. p. "jL'. ]>I. xl. Hi,'. 1 (ls-_M. — "in sylvis 11. Amnzoniim ").
Mulnmplila rufa Hellmayr, /.••. p. 400 (Ilumaytha).
Nos. 565, 5fU. (J ? ad., Jiimarysinbo, IC. ix. lOoT.— Wiiii; 01, 0-2 ; tail CO, (u ;
liill 24, 2r. mm.
Nos. 797, 798, Siil. ^ imra., ? ?, Alliaiica, '.'2, 23. xi. ]0o7.-Wing 91—03;
tail 00—70 ; bill 24—27 mm.
No. 893. ? ad., Maruins, 31. v. loOS. — Wing 03 ; tail 05; liill 25 mm.
" Iris red or reddish lirowii, feet grey or greyish hrowii, bill black, base of
lower mandible yellowish."
The specimens are identical with the type in the Mnnich Museum. M. nifa
ranges all over Amazonia from Eastern Peru to Para.
[334. Monasa morpho3us peruana iScl.
[Diicco mnrpliorits Hahn, Viigel am Asieit, e.lc. Lief. xiv. pi. 2 (182,3. — " Brasilien ").]
Monasa perunnn Sclater, Proc. Zonl. Sor. Loud, xxiii. 18.55. p. 194 (.Jan. 1850. — in Pernvia
oriental! in regionibus fl. Amazoniim superioris : Chamicurros [Hauxwell]).
Moiiaaa hiieops Pelzeln, I.e. p. 22 (part. : Borba ; Rio Iranna).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
The three female.s obtained by Natterer at Borba, as well as another from
the Rio Icanna (upper Rio Negro), in the Vienna Museum, are, in every respect,
similar to examples from the Rio Napo, East Ecuador, in the Bfunich Museum.
The series ditfers from 3L m. morphoeus, of East Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to
Para), in smaller white chin-spot, lesser amount of white about the forehead, and
generally smaller size (wing 122 — 127, tail 110—122 mm).]
335. Monasa nigrifrons (Spix).
Bucco nigrifrons Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 53. pi. xli. fig. 2 (1824. — " in sylvis flura. Solimoens").
Monasa nii/rifrons Pelzeln, I.e. p. 22 (Borba).
No. 219. c? ad., Calama, 13. vii. 19U7. " Iris reddish brown, feet black, bill
clear red."— Wing 123 ; tail 115; bill 33 mm.
Identical with the type. Specimens from Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo) are
rather darker, more of a blackish grey, though not always so.
[330. Nonnula rubecula cineracea Sil.
[fSnccn rnhecula Spix, Ar. Bras. i. p. 51. pi. xxxix. tig. 1 (1824. — " prope pagum .VidliiaJn. fluminis
St. Francisci proximum," Southern B.ihia, E. Brazil).]
Nonnnia rineracea Sclater, Proc. Zmil. Sac. Lonil. 1881. p. 778 (1881.— Rio .Tavarri).
Monasa ™iecH?rt (nee Spix) Pelzeln. I.e. p. 23 (p.art. : Borba, Rio Madeira; Marabit.anas and Rio
Icanna, upper Rio Negro).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Dr. Lorenz having kindly forwarded to me the whole of Natterer's series,
I am enabled to state tliat the Amazonian specimens olitained by this celebrated
naturalist belong to the pale race described by Dr. Sclater from a single example
in the British Museum. An adult female from Borba, June 9, 1830, in the
Vienna Museum, agrees with the type in all essential particulars, except that
the bill is not (jiiite so long, and the back slightly more tinged with brownish.
Both diller from a good series of N. r. rubi'culo (from Bahia, S. Paulo, Goyaz, and
Pa-aguay) by lacking the whitish pati-h below the eye (the cheeks and ear-coverts
( 394 )
lioinu' nuiioi'm iliirk sniokv grev) ; liy liavin<;- tlio niipov parts dnll smoky gfoy,
with tint a faint bmwnish tingo (instead of being more or less liriglitiy rnfescent
brown) ; the throat and forcneck ranch paler, dnll buff (instead of bright ochraeeons),
shading into pair irreyisli bnff on flanks ; and by their longer liill and decidedly
shorter tail.
A yonng bird in flnlly plnmage. from the upper Rio Negro, belongs most
(tertainly also to cincrareu, altliongh it is darker, more smoky brown, on the back,
and more ochreons on the throat. But it is still less brightly coloured than yonng
birds of .^V. r. ruhecula, and shows the long bill as well as the nniform blaekisli
grey sides of the head characteristic of y. >: rincracea.
The range of the two races is, as far as onr present knowledge goes, the
following : —
(a) y. fiibrcula ruJiecnlti (Spix)
Type locality/: Malhada, on the S. Francisco River, Southern Bahia, East
Brazil.
Ilab. Sonth-Eastern Brazil : Bahia (Wncherer coll., !Mns. Bi-it.), Malhada, on
the 8. Francisco R. (Spix); Goyaz (Xatterer, Baer) ; S. I'aulo: Victoria (Hempel),
Ypanema (Natterer), Iguape, Avanhandava, Bebedonro, Itapura, Mattao (Mas.
Paulista). Minas Geraes : Lagoa Santa (Reinhardt). Rio de Janeiro : Novo
Fribnrgo (Bnrmeister). Paraguay : Bernalcne, east of Asuncion (Wieninger ; Mus.
Mouac.).*
Measuremrnfa of ten adults (iacUiding type): wing 0-t — 09; tail (J"- — 04;
bill 19-21 mm.
(ii ^V. rtiht'cida ciiierfirca Scl.
Type locality : Rio Javarri, W. Brazil.
Jlab. Western Brazil : Rio Javarri (Bates) ; Marabitanas and 1!. Icanna,
upper Rio Negro ; Borba, Rio Madeira (Natterer).
Dimensions: -^Vi,,.. Tail. Bill.
1. Adult, R. Javarri. 2)//^(? of subspecies. Brit. Mus. . . 67 6U 25 mm.
2. ? ad., Borba, Jane 9, 1830. Vienna Museum . . .07 57 22 mm.
3. c^ juv., Upper Rio Negro. Vienna Museum . . . Goh 59 23 mm.]
[337. Nonnula sclateri Hellm.
Xotiimla .n-liili'r! Hellmnyr, JSiill. U.d.C. xix. p. .05 (1U07.— Humaytha) : idem.. Km-. /.<iul. \\\:
p. 401.
Left bank : linmaytha (Hoffmanns).
This species, of which Mr. Hoffmanns obtained a single adult female on his
first expedition to the Rio Bladeira in lUiKJ, is somewhat like A', r. ridjerula,
having the ni>per [larfs warm brown, bnt may bo distinguislied by its much smaller
size (wing 02 ; tail 53i mm.) ; deep ochraeeons bnff (instead of white or ]iale
bnfiy) frontal baud, lores, and chin ; duller, more greyish fulvous, throat and
forcneck, wiiich, however, are much dcejier in tint than in A', r. rinrracea, etc.
Like the latter race, it lacks tlie whitish ])atcli below the eye, and lias the flunks
• Sclater (Muiuyi: Jacamars anil I'liff Ilircls p. Kll) also recoiils it from tlie Loner .Vmazons, liut
I liave not been able to ascertain on what authority. Wallace certainly did not obtai[i sijecicnen.s
anywlicre on the Lower Arnazou.s (of. J'. X. ,S. Land. 1SG7. pp. jtiO-llG). It is aiso to be remembered that
none o£ the more recent travellers (Robert, Hoffmanns, Wncthlage) met with N. r. ruiecvia in the Parii
district.
( 395 )
jiale buff It is tliiis seen to lie somewhat iiitcniiediiite betn-ccii ^V. /•. rubt'cula
and X. r. cineracca, bnt diflevs from both at first sight hy tiie bright red, nearly
bare and slightly protruding ej'elid, which, in its allies, is black, beset with
numerous white plumules.]
33>i. Chelidoptera tenebrosa tenebrosa (Pall.).
CkciiIiis li'iifbrosHs Pallas, AVwc .Von/, linilr. iii. p. 2. jil. i. fig. 1 (1782.~Siu'iiirini)-
theVnliplera I. tenebrosa Hellmayr, Xnc Zwil. -\iv. p. 401 (Humaytha).
No. \0'A. ? ad., Maruius, 2'-'. vii. lOiiS. "Iris dark brown, feet and bill
black."— Wing 107 ; tail 54 ; bill ^o mm.
Identical with topotypical specimens from Surinam.
330. Capito auratus intermedius Berl. & Hart. (?).
[Biiccn uuratua Dumont, Diet. Sci. Xat. iv. p. 54 (IHlii. — baseJ on Levaillant, ITlsl. X<it. Oh.
PurcuVis et Unllierg. etc. ii. 1806. p. G3. pi. 27 : " Le Barbu Orange du Pt'rou ").]|
Capito (iiirutiis intermeditis Berlepsch & Hartert, Xor. Zoul. is., p. W (1902.— Nericagua, Upper
Orinoco).
No. 377. S ad., Calama, 11. viii. 1007. " Iris light red, feet plumbeous, bill
black, base of lower mandible grey." — Wing So ; tail 51! ; bill 2U- mm.
Nos. 44S, 453. ? ad., ? imm., Calama, 24, 26. viii. 1007. "Iris red, feet
blue-grey or green, bill black."— Wing 85, 82 ; tail 58, 53 ; bill 21 1, 20 mm.
In JS'ov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 82 I have given a short review of the geographical
races of C. auratus. Alluding to the singular distribution of C. n. intermedius,
I said that I could not distinguish Marcapata and Bolivian specimens from the
typical Orinoco birds. Since writing this I have had the opportunity of studying
the series in Count Berlepsch's Museum, and find that this statement requires
modification. Specimens from S.E. Peru and Bolivia are certainly very much like
C. a. inti'rmediu.'i, and the females agree with the Orinoco ones in having the throat
unspotted deep orange ; but the pileum is decidedly paler, sulphur-yellow, withont
any orange admixture. The three skins from Calama are identical with the
Marcapata series except for the ground-colour of the throat being clear orange,
as in C. a. auratus from Northern Peru, Ecuador, and Bogota. The throat, in the
females, is, however, entirely unspotted. Though I feel pretty sure that the
birds from the Rio Madeira, N. Bolivia, and Marcapata, S.E. Pern, constitute
a recognizable race, I prefer to await further material before proposing any formal
separation, inasmuch as those from the first-named locality may again be diti'ereut.
34u. Capito aurantiicollis (Scl.).
Euliircn auranliicoUiK Sdater, Prnr. Zool. Snc. Loud. .kxv. 1807. p. 2 !7 (Jan. ISo8. — Rio Javarri,
N.W. Brazil), descr. ^ .ad.
Capito iiulanotis (Hartlaub MS.) Sclater, Itiis l.sill, p. U)0 (p irt. : I'c.iy.ili [Hau.wvcll], Rio .lav.arri
[Bates]), descr. $ •*
No. 1069. cJ ad., Calama, lO. ix. lOos. "Iris dark red, feet green, bill
yellowish green." — -Wing 70 ; tail 45 ; bill 17 mm.
No. 1070. ¥ ad., Calama, 10. i.\. lODS. "Iris dark red, bill dark green."—
AVing 06 ; tail 43 ; bill U), mm.
♦ The e.icamples from Rio Napo and Bogota mentioned by Sclater belong to C. r. richardsoni (iray
and C. r. grunadcnsis Shell, respectively. Type of C. melaiiotis i.s specimen k of ('. aurantiicollis {Cat
Itirdi JJril. Mux. six. p. 11(1: j, Ucayali, July 1852, J. Hauxwell coll.), marked as such in Mr. Sclater's
own handwriting.
( r.96 )
Tlie ('iiliuna siieriiiioiis iigroo pt-rfcctly with nih.Ts fmin Easloni Peru I'Suniiria,
Ucayali) ami tlie valley of thn Rio Jnni;i.
C. aurantlicollis is iioarly allied to C r. rirhitnlmwi (ii-ay, of Eastern ]';i;nailoi-,
from wliicli it (lifters, in the male sex, by havin-; the nape pale yellowisli instea<l
of lihiish grey, and tiio forencc-k tleej) orange instead of clear yellow. The female
also agrees with tliat of C. r. rir/Hinhoiii in all essential characters (i.r. forehead
hoary- grey, crown and back olive-green, sides of the head sooty blackish, narrow
whitish superciliary streak ending in a golden yellow stripe above and behind the
ear-coverts, malar region and throat dingy pale greyish, etc.), bnt may be readily
distinguished by its broader and deep orange, not golden yellow, jugnlar ban(i.
To prevent further confusion, 1 may state that the description of ('. aiirantiicoUis,
?, in tbe Cat. Birds Brit. i[u». xix. p. 110, has, by some mistake, been drawn up
from a female siiecimen of C. bourcieri (Lafr.), while in the key, page lo8, its
characters are correctly indicated. The specimens d, /', //, /• of Shelley's Hst (p. 1 1 (i),
marked " female" by the collectors, do not at all agree with his descrijitidu, being,
however, practically identical with my ? ? from Calama and Uio Juru;i.
The range of C. attrantiicoUi.s is as follows : —
N.W. Brazil: Rio Javarri (Bates), Rio Jurua* (Garb^) ; Tonto Alegre, Bom
Lugar, Canacury on the Rio Funis t (Mns. Goeldi) ; Calama, Rio Madeira (Hotf-
manns). Pern: Sarayaru, Santa (Jruz, Ucayali (13artlett), S.uuiria (Hauxwell),
lilouterico (Jelski).
:341. Ramphastos cuvieri cuvieri Wag).
liamphashu Cuvieri Wagler, Si/.it. At: Gai. Ramphastos sp. 5 (1827.— "in Brasilia versus flumea
Amazonum "— Mus. Mon-ic.) ; Pelzela, I.e. p. •i.'JS (BorKa) : Hellmayr, A'.-f. Zn.l. xir. p. S'.l'.l
(Humaytha).
No. oS8. c? ad., Jamarysinho, 2o. ix. 11)07.— Wing :i4.5 ; tail 170 ; bill x;i7 mm.
Nos. 302, 492. J? ad., Calama, 30. vii., 31. viii. 1007.— Wing 247, 230; tail
lOf), 168; bill 195, 17o mm.
No. 401. ? jnv., (Jalama, 31. viii. 11107.— Wing 22S ; tail IGS ; bill 152 mm.
No. 1015. ( ? ) ad., Maniins, 13. vii. 1908. -Wing 230 ; tail 103 ; bill 175 mm.
"Iris brown, feet pale blue, bill black, culminal stripe and basal band of upper
mandible yellowish green, base of lower jaw light blue."
The sj)ecimeus agree with the type in the Munich Museum. The bla;:k
portions of the bill are uniform, without any red patch on the upjier mandible.
The colour of the upper tail-coverts is somewhat variable, being either sulphur-
yellow with darker, more orange tips, or nearly uniform bright orange-yellow.
Some specimens show a slight yellowish tinge on the foreneck, while in others
the latter is white like the throat.
342. Ramphastos culminatus Gould.
A'ii«/////((k/./.s- niliniimliia (iould, I'luc. Zinil . So,: Loud. i. l«:j.i. p. TO (ISXi. — "Mexico," errore ! hal)
subslit. Rio .Solimoi'ns, Brazil, auct. Berl. & Hart.); Pelzelo, l.r. p. •254 (Borba) ; Hellmayr,
/.<■. p. 3'.i0 (Humaytha).
Nos. 593, — . ? ?, .lamarysinho, 20. ix. : M;i,rinellns (left, bank), 27. xii. 10ii7.
"Iris brown, feet light blue, iiill black, culminal and basal stripi' yellow."— Wing
190, 200 ; tail 150, 103 : bill 138, 149 mm.
• Iliering, lliriat. Mvs. I'nul. \ i, ]i. 11(1.
f Snetlilapc, .Toiirn./. Ornilli. I'.ios, p, ill.
( 307 )
The JamarysiiiUo bird has the foreneck tinged with pale yellow, and the
uj)per tail-coverts deep orange with dark red tips ; while in the Marraellos specimen
the former is white like the throat, and the upper tail-coverts are snlphur-yellow
w'ith the apical portion light orange-yellow. Similar variation is to be observed
in Peruvian birds.
[343. Ramphastos osculans (ionld.
Raiiijihaslos oscuhms Goukl, Proi: Ziol. So: Low/, in. l.-illj. p. I.^G (18:i;.— " in Bra-iilia," typ3 in
the Vienna Museum, coll. Natterer [cf. Mu/miji: Riunpli. 1st edit. pi. u], so. Rio Madeira:
Ribeinlo, Borba*) ; Pelzeln, I.e. p. 2.3-i (Ribeimo, Borba).
Right bank : Borba, Rilieirao (Natterer).
Three specimens, including the type, all from Borba, were kindly lent me
by the anthorities of the Vienna Museum. After comparing them with several
skins of R. culmiiuitas, I must confess that I am rather donbtful about the dis-
tinctness of 7?. oscidaii-i. The three examples of the latter differ only by having
the throat, foreneck, and cheeks more or less deeply yellow, while these parts in
li. culminatus are jmre white, sometimes with a pale yellow tinge on the lower
foreneck. lu other respects, notably in the shaj)e of the bill (culmen bounded
by a distinct furrow on each side), the two supposed " species " are practically
identical. Pelzeln (l.c. footnote 1) has already called attention to the great
variation in the coloration of the throat, etc., and upper tail-coverts, as shown by
Natterer's series. In the three skins before me the colour of the upper tail-coverts
varies from sulphur-yellow to scarlet with orange bases, and a similar variation
in /'. culminatuii is mentioned above.
What R. osculans really is cannot be decided with the limited material at
our command. The so-called " o.'sei/laii.i'' from the "Rio Negro" and Muuduapo
(Orinoco; should also be comjiared with those from the Rio Madeira.]
[344. Pteroglossus aracari aracai'i (Linn.).
IluiiiphiiHlMS Amriiri Linnaeus, Si/st. Nal. x. p. 104 (175><. — based on Marcgrave's " Arat:ari," Hist.
Nal. Bms. p. 217 : N.E. Brazil ; cf. Nov. Zont. .xii. iy05. p. :iOO).
Pterixjlosms Wieclii Pelzeln, l.c p. 23.0 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Specimens from Borba, as well as others from I'ara, Maranhao, and Itaituba
(Rio Tapaji')z), agree with South Brazilian exam[iles. The northern form, R. aracari
alr/'co/li.s (P. L. S. Mlill.) (aracari of Gould, Sturm, Sclater, etc.), with brnad black
cnlminal stripe, is apparently confined to the Guianas.]
343. Pteroglossus castanotis australis (!ass.
[Plcrnijlnsxiis CdSlinioOs Gould, I'lnr. Z'inl.Snr. I.,, ml. i. If^.Vi. p. 119 (1K34.— " Bi'asilia" ; we fix
Rio SoUmni'iiH as type locality).]
P. mslanotis b, australis Cassin, Pro:: Ani.il. Xal. Sa. Philad. 1807. p. 112 (18G7.— Rio Parana—
Capt. Page coll.).
No. 478. (? ad., Calama, 20. viii. 1907.— Wing 15.S ; tail 104 ; bill 133 mm.
Nos. 451, 4S0. ? ?, Calama, 2r,, 29. viii. 1007.— Wing loS, 102; tail l.>], los;
bill 115, 125 mm.
Nos. 091, 700. iS ad., S. Isabel, 13, 10. x. I'JOT.— Wing 100, 155; tail 157 ;
bill 140 mm.
* licrlcpsch «; Llavleil (.\uc. /Cool. ix. I'.Wl. p. IW) enoncously substituted •' llio Negro" as type
locality, Gould, however, based his descriptiuu iipou Xattcrer's skins.
( 398 )
" Iris white, feet jjreeii, bill black, buiT and yellow."
The series forms the passage to the northern P. c. castanotis, the crown being
black without any chestnut tinge, but the sides of the head and throat are coloured
as in (iKstralis from Paraguay and Mattogrosso. Occasionally blaik-headed
examples are also met with in the latter countries.
P. c. ati.<<tral/s inhabits the Brazilian central provinces Goyaz and Matto-
grosso (north to the Rio Machados), Eastern Bolivia and Paragnav." Cf. Xoc. ZuoL
XV. 1908. pp. 84-5.
340. Pteroglossus bitorquatus sturmii Natt.
[Pteroijlussiis bilarrjiialus Vigors, Zmihi;/. Joimi. ii. p. 481 (1826.— no locaUty).]
Pteroglossus fitiirmii Natterer in Sturm, Muiiur/r. Rhamphast. Hef t .^ [p. I.^. tab. 7J (18-!2.— Boiba,
Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, Zur Oni. liras. iii. 1869. p. 237 (Borba).
Nos. 488, 447. S ad., S fere ad., Calama, 24, ;50. viii. I'.IOT. "Iris brown,
feet green, upper mandible and tip of lower one yellowish green, remainder of the
latter black."— Wing 128, 124 ; tail 143, l.jO ; bill lOU mm.
No. 410. i juv., Calama, 17. viii. 1907. Soft parts as above.— Wing 1 18 ;
tail 123 ; bill 94 mm.
No. 589. S ad., Jamarysinho, Ilio Machados, 25. ix. 19u7. Soft parts as
above. — Wing 124 ; tail 134 ; bill 07 mm.
No. 576. ? iram., Jamarysinho, 20. ix. 1907. "Iris reddish brown, feet dark
green, bill coloured as above."— Wing 122; tail 125; bill 79 mm.
No. 930. (J ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 21. vi. 1908. " Iris dark brown, feet
light green, bill yellowish green, lower mandible black."— Wing 123 ; tail 143;
bill 94 mm.
Nos. 90.5, 938. ? ad., ? vix ad., Maruins, 4, 21. vi. 1908. "Iris brownish red,
feet and bill as above."— Wing 123, 116 ; tail 140, 131 ; bill S3 mm.
No. 906. ? juv., Maruins, 4. vi. 1908. "Iris reddish brown, feet pale plum-
beous, upper mandible dull yellowish, lower one black." — Wing 119; tail 133;
bill 79 mm.
This rare species was hitherto rejiresented by a single male specimen in the
Vienna Museum, obtained by Natterer, in 1830, near Borba on the right bank of
the Rio Madeira.
P. b. sturmii is most nearly allied to F. h. Litorqinitiis from the Para district,
and, like it, has a broad yellow jugular band, but dift'ers by its black lower
mandible, the extreme tip only being yellowish. Another difference between the
two forms apjjears to exist in the colour of the eye. Both Natterer and Hoffmanns
state the iris to be brown or reddish brown in J', b. stxnnii, orange or reddish
yellow in P. b. bitorquatua.
The adult S6 (Nos. 447, 4.ss, 589, 939) have the top of the head glossy
black and a large spot on the chin dull black. The upper back is strongly suffused
with crimson, and there is a patch of the same colour on the urojjygium.
The young male (No. 410) has the red on the mantle and breast duller and
less extended, and the upper mandible duller, more greyish yellow. The upper
wing-coverts as well as the feathers of the lower back show narrow ]jale reddish
ai)ical margins.
The females differ from the males by having the top of the head dull brownish
black, the sides f)f the head and the throat darker chestnut, and by laekin" the
blackish chin-s[iot. Besides, all dimensions are less, especially the bill is much
( ;i9!) )
shorter. lu two specimens (Nos. 90.5, 'J38) there is a narrow blackish line on
the npper mandible, separating the whitish " teeth " from the yellowish colonr
of the culmen.
The young female (No. 9UG) is even paler and duller red on the mantle,
breast, etc., than the young male (No. 410); the feathers of the pilcum are edged
with pale red, and the prominent bright reddish yellow lamella at the base of the
bill is altogether absent.
The colonr of the under tail-coverts is rather variable in P. b. stuvmii. They
are either all pale yellow (Nos. 44", 939), or the longer ones are clear rnfescent
brown, at least their apical portion.
Nos. 4s8, 410, 589, .iT6, 900 are preserved in the Tring Museum, Nos. 939 and
9()5 passed into the Munich Museum, while Nos. 447 and 93S have been incorporated
in the collection of Count Berlepsch.
P. h. sturmii, P. h. hitorquatus, and the recently described P. h. reichowwi *
form a natural group, replacing each other geographically.
(«) P. hitorquatas hit.orquatiis Vig. Para district : Pani, S. Antonio do Prata,
Ourem, etc.
{h) P. bitorquatua rekhenowi Snethl. Lower Amazons : Monte Alegre, San-
tarem, Cameta, Rio Jamauchim, etc.
{c) P. bitorqitatiis sttinnii Natt. Right bank of the Rio Madeira from Borba
to Calama, and Rio Machados.
[347. Pteroglossus flavirostris mariae (iould.
Ptcniijlo^sH^ Miiriaf. Gould, Monofjr. Rliuniphast. ed. 2. pi. 30 (l>i51. — " the woods clotliiag the sides
of the Lower Amazons," errore ! coll. Hau.vwell — Penirian Anur.'ms substituted as type
locality ; cf, Hellmayr, Xoi\ ZouL xiv. p. 80).
P.fiarirot^h-'^ iiif/riae Hellmayr, Xof. ZooL xiv. p. 397 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
For characters and range of P. f. j/<tcirostris and P. f. mariae cf. ]S'oc. Zool.
.xiv. 1907. p. 83. Lately, Miss Snethlagef has recorded the latter race from
Pouto Alegre, Upper Purus, the most southerly locality as yet known.]
[348. Pteroglossus inscriptus Swains.
rtei-uijl'i.isii!s iiisi-riptm Swaiuson, Z'i'ilo,j. lllusir, (1st scr.) ii. pi. 90 (1820-"il. — ''from the iulerioi-
of Guyana," errore ! we substitute Pnid) : Pelzelti, /.<■. p. 236 (city of Mattogrosso, Forte do
Principe, Rio Guapore' ; Borba, Rio Madeira).
Right bank : Borba (Nattercr).
Specimens from the Madeira district in the Munich Museum, Natterer coll.,
agree with a good series from Para and Maranhao excepting that the black stripe
across the sides of the upper mandible immediately preceding the yellow basal
lamella is perhaps slightly broader. In the principal character, viz. the greater
portion of the lower mandible being yellow, they are exactly like Para examples.
P. inscriptus has evidently a wide range in Amazonia, south of the main valley
of the Amazons. It is not uncommon iu the vicinity of Para, where Natterer,
» Phroi/lussiis reicltenoiL'i Snetlilago, Oniitk. MoiuiLihcr. xv. p. r.)5 (I'JOT. — Monte Alegre). — I am
iudebtcd to Count Berlcpscli fni- Uic loan of a fine iipecimen securoil by Miss Snetlilage on the Uio
Jamaucliim, an eastern conlhnnl of the Uio Tapajuz. This race principally differs by tlie absence of the
yellow jugular baud.
t Joani.f. Onuth. lull's, p. 'M.
( 400 )
Wallace, and others have met with it. Schwauda forsvarded a good series frotn
Miritiha, Maranhao, to the iMniiich Musetioi. Miss Snethlage found it at Arumathena,
il. Tocantins,* and the late Mr. Hoffmanns obtained an adult male near Itaituba,
R. Tapajoz.t The great Austrian naturalist J. Natterer secured specimens at
Borba, on the right bank of the Madeira, as well as at Forte do Principe da
Beira and near the city of Mattogrosso, on the Rio Guapore.]
:i4'.>. Pteroglossus humboldti ^\'agl.
Pknif/lo-isits Iliiinhuhlli Wagler, Ny.-V. Ar. Genu.s Pteroglossus, sp. 4 (1H27. — -Brasilia" — Mus.
Monac. — descr. J ad.).
No. 323. S ad., Calama, 3. viii. 1907.— Wing 127; tail i:>5; bill i).") mm.
" Iris red, feet green, upper mandible yellow, culminal stripe, narrow basal
line and teeth black, lower mandible black excepting the yellow basal lamella."'
In coloration this bird is practically identical with Wagler's type in the Munich
Museum, but slightly smaller (type: wing 132; tail 157; bill 104 mm). From
P. iiiscripfiis the two specimens ditfer in larger sizet and much longer bill, with
the lower mandible almost wholly black. It is very strange to find P. hnmboblti
in the same region where Xatterer had met with P. inscriptiis, for we had always
looked upon them as geographical representatives. P. humboldti is widely dis-
tributed in Upper Amazonia from Eastern Ecuador down to Peru and W. Brazil
(liio Purus, etc.). Calama is the most easterly locality as yet on record.
3.")0. Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Wagl.
I'teim/lossiis Beuiilianiiieiii Vfagier, hh li^.'i-J. p. L'SU (I8.i-'.—" Brasilia, prov. Pard"— typo now in
Munich Museum) ; HellmajT, Xor. Zoo!, xiv. p. 399 (Humaytha).
Nos. 461, 404. ?? ad., Calama, 20. viii. 1907.— Wing 140, 142; tail 100;
bill 109, 97 mm.
Nos. 582, 590. ?? ad., Jamarysinho, 22, 2."). i.x. 19n7.— Wing 140, 150;
tail 175, 177; bill 108 mm.
" Iris dark red or brownish red, feet greeuish, bill : upper mandible red and
pale greeu, lower one dingy white, tip of both clear yellowish red. Bare space
round the eye pale blue."
The specimens differ from the type and other Ujiper Amazouiau skins by the
brown spots on the cheeks and throat being absent or but faintly indicated. How-
ever, this may be an individual character.
[351. Selenidera maculirostris gouldii (Xatt.).
[PtciwjlosHus nuu;nlh-oHlrh Lichtenstein, Vtrr.. Ihihl. ISn-linrr Mh^. \k 7 (1823.— Brasil).]
P. GuuUtii Natterer, Pro.: Zoot. Soc. Loud. v. IS.ST. p. 41 (1«37.— Punt in Brazil); PeUulii, /.'■.
p. 238 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
As already noticed by Pelzcln, the two sjiecimens obtained in the vicinity of
Borba have slightly longer bills and the black blotch at the base of the uiii)er
mandible more restricted than tyiiical I'ar^i birds The difference should be con-
firmed by additional material.
• Journ.f. Ornith. 190S, p. G3(i. t IKllmayr, Xor. Zool. xiv. p. 21!.
X Mcasurcracuts of /'. iMcri^itiis : -
Three adult males . Wi.iK'lU- lliu ; (ail 134— 1H7; bill 80— 82 mm.
Kivc a'lult tcmalcs . „ 110—117; „ 125—135; „ G5— 76 „
(401 )
«S'. III. youldii replaces -S'. m. macalirostris in Lower Amazonia. Its chief
character consists of the large, continuous black patch occnpyiiii;' more than the
basal half of the upper mandible, while in the South Brazilian r.ice there are several
distinctly separated transverse blotches in its stead.]
352. Coccyzus melacoryphus Vieill.
Cocci/zus melwniyjjhw: Vieillot, Xn^r. Dirt. viii. p. '.ill (1817. — ^x Azara : P.iragLiay).
CiJcci/f/iiH ii>e!aiiocnri/p)in.<: Pelzeln, I.e. p. 27.S (Birbu).
No. 49. ? ad., Calama, H!. vi. I'.MtT. " Iri-i dark brown, feet bluish black, liill
black."— Wing 120 ; tail 141 ; bill 24 mm.
E.KactI}' like specimens from Paragnay and Sonthern Brazil.
3.53. Piaya cayana obscura Snethlage.
[f'liriihix c'li/fiiiiis Lionaeus, Sii>il. .Wit. k\'\. 1. p. 1711 (17(it;. — ox Brisson : Cayenne).]
Piid/ii cin/ana olixfni;i Snethlage, Jiinrii. f, Oi'itilh. 19J8. p. 21 (Jan. 1908. — Bom Lugar, Rio Verde,
upper PuriH R., W. Brazil).
P. cuyaita Pelzeln, !.i\ p. 272 (Borba).
No. 24*1 S imm., Calama, 20. vii. 1907. " Iris clear red, feet light plumbeous,
liill greyish green."— Wing 14U ; tail 238 ; bill 27 mm.
This bird answers well to the MS. description drawn up from the typical
examples which had been forwarded for my inspection some years ago. P. c. ohsctira
resembles, on the lower parts, the well-known P. c. ciujana, of Cayenne, Gniana,
Orinoco region, etc., but the upper surface is ranch dnller, more walnut-brown, less
chestnut. Specimens from the Rio Jnrua * belong likewise to this form, which
would appear to range over a considerable portion of Csntral Amazonia, though the
exact limits (if its area are not yet known.
Notwithstanding Mr. Stone's contention,! 1 am unwilling to unite /'. r. cabdiiisi
Allen, from Mattogrosso, to /'. c. pallescen.% Cab. k Heine, for birds from
Chapada are much larger than a series from Minas and Bahia wliich I believe
to represent pallesceii.i.
[354. Piaya melanog^astra (Vieill.).
Ciiciil iix mi-lanngatler yxKiWoi, Niiur. Dirt. viii. p. 2,iC (1817. — '' Java," errore I hab. subst. Caijeniie
auct. Berl. & Hart.).
Piaya luelaiioga'^tfr Pelzeln, /.r. p. 27.^ (Borba).
Eight bank : Borba (Natterer).]
355. Neomorphus geoffroyi fTemm.).
Ciicci/zii.i i/i'iifiia/i Temminck, AV,'. PI. ml. livr. 2. pi. 7 (lS2il, —no locality : hab. siibst, Hithia. East
Brazil, auct. Hellm. ,V«--. Zual. xii. p. 29«).
No. 31. ? ad., Calama, 12. vi. 1907.— Wing 162 ; tail 203 ; bill 43 mm.
No. 1034. <S ad., Maruins, 18. vii. 1908.— Wing 164 ; tail 260 ; bill 4(1 mm.
Nos. 896, 1012. ? ?, Marnins, 1. vi., 13. vii. 190S.— Wing 158, 162 ; tail 258,
265; bill 41, 42 mm.
" Iris yellow, feet grey, bill pale grey or greenish."
• P. cai/ajta cabanisi (ucc Allen) Uiering, Neiixl. Mus Paid. \i. p. 44-'.
t Proc. Acai. N. Sci. Pliilad. Ix. part 3. publ. Jan. 1909. p. aW.
26
( 402 )
Tliese siiecimens ai^ree iu every respect with another from Pani. I suspect
that both -V. /iii<'Iiituiu (l)eville), of Eastern Peru, and X. .sd/ciiii Scl., of Central
America, will prove to bo geographical representatives of tiio jjresent species, bnt
have not yet met with eitiier of them.
[3.Vi. Tapera naevia (Linn.).
Ciiciilim naerins Linnaeus, Hijsl. Xul. xii. 1. p. 170 (1700. — ex Brisson : Cayenne).
DiplopteruK uaev'ius Pelzeln, I.e. p. 271 (Borba).
Rio Madeira : Borba (Natterer).]
[3.57. Dromococcyx phasianellus phasianellus (Spi.x).
Macropua plmaiftui'lhiii Spix, At'. Briix. i, p. 53. pi. xlii. (1821. — Tonantins, Rio Solimoens).
Dromococcyx pliasianellus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 270 (Borba) ; Hellmajr, Noi\ Zoul. xiv. p. .398 (Borba).
Riglit bank : Borba (Xatterer, Hoffmanns).
Witlely distributed in Brazil from .S. Paulo, Mattogrosso, and Bahia north to
the Amazons. In Venezuela, (('olombia?) and Central America it is rejilaced by
a larger race, 1). phasianellus mccicanus Bonap. Cf. my remarks iu Abltamll.
Bai/er. Aliacl. Wissensch. IT. Kl. xxii. 3. p. 600.]
338. Ara ararauna (Linn.).
PsiUacus Animiiim Linnaeus, Sijst. Nat. x. p. 'JO (1758.— e.x Aldrovandi, Marcgrave, etc.: "in
America meridionali ").
SiUttce (lyaniitiia Pelzeln, I.e. p. 2.'j5 (Borba).
No. — . Ad., Cialaraa, 7. i.x. 1007. " Iris pale yellow, feet and bill black, bare
skin on face whitish."
359. Ara macao (Linn.).
Psillaeus .Miieau Linnaeus, S>/.il. Xal. x. p. 90 (1758. — ex Aldrovandi, Edwards, etc. : " in America
meridionali ").
Sitlace macfiii Pelzfln, I.e. p. 254 (Bananeira, Riboirao, Borba).
Ara mttcao Hellmayr, Xoi\ Zonl. xiv. p. 405 (Humaytba).
Nos. . i$ ad., Calama, 15. vii., 30. viii. 1007. "Iris white, feet black,
upper mandible whitish with tip and base ot'tomiae black, li)wer mandible black."
30O. Ara severa (Linn.).
Psillacux sererxm Liunaens, .S^»/. A'n/. x. p. 97 (1758. — "in Indiis," crrore ! we substitute Surimim
as type locality).
Nos. 240, 241, 487, 511. J J ? ?, Calama, V.l vii., 3u. viii., 7. i.\-. l'J07. "Iris
yellow, feet and bill black, naked face pale grey."'
Tlie specimens agree with others from Cayenne and Venezuela (Canra), the
under surface of both remiges and rectrices being bright red.
[301. Ara manilata (Bodd.).
Psitiaeus manihiliix Boddaert, T,ibl. I'l. rut. p. 52 (178.!.— ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 864 : Cayenne).
Sillace maenvuaima Pelzeln, I.e. p. 255 (liorba).
Borba (Natterer). "Widely distributed in Amazonia and in the Guianas.j
( ^03 )
302. Conurus weddellii Deville.
CoiiuniK WeihhUii Deville. Itrv. Mmj. Zwil. (2) iii. p. 20'J (IH.'jI. — " Pi-bas, sur le Ilaut-Amazone") ;
Hellmayr, Nor. Zuul. xiv. p. 401 (Humaytha).
C. camhiiccalin Roth.schild, Bull. li. O. C. x\x. p. 48 (1 '.107.— Humaytha).
No. 23C. c? imm., Calania, 17. vii. 1907.— Wing 130 ; tail 115 mra.
Nos. 648, S09. ?? aJ., .lamarysiuiio, 18. ix. l'JU7 ; S. Isabel, llio I'reto,
8. X. 1907.— Wing 14(t, 142; tail 118 mm.
No. 1008. <S ad., Manieore (Las On^as), 24. viii. lOus.— Wing 14t) ; tail
115 mra.
" Iris dingy white or grey, feet and bill black."
Natterer obtained this species at the sugar-mill of (Japtain Gama, on the llio
Gnapore.*
363. Conurus leucophthalmus (P. L. 8. Miill.).
PsitlacH^ lmcoi>lithal inua P. L. S. Miiller, Xaliirsi/xl. Suppl. p. 75 (1770— ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl.
407 : Cayenne).
Cuimrus imvua Pelzeln, l.r. p. 25(5 (Borba).
No. 1060. ? ad., Manieore (Las Onras), 21. viii. 1908.— Wing 109 ; tail
101 mm.
" Iris clear brown, feet grey, bill pale grey."
No red patches on the cheeks. Agrees with Cayenne and Paragnay examples.
Cf. my remarks in Noc. Zool. xiv. p. 85.
[304. Conurus aureus (Gm.).
PsiUariis aureus Gmelin, S)/st. Nat. 1. i. p. 3"i'J (1788. — ex Brisson : ex Edwards, Glean, v. pi. 235 :
"supposed to be a native of Brazil").
Cinmrus aureus Hellmayr, Nui: Zool. xiv. p. 404 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Ilnmaytha (Ilotl'manns).
Widely distributed in Brazil south of the Amazon valley, from Mexiana and
Marauhao to Bahia and Northern S. Pauio, but, as far as I know, not yet recorded
from any locality west of the Madeira basin.]
305. Pyrrhura picta amazonum Ilellni.
[Psillacus pirlu.i P. L. S. Mviller, Nului-si/st. Suppl. p. 75 (1771;. — ex D'Aubenton, PI. eul. 144 :
Cayenne).]
Pi/rrliura picta amaztmum Hellmayr, Bull. B. 0. C. xix. p. 8 (I90G. — Obidos, Lower Amazons) ;
idem, Nor. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. :!0, 'M (Obido.^, Santarem).
Conurus Luriani (nee Deville) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bran. iii. ISliil. p. 25'J (Ribeirfio, Salto Theotonio).
C. roseifrons (nee Gray) Allen, Bull. /Cs.s-cr fnst. viii. 1876. p. 81 (Santareai).
Pi/iTliuraluciani Ihering & Ihering, Cat. Fauna Ilra-.il. i. I'J07. p. 115 (|iavt. ; Santareni) : Snetblage,
Journ.f. Ornith. I'JOH. p. ,537 (.Vrumatheua, Tocantins).
P. picta luciauii (errore !) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. 11)07. p. 404 (Humaytha).
Nos. 512, 514, 515, 510, 517, 518, 519. c?cJ, ? ? ad. ct imm., Calama, 4, 0. ix.
l;i(j7._\Ving 124—127; tail 105—115; bill 17—19 mm.
No. 812. S jnv., Allianca, IM. xii. 1907.— Wing 122 ; bill 10 mm.
No. 1063. Imm., S. Vicente, Rio Machados, 1. viii. 19(is.— Wing 120 ; tail
107 ; bill 17 mm.
Nos. 949, 1000—1004, 1037, 1038. <?c?, ? ? ad. et imm., Marnins, 27. vi.
12, 19. vii. 1908.— Wing 120—128; tail 102—117 ; bill 17—18 mm.
" Iris brown, feet and bill black."'
• I'elzeln, Zur Urn. Bras. iii. \\ 2!)8.
( 404)
The splendid series now forwarded by Mr. Hoftnianns, comprisino; both
adnlt and young birds, shows that I was mistaken in identifying his single
Hnmaytha specimen and Natterer'a skins as belonging to P. p. lucianii (J\'rt/-. Zool.
xiv. p. 404). Bnt as all the examples I then had before me were ([nite young this
error is certainly pardonable. On re-examination and comparison with the fresh
material I find that they are iiiii[iiostionably yonng birds of /'. jt. amazomim.
The latter are not always distinguishable from the corresponding stage of
P. p. lucianii, but, as a rule, they have mnch more blue on the forehead, and
brighter, more golden bnff ear-coverts. Adults are of course easily recognizable
by having no crimson whatever on the forehead, this being replaced by a rather
narrow, dull bluish band, etc., etc. Cf. Sob. Zool. xiv. pp. 3(1-7.
Miss Snethlage {in lift.) informs me that the specimen from Arumatheua
recorded s.n. P. luciaid is likewise referalile to P. p. amazonum.
The range of P. p. iima.^'OKiiiu is thus as follows : —
Arumatheua, Tocantius (Snethlage); Lower Amazons: Ubidos (Hoffmanns),
Santarem (Linden, Garbe) ; Rio Madeira : Calama, Allianca, Humaytha (Hoff-
manns), Ribeirao, Salto Theotonio (Natterer), Marnins and S. Vicente, Rio
Machados (Hoffmanns).
306. Pyrrhura rhodogaster (Scl.).
OmiirKS rhmhya^er (Natterer MS.) Sclater, Proc. Zool Soc. Loml. 1864. p. 298. pi. xxiv. (18C4.—
Borba, Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, l.r. p. 200 (Borba).
No. 948. <S ad., Maruins, 27. vi. 1903. "Iris brown, feet and bill black." —
Wing 139 ; tail 121 ; bill 20 mm. [Munich Musenm.]
This is the first specimen taken since Natterer's time, who discovered this
beautiful Parrot at Borba, farther down the river, in 1829. Like Brotogeris
chrysosema, to be mentioned hereafter, P. rhodogaster is peculiar to the Madeira
district, the only ascertained localities being Borba and Maruins.
P. rhodogaster is most nearly allied to P. perlata (Spix), from Para and
Maranhan, but, besides being larger in all dimensions, differs markedly in coloration.
The sides of the chest, the lower breast, as well as the middle of the abdomen,
are bright red (instead of green) ; the cheeks and malar region olive-yellowish
(instead of dull blue, passing into greenish anteriorly) ; the upper wing-coverts,
scapnlars, inner secondaries, and the flanks dull bluish (instead of bright green).
The head above, tail, foreneck and chest, etc., are alike in the two species.
[367. Psittacula modesta modesta Cab.
Psiltaciihi modesta Cabanis in Schomburgk, Feisen Bnt. Guiana iii. p. 727 (1848.— British Guiana :
deacr. ? ) ; Allen, Auh xx. 1903. p 213 (Saramaca River, Dutch Guiana ; crit.).
P. srlateri (nee Gray) PeUeln, I.e. p. 2G8 (Cachoeira das Pederneiras, Rio Madeira ; Marabitanai,
upper Rio Negro); Salvador!, Cat. liinh Brit. Mus. xx. 1891. p. 244 (part. : specimen v ex
Oyapoc, Cayenne); Berlepsch & Hartert, Nor. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 108 (La Union, Caura,
Venezuela).
Upper Madeira : Pederneiras (Natterer).
Through the good offices of Dr. Reicheuow I have received for examination
the type of P. modesta from the Berlin Museum, and found it to be an adult
female (without bine on the rump) of the species commonly called J', .■ir/ateri.
The stont, strong bill with the dnsky upper mandible, the broad, well-defined,
yellowish frontal band, and the clear yellow (not green) throat and sides of the
( 405 )
head prove at first sight its distinctness from P. giiiaiiensis !Sws., which is likewise
an inhabitant of British Guiana. Dr. Allen {I.e.) has pointcil ont that a Gniana
specimen {modesta) differed from another obtained on the Kio Javarri (nchteri)
" in beinu; of a lighter, more yellowish green below, particnilarly on the breast. . . ."
Examples from Oyai)oc (C!ayenne), La Union, ('aura (Venezuela), Pederneiras
(Rio Madeira), and the upper llio Negro (Marabitanas) are exactly similar to
the type of modcsfa, while a series from the Rio Napo, Sarayai^ii ((Jca)'ali, Peru),
Iquitos, Rio Javarri (type of sdateri), and (!osnipata (S.E. Pern) differ in darker
and greener general coloration, particularly of the under parts, and darker blue
rump of the males. Some of the Iquitos sjiecimens are intermediate ; but con-
sidered as a whole, the two series may easily lie told iipart. The range of the
two races is as follows : —
{a) P. modeita modesta Cab.
French Guiana : Oyapoc (Mus. Brit.) ; Dutch Guiana : Saramaca River
(Young) ; Brit. Guiana (Schomburgk). East Venezuela : La Union, Caura R.
(Andrej. North Brazil : Marabitanas, ujiper Rio Negro ; Pederneiras, Riu MadeiiM
(Natterer).
Material: 1 ? ad., Brit. Guiana (ti/pe), Berlin Museum; 1 ? ad., (Jyapoc,
Cayenne, Brit. Mas. (typical Cayenne make 1) ; 1 cJ, 1 ?, Marabitanas, 1 (? ad.,
Pederneiras, Vienna Museum ; 1 c? ad., La Union, Caura, in Tring Museum.
{b) P. modesta sdateri G. R. Gray.
Psilkiriila Sclaln-i Gray, Lixl Binis Brit. Mm. 3. ii. Psill. p. 86 (I8o',l.— Rio Javarri).
S.E. Pern : Cosnipata (Whitely). Eastern Peru: Rio Javarri (Bates), Iijuitos
(Whitely), Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett). Eastern Ecuador: Rio Napo (W.
Jameson).
Material : 3 c?<? ad., 1 ?, Rio Napo, Mus. Brit, and Tring; 1 c? ad., Rio
Javarri (tf/pe), Brit. Mus.; 2 iS, Lpiitos, 1 c?, 1 ?, Cosnipita, 1 ?, Saraya^^u,
iu Brit. Mus.]
368. Brotoo^eris sanctithomae (P. L. S. Miiil.).
Psitla-.HS si. thomae P. L. S. Miiller, .V«/«j',s-y.s7. Suppl. p. 81 (1776.— ex D'Aubenton, PI. etil. 456.
fig. 1 : " Insel St. Thomae," errore ! We substitute Bi-tizilian Amazons astyps locality).
Broinijpnjs iui Pelzeln, I.e. p. 261 (Guajaragua^u, Birba).
B. mnclitlioniae Hellmayr, .Voi'. Zool. xiv. p. 40;') (Humaytha, Paraiso).
Nos. .')41, 543, 544. d', ? ? ad., Jamarysinho, 12. i.x. lltOT.—Wing 100—105;
tail 03— GU; bill 15—14 mm.
Nos. 813, 814, 822. S ad., ? ?, Marmelios, 15, IT. xii. I'.m:.— Wing lUT— lt»3 ;
tail 59—56 ; bill 16— 15A mm.
"Iris grey, feet yellowish or reddish grey, liill brown."
Agreeing with Peruvian examples. In none of them is there a yellow streak
behind the eye.
3ri'.i. Brotogeris chrysosema Scl.
Bmtogeiyg rhri/snsemn (ex Natterer MS.) Sclater, Piw-. Znul. Sn.\ Lond. 1864. p. 298 (1864.—
"in Brasilia (Natt.)," sc. Rio Madeira); Pelzeln, Zur Oi-nilh. Bnis. iii. 1869. p. 261 (Rio
Madeira, Cachoeira das Pederneiras).
No. 727. S ad., Calama, 25. ix. 10ii7.— Wing 123 ; tail 7n ; bill 24 mm.
No. 373. ? ad., Calama, 12. viii. 1907.— Wing 120 ; tail 66 ; bill 22 mm.
No. lOlS. i ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 15. vii. 190^!,- Wing 120; U\\\ 70;
bill 24 mm.
( 406 )
No. lfm-,\ S ml., S. Vicoute, Falls of the Hio Machados, 1. viii. lOoS.— Wing
121 ; tail (K); bill L':! miu.
" Iris l)rown or dark brown, feet and bill )'ellowish grey."
This sjiecios bad never been met with since Xatterer's time, who obtained ten
specimens in the same district many years ago. Ji. clin/soscmn is most nearly
allied to B. tuipara (Um.), but diflers at a glance by having the greater upper
wing-coverts golden yellow instead of orange. Moreover, the reddish frontal edge
is of a clearer, more orange tint, the orange-red chiu-spot ratiier larger, and the
wings are somewhat longer. The other differences mentioned by Dr. Sclater—
vi/. the more yeUowish green colour of tlie plumage and more blnish crown — are
not borne out by Mr. Hoft'uianus' scries. The C'iu|)le from Calama show but a very
narrow reddish frontal edge, while in the two JIachados birds it is fnlly as broad
as in B. tuipam. lu the males the crown (as far back as the posterior margin of
the eye) is more or less washed with pale bhiish, wliereas the female has the toj)
of the head nearly uniform green.
B. chrijsosema is very likely a geograjihical representative of /.'. Iiiipara.
Up to the present tim^ it is only known from the ri^'ht bank of the U|iper Madeira
(Pederneiras to Calama) and its tributary, the Hio Machados.
B. tuipam inhabits the Lower Amazons from Para to ManAos. Mr. Hoffmanns
obtained it at Urncurituba, left bank of the llio Tapajoz,* Miss Snetblage at
Arumatheua, on the Tocantins.t The Munich Museum has lately received five
specimens from Bliiitiha, Slaranhfu), through Mr. F. Schwanda.
370. Amazona farinosa farinosa (Bodd.).
Psitlaciis ftiriiiosiis Boddaert, Tahl. PI. eiil. p. 5:.' (1783.— e.'c D'Aubeuton, PI. enl. 8(!I : Cayenne).
C'/iri/solix fiiriwiia Pelzelii. I.r. p. 2li(j (Borba).
No. 310. S ad., Calama, 31. vii. lOiiT.— Wing 240 ; tail 140; bill 43 mm.
No. 194. (?), Calama, 8. vii. UioT.— Wing 22o ; tail 12.") ; bill 41 mm.
" Iris yellow (J), brown ( ? ), feet black, bill grey."'
The male has the crown uniform light ijreen, while in the other example the
forehead is slightly spotted with yellow. Of two ailnll males obtained by Natterer
at Borba, one has a well-defined bright yellow jiatch on the anterior crown, the
other has the upper part of the head uniform green. In another i)aiier f I have
already alluded to the variability of this charac'ter, which appears to be purely
individual, not geographical. Tlie JIadeira birds agree, in size and coloration, with
a toi)oty|)ical example from Cayenne and others from Pani.
Specimens from Chiriqui and Western Ecuador do not show the mealy appear-
ance of the upper parts so conspicuous in eastern birds, and may, if this difference
be found constant, be separated as A. fariiiom iiioninti (.Salvad.). §
[3T1. Amazona amazonica (Linn.).
Psiltanis nnHKiiniciis Linnaeus, Si/st. Nut. xii. 1. p. 147 (1766.— ex Brisson, Friscb, etc. : "Suri-
nam," errore ! We fix " le piya des Amazones " (ex Brisson) as type locality).
Chi-ysolii a}iiiizn,iii-a Pelzeln, /.i-. p. L'liG (Borba).
night bank : Borba (Natterer).
This beautiful bird has a wide range in Fastern South America, being found
• Hellmayr, .^Vif. Xool. xiv. 1907. p. 28.
t Snetblage, Journ.f. Ornilli. 1!I08. p. S.'i".
J AbhiiniU. liaijer. AhaJ. Witfrntrli. II. Kl. xxii. :i. llinC. pp. .';01-2.
§ Cliri/satis Umrniila Saha'lori, Cut. IliriU Ilrit Miis. xx. p. 2M1 (ISOl.—Veragua).
(407 )
from Trinidad and Guiana sonthwaivls to Uio de Janeiro. (T. Ahhiiidl. Biujer.
Aluul. Wissensclt. II. Kl. xxii. :!. p. 5'J4.]
[373. Amazona nattereri (Finscli).
Psittacus {Chnjsolh) XaUcrcri Finsch, Johi-ii. f. Oniilli. xii. p. 411 (1854.— Cachoeira do Ban.aneira,
Rio Mamori?).
Cliri/sotis Nailereri Pelzeln, l.r. p. 26G (Rio Mamoru, Bananeiia).
Upper Madeira: Bananeira on the Uio Mamore (Natterer), September 182).
The type (an adnit male) in the Vienna Mnsenra is still the only known
specimen. ^1. nattcirri is by no means related to A. farinos'i, with whicli
Dr. Finsch compared it in the ori,u:inal description, but belongs to the gron]i of
A. aestica (Linn.) and ^1. ochroci'phala (Gm.), as I have pointed out in Abhnndl.
Bayer. Akad. Wisse/isc/i. II. Kl. xxii. 3. p. 593. It resembles these two species
in having the edge of the wing and a large wing-spccnlnm bright red, and the
base of the inner web of the onter rcctrices jjale red, but differs from .1. oclim-
cepkala, with which it agrees in the absence of yellow on the sides of the lieail,
by having a broad, bluish frontal band (instead of a narrow, green edge), and by
the sides of the head, throat, and under parts being decidedly bluish green (not
jiure green or yellowish green). The tyjie measures: wing Vi'Z ; tail 14U ; bill
31 mm.
1 have given {I.e.) an analytical key, which, I hope, will enable ornithologists
to distinguish .1. mittcrrri from its allies. Although the ty[ie is slightly albiuistic,
1 think there can be no doubt that it rejiresonts a perfectly distinct furiu.]
373. Amazona festiva (Linn.).
Psitlarnx fejsl'ivvs Linnaeus, Sijsl. Nal. x. p. ]()1 (1708. — "in Indiis," errore ! Wo fix as type
locality the "Brazilian Amazons"; cf. .\hhamV. Bayer. Akivl. Wissensdi. II. Kl. xxii. H.
p. 5;t2j.
Chri/sotis /estiva Pelzeln, l.r. p. 265 (Burba).
Nos. 381,506. t?? ad., Calama, V2. viii., 2. ix. 1UU7.— Wing 21ii ; tail 110,
108 ; bill 38 ram. " Lis yellow or red, feet and bill grey."
This bird has a rather restricted range in Amazonia, and is not very common
in collections. Natterer obtained specimens on the upper Rio Branco, in the Kio
Negro district, and near Borba. It also occurs in Eastern Peru, and possibly
in Guiana.
374. Graydidascalus brachyuriis (Kuhl).
rsillacii.^ briirhi/iiriis Kuhl, CmiKp. J'sill. p. 72 (1820.— " Cajana ").
Pionias brachyuriis Pelzeln, I.e. p. 262 (Borba).
No. 432. (? ad., Calama, 20. viii. 1907.—" Iris yellowish red, feet grey, bill
blackish green." — Wing 148 ; tail 58 ; bill 27 mm.
Slightly larger than a specimen from Manaos, but not otherwise different.
Its reported occurrence in Cayenne ajipears to be open to doubt.
375. Pionws menstrnus menstruus (Linn.).
Psittanis meiislruus Linnaeus, %.s7. Xat. xii. 1. p. 148 (1766.— ex Edwards -hab. ign.— et Brisson :
" Guiane," sc. Cayenne).
Nos. 123, 276, 473, 48(5, 493, 494, 490, .505. <?,?,? ?, Calama, 28. vi., 27. vii.,
27, 30, 31. viii., 1. ix. 1907.— Wing 185—200 mm.
(408 )
Nos. 41(5. c? ad., (Jiilama, island of Sta. Biirba, 1^. viii. lOoT.— Wing I'.ii) ram.
Nos. o3T, 592. SS ad., Jamarysiaho, II, ^fi. i.\. 1907.— Wiog VXi, ISO mm.
"Iris browu, feet and bill dark grey or black, a large patch at the base of the
upper mandible near its lower edge red."
Identical with specimens from Guiana, W'uczuela, Eastern Ecuador, etc.
[376. Pionus fuscus (P. I>. S. Mull.).
Psittaciis fuxi-ns P. L S. Milller, y,iliiisi/>il. Suppl. p. 78 (1776.— ex Edward.*, Gleuii. vii. pi. M5,
and D'Aubenton. PI. enl. 408 : Cayenne).
Pioiiias violaieus Pelzeln, /.( . p. "264 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Specimens fVom Borba, Pani, and Manaos do not differ from Gnianan ones.]
377. Pionopsitta barrabandi (Kuhl).
PsMacus Barrabatidi Kuhl, Consp, Psitl. p. 61 (18211.—" Brasilia").
Pioiiias Barrabandi Pelzeln, /.<■. p. "262 (Salto do Girao).
No. 318. ? ad., Calama, 1. viii. 10ii7.— Wing 163 ; tail 71 ; bill L'3 mm.
No. lixil. S iul., S. Vicente, Rio Machados, 1. viii. 11mi8.— Wing inij; tail 77;
bill 24 mm.
"Iris brown, feet dark grey, bill blackish."
These birds dilfer from two others from Nortli Brazil by having the cheeks
and thighs much more deeply coloured, bright reddish orange. A series from
various localities is required to show whether this divergency is individual or
geographical. Natferer procured specimens at Salto do Girao, higher up the Rio
Madeira, ;is well as in several places on the upper Uio Negro.
[378. Gypopsitta vulturina (Kuhl).
Psittacus vulturinus (lUiger MS. ) Kuhl. Conn/,. Pi^fl. p. 02 ( 1820.—" Brasilia).
Piouias ouUurimis Pelzeln, /.c. p. 262 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
This singular bird has a very limited range,* being hitherto only known from
the Para district, where Wallace and Robert secured several e.xamples, and from
BorVia, on the Lower Madeira, whence Natterer forwarded two specimens to the
Vienna Museum. In coloration it e.\actly resembles I', havvahiiiidi, but may be
recognized by its naked head, borden'd posteriorly by a broad, light yellow band.]
[3711. Pionites leucogaster xanthomerius (Sol.).
{^Pultacm UvMgaii-r (Illiger MS.) Kuhl, Cwi^p. P.^itl. p. 70 (1820.—" Brasilia," sc. Pari).]
Caica j-Milhnm-ri,, (G. R. Gray MS.) Sclater, Pi;<: Zm\. So.: L-m1. xxr, 18i7. p. 2'.fi (.Ian. 18.58.—
Rio Javarri).
Pinniai xantlinmvii.i Pel/.eln, /.■-. p. 263 (Ri^i Machado.*).
Rio Machados (Natterer).
Besides the types in the British Museum, I have examined Natterer's two
skins at Vienna, an adult male from the Rio Jurua in Mns. Berlepsch, and a male
from Teffe at Tring. Cf. Trto. Znnl. xiv. p. 80.]
• G. ruUnrinia apud Berl. i: Hart., -Vor. Xool. ix. 1902. p. lI(l(Caura, Venezuela), refers to Deroptywt
a. aceipitriiiiu (Linn.). 1 have examined tlic specimens in the Tring Museum.
( 409 )
[380. Gypagus papa (Linu.).
Vidt'tr Pitjii Linnaeu:, Sysl. Xnl. x. p. Hi (175>*, — ex Edwards & Albin : ''India occidentatis,"
errore ! hab. substit. Surinam, aut. Berlepscb).
Sarenrhiiniphus papii Pelzeln, /.<•. i. 1867. p. 1 (Borba).
Borba fNatterer).]
381. Ibycter ater (Vieill).
Daptr'nis ater Vieillot, Analyse Ornitli. elem. p. 68 (1816. — " le Briisil ").
Ihi/cler ater Hellmayr, Xov. Znol. xiv. p. 405 fBorba).
No. 380. S ad., Galama, 13. viii. lOiiT. " Iris browu, feet yellow, bill black,
cere and bare skin of the face bright yellow."
Widely distributed in Amazonia.
[38',>. Ibycter americanus (Bodd.).
Falco americanus Boddaert, Tahl. PL enl. p. lb (178.3. -ex D'Aubenton. PI. enl. 417 : Cayeane).
IbycHr ameriranna Pekeln, l.r. p. 2 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). This species has a wide range in tropical
South America.]
[383. Micrastur brachypterus (Temm.).
Fa,lrn bravhypterns Temminck, Her. I'l. ml, ph. 116 (juv.), 141 (aduU) (1822.— "au Breail, a la
Guyane, et au Paraguay").
.Micrastur bractiypterus Pelzelu, I.e. p. 7 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nor. Z lol . xiv. p. 4(1 j (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).]
384. Micrastur mirandoUei (Schlegel).
Astnr MirandoUei Sohlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierh. i. p. 130 (1863. — Surinam).
No. 775. ? ad., Alliauca, 11. .\i. 1907.— AVing -^65 ; tail 20U ; tarsus 55; bill
(from cere) "24 mm.
" Iris and feet yellow, bill black."
This bird, evidently a very old female, differs from an adult male i)rocnred near
Pani, in November 1834, by Natterer (one of the types of .U. m'"Tor/ii/iif/iiis Pelz.*),
in the following particulars : the top and sides of the head are black (instead of
slate-grey like the back; ; the feathers of the sides of the body are uniform white,
showing no trace of the dusky shaft-lines so conspicuous a feature in the Para
specimen; the light cross-bands of the tail are greyish ash (instead of sepia-brown) ;
the lower mandible is black, not yellow. Otherwise the two examples are very
similar, e.xcept that the AUianca bird, being a female, is decidedly larger.f lu
both the lower surface, from the chin to the under tail-coverts, is uniform white.
M. mii-aniloUt'i is new to tlie fauna of tiie Rio Madeira, but it had been obtained
at Chyavetas, in Northern Peru, by E. Bartlett,J and in various localities in North
Brazil by J. Natterer.
* Relse der Norara. Vogel, p. U (ISG.5.— Barm do Rio Xegro; 8. Maria do Rio Branoo; Pari),
t Natterer's specimen measures : wing 'l^i ; tail 194 mm.
% 8clatei- *: Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 18(57. pp. 753, 739.
( 410 )
385. Micrastiir gilvicoUis (Vieill.).
Sparviiis i)ilvkollh Vicillot, .Yr<?ii'. Did. x. p. 3J.1 (1817. — loc. igQ. : we substitute Cayennr ; type in
Paris Museum ex.imined).
Miciasliir gilriciillix Pilzcln, l.r. p. 7 (Borbu) ; Hellmayr, Xm-. Znol. .xiv. p. 405 (Borba).
No. 624. S ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 4. .\. l'.H)T._Wiiij,' 170; tail 163 mm.
"Iris and feet yellow, Mil blacU, base of lower inaudible, eere, and bare space
round the eye yellow."
This bird eoiubine.s the projiortioa of the toes (outer decidedly longer than
inner) of Jf. jjclzelni Hidgw.* witli the unbarred, uniform white abdomen
of J/, gihicollis. Another (immature) specimen, secured by Mr. Hoffmanns
on liis first jonriiey to the Madeira district, is, liowever, typical of </ilri<-ollis. I
am sorry to say that, after e.\amiiiing large series of these birds, 1 am unable to
distinguish between ^f. gilricollis and M. pelzelni. The differences put forward
by Mr. liidgway in his " JMonograph of the Genus Micrastur,"t the most compre-
hensive and elaborate paper ever publislied on these jiuzzling birds, are evidently
individual variations of the same species. This is conclusively proved by a series
of twelve adults from British Guiana ((jnonja, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, River
Carimang; H. Whitely, jnn., coll.) in the British Museum. Six specimens have
the inner and outer foes nearly of ecjiial length, a feature claimed by Ridgway for
M. concriitricus (= qildcoHis Yieill.). In two of them the lower breast, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts are unbarred white, in three others {S Camacnsa, i ? Bartica
Grove) the latter show more or less distinct dusky cross-lines, while a female from
Quonja has all the under j)arts (except throat) regularly and even more broadly
banded with blackish than the type of M. pchdni. The six other examples have
the outer toe decidedly longer than the inner one {" pi'l.^cl/ii") ; the amount of
dusky barring on the belly preseuts the same variation as described iibove. It
must be admitted that the type of .1/. pchrlni {6 ad., Sarayaru, Ucayali, Eastern
Peru : E. Bartlett coll., August '2, 1S(!5 : Brit. Mns.) has the throat slightly greyer,
but other Peruvian skins, particularly au adult lualo from Iqnitos, do not differ in
this respect from the Guianan series, some of which are, besides, decidedly inter-
mediate in the jiroportion of the lateral toes.
[386. Dinospizias pectoralis (Bonap.).
Axtiir ppclnralh Bonaparte, Rrc. Mag. Zonl. (-1) ii. p. 4',M) (IB.'jO. — ■Brvsil"); Pelzeln, I.e. p. G
(Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
This remarkable species seems to me geuerieally distinct from any of the
American Accipiters. Natterer, besides one at liorba, obtained two examples
in the vicinity of Ypanema, S. Paulo. Euler forwarded a single adult male from
Ganfagallo, ]irov. Rio de Janeiro, to the Berlin Museum, | and Count Berlepsch
possesses a Bahia skin. Although very rare in collections, it appears to be rather
widely distributed in Brazil.]
3^7. Accipiter superciliosus (Linn.).
Falco siiperciliiiHux Linnaeus, ^i/si. Xnl. xii. 1. p. !:;>> (17ljl). — Surinam : juv.).
Accijitter thiits auct.
No. 043. ? imm., Maruins, •,'•,'. vi. I'.mS. " Iris and feet yellow, bill blark." —
AViiig 135 ; tail 98 mm.
• I'roe. .lead. Alt. .Sri. Philad. 1S75. p. 4!(4 (Saiayaju, Cppcr Ucavali, E. I'eru).
t Proc. Acad. N..'. Sci. I'hilad. 1S75. pp. 470.502. J Cabanis, Journ.f. Oinilh. 1874. p. 228.
( 411 )
I agree with Mr. Uidgway * tliat there ia no reason for rejecting Linn.aens'
name, which is accomi)anied In- a mucii better description than Latham's generally
accepted term li/u/s.t
A. siipcrciliosus has a wide range in trojncal South America.
[3SS. Asturina nitida nitida (Lath.).
Faico iiilidiin Latham, Jinl. Orii. i. p. 41 (IT'.IO. — Cayenne).
Asliiritia nitida Pelzein, I.e. p. 3 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Generally distribntcd over tropical South America I'rom Suiitlieru Brazil uurth
to Guiana and Panama.]
389. Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (Cim.).
Fairo majiih-nslrix Gmehn, %,,/. Xal. 1. i. p. 282 (1788.— 3x D'Aubniton, I'l. eul. 401 : Cayenne).
Asfiir iiiarrorhipichux Pelzein, l.r. p. G (Borba).
Rujifiniis m. mtigiiimslris Ilellmayr, Xoi: Znul. .xiv. p. 40G (Humaytha).
No. 510. ? ad., Calama, 3. \x. 1907.— Wing 2ii5 ; tail l.")4 mm.
No. 882. ? ad., Marmellos (left bank), 29. xii. ]90:.— Wing 223 ; tail loT mm.
No. 327. ? juv., Calama, 2. viii. 1907.
"Iris an<l feet yellow, bill black, cere yellow."
The adult female from ( 'alama is typical of m'u/iiirostris, agreeing perfectly
with our large series from (Jayenne and Venezuela (Caura). The chest is ashy,
slightly tinged with pale fnlvescent, and the cross-bars of the lower brea'it and
belly are light rufescent brown. Tli(3 JFarmellos bird, on the oMier hand, is much
more rufous underneatli, the chest b?ing bright cinnamon and the cross-band.s of
the belly and tliighs being more deeply rufescent. It is practically identical with
an adult bird from EI Loreto, Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador, in the Munich Museum,
while other specimens from the same district closely resemble typical m/tr/nirost/i.s.
Two adult males from the Rio Pnrns, and an adult female from the Upper Ucayali,
have similarly coloured nnder parts to those of the Marmellos e.vample. Without
additional material it is impossible to say whether these rufous specimens are
merely intergrades between tmgnirostri.s and iiatteri-ri (from the latter of which
they are not easily distinguisluible) or represent a constant, peculiar race.
[3911. Busarellus nigricoUis (Lath.).
Falco nigricollin Latham, Ind. Oni. i. p. 3.') (IT'.IO.— Cayana).
Bumrellus nirjrirolUx Hellm.ayr, Nnv. Z,„,l. xiv. p. 4O0 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Iloffmauns).]
[391. Ui'ubitinga urubitinga (Gm.).
Fah-n nruhiUnga Omclin, %s^ N.il. I. i. p. •>[;:, (1788— ex Brisson ■ ex Marcgrave : Eastern
Brazil).
Unibitiiign hranilieiislii Pelzein, l.r. p. ■> (Cachoeira do Madeira, Borba).
< 'achoeira do Madeira, Borba (Natterer).
Ranges all over tropical America from Paraguay to Costa Rica.]
• Jiull. Cfl. Ocol. and Oeni]. Sun: Terr, for April IKTi;. ii. Xo. 2. ji. 121!.
t Ind. Ornith. i. ITUO. [i. 50 (Cayenne).
(412)
[:!r)J. Leucopternis schistacea (Sundev.).
A^turhn xMsltei SanleviM, ft/'cerg Wlnishijisuh. Fiiihnmll. vii. No. 5. p. 13--'. note 3 (1850.—
"Brasilia").
Urnbiliniju schhiiicea Pelzcln, I.e. p. "2 (Boiba).
Leiicnptenih scUislarM UcUmayr, Sov. Ziml. xiv. p. 4Uf) (Humaj'tha).
Left biiiik : Ihiiuiudiii (Hofl'mauns) ; right bank : Borba (Natterer).
This is an exclusively Amazonian sjiecies. Natteier. in addition to the one
from Borba, obtained a second specimen at Manaos ; E. Bartlett secured several on
the banks of the Ucayali, Peru ; and the U.S. Museum of Washington possesses an
adnit male sent by J. Haiixwell from Pebas, Pern,* etc.]
[393. Leucopternis albicollis (Lath.).
Fako albicollis Latham, 1ml. Urn. p. 36 (1700.— Cayana).
Lfiif.nplernix nlbirollh Pelzeln, I.e. p. 3 (Bananeira, Borba).
]{io l\Iadeira: Bananeira, Borba (Natterer).
Tills bird Is only t'ouiid in Amazonia, Guiana, and Trinidad.]
3;)4. Leucopternis kuhli Bonap.
Leucopln-iiis Kulili Bonaparte, Cmisp. Av. i. p. \'.\ (1><40.— no locality).
L. sii/iinilkiris Pelzeln, I.e. p. 3 (Borba.)
No. 1100. ? vix ad., Marnins, •'>. vi. VMS. "Iris deep yellow, feet yellow,
bill blackish, cere orange." -Whig 'J IS; tail 152; bill (from the anterior edge of
the cere) 2.J mm.
This bird is not quite adult, some of the upper tail- and ujiper wing-coverts
being narrowly fringed with rufescent.
L. kuhli "is as yet only known from the vicinity of Para, and from the right
bank of the Rio Madeira (Borba, Maruins). Cf. Soi: Zool xiii. 1906. pp. 3S2-3.
[395. Thrasaetus harpyia (Linn.).
V,dtu,- Harp'jia Linnaeu., .%.,/. Xal. xii. 1. p. l-'l (176f..-e.x Hernandez & Marcgrave: Mexico).
.Mmjihnux Hivptiia Pelzeln. I.e. p. 4 (Borba).
Left bank : opposite Borba (Natterer).]
[390. Spizaetus tyrannus (Wied).
Faleo hjvamwK Wied,-flf/«! Brasd. i. p. 3i;o (lS2U.-Quartel dos Arcos, Rio Belmonte, Bahia, East
Brazil).
Sjilzaetim Tiji-iniiiiis Pelzeln. I.r. p. 4 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).]
[3117. Spizaetus ornatus (Dand.).
Faleo onutln^ Daudin, Traile. dOrn. ii. p. 77 (1800.— ex LevaUlant ; Cayenne).
Spiza^tui ornatus Pelzeln, I.r. p. 4 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).]
• Ridgwav, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geo . Sure. Terr, for .ipril 187G. ii. Xo. 2. p. 172.
(413)
[398. Herpetotheres cachinnans (Linn).
Fiilro eiu-hiiiiianx Linnaeus, Sy.t. Xat. x. p. yO (17j8. — ex Rolander : " America meridionalis," hab.
subst. Surinam, auct. Berlepsch, \or. Z'lol. xv. p. i'JO).
Herpetotheres rachtnnnna Pelzeln, t.c. p. 7 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).]
3',t'J. Elanoides forficatus (Limi.).
Fiilru fiirfinilii« Linnaeus, %«/. Xnl. x. p. 89 (1758, — ex Catesby : Cirolina).
Nos. ()89, 090, 094. H ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 12, 14. .\. 1 im:.— " Iris
brown, feet tlark grey, bill black."
This is a common winter visitor to Brazil. Natterer met with it near Para and
at varions localities in S. Panlo.*
4ni». Leptodon uncinatus (Temm.).
Fairo uiiiiiiatiis Temminck, life. PI. nil. tab, 10:i, 104, 115 (1822. — "ilepuis les environs de Rio-de-
Janeiro jusque vers le nord du Brt-sil et dans toute la Guiane "),
No. 521. Jnv, (not sexed), Calama, 7, i.x. 1907.— Wing 285; tail 200 mm.
" Iris blnisli white, feet yellow, bill black."
Identical with specimens in corresponding plumage from Gniana, etc.
401, Gampsonyx swainsonii Vig.
Gamp^o/iy.c Sivtciit^onli Vigors, Zuolog. Jniirn. ii, p. lUi (1825. — Babia, Brazil).
No. 438. ? imm., Calama, 22. viii. 1907. — " Iris red, feet yellow, bill black." —
Wing 105 ; tail 102 mm.
Not different from Veneznelan ((Janra) specimens. This little Falcon has a
wide range in Central and South America.
402. Harpagus bidentatus (Lath.).
Falco bidentatus Latham, L,il. Oni. i. p. .S8 (1790.—" Cayana ').
Harpagus bidentatus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 5 (Salto Girao, Borba).
No. 270. (5 jnv,, Calama, 25, vii, 1907. — " Iris yellowish red, feet yellow,
bill black."
This bird is in transition from the white-bellied jnvenile plumage into the
rnfous-bellied of the adult. The thighs are bnffy white.
403. Ictinia plumbea (Gm.j.
Falcu piumbeu^ Gmelin, Si/^t. Nat. 1, i, p. 28.J (ex Latham : Cayenne).
Ictinia plumbea Hellmayr, ;Vi>i', Zool. xiv, p. 406 (Humiytha),
No. 358. <i ad., Calama, 9. viii. 1907. — Wing 2S(I ; tail 130 mm. " Iris red,
feet yellow, bill black."
[404. Lophostrix cristata (Dand.).
Slrix cristata Daudin, Tntite d'Dru. ii. p. 207 1 1800. — '■ Guiane " sc. Cayenne).
Bubo rristatux Pelzeln, /■■. p. 9 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Ranges from Guiana to Lower Amazonia and Eastern Ecuador.]
* Pelzeln, Orn. Bras, i, 1867. p. G : .\'aitcleru.</iircatui.
( 414 )
[40."). Otus* watsonii (Cass.).
EpUialte.f Watmnii Ca<sin, Piuc. Acml. I'hilml. iv. p. 123 (Dec. 1848. — " South Americ.% ") : Joimt.
Acail. Philail. ii. pt. ii. Jan. 1852. p. ',15. tab. xii. fig. 1.
Piani-hiiia M'alx'niii Hellmayr, Nor. Znul. xiv. p. 407 (Flum.'iytha).
EjthitiHes alririijiiUds Pelzeln, I.e. p. 1' (part. : Engenbo doGama, Mato^rosso, RioGuapore ; Borba,
Uio Madeira ; Rio Negro).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer) ; left bank : Hiinia_vtlia (lloffinaiiiis).
Dr. Lorenz has kindly sent rae fonr of Natterer'.s specimens (c? ad., Rio Negro,
January 13, 1831; c? ? ad., Borba, Jniy 183U ; S ad., Borba, March 1830). Two
agree perfectly with Hoft'iuanns' skin from Humaytha and others from Eastern
Ecuador, while a male from Borba is rather paler underneath. The fourth e.-cample
(cJ, Borba) is in the rufous phase. O. ivatsonii is perfectly distinct from 0. c.
crucigerus, as pointed out by me I.e.
S. utricapiUa Temm.,t based upon a Xatlereriau skin from Rio, is evidently the
same as Scops sanctae-catarinae Salv.,| over which name it lias priority by many
years.]
[40(i. Otus choliba crucigera (Spix).
[Slrie rhnVihii Vieillot, Kuur. Dirl. vii. p. .^'.i (1817.— ex Azara No. 48 : Paraguay).]
Strir d-ucUjera Spi.x, Ar. llnii. i. p. 22. pi. ix. (1824. — ' juxtaflumen Amazonum ").
Ejiliialles CIioIUm Pelzeln, I.r. p. ".t (Borba).
Borba (Natterer).
The single specimen in the Vienna Museum seems best to agree with the
Amazonian race. Cf. Abhumll. Bayer. Ahad. Wisaensch. xxii. 3. p. 57;").]
[407. Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum (Gra.).
Str'iT. hrosiliaiM Gmelin, Si/.^t. X,ii. 1. i. p. 28'J (1788.— ex Brisson : ex Marcgrave— Eastern
Brazil).
Athene Jin-uijiufK Pelzeln, I.e. p. H (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).]
[408. Asio stygius (Wagler).
Ni/elulops xlyji'i" Wagler, Isix 1832. p. 1221 (18S2.— '■ in Brasilia sive in Africa meridionali "—
Mu3. Eichstiitt. Tlie type, now in the Munich Museum, is marked " Brazil from the province
Miiiux frVraiis").
Oliix styii'ius Pelzeln, I.e. p. 10 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Tliis singular species ranges throughout Brazil from the Rio Negro southwards
to Rio Grande do SnI. Having never seen Cuban specimens, I cannot say whether
they are really identical with the Brazilian ones.]
[4<i0. Syrnium superciliare Pelz.
S^yrn'ium xvpereiViare Te\i£\n. Veihiiuill. Zuul. But. G'e«"//si7i. Wieii xiii. p. 1120 (18G3.— City of
Jlattogrcsso, Kio Guaporc) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 407 (Borba).
Right bank : city of Mattogrosso (Natterer), Borba (Hoffmanns).
Also recorded from Para (Wallace).]
• O^MS takes the place of y'(,«'r/i/«(/ and .SV(y>.v, Cf. Allen, Jhill. .Inter. Jfits. N. Yxrh xxiii li»07.
p. 334.
+ Strix atricapilla Temminck, PI. col. livr. 25. pi. 145 (1622.—" Brisil— MusCe ile Vienne ").
X Sahii), HiiU. II. O. ('. \i. p. xxxvii. (1837.— Southern Brazil).
(415 )
41(1. Pulsatrix perspicillata (Lath.).
Slrix perspiriHala Latham, Imt. (hn. i. ]>. [>H (17'JO. — ex ''Spectacle Owl " Latham, (ieii. Syii. Birih
Snppl. p. no. tab. cvii. = juv. : Cayenne).
Ptil.iatrix persjiicillulii Hellmayr, Xor. Zwil. xiv. p. 40lj (Ilumaytlia).
Athene torquakt Pelzeln, /.c. p. 8 (Borba).
No. 1020. ? ad., Marniiis, lU. vii. I'.MiS. " Iris yellow, feel, grey, bill greenish
yellow."— Wing 32U ; tail 2u0 mm.
[411. Ciccaba huhula huhula (Dand.).
Sirix liuhihi Daudin, Tra'ile d'Oni. ii. p. r.lll (^l.SUO.— ex Leyaillant, Olx. d'Aj'i: i. pi. 41 :
Cayenne).
Athene huhuhi Pelzeln, I.e. p. 8 (Boiba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
This specimen agrees well with other.s from Cayenne and Rio de Janeiro in tlie
collection of the Municii Mnsenra.]
[412. Columba speciosa Gm.
Oilumba speeioisa Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 783 (IT8;i.— ex D'Aubanton, PI. enl. -213 : Cayenne).
Lepiiloeiuis speciosa Pelzeln, I.e. p. 274 (Ribeirao).
Rio Madeira : Ribeirao (Natterer).
Ranges as far as Mattogrosso in the sonth, and to Para in the east.]
413. Columba rufina sylvestris Vieill.
[Columha rufina Temtninck & Knip, Pigeons i., fam. sec, p. 59. pi. 24 (1808-11. — "la Guyane
fran^aise ").]
C. sylpesli-iii VieiUot, Nouv. Dirl. xxvi. p. 300 (1818. — ex. Azara, No. ;1UI : Paraguay) ; see Chubb,
Ibis I'JIO. p. 5'.) (crit. & hab.).
No. 500. (J ad., Calama, 1. i.K. 1907. "Iris yellow, feet red, bill black. "^
Wing IS;") ; tail 105 ; bill 18 mm.
This bird agrees with South Brazilian skins in having the basal portion of the
rectrices dull blackish, in decided contrast to the pale cinereous apical band, and
the under tail-coverts light slate-grey. Mr. Chubb (/.f.) having ascertained that
Parau'uayan examples are the same as those from Brazil, there is no longer any
doubt about the proper application of the name si/livntri.-i. The dark-taileil form
appears to range, in the north, as far as Para and Me.xiana Island, though 1 have not
examined specimens from these places.
414. Columba plumbea pallescens Snethl.
[Colninba plnmbea Vielllot, Nouv. Diet, x.xvi. p. 358 (1818. — " rapporte du Br^sil par M. Delalande
fila " — sc. Rio de Janeiro).]
Columba plumbea pilleseens Snethlage, Journ.f. Ornith. Ivi. p. 22 (l'J.)8.— Bom Lugir, Rio Purus—
type examined).
Chloroenas plumbea Pelzeln, I.e. p. 275 (part. : " var. subtua colore vinaceo iaduta" — Engeaho do
Gama, Borba).
No. 521). S ad., Jamarysinho, ',>. Ik. 1907.— Wing 1(U ; tail 130; bill 15 mm.
No. 528. ? ad., Jamarysinho, 0. is.. 1907.— Wing 100 ; tail 130; bill 14 mm.
No. 781. d ad., Allianca, 12. .\i. 1'.mi7.— Wing 107; tail 14ti ; bill 14 mm.
" Iris brown, feet dark red, bill black."
(416 )
These birds are nndonbtedly distinct from C. //. pUimhea Vieill., of Eastern
Brazil (Baliia to Santa C'atharina) and ''. p. hafri Hellm., from the state of Goyaz.
From the former they differ in tlieir nineh smaller size, slenderer as well as shorter
bill, and by having the head, neck, and lower parts bright lilac, while C. p. baeri
may be recognized by its pearl-grey under snrfaca, etc. The female from
Jaraarysinbo is rather more vinaceom on both head and lower ])arts than ttie
males, agreeing in that respect witli a male obtained by Natterer at Engenho
do (iama, on the Rio Gaapore. A second male and a female from the last-named
locality are again somewhat dift'erent, being mnch paler in coloration, especially
the female, which appears to agree with the description of C. p. jialli'xcens.
Some years ago I examined the type of ^liss Snethlage's race and found it
nearly identical with a bird from Para.
C. p. pallescens from Amazonia is, however, exceedingly close to C. p. bo(jotensix
Berl. & Lev.,* thongh Colombian specimens seem to be rather larger and to have a
greyish tinge on the crown. Withont large series from ditferent localities it will
be impossible to arrive at definite eonclnsions respecting the varions races of the
phimbea gronp.
[41.J. Columbula picui picui (Temm.).
O'/iimh-, pieiii Temminck, ffisl. X,,l. Pig. el Gall. i. pp. 435, 498 (18l;i.— ex Azara, No. 3l'4 :
Paraguay).
CiAiimhiilii picui Hellmiyr, .Yf<c. Z iil. xiv. p. 40? (Humaytha).
Left bank : Hnmaytha (Hoffinanns).
The female obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns agrees with others from Bahia and
Argentine. In North-Eastern Brazil : Piauhy and Cearti, the typical race is replaced
by C. picui strepitaits (Spix). Cf. Hellmayr, Ahhandl. Bai/er. Akad. Wissensc/i.
xxii. 3. 190G. p. GOO, and Chubb, Ibis 1910. pp. dl --,'.]
416. Columbina t talpacoti (Temm. & Knip).
Coliimlia lul/uicoli Temniinok \- Knip, litsl. Nat. Pigeons i., fam. trois., p. 22. pi. xii. [s.n. " C.
miniiia "] (1808-11. — " TAnn'rique mi'ridionale '').
Nos. 294, 729, 732. 6 fere ad., <S i ynv., Calama, 20, 29. x. 1907.— Wing
89—90; tail 06— (19 ; bill 11—12 mm.
Nos. 1056, 10.')7, 1058, 1059. S vix ad., S3 imm., ?, Maruins, 24, 25. vii.
1908.— Wing 87^91 ; tail 04—09 ; bill 12 mm.
" Iris yellow or pale brown (294), feet tlesh-colonr or greyish red, bill black."
New to the fanna of the Rio Madeira, bnt Natterer \ had secured it at Sao
Vicente, Rio Guapore, in the vicinity of Para, etc., etc.
417. Leptotila rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard).
" Cnhimha (liii/u.ri/hi)" Richard et Bernard, Act. Sue. iVIlM. Xal. Pnrisl. i. p. IIH. No. 74 (1792
— Cayenne).
Leptoplila rii/axilhi Pelzein, I.e. p. 279 (Borba).
No. 299. (J ad., Calama, 30. viii. 1907. " Iris yellowish grey, feet red, bill
black."— Wing 140 ; tail 105 ; bill 16 ram.
Agrees well with (inianan specimens.
• 0/vii.< vi. p. .12 (1890. — Bogot4).
+ Cf. Allen, .4i/* .\xt. 1908. pp. HOl-6.
J Orn. Bias. iii. p. 277.
(417)
418. Geotrygon montana (Linn.).
Columba montana Linnaeus, Syst. Nut. x. p. lijlj (1758. — ex Edwards & Sloane : Jamaica).
Oreojjelfia inmitami Pelzeln, I.e. p. 279 (Borba).
Geotri/gon montana Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 407 (Humaytha).
Nos. 268, 286, 357, 394, 437. c?c? juv., ? ? jnv., Calama, 25, 29. vii., S, 15,
20. viii. 1907.
No. 777. c^ juv., Allianca, 11. xi. 1907.
" Iris greyisli or yellowish brown, feet light red, bill reddish grey."
419. Odontophorus gujanensis gujanensis (Gm.).
Tetrao gujanensis Gtnelin, Si/st. Nat. 1. ii. p. 767 (1789. — ex Buffon : Cayenne).
Odontophorus guianensis Pelzeln, l.r. p. 289 (S. Vicente, Rio Guapori' ; Forte do Principe da Beira,
Borba, Rio Madeira).
No. 684. ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 12. x. 1907.— Wing 135; tail 64; bill
17 mm. " Iris brown, feet blackish brown, bill black."
This bird agrees well with Cayenne skins, but the dusky vermiculations of the
under parts are slightly less distinct, and there is very little dusky spotting on the
lower back and rump. The bill, too, is somewhat deeper and stouter. Whether
separable from gujanensis or not, it is quite distinct from O. g. marmoratits Gould,
of Bogota, etc. The latter has been recorded by Miss Snethlage * from the
R. Ta2)ajijz, but this can hardly be correct, for specimens from the Para district
belong with 0. g. gujanensis. (Jf. Nov. Zool. xii. p. 304.
420. Odontophorus stellatus Gould.
Ortijx (Odonlophorns) stellatus Gould, Pro:: /Cool. Sor. Lnnd. x. 1842. p. 183 (Feb. IBt.?.— Brazil).
Odontophorus stellatus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 290 (Bananeira, Borba).
No. 735. c? ad., Calama, 30. x. 1907.— Wing 146 ; tail 75 ; bill 22 mm.
No. 509. (? imm., Calama, 3. ix. 1907. -Wing 149 ; bill 22 mm.
Nos. 734, 574. ?? ad., Calama, 30. x. 1907 ; Jamarysinho, 19. ix. 1907.—
Wing 132, 136 ; tail 06, 67 ; bill 18, 20 mm.
" Iris pale brown, feet light green, bill black or dark grey."
0. stellatus is an Upper Amazonian type, ranging from the Napo and Eastern
Pern to the Madeira Valley, but does not appear to occur farther east.
[421. Crax globulosa Spix.
Crax i/lobulosa Spix, .Ir. Bras. ii. p. 50. pis. Ixv. (mas.), Ixvi. (fern.) (1825. — "in sylvis fl. Soli-
moens"); Pelzeln, I.e. p. 288 (Rio Guapore ; Bananeira, Piori, Salto Theotonio, Borba, Rio
Madeira).
Rio Madeira : Bananeira, Piori, Salto Theotonio, Borba (Natterer). Cf. my
remarks in Abliandl. Bayer. Akail. ]Vissensck. xxii. 3. pp. 683-4.]
422. Mitu mitu (Linn.).
Crar mitu Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. I. p. 270 (170G.— ex Jlarcgrave, p. 194 : " Mitu"— N.E. Brazil ;
cf. Abliandl. Bayer. Akad. Wisseusch. xxii. 3. p. G88).
Ourax mitu Pelzeln, I.e. p. 288 (Salto Theotonio, Borba).
No. 586. c? ad., Jamarysinho, 22. ix. 19o7. " Iris dark red, feet yellowish red,
bill clear red."
Agreeing with Spix's type in the Munich Museum.
• Joitni. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 51l=.
27
(418 )
[423. Penelope superciliaris superciliaris Temm.
Cf. Nov. Zonl. xiv. p. 408 (Borba).
P. superciliaris var. Pelzeln, /.■■. p. 283 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (batterer, Hoflfmanns).
Two birds in the Vienna Museum and a third at Tring have the ashy
superciliary stripe barely indicated, while in a series from Bahia, Rio de Janeiro,
S. Paulo, and Mattogrosso (Chapada) it is well developed. However, cf. my
remarks I.e. j). 408.]
[424. Penelope pileata ^^^^gl.
Penelope pileata Wagler, /s/s 1830. p. 1109 (1830. — "in Bra^iliae proviacia Panl"); Pelzeln, I.e.
p. -282 (Rio Madeira).
Rio Madeira (Natterer).
This specimen I have examined in the Vienna Museum.]
42.5. Penelope jacquacu Spix.
Penelope jaeqi'nfu Spix, Av. Brat. ii. p. 52. pi. l.xviii. (1825. — ^'in sylvis fluminis Solimoens") ;
Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 408 (Humaytha).
P. BoUriam Pelzeln, I.e. p. 282 (Salto do Girao).
Nos. 548, 572, .573. SS ad., Jamarysinho, 13, 19. is. 1907. "Iris brown,
feet dark red, bill black, naked space on throat bright red."— Wing 280—300 ;
tail 31.5—330 mm.
The specimens agree with Spix's type in the Munich Museum. This also is
an Upper Amazonian species, the easterly limit of its range being apparently the
Madeira Valley.
42G. Ortalis guttata (Spix).
Penelope gullnln Spi.i, Ar. Bni.i. ii. p. 55. pi. Ixxiii. (1825. — "ad flumen Solimotjns").
Orlalida albivenlris (aeo Wagler) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 28i) (Engenho do Gama, S. Vicente, Matogrosso,
Forte do Principe, Kio Guaporu ; Salto do Girao, Borba, Eio Madeira).
No. 479. c? ad. (moulting), Calama, 29. viii. 1907.— Wing 184; tail 207;
bill 27 mm.
No. 508. c? ad., Jamarysinho, 18. ix. 1907.— Wing 185 ; tail 214 ; bill 25 mm
" Iris brown, feet reddish grey, bill black."
In addition, I have examined Natterer's series in the Vienna Museum. The
Madeira skins agree in every respect with Spix's type. Cf. Abhaiidl. Bayer.
Akail Wissen&ch. xxii. 3. 1906. pp. 691-2.
Like the foregoing species, 0. guttata is an Upper Amazonian form, ranging
eastwards as far as the Madeira Valley.
427. Tinamus tao Temm.
'tinanins tao Temminck, Ilixl. Xal. Pif/. et Gallin. iii. p. 5G9 (1815. — "dans la province de Par.'i
en Bri'sil"); Pelzeln, I.e. iii. p. 290 (Cidade de Matogrosso, Kio Guapore ; Borba, Rio
Madeira).*
No. 547. <S ad., Jamarysinho, 13. ix. 1907.— Wing 280 ; tail 120 ; bill 38 mm.
■ No. 546. ? ad., Jamarysinho, 13. ix. I9ii7.— Wing 275 ; tail 140 ; bill 38 mm.
"Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill grey."
• "Miranha," cited by Salvador! ({'at. Birds x.Kvii. p. 498), is not a locality, but the name of one of
the Indians employed by Natterer 1
( 419 )
These specimens, as well as several others examined ia the Vienua Museum,
correspond exactly to Temmiuck's original description. The upper parts are bluish
slate-grey, waved with black cross-lines and bars, broader on the rump and upper
tail-coverts ; on each side of the occiput aud hiadneck a distinct longitudinal stripe,
banded black and white ; throat and cheeks white, dotted and freckled with black ;
foreneck slate-grey, breast and alidomen paler, more ashy, waved aud banded with
blackish ; under tail-coverts deep ochraceous cinnamon, mottled with black.
Whether the examples from Venezuela (San Esteban) and Bogota described by
Salvadori {I.e.) as having the " upper parts greyish olive," and the under tail-
coverts " grey, rufescent along the middle," belong to the same species appears
to be open to doubt.
428. Tinamus serratus serratus (Spix).
Peziis serratus Spix, Ar. Brax. ii. p. Gl. pi. Ixxvi. (1825.— "in sylvia campestribua ti. \iijri");
Hellmayr, Abhwull. B,i;/fr. Akad. Wissemeh. xxii. 3. litOG. pp. G99, 719 (crit.).
Tinaimfs serraltta serrfitu>i Hellmayrj Nor, Zool. xiv. p. 408 (Humaytha).
T. hraaiUensis (nee Latham) Pelzeln, I.e. iii. p. 291 ( Matogrosso, Rio Guapore ; Bananeira, Borba,
Rio Madeira).
Nos. 307, 3(36. S ad., S imm., Calama, 31. vii., 11. viii. 1907.— Wing 220, 223;
tail 90, 92 ; bill 29, 34 mm.
Nos. 007, 508. ? ? ad., Calama, 3. ix. 1907.— Wing 23(5, 227; tail 98, lOO;
bill 3.5^, 33 mm.
" Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill blackish grey."
These birds are typical of serratus, agreeing with otliers from the Rio Negro
and Mattogrosso : forehead, pilenra, and ear-coverts clear cinuamon-rnfous ; no
trace of an occipital crest ; middle of the abdomen plain white, without dusky
cross-lines, etc.
T. .s. serratus ranges from the upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas) and the C!aura
Valley, Eastern Venezuela, to the Madeira and Guapor6 Rivers. It extends
perhaps to Central Peru (Huanuco), though specimens from this country are
slightly different. (Cf. Hellmayr, I.e. p. 719.)
[429. Tinamus guttatus Pelz.
Tinamus iju/taUis Pelzeln, Verhamll. Zool. Hot. (yesillscli. ItVcw .\iii. pp. \\2C,, 1128 (1SG3.— Borba,
Rio Madeira ; Rio Negro, Para) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 409 (Humaytha).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer) ; left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).]
430. Crypturus cinereus (Om.).
Tetrao einereiis Gmelin, Si/sl. A'at. 1. ii. p. 768 (1789.— ex Buffon ; Cayenne).
Thmntutt ciiierfus Pelzeln, l.r. p. 292 (Borba).
Crypturus cinereus Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 409 (Humaytha).
No. 273. Adult, Calama, 2S. x. 1907.— Wing 10s ; bill 27 mm.
No. 571. ^ imm., Jamarysinho, 10. ix. 1907. — Wing 104 ; bill 24^ mm.
" Iris brown, feet dark brown, bill dark grey."
The immature male is more rufescent brown than the adult one. See my
remarks I.e.
C. cinereus ranges from the Guianas to the Rio Madeira (both banks) and to
Eastern Pern.
( 420 )
431. Crypturus soui soui (Hertu.)-
Tinamus Soui Hermann, Tab. A fin. Anim. p. 16o (1783.— ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 829 ; Cayenne).
Crypturus soui Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 40'J (Humaytha).
Tinamus pileatus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 294 (Borba).
No. 454. (? ad., Calama, 26. viii. 1907.— Wing 128 ; bill 19 mm.
Nos. 6U1, (ill, 088. Sd ad., S. Isabel, 1, 3, 12. x. lOuT.— Wing 12U— 125 ;
bill 19 mm.
No. 610. ? ad., S. Isabel, 3. x. 190T.— Wing 130 ; bill 20 mm. (parent bird
to two eggs).
No. 612. <S jav., S. Isabel, 3. x. 1907.— Wing 120 mm.
" Iris pale brown, feet light green or greyish green, bill black or dark grey."
The series sniistantially corroborates what I have said l.r. The nnder parts
are invariably deep ochraceous or tawny ochraceons, as in Guiuuan and (.'aura
specimens, but the upper tail-coverts are either of the same dark rufous lirown
shade as the back or very slightly more reddish. The young bird is considerably
paler and dnller, both above and below. Two eggs, taken with the parent bird
(No. 'ilO), are of a reddish clay-colour and measure 38 x 29, 36 x 26| mm.
[432. Crypturus parvirostris Wagl.
Cn/pltiru.i pnrriroslris Wagler, Si/.tl. Ac, Genus Cri/jiliirus, sp. 13 (1827.— Brasilia) ; Hellmayr,
N<iv. Zool. xiv. p. 410 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
The Humaytha birds have shorter wings than those from East and Southern
Brazil, but do not difi'er in coloration.]
[433. Crypturus adspersus adspersus (Temm.).
Tinamus adspersus Temmiuck, Hist. Xal. Pi;/, rt Hall. iii. p. 58o (1815. — Parii ; coll. Hoffmanusegg
in Mus. Berlin, type examined); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayer. Ahid. yVissenscIi. xxii. 3.
pp. 702-3 (crit.).
T. umlulatus (nee Temminck) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 292 (part. : Borba).
Crypturus a. adspersus Hellmayr, Nui: Zool. xiv. p. 410 (Humaytha).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer) ; left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
The four examples from Borba obtained by Natterer are practically identical
with the type in the Berlin Museum, said to be from '• Paril " (of. ray remarks I.e.
p. 703). The adult female secured by Mr. Ilotfmanns at Humaytha has the black
cross-markings of the back rather broader, thereby forming the passage to C. a.
}-adiatits (Gray), which represents C. a. adiipei:siis on the banks of the Rio Gnaporo,
one of the headwaters of the Madeira (see I.e. pp. 704-5).]
[434. Crypturus strigulosus (Temm.).
Tinamns strignlosus Temminck, /.•■. pp. 594, 752 (isl.j. — "dan.s la province de Parii " — Siber coll.
in Mus. Berlin) ; Pelzeln, I.e. p. 293 (Borba).
Crypturus siriguhisus Hellmayr, Nor. Zoul. xiv. p. 411 (Humaytha).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer) ; left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
This species is hitherto only known from Para and the Rio Madeira, ranging
southwards as far as Cidade de Mattogrosso, Rio (Juapor^.]
( 421 )
[435. Crypturus bartletti Scl. & Salv.
Crijpturii.i bartlelH Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zonl.'Soc. Lond. 1873. p. .31 1 (1873. — Santa Cruz, Ucayali
Kiver, Eastern Peru) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 410 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Hnmaytha (Hoffmanns).
Like so many other Upper Amazonian types, e.g. Anoplops sahini, A. melano-
sticfa, etc., this species ranges from Eastern Pern to the left bank of the Rio
Madeira, bnt does not appear to occnr on the right side of the stream. Miss
Snethlage* has lately recorded it from the Upper Pnn'is.]
43(5. Crypturus variegatus (Gm.).
Telran rariegatwt Gmelin, Sijxt. Nat. 1. ii. p. 7i;8 (1780.— ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 828 : Cayenne).
Tinamus mriegatus Pelzeln, I.e. p. 293 (Borba).
No. 2.54. S ad., Calama, 23. vii. I90T.— Wing 155 ; bill 30i mm.
Nos. 129, 723. ? ad., ? imm., Calama, 29. vi., 23. x 1907.— Wing 155, 158;
bill 23, 31 mm.
No. 977. (? imm., Marnins, 7. vii. 1908. — Wing 150 ; bill 30 mm.
No. 127. ? jnv., Calama, 29. vi. 1907.— Wing 138 ; bill 23 ram.
" Iris brown, feet greyish green, bill black, below greyish."
The adult birds agree with others from Venezuela (Caiira) and Rio Negro
(Natterer coll.). C. variegatiis inhabits the Gaianas, the Caura district in Eastern
Venezuela, as well as Northern Brazil from the upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas)
to Pani and south to the Rio Madeira, where it is as yet only known from the
right bank. In Eastern Ecuador it is apparently replaced by a closely allied
form, C. salcini Salvad.,t which may be only subspecifically distinct, bnt so far I
have not met with this race.
[437. Rhynchotus rufescens catingae Reiser.
Cf. Hellmayr, Nm\ Zoul. xiv. p. 411 (Hnmaytha).
Left bank : Hnraaytlia (Hoffmanns).
No additional material has come to hand.]
438. Aramides cajanea (P. L- S. Miill.).
FuUca cajanea P. L. S. Miiller, Nalursi/st. Suppl. p. 119 (1776.--ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 352 :
Cayenne).
Arami(h.i mjonra Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 412 (Hnmaytha).
A. ricficollis (ne3 Gmelin) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 316 (Borba ; Rio Curicuriari).
No. 759, ? ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907. "Iris and feet clear red, bill pale
green."- Wing 183 ; tail 60 ; bill 50 ram.
The skin agrees perfectly with several others from Cayenne, etc. The two
birds named .1. ntfcollis by Pelzeln are more deeply coloured on the lower parts,
but similar specimens occur also in Cayenne, Surinam, etc., along witli pale-bellied
ones.
• Journ.f. Orn. 1908. p. 23.
t Cat. Birds Srit. Mm. xxvii. p. 537 (1895,— Saraya^ii, Eastern Ecuador).
( 422 )
[439. Creciscus viridis viridis (P. L. S. Miill.).
Rallus viridis P. L. S. Miiller, Xuturxi/sl. Suppl. p. 120 (ITTC). — ex D'Aubcnton, PI. eiil. SGS :
Cayenne).
Creciscus v. riridis Hellmayr, Xnr. Zool. xiv. p. 412 (Humaytha).
Left bank: Humaytlia (Hoffmanns i. Xatterer obtained it at the sngar-mill
of Captain Gama, on the Rio Gua[)ore, as well as near Par.i.*]
44(1. Heliornis fulica (Bodd.).
CnUjmbiis ftdica Boddaert, Tuhl. PI. eul. p. 64 (178:!.— ex D'Aubenton, PI. eol. 893 : Cayenne).
No. — . S ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto (no date). " Iris brown, feet black and
white, bill black, lower mandible grey." — Wing I4o; tail Do ; bill 30 luin.
441. Eurypyga helias (Pall.i.
Ard'a HeliiK Pallas, New Xnrd. llc;/lr. ii. p. 48. pi. iii. (1781.— " Brasilien ").
No. 5.50. ? ad., Jamarysiuho, 14. ix. 1907.— Wing 211 ; tail IGO ; bill .50 mm.
No. 103C. 6 ad., Maruiiis, Rio Machados, 19. vii. 1908.— Wing 'JIK; tail 100;
bill 54 mm.
' " Iris yellow or pale red, feet greyish. brown, bill black, below yellow."
Similar to Gnianan and Venezuelan specimens.
[44'J. Psophia leucoptera Spix.
Psophia leucoptera Spix, .4/-. Bras. ii. p. 07. pi. Ixxxiv. (182.5. — "in sylvis campestribus fl. Rio
Negro" — errore ! We sub3titute left bank of Rio Madeira); Pelzeln, l.r. p. 2!iy (Cachoeira
das Pederneiras) ; Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 412 (Humaytha).
Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Pederneiras (Natterer), Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Ranges to Bolivia and Pern. On the right side of the Madeira it is replaced by
the next species.]
443. Psophia viridis Sjiix.
Psophia viridis Spix, Ar. Bras. ii. p. CC. tab. Ixxxiii. (1825. — Villa Nova on the Amazons (?) ).
Nos. 996, 997. 6 <S ad., Maruins, 11, 14. vii. 190s. " Iris brown, feet greenish
yellow, bill green or greyish green." — Wing 273, 280 ; tail 125, 130 ; bill 37 mm.
Nos. 974, 999. <i S imm., Maruins, 6, 11. vii. 1908. "Iris brown, feet
greenish yellow, bill green or greyish green." — AVing 255, 280 ; tail 130 ; bill
34, 38i mm.
Nos. 988, 998. ? ad., ? imm., Marnins, 9, 11. vii. 1908. "Iris brown, feet
greenish yellow or greyish, bill greyish green. "^ — Wing 275, 265; tail 125, 1 10 ;
bill 36 mm.
These specimens agree with Spix's type in the Munich ^Museum. The series
presents some variation in the colour of tlie mantle and inner secondaries. Some-
times these parts are chiefly dark brown with but little admixture of green, while
in other specimens the green is predominating. This variation apjiears to be purely
individual, for it does not depend on age or sex.
* Porzaim cayaneiuis Pelzeln, Ziir Orii. Bras. iii. p. 316.— Other species of tl-.e famil.v lialliilac
likely to occur on the Rio Madeira are: AniaurnUmnai cunrnlor (Gosse), Aeocrcv eryt/irops (Scl.),
Tki/riirkiiia tchombur^ki (Cab.), etc., all of which were obtained bv Natterer on the banks of the Kio
Guapor^.
( 423 )
P. ohscura Pelz.,* from the Para district, is, as pointed ont by Dr. P. L.
Sclater,t quite distinct frocu P. viridis, and may be distinguished by the following
characters. The bill is shorter, with the upper mandible deeper, stouter, and more
strongly curved, and is of a blackish brown colour with but a few small light spots
here and there. The feet are blackish (not pale greenish or yellowish green as in
P. viridis). While in P. riridis the whole foreneck is covered with brilliant violet-
bine feathers, there is just a faint purplish sheen to be seen in P. obscura.
In the latter species the mantle, too, is much darker, chocolate-brown with
scarcely any green, and the nppsr wing-coverts show bat a few narrow
apical bands of dull blue or green, while there are broad, metallic green and
purplish bine tips in P. viridis. The Munich Museum is indebted to Miss Snethlage
for a fine specimen of P. ohscura.
Until Mr. HotFiuanns procured his series the type discovered by Spix and the
two females obtained by Natterer were, as far as I am aware, the only specimens of
P. viridis existing in European Museums. The species is with certainty only
known from the right bank of the Rio Madeira (Cachoeira de Guajaragnai,'n and
Salto Theotonio^Natterer ; Maruins — Hoffmanns). Spix's original locality Villa
Nova (north bank of the Amazons, near the junction of the llio Xingu) is qnite
unreliable, for the type-specimen had evidently been kept in confinement.
Wallace's record % of P. viridis being found in the forests of Para refers, of course,
to P. obscura.
The series from Maruins has been divided between the Munich Mnseum j,nd
Count Berlepsch's collection.
444. Harpiprion cayennensis (Gm.).
Tantalus cayftmemis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. (sbi (1789.— ex D'Aubentou, PI. enl. 820 :
Cayenne).
No. 110. S ad., Calama, 20. vi. 1907.— Wing 30.5 ; tail 155 ; bill 130 mm.
No. 557. ? ad., Jamarysinho, 17. ix. 1907.— Wing 295 ; tail 160 ; bill 110 mm.
Nos. 933, 1039. 3 ad., i imra., Maruins, 19. vi., 19. vii. 1908.— AVing 285,
276; tail 150 ; bill 118, 115 mm.
" Iris brown, feet light green, bill dark green or greenish dusky."
445. Ardea cocoi Linn.
Ardea Cocoi Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. .xii. 1. p. 237 (176G.— ex Brisaon, etc. : "Cayana").
No. 1033. (J imra., Maruins, 17. vii. 1908.—" Iris yellow, feet black, bill dark
grey, lower mandible yellow."
AVidely distributed in South America.
446. Agamia agami (Gm.).
Ardea Agvnl Gmelin, .Sysf. Nat. 1. i. p. 620 (1789,— ex BufiEon & D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 859:
Cayenne) ; Pelzeln, l.r. p. 301 (Matogrosso, etc.).
No. 1035. ? juv., Maruins, l'.». vii. 1908.— "Iris yellow, feet grey, bill bhiok,
below greyish brown."
• Sitzungsher. math.-naturwlss CI. Akad. Wisscnsck. Wh'n xxiv. 1807. p. 373.
t Ilh IfVii. |)p. 520-4. tab. .xi.
i Travels on the Amazons and Rio Neffro 1853. p. 473.
(424 )
[447. Cancroma cochlearia Linn.
Caiicroma CoMearia Linnaeus, Syst. Xnt. xii. 1. p. 233 (ITOiJ.— ex Bria^ou : Ciyeone) ; Pelzeln, I.e.
p. 303 (Borba, etc.).
Borba (Natterer). Widely distributed in South America.]
448. Pilherodius pileatus (Bodd).
Anlea pileata Boddaerk, Talil. PI. ftit. p. hi (1783.— ax D'Aubenton, PI. enl. OUT : Cayenne).
Nycticorax j)ileatii3 Pelzeln, I.e. p. 302 (Matogrosso, Caicara, etc.).
No. 100.5. c? ad., Maraiiis, 12. vii. 1908. "Iris clear yellow, feet and bill pale
lihimbeons."
Uange.s from South Brazil to Guiana and Ui)iier Amazonia.
[449. Butorides striata (Linn.).
Ar(ha slriali Linnxeas, Ki/sl. Xal. x. p. 14-t (1758. — Sariuam : Rolander).
Ardea scajmlai-i.'s Pelzeln, l.r. p. 301 (Matogrosso, Rio Negro, etc.).
Butor'nhs siriala Hellmayr, .Vyr. Znirl. xiv. p. 411 ( Humaytha).
Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Widely distributed in South America.]
4.50. Tigrisoma lineatum (Bodd.).
Ardea lineaUi Boddaert, Tub!. PI. enl. p. 'ol (1783.— ex D'Aubenton, PI. eul. 8G0 : Cayenne).
Tigrisoma lineatum Hellmayr, Xoe. Zool. xiv. p. 411 (Humaytha).
No. 556. ? ad,, .Jamarysinho, 17. ix. 1007. "Iris golden brown, feet green,
bill black, below brown."
An adult bird, in every respect similar to another from Venezuela.
[451. Zebrilus pumilus (Bodd.).
Ardeapumdn Boddaert, Tahl. PI. enl. p. hi (1783,— ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl. 898 : " Le Crabier,
des Philippines " ( = rufous phase)— errore ! Cni/enne substituted as type locality),
Zebrilus jmmilus Hellmayr, Xoc. Zonl. xiv. p. 412 (Humaytba).
Left bank : Humaytha (HofiPmanns).
Natterer procured a specimen at the sugar-mill of Captain Gama, on the Rio
Gnapor(5.*]
[453. Jabirii mycteria (Licht.).
Cieonia mi/cleria Lichtenstein, Vert. DM. Berliner .Uua. p. 7Ci (1823.— based upon '^ .Mi/eleria
amerieana'' (nee Linn.) Latham: "in Am. calid. palud."— Ca;/e/i;if substituted as type
locality, aut. Berlepsch).
Miicteria iiniericana (nee Linnaeus) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 30.') (Borba).
Right bank ; Borba (Natterer). Widely distributed in South America,]
453, Hoploxypterus cayanus (Lath,).
Charadrim cayanusha.Vas.va, Ind. ()rn.\\.\\ 74'.l (17',I0.— ex Buffon & D'Aubenton, PI. enl, 833:
Cayenne).
Nos. 168, 417. ? ? ad., (ialama, 5, vii,, 18. viii. 1907. " Iris dark browu, feet
red, bill black."— Wing 140, 148; tail 64, 59; bill 25, 23i mm.
Not different from Guianan and Venezuelan specimens.
"Tii/ritoma vndulatum I'elzeln, Ziir Orn. Sras. iii. 18(>!), p, 302,
( 425 )
454. Charadrius dominicus dominicus P. L. S. Miill.
Charadriiis dumlniciis P. L. S. Miiller, X'aliirti/xt. Suppl. p. Ill) (1776. — ex Brissoa : S. Domingue).
C. jitiivialiK (nee Linn.) Pelzeln, I.e. p. 297 (Eagenho doGama, Rio Guaport').
No. 029. cJ (io winter dress), S. Isabel, 6. .x. 1907. "Iris dark brown, feet
grey, bill black."'
45.0. Aegialitis coUaris (Vieill.).
Charadrius coUaris Vieillot, Noue. Did. xxvii. p. K56 (1818. — 3x Azira, No. 392 : Paraguay).
Nos. 409, 426, 452. c?c? ad., Calama, 17, 18, 2.i. viii. 1907.— Wing 95—96;
tail 45—48 ; bill 13—15 mm.
Nos. 408, 425. ? ? ad., Calama, 17, 18. viii. 1907.— Wing 95, 97 ; tail 47,46 ;
bill 15 mm.
" Iris dark brown, feet yellow or yellowish grey, bill black."
Like specimens from Bogota, South Brazil, etc.
450. Helodromas solitarius (Wils.).
Triiiga mlitaria Wilson, Amer. Oritilh. vii. p. 53. pi. 58. fig, 3 (1813. — Hudion's Biy,
N. America),
Toldims solitiiriiis Pelzeln, Orii. 11ms. iii. p. 31)1.1 (Eng. do Gama, Rio Guapori5).
No. 591. ¥ ad., Jamarysinho, 25. i.K. 1907. — "Iris blackish, feet grey-brown,
bill black."
No. (i26. ? ad. (assuming breeding plumage), S. Isabel, 5. x. 1907. — " Iris
brown, feet olive-green, bill black."
A winter visitor to South America.
457. Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.).
Tringa lungicunda Beehstein, Kurxe Vhers. Latham iv. p. 4.53. pi. 184 (1811. — " Nordamerika '').
Triiigoides Bartramia Pelzeln, l.r, p. 310 (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore).
Nos, 770, 772. 3 ? ad., AUianca, 9. xi. 1907.- Wing 155 ; tail 78, 84 ; bill
27, 29 mm. " Iris dark brown, feet light yellowish green, bill black, below
yellow."
This also is a winter migrant to Brazil.
[458. Tringites subruficoUis (Vieill.).
Tringa subrnficoUis Vieillot, Nouv. Did. xx.xiv. p. 465 (1819. — ex Azara : Paraguay).
Triiigoides riifesreiis Pelzeln, I.e. p, 310 (Borba).
Borba (Natterer). Also a winter visitor to Amazonia.]
[459. Tringa fuscicoUis Vieill.
Triiiyafusrinillix Vieillot, Noiir. Diet, xxxiv, p, 401 (1819, — ex Azara : Paraguay).
Tringa BviiajMrtei Pelzeln, I.e. p. 311 (Caiyara, Engenho do Gama, Rio GuaporcS).
Eio Guapore : Engenho do Gama (Natterer),]
460. Tringa maculata Vieill.*
Tringa marnlata Vieillot, Nnuv. Dirt, xx.xiv. p, 4G5 (1819,— "aux ties Antilles et dans les
parties muridionales des Etats-Unis ") ; Pelzeln, l.r. p. 311 (Engenho do Gama, Matogrosso :
Rio Guapore),
• Beside.s those mentioned above, many other species of Limi<:olae are likely to occur during
migration time on the banks of the Madeira, Natterer obtained quite a number, either on the Guajwrfi,
or farther north in the Hio Negro district. Their names may be found in Pelzeln's OrnithologU
Sramlieni iii, pp, 296-8, 308-13,
( 426 )
No. 017. J ad. (winter pluraa,a;e), S. I.sabel, 3. .x. 1907. " Iris dark brown,
feet greyish green, bill black."' — Wing l:i(3; tail 00 ; bill 29 mm.
[401. Plotus anhinga Linn.
,.-<t.
Borba (Natterer).]
Phliis An!ihii/tt Linnaeus, Si/sl. XkI. xii. 1. p. '^18(1701;.— ex Marcgrave : Eastern Brazil) : Pelzeln,
I.e. p. ,32r> (Borba).
[4(i-j. Palamedea cornuta Linn.
Palamedea cornuli Linnaeus, .S7s^ .V<i(. xii. 1. p. 'i.S'i (nGl'i. — ex Marcgrave & Brisson : Eastern
Brazil and Guiana) ; Pelzeln, I.e. p. 313 (Bixnaneira).
Cachoeira do Bananeira (Natterer).]
[463. Alopochen jubata (Spix).
Amerjiihntiix Spix, Ai\ Bias. ii. p. 8+. pi. cviii. (182.5.^'' ad ripara fl. Solimoens").
Chenalnprx juhatiix Pelzeln, /.<■. p. 319 (^Barra do Rio Guapon').
Rio Madeira : Barra do R. Gnapore (Natterer).]
III. SUMMARY.
In the foregoing account I have only dealt with the species that have actually
been taken in the Madeira district, yet their nnmber conlil easily be increased by
adding those which were observed or collected by Natterer farther south, on the
banks of the Rio Guapore, as well as on the Rio Negro in the north, and which are
very likely to occur also in the intervening country. The Rio Madeira fanaistically
belongs to the great Amazonian subregioii. According to its geographical situation
the avifauna shows a mi.xed character, being composed partly of Ujiper Amazonian
forms, partly of species peculiar to the Lower Amazons, though there are, at the
same time, a good many characteristic species not known to occur elsewhere. For
many Upper Amazonian forms the Madeira Valley appears to constitute the easterly
limit of their range. Quite a number of them reach the left bank of the river,
while they are not found at all or represented by allied forms on the right side.
Others are met with on both banks, but not recorded from any locality farther east.
A certain difference apjiarently exists between the bird-life of Borba and that we
find farther up in the Machados district. Many striking Lower Amazonian species
extend along the south shore of the Amazons to Borba and even to the Rio
Guapore, occurring only on the right side, whose avifauna shows a decided
similarity to that of the Tapaj6z. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the ornithology
of Western Mattogrosso is far from complete, resting exclusively upon Natterer's
researches ; still from the scanty information as yet available it would appear that
the fauna of the Rio GnaporS is essentially Amazonian, while a very different lot
of birds was met with by the great Austrian naturalist at Villa Maria and other
places on the Upper Paraguay.
The subjoined talmhir lists may serve to illustrate the above conclusions.
(A) Species peculiar to the Madeira Valley. Unless otherwise stated they are
restricted to the right bank of the stream.
( 427 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
OdiDdiirhifurJi Ks rhtcrciis.
Euphonia lau/irostrh irt'/'/ros/zv's (both banks).
Tachi/j>fi(iitu)i cnstiitus made'irae ( „
HemithrauphJiaviroUiscentralisi^ „
Cyanororax chrysops iHesingii.
Platyrinchus senex nattereri.
Todirosfrnin aencx.
Pipra aureola flaviroUis (left bank).
P. aureola rala/uae.
Tityra leucura.
Atfila spad/ceiffi rnjif/ularis.
Xenops rulilus iemtirostris.
Ilylexetastes imi/orm/g.
Deco/iychura stidnhiema.
Demlrocohiptes lioffiuanitat.
llj. Dc/idrui-olajdes cerUiia ronroh/r.
17. Tha.uinnphilus major horbae (both banks).
1 8. Mi/rnndfiernla tifnetriesil hcrlepachl.
19. Srlateria schlntacea h urn ay thae {both banks).
20. Ilypontem/n myothenna sororia.
21. Aitujdops hojf/iiauiifti,
22. Phletjopiih borbae.
23. LioHce/ea t thoracicus,
24. Noiinuhi sdnterl (left bank).
25. PterogloAnus h/forquat'is ulurmii.
26. Pyrrhura rliodogaster.
27. Brotogerls chrysosema.
28. Amazmia nattereri (left bank).
29. Penelope pileala.
30. Paophia r/rffl's (fight bank).
(B) Species peculiar to that tract of country bounded by the Madeira and
Tapajoz Rivers.
7.
1. Leuroleji/s modnlaior griseolatendis.
2. Parhy Sylvia mnscicapina griseifronty.
3. Pipra nattereri.
4. Dendrornis elegans.
5. Thamnophihis aethiops puuetuHger.
6. Dysithamnus s. schistaceiis.
Myrmotherula ornafa hoJf\uannM.
8. Myriuefastes luctuostifi lurtuo^ms.
9. Phlegopsis nigroinacidata bowinani.
10. CinKipitphaga melanoga><tra.
11. Thalurania balzaui.
12. Pieumitas horbae.
(C) Species peculiar to Lower Amazonia (Para, Tocantius, Tapajuz, etc.) and
the Madeira district (as far as Cidade de Mattogrosso, Rio Guapore).
1. Pachysylvia thoraciea semicinerea,
2. Calospiza albertinar.
3. Snctklagea minor.
4. Chiromaehaeris mamicus puriis.
5. Attila bol/rianua nattereri.
G. Autotnolus iufiisrafus p/araensis.
7. Hypocnemis myothrriua och roltirtna (on
Madeira np to Borba only).
8. Chloronerpes chrysochloros paraensis.
9. Picui/oius aurifrons aarifrons.
the
10. Pteroglossus inscripttis.
11. Sele/iidera. mactdirosfris gouldii (on the
Madeira as far as Borba).
12. Pyrrhura picfa ainazoniini (also on left
bank of Madeira).
13. Gypopsittti vnltnriiia (as far as Borba).
14. Lenroptrrnis kuhl'i.
15. Syrniitm superciliare.
16. Crypturm strigulosus.
(D) Species representing each other on different sides of the Rio Madeira,
Left Bank
Leucolepis modulator modulator.
1
2. Thryothorus, genibarbix juruanus.
3. Pipra aureola faricoUix.
4. Dendrornis giittalu gultaloidi's (also near
Calama, right bank).
5. Dendrej'€tastp!i rnjigida derilld.
6. Thamuophiltix aethiops polionofus.
7. Sclateria ttchistacea humaythae (also in the
Machados district, right bank).
8. Hypocnemis niyotherina melanolaenia.
9. Phlegopsis nigrnmacnlata )tigroinandata.
10. Veniliornis rufirrjn^ linemafn.<;ty(juta (also in
the Machados district).
11. Bncco tamatia pnlmentuni.
12. Psophia leucoptera.
Right Bank.
1. L. modulator griseolateralis.
2. T. g. genibarbis.
r 3. P. aureola fa'iciicauda (Machados, above
the Falls).
I 4. P. aureola calamae (Calama, AUianca).
5. D. guttata eytoni (Borba).
6. /). rujigula subsp.
7. T. aethiojis puuctuUger.
8. S. srhistficea leucostigma (Borba).
{9. //. uiyotherina sororia (Machados).
10. „ „ ochrolaema (Borba).
11. P. nigromaculata howmani.
12. T'. rujireps rujiceps (Borba).
13. B. tamatia tamatia.
14. P. vh'idis
(428)
(E) Upper Amazonian species
but not occnrring farther east,
1. Lanio versicolor.
2. Thhfpopsin Rordida amazonum (?).
3. Snltator coeruhKcenK azarae.
4. Muscisaxicoht JtitriatH/s.
5. Todirosiruin chnjaocrotaphum.
6. T. laiirosire.
7. Chiroxiphia regiua.
8. Synallaj'h propimp/a.
9. A)icistrop.t strif/ildtufi.
10. Automohfx sttbtddtus subtdatus.
11. Tkamuophdtifi niijror'niereuti U^chudii,
12. T. doliaius sitbradiatus.
13. Mifrmotherida haurwelli hn'f.nrelll.
14. IlypocnemU nut: da theresae.
15. //. poecilhiofa (jri set vent r'ls.
IG. //. hemilewa.
17. Riunphocaemis inchinuriis amfizoniim.
ranging to tlie right bank of the Rio Madeira,
1ft.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Conopophitga aur'tta.
Chufitura ci/icreiveutris srlateri.
Ph'H thornis philippVi.
Prionnrnis p. pyrrholnemns.
Munasa morpJioens peruana.
Noumda ruberula c'tneracea.
Cdpitn aiiraiitiicollh.
Pitmphasios cuvieri cuvieri.
R. cidmhuitna.
Pternglossits heatihaniiiesli.
Coniirus iceddelli/.
Pioti/tcs le^tcogaafer xanthomerhin.
Leuropternis itchhtacea.
Otun waisonii.
Odoiitnphorus sttlltitus.
Oiiiflis guttata,
Pf'iiclojie jacqi'uigu.
(F) Upper Amazonian species ranging to the left bank of the Rio Madeira,
but not occurring on the right.
1. Calospiza n'tgrocincta.
2. Kntpolegiot sclateri.
3. Pipra coelesti-pileata.
4. Auoplops safviiu.
5. ,1. mehmnaticta.
6. Phlegopsis eri/(hrnpfera.
7. B<fcco tamntia puhnentuin.
8. Pteroglufisus flarfmatrh ntariae.
9. Crypturus bartletti.
(G) Species of the Rio Madeira represented by nearly allied races on the
Gnapore.
Rio Madeira.
1. Saltatov coernhacens azarae.
2. Paroaria gidarh gidar/s.
3. Lampropaar tanagrimts twiagrbms.
4. Ramphocaemia mela/iuriis aniazonum.
5. T/ialuraiiia balzuni.
Rio Guapor^.
1. S. coeruhsceiis coendfucens.
2. Paroaria gidarix cerv/calis.
3. L. ianagrhiux rhlaceus.
4. R. melamij'^its st/rturu8.
5. T. crtph'de baeri.
In concluding, I have to thank the Hon. Walter Rothschild and Dr. E. Hartert
for entrusting me with the study of the interesting material and for publishing tlie
report thereon in this periodical. I am also under great obligations to my kind
friend Dr. von Lorenz, of Vienna, who lent me numerous specimens from Natterer's
collection, and to Count Berlepsch for similar favours and valuable advice in difficult
questions.
( 429 )
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SYNT03IIDAE.
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
L Callitomis gigas sp. nov.
S- Antennae simple, pubescent, black-brown; legs black-brown; bead and
collar yellow ; thorax pale }'ellowish fuscous ; abdomen pale sulphur-yellow with
seven dark chocolate-brown rings. Wings brownish fuscous, densely clothed
with yellow scales ; veins, costal edge, and fringes dark brown ; forewing has a
patch below base of cell, the cell, a patch between veins 3 and 4, 4 and 5, and
6 and 7 semihyaline pale buff; whole of costal area between costal and subcostal
nervures yellow ; hindwing has base, a larger spot between veins 2 and 3, and
a smaller one between 3 and 5 semihyaline buff.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Hab. North Luzon, Philippine Islands, 51)00—6000 ft. (J. Whitehead).
2 (?<?.
2. Callitomis distorta sp. nov.
?. Antennae brown; legs brown; thorax black-brown with orange stripes;
frons orange ; abdomen black-brown with six narrow orange rings. Forewing
deep earth-brown. Hindwing minute, distorted, and aborted, deep earth-browu.
Length of forewing : 14 ram. ; of hindwing 6 mm.
Hab. Pulo Bisa, north of Obi Island, September 1897 (W. Doherty).
2 ? ?.
3. Ceryx aflSnis sp. nov.
S- Differs from spheiwdrs Meyr. in the abdomen having a longitudinal lilack
dorsal band, and in the hyaline patch on hindwing being reduced to a round spot
and having a yellow streak below base of cell.
?. Similar, but without abdominal band and yellow streak at base of
hindwing.
Length of forewing : i 14 mm. ; j 10 mm.
llab. Kumasi River, North-East British New Guinea (low country), September
1907 (A. S. Meek).
7 c?cJ, 2 ? ?.
4. Ceryx meeki sp. nov.
cJ. Pectus, frons, and tegulae orange ; antennae black ; thorax black with
Orange patch ; alidomen black witii seven complete orange bands. Forewing
bhxck glossed with purple ; a large patch below the cell, a large patch within the
cell, a smaller patch between veins 3 and 4, one between veins 4 and 5, and one
between 7 and 8 hyaline. Hindwing orange, costal and outer margin broadly
black, but tornns and abdominal margin orange.
?. Similar, but liyaline spots larger and hindwing rounder.
Length of forewing : ^j 13 mm. ; ? lo mm.
Hab. Milne Bay, British New Guinea, November 1S08 to January 1899
(A. S. Meek).
2 Si, 1 ?.
( 430 )
5. Ceryx keiensis sp. nov.
cJ. Differs from jjuncta Dnicc in having tegulae and frons orange, abdomen
bright steel-blue, and subdorsal points orange. The hyaline patches on forewings
also larger.
? . Similar, but whole head and thorax orange.
Length of fore wing : 14 mm.
Ilab. Key Islands, January IsOT (H. Kiihii).
12 cJtJ, 4 ? ?
0. Ceryx dohertyi sj). nov.
c?. Frons white ; antennae brown-black with white tips ; thorax brown-black ;
abdomen, first four segments oily steel-green, remainder olive-bronze, with a narrow
whitish ring on seventh segment. Forewing brown-black, a large patch below
cell, a small one in cell, and a very large patch beyond cell divided into four by
the nervures, hyaline ; basal tiiree-fifths of hindwing hyaline, margins and enter
two-fifths black-brown.
? . Similar, but with five abdominal whitish rings.
Length of forewing: 14 mm.
Hub. Perak, January— February 1890 (W. Doherty), type and 2 cJcJ, 1 ?
(Elwes coll.) ; Fadang lieugas, Malay Peninsula, 2 S 6 , \ ? ; Gunong Ijau, Malay
Peninsula, 1 ?.
7. Ceryx ericssoni sp. nov.
S. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen black. Forewing black, a large
patch between veins 1 and 2, a large patch in cell, a smaller patch between
veins 2 and 3, large patches between veins 3 and 4 and 4 and 5, and a large patch
beyond cell hyaline. Hindwing black with central hyaline patch.
Length of forewing about Hi mm.
Hub. Padaug Sidempoean, West Sumatra (Ericsson). .
1 cJ.
8. Ceryx aurantiobasis sp. nov.
<?. Coxae of forelegs, bead, and tegulae orange ; antennae brown ; thorax
black-brown with orange patch ; abdomen black-brown with lateral series of orange
patches. Forewing black-brown, a large patch in cell and one below it hyaline ;
a hyaline jjatch between veins 4 and 5, a similar small si)0t between veins G and 7,
and a larger hyaline jiatch beyond cell. Hindwing : basal one-fonrth orange,
rest black-brown with oval hyaline patch.
¥. Similar.
Length of forewing : (? 14 mm. ; ? IT mm.
Hub. Kapaur, Dutch South-West New Guinea (low country), January ISO"
(W. Doherty).
3 6S, 1 ?.
'J. Ceryx kuehni sp. nov.
cJ. Entirely black. Forewing with an enormous patch below cell reaching
to outer margin ; a large jiatch in cell, a patch between veins 2 and 3 and 3 and 4,
and one between 6 and 7 and 7 and .S hyaline. Hindwing yellowish hyaline
with black margins.
Length of forewing : 12 mm.
Hub. Taam Island, west of Key Islands, Jnly 25, 1898 (II. Kiihn).
1 <J.
( 431 )
10«. Ceryx swinhoei minor subs]). nov.
?. Smaller; hyaline spots miicli reduced.
Length .of forewing : swiii/ioei swin/ioei, 16 mm.
„ „ siciulioei minor, \2 mm.
Hab. Manavolka Island ( = Manawoka), Moluccas, November 13, 1899 (H.
Kiihn).
1 ?.
11. Trichaeta hosei .^p. nov.
?. Antennae, basal two-thirds black-brown, apical one-third whitish buff;
head, thorax, and abdomen black shot with greenish steel-blue. Forewing dull
black shot with deep purple, below base of cell a quadrate hyaline white spot,
beyond cell a large oblique hyaline patch. Hiudwing black with purple sheen and
central hyaline spot.
Length of forewing : 17 mm.
Ilab. Mount Mulu, North Borneo, lOUO— 4000 ft., August— December 1894
(Hose).
1 ?.
12. Trichaeta kannegieteri sp. nov.
? . Antennae black, tips white ; legs banded with white ; head, thor.ix, and
abdomen black. Forewing black, a spot below cell, one in cell at apex, one patch
between veins 4 and 5 and 5 and 6, and a spot beyond cell hyaline. Hindwing
black ; a small central hyaline spot.
Length of forewing : 16 mm.
Ilab. Hili Madjedja, North Nias, September — December 1890 (L. Z. Kanue-
gieter), 1 ? (type) ; Pulo Nias (Dr. Fehr), 1 ¥ ; interior of Nias Island, 2 ? ?.
Since the publication of Volume I. of the British Museum Cataloijue of
Lepidoptera Hetcrocera in 1901, it has been definitely ascertained, as Mr. Prout
informed me, that Amata Fabr. was published in 1807, while Si/ntomis dates from
1808 ; therefore Amata must replace Syntomis.
13. Amata tunneyi sp. nov.
^. This queer little species is near to nothing, but resembles /(«/«t'/-a^/s Butl.
somewhat in its short, broad, and rounded wings.
Antennae brown, strongly pectinated ; legs, head, thorax, and abdomen
orange. Forewing semihyaline orange-buff, margins and a discocellular patch
brown ; there is a brown patch running in from outer margin lietween veins 2 and 3,
and another from inner margin to edge of cell. Hindwing orange with black-
brown borders, a patch running into disc at vein 3.
Length of forewing : 11 mm.
Hub. Derby District, West Australia (Tunnev).
4 6S.
14. Amata pembertoni sp. nov.
?. Antennae dull black, white tips; head, thorax, and abdomen dull black
glossed with oily steel-green. Forewing blackish steel-blue, a hyaline spot in cell
and one below cell. Hindwing blackish steel-blue with a hyaline spot below
base of cell.
(432 )
Lengtli of forewing : 14 mm.
Ilab. Cailulii, Angola (Pemberton).
J ?.
15. Amata kalidupensis sp. nov.
S ■ Allied to A. stenozona Hamps.; JiSers in having the antennae very strongly
pectinated, head, pectus, and tegulae crimson, thorax black, and abdomen crimson
with five narrow black rings. The wings are narrower and more j)i)intcd, and (he
hyaline spots mnch smaller, except the one in cell and the one below it.
?. Similar.
Length of forewing : 11 mm.
Hab. Kalidupa, Toekan Besi Islands, south-west of Celebes, January 1902
(H. Kiihu).
1 (?, 1 ?.
16. Amata jacksoni sp. nov.
? . Head, thorax, and abdomen brilliant metallic oil-green. Wings most
brilliatit metallic blue : on forewing are six hyaline spots, one below base of cell, one
in the cell, one below cell near origin of vein 2, one beyond apex of cell, one
between veins 3 and 4, and one between veins 4 and 5 ; on hindwing there are two
hyaline spots, one smaller subbasa! spot and a larger one on disc.
Length of forewing : 2U mm.
Hab. Uganda (Jackson).
1 ?.
17. Amata stictoptera sji. nov.
?. Allied to tomasina Bntl., but much smaller. Diifers from that species in
the very minute hyaline spots and much narrower bauds on abdomen.
Length of forewing : 12-.") mm.
Hab. Bandoukan, Ivory Coast, February 22, 1903 (Pemberton).
2 ? ?.
18. Amata elwesi sp. nov.
cJ. Allied to euryptera Hamps. Antennae black ; head, abdomen, and thorax
pale straw-yellow. Forewing pale straw-yellow, veins and fringe very narrowly
black. Hindwing pale straw-yellow, fringe hardly a hairsbreadth black.
Length of forewing: 17 mm.
Hab. Burmah (Adamson) (coll. H. J. Elwes).
1 <?.
19. Amata snelleni sp. nov.
?. Antennae black, tips white: frons, collar, and tegulae orange; thorax
deep brown streaked with orange; abdomen deep brown with seven orange rings.
Forewing, basal three-fifths orange, a long patch in cell, a spot below it,
and a dash between veins 2 and 3 deep brown, outer two-fifths deep brown, a patch
beyond cell, one between veins 3 and 4 and 4 and 5 orange. Hindwing orange
with a very wide deep brown border, a wedge-shaped patch of same colour running
into the orange from tornus, and a drop-like spot irom costa.
Length of forewing : 10 mm.
Hab. East Java.
1 ?.
(433 )
2<i. Amata quadripunctata s|i- nov.
(J. Froiis and tcgulao orange ; thorax chocolate-browii witli aa orange dot
on shonlders ; abdomen chocolate-brown witli six orange rings. Forewing
chocolate-brown with four orange spots, one below base of cell, one in cell, one
below middle of cell, and a minnte one on vein 4. Ilindwing chocolate-brown,
orange at base.
Length of forewing : 1;^ mm.
Hah. Padaug Sideinpoean, West Snmafra (Ericsson).
I S.
~\. Amata williami sp. nov.
<S. Head and antennae black; thora.x oily steel-green; abdomen steel-gi'een,
a liasal reddish cinnamon belt, and one on fourth and fifth segments. Forewing
metallic blue-green, a h\'aline patch below base of cell, one in cell, one between veins
1 and 2, one between veins 3 and 4 and 4 an<t •">, and one beyond apex of
cell. Hindwing hyaline with steel-green border and transverse central hour-
glass-shaped band.
?. Smaller.
Length of forewing : S 14 mm. ; ? KVy mm.
Ilah. Kikuyu Escariiment, British East Africa, 0501.)— OOOD ft,, December
1900— January 1901 {W . Dohertyj.
29 iS, 0 ? ?.
22. Amata conuecteus sp. nov.
? . Allied to A. sladeni Moore. Antennae brown ; head yellow ; thorax yellow,
a longitudinal black streak on the patagia ; abdomen yellow. Forewing hyaline
yellowish, tip, fringes, and nervnres brown, vein .j and discocellnlars more broadly
brown. Hindwing hyaline yellowish, costa and fringe brown.
Length of forewing : 16 mm.
Ilnh. Bernardmyo, Bnrmah, OOOO ft., Jlay 1N90 (W. Doherty) (ex coll. Elwes).
1 ?.
23. Amata albicornis sp. nov.
?. Antennae, basal third bhick, rest white; head black ; thorax black with
central orange patch ; abdomen black with a basal orange ring, three lateral
orange patches, and an orange ring on fifth segment which does not meet
dorsally.— — --Forewing black, apex with large white patch, a small hyaline spot
below base of cell, a large one in cell, one below cell on vein 1 near tornus,
one between veins 3 and 4, one between veins 4 and 5, and one between veins
0 and 7. Hindwing black, a large treble hyaline sj)ot below cell.
i. iSiinilar.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Itah. Manson Mountains, Tonkin, 3000 f t , April— May (H. Fruhstorfcr).
3 cJc?, 3 ? ?.
24. Amata leechi sp, nov.
?. This is the insect J. H. Leech identified as ai-roxpila Feld. It differs
from the type of ncrosinla by the brown, not black colour, by the much wider
lemon-yellow bands of the abdomen, by the hyaline patches being yellow, not
white, by the hyaline patch below base of cell extending to tornns and only
divided into two by a very narrow brown band, by there being a large hyaline
28
( 434 )
jiatcli between veins (1 ami 7 as well as between 7 and 8, by there being two
teiiuinai yelliiw jiatches in place of one white one, and in the whole hiudwing being
hyaline edged with brown, not merely the basal half.
6. Differs from ? by having one tenuiiud spot only, and the hyaline patch
between veins 7 and 8 much smaller.
Jhb. Wasbau, Wet^t China, OUUU ft., Jnly 18.>9 (A. E, Pratt).
1 ? (type), o (? (J.
25. Amata jankowskyi sp. nov.
cj. Nearest to A. jiaaca Leech ; dilTers at iirst sight by its much shorter,
broader, and rounder wings. Pectus golden, not brown ; frons black, not golden ;
tegulae golden, not l)rown ; centre of thora.K deep brown, not goldeu ; a broad
orange baud eucircling base of abdomen, not a yellow dor.-;al spot only ; an
orange baud round last abdominal segment, which is wanting in pasca ; the
liyaline spots on forewing are more vitreous and white, not buff; more than
two-thirds of hindwing are hyaline. AutennaJ have only extreme tip white,
while in pasca two-fifths of the whole are white.
?. Similar, but abdominal orange bauds are broader and the hyaline sj)ots
larger.
Length of forewing: 6 ".,'3 mm. ; ? 24 mm.
]Iah. Ichang, Yangtse-Kiang River, China (Captain Jaukowsky).
2 66, 1 ?.
2(). Amata flavolavata sp. nov.
?. Nearest ..4. nuhtfiia \Vlk., but distinguishable at once by the last
abdominal segment being orange, and uot blue-black as in melactia and mclai'na
amlersoiii. Frons orange; tegulae and patagia orange; thorax black, orange
at hind edge : antennae entirely black ; abdomen bright orange with five black
rings. Forewing hyaline orange-yellow, costal area between costal and subcostal
nervures with basal three-fifths orange-yellow, area between vein 1 and inner
margin orange, a black patcli on discocellulars, apex and outer margin narrowly
black, nervures black, veins -t and ;"> stalked. Hindwing hyaline orange-yellow,
outer margin and nervures black.
Ijcngth of forewing : 27 mm.
Hab. Khasia Hills (Native coll.) (ex coll. H. J. Elwcs).
1 ?.
27, Amata simillima sp. nov.
?. Allied closely to -1. /«/.s/^('/v^ W'll;., lint larger and njuch broader. Differs
in the hyaline markings (if forewings being more clothecl with sc.iles and
much larger, and the sjiot between veins 7 and 8 which is pn-seut in Ixisiiicra.
being absent. Iliiidwings have only the base orange, and two very narrow
hyaline streaks below and beyond cell.
Length of forewing : lo'O mm.
JJal). Pnio r.isa, north of Obi Island, Moluccas, September 1807 (W. Dulierty).
I ?.
28«. Amata basigera gilolensis subsp. nov.
6. Differs from basigcra basigera in the two hyaline spots in the hindwing
being reduced so much as to be scarcely visible.
( 435 )
?. Differs in liaviiig the wliole hinJwini!; orange wirli a, narrower brown
margin.
Ihh. Gani, Halmaheira, Moluccas, November 1896 (W. Doherty), 3 (?<?, 4 ? ? ;
Halmaheira (Waterstradt), 3 Jc?, 3 ? ?. Type ? Halmaheira (Waterstradr).
29(f. Amata perixanthia sinensis subsp. nov.
ri. Differs from puixintJu i. jji'rixxnfJii'i Hamps. from Formosa by its birger
size ; by the yellow, not orange, frons, tegiilae, and patagia ; by the narrower
yellow, not orange, abdominal rings ; by the broad pale yellow scale! edges of the
hyaline and subcostal areas, a'ld tiie autotinae having tlie apical one-fifth white, not
being entirely black as in ji. /tcrixantitin.
Length of forewing : prrix. perixanthia, S l!) mm.; ? 19 mm.
.) )i „ perix. sinensis, S 24 mm. ; ? :i7 mm.
I/aL Kwei-chon, West China, July 6, 1890 (A. E. Pratt), ISc^J, 11 ??;
2 JcJ no locality ; Monpin, West China, June 189(» (Ivricheldorf), lOT (Jt^, 47 ? ?.
3u. Amata fruhstorferi sp. nov.
?. Allied to ,1. signata Wile. Differs by the white, not orange, frons ; by the
entirely black thorax, tegiila", and patagia ; l)y it having only three orange
abdominal rings (one at base, one on segment 3, and one on segment 8), instead
of si.v". On the forewing tlie liyalinc patch between veins 2 and 3 is half as long as
that between veins 3 and 4, while in siijn'ifft, they are eijual in lent^th.
c?. Similar, but with smaller hyaline markings.
Length of forewing : $ Is nini. ; H 22 mm.
Hah. Matison Mountains, Tonkin, 30U0 feet, April and May (H. Fruhstorfer).
2??,3cJc?. ? type.
31. Amata khasiana sp. nov.
?. Frons black; collar orange; antennae black, tips wliite ; thorax black;
abdomen black witli six orange-yellow bands. Forewing black-brown, a semihya-
line yellowish buff [)atch below base of cell, one towards apex of cell, one between
veins 1 and 2, one between veins 3 and 4 and 4 and 5, one between 6 and 7, and a
small one between 7 and 8. llindwing black-brown with two large buff semihya-
line patches.
Length of forewing : 17 mm.
Hah. Khasia Hills, Assam, June 1^94 (Native coll.).
1 ?.
32. Amata pseudextensa sp. nov.
?. Frons white ; antennae sooty brown, last two segments white; collar very
narrowly bnffy yellow; thorax sooty black-brown; abdomen sooty black-brown,
basal and fifth segment lemon-yellow. Forewing sooty black-brown, a large hya-
line creamy patch reaching from below base of cell and vein 1 to origin of vein 2,
when it curves olili<picly between veins 1 and 2 to tornns; in the centre of this patch
are two sooty spots :; between veins 2 and 3 is a small creamy hyaline patch, and
two larger ones between veins 3 and 4 and 4 and 5, and a very long one between 6
and 7 ; a large similar patch occnjiies the apical two-thirds of cell. Hiudwing,
basal three-quarters creamy hyaline, apical fourth sooty black-brown.
( 436 )
Lcuifth of forowing : "Ji mm.
Hub. Jlouut Kiiia IJalu, North Borneo.
:i 9 ?.
:}:3. Amata nigrobasalis sp. nov.
S- Frotis white; antennae blaek-brown, cinnauiDn at the tips ; thorax aii'l abdo-
men blaek. Forewiiig bhick strongly waslied with oil-green, a liyaline patch in
cell, one below cell resting on vein I, one between veins 3 anil 4 ami 4 ami •), and
one between 0 and 7 and 7 and 8. Ilindwing black, a white patch ou inner area.
Length of fore wing : 14 mm.
Hub. t'ape Coast Castle, West Africa.
1 6.
A ? from Kampala, Uganda, April lOiJO (Captain II. Rattray), differs only in
having the Irons black and a minute dot at apex of cell of iiindwing white.
34. Amata kenredi sp. nov.
?. Antennae black tij)ped with white ; head, thorax, and abdomen blackish oil-
green. Forewing long and jiointcd, greenish jinrjde ; a hyaline sjiot below base
of cell, a second larger between cell and vein l,a similar jiatch at apex of cell, a
larger patch between veins 4 and 5, a smaller one between ."> and (!, and a hyaline dot
between veins 7 and 8. Plindwing greenish purple, a hyaline patch near base of
inner area and one at ajiex of cell.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
ilab. Bopoto, Upper Congo (Rev. Kenred Smitii).
1 ?.
35. Amata everetti sp. nov.
H . .\ntennae brown ; head, tegnlae, and patagia orange; thorax deep brown;
abdomen black with six orange rings. Forewing black-brown, cell entirely hya-
line, area between cell and vein 1 curving along vein 2 almost to tornus, also hvaline,
a black spot ou discocellnlars, from toruus between veins I and 2 half-way to origin
of vein 2 a black-brown jiatch, a similar patch between veins 2 and 3 leaving a hya-
line space lialf-way from base, of these veins to outer margin, ajiical sixth dark brown,
a patch of same colour running in between veins 5 and 0 half-way to discocellnlars,
nervures dark brown. Hindwing hyaline with irregular dark brown margin.
Length of forewing ; 10 mm.
Hub. South Flores, November 18'.Hi (dry season) (Everett).
1 ?.
3<). Amata vandepoUi sji. nov.
cJ. Frons white ; antennae black, apical fonrth while; tegidae while; thorax
bhick ; abdomen brown-black glossed with bright violet, two latero-dorsal wiiite
jiatches on basal and a white band on fifth segment. Forewing lironzy blaek-
brown, a hyaline patch between cell and vein ],a similar one abont a third fVom apex
of cell, one between veins 3 and 4, a smaller one between 4 and 5, and a still smaller
one between 7 and 8. Hindwing bronzy black-brown, a subbasal and a discal
hyaline palcli.
Length of forewing : Is mm.
J Jab. Pad: ng I'andjang, I'adang Bovenlanden, West Sumatra.
1 <J.
( 437 )
37. Amata henrici sp. ika-.
?. Frons Wnck ; anteiinao black, apical fifth wliito ; collar crimson ;
thorax antl abrlomeii oily steel-green, a crimson dorsal jiatch at base of abdomen,
abdominal tnl't tViwn-colonr. Forewing oily steel-green, a hyaline patch in cell,
and a minnte hyaline dot between veins 3 and 4 and 4 and 5. Hindwing oilv
steel-green.
c?. Similar, bnt lacks tlie hyaline intraneural dots.
Length of forewing : ? 14 mm.; S 11 mm.
Ilab. Dammer Island, December l."3— 2M, IS9S (H. Kiihn), 3 c?cJ, 3 ?¥ (?
type); Letti Island, Jnly 1802 (VV. Doherty), 2 c?c?, 3 ? ?; 2 S3, 1 ?, Timor
Lant Islands, Jnne— Jnly 1892 (W. Doherty) ; 2 S S , Sermatta Island (H. Knhn) ;
3 t?f?, 1 ?, Larat Island, Timor Lant Islands, January — February I'.iol (II.
Kiilin).
2 ? ? from Letti and 1 ? IVom Dammor have a hyaline sjiot in disc of hindwing
and the spots on forewing larger.
38. Amata attenuata sp. nov.
cJ. Allied to chri/o^ona Ilamps., bnt at once distingnished by its long narrow
wings. Frons black; antennae black, apical fifth white; collar orange; thorax
bronzy oil-brown ; abdomen bronzy oil-brown, an orange ring at base and on fifth
segment, and a lateral orange band joining these two rings. Forewing bronzy
brown, a hyaline oval jiatch below base of cell, a large qnadrate one occupying
ajiical half of cell, a diamond-shaped one below cell between vein 1 and origin of
vein 2, one between veins 3 and 4 and 4 and 5, and between veins 7 and 8
Hindwing bronzy hrown, a snbbasal hyaline patch with the tliiid nearest the
abdominal margin orange, a discal round hyaline iiatch.
?. Similar, bnt wings shorter and broader.
Lengtli of forewing : <? 10 mm. ; ? 14 ram.
Ilab. Kiknyu Escarpment, GOOU — UOUU ft., October — Novcnjber I'.m.m) {\\ .
Doherty) .
23 (Jc?,0 ? ? (d" type).
30. Eressa dohertyi sp. nov.
S. Allied to K. fuvca. Hanij)S., bnt at once distingnishnble tViini that species by
its deeji black-brown, not reddish cinnamon colour, and by I he abdoiuen being
broadly ringed with orange, not having a dorsal row and infi:i-latenil rows of
orange dots. In the cf the hyaline spots are smaller.
?. Differs from ? K./avvn in the gronnd-colonr of the wings being nionse-grey,
not cinnamon ; the hyaline sjiots on forewings are larger and more ill-defined, on
the hindwings the hyaline area occupies five-sixths of the wing. K. ilohfriiji in both
sexes is also larger.
Length of forewing : dolieiti/i, S loo mm.; ? 19 mm.
,, „ „ furcu, S 13 nun.; ? lo ram.
Hall. Adonara, Lesser Siinda Islands, November 1n9I {\\ . Doherty),
T) c^c^,4 ¥? (cJ type).
411^/. Eressa coufiuis malacceusis snbsp. nov.
c?. Differs from /-'. conjinis coiijiiiis in its smaller size, move elay-lirown, not
grey ground-coloiu-, and pure white hyaline markings. On tlie forewings the
( 438 )
hyaline jiatches are sraiilloi-, shorter, and luncli more separated, whih' the liindwiug
has the hyahne area extended over five-sixths of the winff.
Length of forewing : malaccennis, <S 12 ram. ; ? !."> mm.
„ „ „ confinix, c? 10'.") mm.; ? Komm.
Hub. Waterfall Valley, Penang, March—April isiis (Cnrtis), 3 c?cJ(tyi>e);
Chiem-Hoa, Central Tonkin, Angnst — September (H. Frnhstorfer), 1 ?.
AOb. Eressa confinis intensa sul)s]i. nov.
S- Colonr of wings and body deep chocolate-brown; hyaline spots on both
wings mnch rednced ; orange markings on thorax and the dorsal and lateral rows
of orange spots on abdomen very small.
Size large.
Length of forewing : l.'ju mm.
Hab. Belganm, India, June 1890.
1 S (1 pair in British Mnsenm collection).
41rt. Eressa aperiens khasiana subsp, nov.
c?. Differs from n/xTifns iipericns in its mni-li blacker colour ; also the hase of
forewing and dark markings of forewings are much more conspicuous owing to the
reduction in size of the hyaline patches. Hindwing entirely black, a small
hyaline spot near tornus.
llab. Khasia Hills, Assam, May 1894, August — Seiitember 180.") fNat. coll.).
4 66.
A fifth 6 from the low coimtry, ( 'herrapuuji, Assam, i.^ not so black, and tlie
hyaline spot on hindwing is larger.
42. Eressa vespoides sp. nov.
5. Differs from vespa Hamps. in the broader and deeper orange markings
of the head, thorax, and abdomen, the more serrated antennae, and the shorter
and broader forewings, which are also less pointed at apex. Tbe costal area is
not wholly dark as in vespn, but the basal three-fifths are vitreous. In eespa the
space between veins 2 and 3 is filled in with a large patch of black joining
the cell and discocellular patch to the outer margin just above tornus : in ri-spoides
this spot is entirely absent. The dark margins and nervures on both wings are
also much narrower than in n'^yin.
?. Similar.
Length of forewing : 12 mm.
/lab. Kliasia Hills, Assam, Sej)t('mber 189.') (Nat. coll.).
2 66, 1 ?.
4:!. Eressa ichneumoniformis sp. nov.
6. Similar to vespoklcs, but larger ; all the markings on head, thorax, and
abdomen very narrow and j)ale lemon-yellow. The margins of the fore- and
hindwings very mnch narrower, and the black bar between veins 4 and 5 joining
the discocellular patch to the outer margin is absent.
The ? has vein (i bifurcated.
Length of forewing : 6 I;)";") mm. ; ? 14".") mm.
JIab. Khasia Hills, Assam, May 1894.
1 c?, 1 ?.
( 439 )
44. Eressa simplex sp. nov.
(?. Head brown-black; coHai- yellow; auteniiae black : tliorax blaek ; abdomen
brown-black witli dorsal and lateral rows of yellow patches. Fore wing brown-
black ; a long hyaline band from base of cell along vein 1 to half-way along vein 2.
a wedge-shaped hyaline patcli in cell, a hyaline pat.ch between veins 3 and 4 and
4 and 5, and one between 0 and 7. Hindwing : basal half hyaline, apical half
brown-black.
Length of forewing : 13 mm.
Ilah. Sabathn, India, Jnly 1S89.
1 <S.
45. Eressa everetti sp. nov.
?. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow, centre of thorax and five narrow
abdominal rings pale brown ; antennae fnscons, tips white. Forewing opaline
iridescent hyaline, apex and margins brown, discocelliilar patch and a patidi
between veins 2 and 3 brown, veins 3 and 5 broadly brown. Hindwing opaline
iridescent hyaline, margins very narrow brown.
S- Similar.
Length of forewing : lo mm.
Hah. Tntong, North Borneo, Blay LS9.5 (A. Everett), 1 ? (type) ; Bnugnran
Natnna Islands, Jnly— October 1894 (Hose), 2 6S.
411. Neeressa whitehead! sp. nov.
S. Very much larger than N. siujada Semper. Fmns white; antennae black ;
thorax bnftish ; abdomen creara-colonr with six narrow brown rings. Forewing
l)ale chocolate, slightly semihyaline, a longitndinal dark brown band from base
through cell to ajiex, basal half of costal area yellow. Hindwing pale (diocolate,
rather more semihyaline than forewing, costal area yellow.
Length of forewing : 19 ram.
Ihth. Lepanto, North Luzon (John Whitehead), 1 $ (type) ; North Jjuzon,
5000—6900 ft. (John ^Vhitehead), 2 $S.
47. Hyalaethea kuehui sp. nov.
$. Allied to biritrcata Hamps. Frons and antennae black; legs orange;
vertex, thorax, and abdomen bronzy steel-green. -Forewing brilliant deep j)urple,
a vitreous hyaline patcli below base of cell ; a very large vitreous hyaline [latch
occniiies apical two-thirds of cell ; basal half of hindmargin orange. Hindwing:
basal half orange, a]iical half deep brilliant purple.
?. Similar.
Length of forewing : (J 13 mm. ; ? 14 mm.
Ilab. Larat Island, Januarv I'lOl (H. Kiihn).
1 c?, 1 ?.
4s. Hyalaethea meeki sp. nov.
c?. Similar to wooJfon/i Bntl., but much smaller ; hyaline areas of forewings
larger ; hiudwings have only costal and basal areas orange, rest of wing hyaline,
costal margin orange, not brown, outer margin from tornus to termen brown, not
orange.
?. Shows same differences, but has only base of hindwing orange.
( 440 )
Lengtli of fore wing : meehi, S Ki lura. ; ? 15 ram.
„ „ woodj'ordi, i 15 mm.; ? 17 mm.
Hab. Gnadalcaiiar, Solomon Islands, April I'.iOl (A. S. Meek).
2<?(?, 4??;2?? (?).
4'.). Hyalaethea dohertyi .s]i. uov.
(?. Frons white ; antennae black ; thorax black, base of patagia white ;
abdomen black, base and two snbdorsal rows of sjwts white. Forewing purple,
central two-thirds of cell hyaline yellow ; a hyaline yellow patch between vein 1
and cell from base to origin of vein 2, a liyaline spot beyiHi<l apex of cell, and
a hyaline dot on each side of vein 4. Ilindwing purple, a liyaline sjwt on
inner area.
Length of forewing : 15 mm.
Uah. Humboldt Bay, Dutch New Guinea, September— October I81t3 (W.
Doherty).
2 $S.
5Uf/. Hyalaethea metaphaea georgieasis snbsp. nov.
$. Dithers from mftaphaea mfitaphiiea by the wider dark markings in the
wings and the almost absent lateral yellow bands on abdomen.
?. Similar, but orange base of abdomen broader than in in. metaphaea.
Hab. New Georgia, Solomon Islands, March 1'.MI4 (A. S. Meek).
1 c?, 2 ? ?.
51. Hyalaethea decipiens sp. nov.
c?. Near metaphaea Druce, but difters in the narrower hyaline ])atches, the
almost entirely black tornal lappet on liindwing, the brownish buff, not black, front
of legs, and tlie almost entirely black abdomen.
Length of forewing : 15 mm.
Uah. New Georgia, Solomon Islands, Marcli 1904 (A. S. Meek).
2 Si.
52. Hyalaethea alberti sp. nov.
$. Differs from metaphara Druce in having the hyalin.' patches on forewing
shorter, in having base of liindwing orange, and in having live complete orange
rings on abdomen and liiiulpart of thorax black.
?. Similar.
Length of forewing : i lH mm. : ? is mm.
Ilah. Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, February lUUS (A. S. Meek).
5 is, 2 ? ?.
Pseudoceryx gen. nov.
Differs from Ilijalaethi-a in liaving in forewing vein 2 from end of cell,
veins :J, 4, and 5 on a long stalk and vein 6 from end of cell, veins 7 and 8 on a long
stalk, and !) absent.
5:5. Pseudoceryx dohertyi sp. nov.
9. Antennae black ; head and thorax deep blue, a dot on frons, a spot on each
shoulder, and a patch on hinder jiart of tliorax white ; abdomen brilliant deeji lilue,
two lateral rows of tiny white dots. Forewing deep blue, excised deeply at outer
margin between vein.s' 2 and 5, a large hyaline patrh in cell, a large curved long
( 441 )
similar patch from base of wing along vein 1 almost to tornas, ami one on each siilc
of vein 3. Ilindwing deep blue, a hyaline sjiot below base of cell.
Length of forewing: 18 mm.
/fill/, liiak Island, dieelvink Bay, Dntch New Guinea (W. Djherty).
1 ?.
•54. Epitoxis ansorgei sp. nov.
?. Head and thorax black; antennae black, tips white; abdomen oily steel-
green, a basal patch and segments 3 and 4 dark orange-biilf. Forewing steel
green, a qnadrate hyaline jiatch in cell, one below cell, one between veins 3 and 4,
one between veins 4 and 5, ami one between veins 7 and 8. Hindwing Ida k,
a large creamy hyaline patch below base of cell and a large hyaline whiti' (jiie
on disc.
(5. Similar, but segments 3, 4, and 5 are reddish buff.
Length of forewing : i l.j mm. ; ? 18 mm.
J/ali. Mrnli, Unj-oro, May 10, 1897 (Dr. Ansorge).
]<?,]?;? type.
5.5(r. Pseudonaclia puella minor subsp. uov.
S. Ditfers from puella puella in its mnch smaller size and in the four hyaline
patches of the forewing being reduced to small ronnd dots.
f. Is also much smaller, and the four hyaline patches are eijual in size and
about half the size of the largest patch in p. puella.
Length of forewing : puella minor, S lU mm. ; ? 12 mm.
,, „ ,, puella puella, S 13 mm.; ? la mm.
Hal). Kikuyn Escarpment, British East Africa, OOOH— OOOti fh, March lOul
(W. Doherty). "
56. Dysauxes punctata kaschmiriensis snbsp. nov.
(?. Differs from puiirtata punctata in its larger size and broader wings. The
hyaline white sjiots are larger and more conspicuous, and the brown margin of hind-
wings is much broader.
?. Similarly distinguished from ? punctata punctata.
Hab. Gourais Valley, Kaschmir, 7000 ft. , June 1887 (John Henry Leech).
5 (^c?,8 ? ?.
•')7. Apisa aurantiaca sp. uov.
r?. Paljii orange; head orange; thorax orange; antennae fuscous; abdomen
orange, dorsal line and la.st three segments day-grey. Forewing, basal three-fifths
orange, apical two-fifths clay-gre}'. Hindwing, basal three-fourths pale orange,
outer fourth clay-grey.
Length of forewing : IG mm.
I lab. Kassai District, Congo Free State (Taymans), 1 S (type) ; Bitye, Ja River,
Camaroons, 2000 ft., January— March 1007 (dry season) (G. L. Bates), 1 S.
58. Apisa rendalli sp. nov.
(?. Allied to canegcens Walk. Resembles small S6 oi cane.^cenx, but the
forewings are shorter and broader and tcrmen is more roundccl. Uniform day-bniwii.
Length of forewintr : 14 mm.
( 442 )
Il((l). Zomba, Upper Sliirr River, 3000 ft., October — December lfv05
(Dr. Percy Kendall).
3 SS.
i'l'i. Apisa subcauesceus sp. nov.
cJ. Antennae bully clay; lieail, tliorax, and alidoraen silvery raonse-i;rey.
Forewinjr, eosta and fringes mouse-grey, nervnrcs grey, rest of wing semiliyalinc
white. llindwing seniiliyaline white, abdominal margin to tornus jiale grey-
?. Similar, but much larger. In canescens Walk, the ? is not mn<h more
than half the size of the largest S <S .
Length of forewing : 6 1.") mm.; ? 22 mm.
Breadth „ S 0 mm.; ? 15 mm.
Length of forewing large canescens : S 36 mm.; ? 2;") mm.
Breadth „ „ „ J 24 mm. ; ? 15 mm.
Oil. Metarctia taymansi sii. nov.
fj. Near to Iiacmatocssa Holl. Legs inside and in front crimson ; pali)i and
head brown ; antennae brown, j)aler towards the tips ; thorax and abdomen light
eartli-broiTU. Forewing pale bull', all nerviires, costal and inner areas earth-brown,
a large iiatch of earth-brown on discncellnlars and another at base of wings, intra-
nervnlar spaces sjilashed and clouded with earth-brown, a submarginal row of
semilunar earth-brown spots. Hindwing pale buff wasiied with salmon.
Length of forewing: 25 mm.
Hall. Kassai District, ( 'ongo Free State (Taymans).
1 cJ.
01. Metarctia erlangeri si', nov.
?. Antennae blacl; : head and thorax bright orange brick-red; abdomen
bright orange brick-red, witli black bands on interspaces of segments. Forewing
salmon-cinnamon, fringe yellowish salmon. Hindwing yellowish cinnamon
salmon-piuk.
3. Differs in the abdomen being more orange ; the costa of forewing bright
salmon-red, the fringe salmon washed with cinnamon-brown ; the hindwing is
bright salmon-]iiMk.
Length of forewing : S IS— 22 mm. ; ? 30 mm.
IJab. Djedda to Sibbe, Arussi Galla Couatry, Abyssinia, 2900 metres, July 28,
1(100 (Erianger & Neumann), 1 ? (t.vpi») : Muhnmbna. (limbo River to Cugho
Kiver, September 18, l'.»o3 (Dr. Ansorge), 1 t? ; Bulubnlu, Bihe, Angola,
October 2, 1004 (Dr. Ansorge), 1 S.
02. Pseudapiconoma alBuis sp. nov.
S. Allied to daphaena Hamps.; differs in the forewings being much rounder
at termen and much broader, in the basal half of hindwings being semihyaline
white, in the intranervular spaces and costal area of forewings being crimson,
aud in Iherc being four comidete scarlet rings on abdomen.
Length of forewing : ilni>haeiia S 20 mm.
Breadth „ „ „ 13 mm.
Length „ (iffinis $ 10 mm.
Breadth „ „ „ 14 mm.
Hub. Kassai District, Congo Free State (Taymans), 1 c^ (type) ; Stanby P.")l
to liokolele, Congo River, 1804 (Kev. Harrison), 1 i.
(443 )
03. Pseudapiconoraa batesi congoensis snlis]i. nov.
?. DifftTs from Ixitt'si hiitegi Dnice \\)' the earth-brown, not orange, head and
tegnlae, the dniler orange abdomen, the duller, more earth-brown forowings, the
brown, not crimson, snbcostal nervnre, and the much smaller of the yellow red-ringed
patches on the forewiiigs.
cJ. Does n(jt cliller from S iHttcsi batesi.
Ilab. Lnebo Kassai, Congo, October 1903 (Landbeck), 1 ? (type); Yaknsn, Upper
Congo (Kenred Smith), 2 S S : Bopoto, Upper Congo (Kenred Smith), 1 S ;
Kassai District, Congo (Taymans), 1 S ; sontli of Congo River (Bentley), 1 S.
64. Pseudapiconoma batesi ugaudae siil)sp. nov.
?. Differs from batesi coiajociisis in the olive-brown colonr of the forewings,
head, and thorax, and in there being a red-ringed yellow spot on vein 3 and a red
one on vein 4.
J. DiH'ers from the cjrf of batesi batesi and b<itesi congoensis in the uniform
rufons orange or orange-rufous head, thora.v, and abdomen, and in the much
smaller red-ringed yellow patches on the forewing.s.
Ilab. Entebbe, Uganda (F.J. Jackson), I ? (type), 2 (Jc?; Entebbe, Uganda,
November VM1 (Captain Rattray), 1 S.
05. Pseudapiconoma coeruleifascia (Walk.).
Tiiis insect was erroneously retained in Metarctia by Sir George Hamiison. It
has tiie normal c? of a Pseudajiiroiwma, with short broad forewings and verv
small hindwings. The undescribed male is as follows : —
S. Pectus, tibiae, and coxae crimson; head crimson ; antennae black ; thorax
and abdomen orange- scarlet. Forewing earth-brown, a crimson streak at base of
subcostal and one below base of vein 1, a large orange-scarlet patch with darker
edges between vein 1 and the origin of vein 2, a crimson dot on vein 2, a crimson
spot in centre of cell and a patch at apex of cell, and a crimson spot on subcostal
edge between veins 0 and 7. Hindwing orange, costa and abdominal area
orange-scarlet.
Length of forewing : S 20 ninj.
Breadtli ,, „ „ 111 mm.
Length of hindwing : Jll mm.
Breadth „ ,, „ s mm.
Ilab. of cf described : Moyambe, Sierra Leone, March ]9u3 (bred) (D. Cator).
The Tring Museum has 5 ? ? from Sierra Leone collected by Mr. Mitford,
Captain Stevens, and Major Bainbridge.
lu;
Pseudapiconoma ehrmanni iloll.
This has lieen wrongly treated by Sir George Ilampsou as a syuouyni of
coendeifaseia \\&\k. ; it is quite distinct, as the c? proves. Description of c? is as
follows : —
cJ. Forelegs yellowish clay-grey ; pectus and head crimson ; tegulae, basal half
( 444 )
yellowish olay-grey, onter half reddish orange : iiatajcia reddish oranpe ; thorax
yellowish clay-grey spotted witii orange; abdomen reddish orange. ^Forewinir,
basal half clayish mouse-grey, apical half ochraeeons orange, nervnres elayisli
mouse-grey; costa, basal two-thirds elayisli mouse-grey, ajiical oiu'-lhinl oehraeeous
orange ; snbeosta, basal half erimsoii, outer half ochraeeons ; basal two-tifths of inner
area (area between vein 1 and liiiulmargiii) scarlet-orange ; an ochraeeons orange
l)atch in apex of cell, another lietween vein 1 and origin of vein 3, a greyish cloud
between snbeosta and vein 3 half-way between apex of cell and termen.^ lliiid-
wing orange-salmon.
Ildb. oi 6 6 described : AVassau District, forty-tive miles inland from Sekondi,
Gold (Joast.
The .3 ? ? in Tring Musenm are from Kwahen, Guinea, Juno lOul, Sierra
Leone, and Luebo Kassai, Congo, I0U3 (Landbeck).
C7. Metapiconoma rattrayi sji. nov.
S. Allied to M. oc/iracea Walk.; antennae black: tursi and tibiae pale monse-
grey ; pectus and frons crimson, vertex orange ; tegulae and patagia mouse-grey
edged with orange; thorax pale mouse-grey with hind edge and two longitu.linal
bands orange : abdomen Indian yellow, intersegmental spaces pale slate-n-rev.
Forewiug, basal three-fourths mouse-grey, onter fourth Indian yellow, costa
and nervures pale mouse-grey, basal two-fifths of subcostal crimson, a crimson
splash on vein 1 one-third from base, an Indian-yellow patch at ajjex of coll and an
obliquely transverse row of six such patches between veins 1 and 7. Hindwing
Indian yellow.
¥ . Head jiale crimson : thorax as in 6; abdomen orange with pale crimson base
and broad intersegmental slate bands. Forewing dark fawn-colour or fawn-
brown, an ill-defined orange spot in cell, a hyaline spot ringed with pale orange
between veins 1 and 2, and four similar larger ones between veins 3 and 7, basal
seventh of subcostal crimson, and basal third of inner area orange and scarlet, a faint
broad submarginal rufous band. Hindwing, basal third rosy crimson, outer two-
tliirds orange-buff.
Length of forewing : 6 20 mm. ; ¥ 31 mm.
I/a/i. Entebbe, Uganda, September 1901— November 1002 (Captain Uattray),
0 66 (type), 1 ?; Kurunga, Kyanika, Bulamwezi, March 30, 1807 (Ur. Ansorge),
1 6; Wcni, HiverToru, April 31, Iskd (Dr. Ansorgo), 1 6.
6s. Pseudapiconoma preussi Auriv.
Psi'iul. itpeciiligera Griinberg is the ¥ of 7'.v,'w/. piriissi Auriv., as is easily seen
by the abdomen in the figure, which is described as follows: " each segment from 3-()
bright rust-red with fore and hind margin broadly brown-grey." Now none of the
other I'sctulaijicoiioma except preussi have the red segments with a double grey
border, unA preussi is only known in the 6 sex and speculiyera only in the ? sex.
Moreover, />/•««.«.«/ has an outer row of five semiliyaline spots, while the other 66
only have two; the fiv^fi sprniliijrrri has six spots ami the second has five, while all
other f Pse/ic/apicotioiiHi have only four It is thercfuro (|iiifc> clear that Sheculigera
is the ¥ oi preussi.
(445 )
M. Pseudapiconoma vitreata sp. nov.
This species is quite distinct from J'tiicstni/a Joril.
?. Legs, lie.ul, antennae, and thorax very dark nisset-lirowu ; abdomen very
dark riisset-lirown, two dorsal and one lateral line of lilack spots on iiih.Tsc'i^racnfal
sjiaces. Fortwing excised at ternieii, basal and npiciil lonrtlis dark russet-brown,
rest of wing very clear hyaline, a very large discocellular ]iatcli, a smaller one
between veins 7 and 8, and costa dark riisset-brown. Hindwing hyaline with
broad deep russet-brown margin, cell semihyaliue russet-grey.
Length of forewing : 33 mm.
IJaL ?
1 ?.
NOTES ON SEA ELEPHANTS {MIBOITNGA).
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pn.D.
(Plates VIIL and IX.)
rr^lIE Sea Elephants or Elephant Seals {Mirounga) have always interested me,
J- both from their curious distribution as well as on account of their rapidly
approaching extermination.
The immediate incentive for publishing the accom[ianying jilates was the
acquisition of the magnificent specimen of the Southern form (Mironiicja patugonifa
Gray) from the Falkland Islands figured ou Plate IX.
\\\ the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 19U9, pp. 1)01 — 6u(3, Mr. R.
Lydi'kker has divided the Sea Ele[)hants (MiroKi/ga) into two species, one of which
he divides into three distinct and oue doubti'ul subspecies. In a footnote on page 0' Hi
he draws attention to certain facts furnished him by myself which alter somewhat
his conclusions. In the same journal for 1910, pp. 580 — .VSS, Professor Einar
Liinnberg, while maintaining his belief in the subspecific distinction amoug the Sea
Elephants, proves by the comparison of a number of South Georgia Sea Elephant
skulls that the cranial characters on which Mr. Lydekker relies are too variable to
have any diagnostic value. This being the case I shall endeavour to filnd some
constant characters and give a key to species and sulispecies in a future article.
When Mr. Harris reported the existence of the small herd of the Northern Sea
Elephant on Guadaloupe Island, and I requested him to procure sijecimens, he made
the, to me, startling announienicnt that he must reach the island before the
middle of May or the Sea Elephants would have migrated to the south. I looked
up the matter, and I found that, although a few stray inilividuals might formerly
have leil a pelagic life north of the Equator, the bulk of the Northern Sea Elephants
migrated in the hot weather to the Chilian coast and the islands near (Juan
Fernandeic, Masafuera, etc.). As Linnaeus based his I'lioca leo/iiiiK on Lonl
Anson's si)ecimen brought in 1744 i'rom the island of Juan Fernandez, the name
must be retained for the Northern Sea Elephant, and, in spite of Mr. Lydekker's
objection that the name is based on an immiture spe-iraen and therefore the
diagnosis is faulty and insufficient, Gray's name of jxitagonica must stand for the
Southern Sea Elephant.
Unlike Mr. Lydekker, I consider the No'thern Sea Elephant also only
( 446 )
subspecific-ally sejjaralile from the Soathern forms. ;The comparison of Mr.
Harris's largest bull from (iiiadaloupe Island with my Falkland Island specimen,
two or three Macqnarie Island specimens, and (wo or three Crozet Island individuals
makes it at once apparent, as is also shown in photographs from life, that the
proboscis of the Northern Sea Elephant is much longer than in the Southern
races. This is especially remarkable in young bulls. A Northern bull at Trin"-,
II ft. 4 in. long, has a trunk :5i— 4 in. long, while a l"2-foot bull from the
Mac(|naries has no sign of a trunk. The trunk, however, was apparently very fnllv
developed in the e.xtinct Bass Straits race, and is also longer in the Macqnarie form
than in the Crozet and Falkland races.
The measurements of my Falkland Island bull are by iar the largest of any
preserved Sea Elephant in collections, its total length over t!ie curve being '-.'1 ft.
From what I can gather from my e.Kamiuation of material the following forms
will eventually be distinguishable : —
1. Mirouuga leonina leonina (Linn.).
Coasts of California and adjacents islands (wintering on Chilian coasts).
~. M. leonina patagonica Gray.
Falkland Islands, S. Georgia, and ? S. Shetlands.
3. M. leonina kerguelensis (Peters) = M. I. crozettensis Lyd.
Herd Island, Kerguelen Island, Crozet Lslands, etc.
4. M. leoninus peronii Gray.
Islands of Bass Straits (extinct).
5. M. leoninus macquariensis Lyd.
5Iac(juarie Islands.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate VIII.
Mirounga leonina leonina (Linn.),
(iiiadaloupe Tshuid, California.
Plate IX.
Mirounga leonina patagonica (iray.
Falkland Islands.
( 447 )
LIST OF TUE SPIIINGIDAE COLLECTED BY THE LATE
W. HOFFMANNS AT ALLIANCA, RIO MADEIRA,
AMAZONAS.
By TUE Hon. L. W. ROTHSCHILD and K. JORDAN.
WHEN out collecting one night in November lODT at Allianca, which lies a
short distance below S. Antonio, Rio Madeira, the late 'Wiilieliu lIolT-
luanus ]passed a locality which is under water dnring the wet season, but at that
time of the year was dry, except lor some pools of water in the depressions of the
ground. His attention was arrested by a number of moths liovering over the
pools. Tlic moths iiroved to be !S[ihingidae, and W. Iloffinauiis at once started to
make good use of the oi)portunity accidentally discovered. He visited the locality
almost night after night, often staying nearly till daybreak in the very unhealthy
])lace, and thus obtained a remarkably good collection of about 250U specimens of
Hawkmoths during .several weeks of night-collecting in November and December.
The following extract (translated) from Hoffmanns's letter refers to this collection : —
"November 25, 1007. — Allianca lies on high ground on the eastern side of the
Rio Madeira above the mouth of the Rio Jamary. This ' terra firma' is traversed
by a narrow swamp, called ' JapiJr.' When out there one night at li o'clock I
observed Sphingidae over the jwols, and since then I have been very busy every
night catching Hawkmoths. So far J have obtained about loDt) specimens, but
hope to get 2000. All have to be caugiit with the net, and I liave been at it every
night as late as 1, 2, or 3 o'clock. When the sun rises all must be put out to
dry. It means a very great deal of work. 1 must remain with the specimens,
as there are many enemies here who would play havoc among them, above all
the rain, which may descend any minute, then pigs, fowls, mules, auts, etc. My
weight is now as low as 114 pounds, and I have always a little fever, probably
owing to the dampness in the swamp. This being the tirst time during all
my travels that I have met with such an oi)poi'tunity, I am so enthusiastic that
nothing will prevent me from going on with the work, althongh my legs ache from
jumping about so much. Of course, I am obliged to catch every specimen, as it is
imi)ossible to recognize anything on the wing and in t he darkness. 1 get conse [uently
of many species long series. The collection, no donbt, will interest yon, and 1
should be very glad if you found good species in it. There are but few butterflies
here. No trace of I'apiUo hahueli.
" 2\ovi'mhcr 2<i. — The rain has interrni)tcd collecting. To-day 1 obtained for the
first time a splendid specimen of one of the larger species.* It is really an KIdorado
for Sphingidae. Unfortunately I cannot stay here much longer. The steamer
which is to take me down to Marraellos leaves on December (j-!S. But collecting
is over here anyhow. The water in the depression in the groiuid begins to rise, and
in January canoes pass along there from the Uio Jamary to the Rio Madeira.
" JJeccmher 2. — The collection of Sphingidae has continued to increase. I have
found a second specimen of the brilliant fellow.* Yesterday and to-day were
sunny. It is a serious matter that the Sphingidae drink so much water and dry
* Ortjha hadeni, see Iso. 17 of tlie list.
( 448 )
very slowly. On cutting nj) some a jot of water spurted out. They give me so
much to do that they take up all my time.
" December 8. — During the last three days I wa< ocou|)ied with drying the
Hawkmotlis, and I am still afraid to pack them up. I sliiiil probably bo obliged
to kec]) back some which will not get dry."
The specimens arrived in good order. There was no mould among them.
As it is of some interest to know which species frecjuented the water-jiouls, we
have compared all the specimens and now give a list of the forms the collection
contained. The water-driidcing habit is, amonj; insects, essentially a feature of the
male sex. All the s[)ociraens sent by Iloll'manns indeed were males, with the
exception of five. However, since the collections made at the pools and other
places near Allianca were not strictly kept separate from one another, these
females may have been obtained at light or flowers. The presence in the
collection of some Amhtdicinai' and I'h/icrocampimie may possibly also bo ex-
plained in the same way.
The Sphingidae which are most abundant in South America are species of the
genera Cori/tiut!, Pi-otoparcr, I'liolus, Xi/lopkaiies, and numy genera of the sub-
family &«////«^. Tlie majority of the species collected by lloftmanns are Sesiiiiae,
the other subfamilies being but sparsely represented. Nearly half the number
of specimens belong to two species, Pachylia Jicus and Pachi/lia resumenn. Next
in abundance comes Perigonia lasca f. ilu». Large numbers were also taken of
Pachi/Ua si/ccn, Lcurorhampha onmtus, llcnwroplanes nomitis, puree, and iniuis,
Aletiron iphis and iieijleetum, JVi/cer^/x stuarti, etc., some of which, as a rule, are
only obtained singly by collectors. It is not surprising that there are also some
novelties in a collection of this size.
1. Cocytius cluentivis Cram. (1TT5).
C. -■., R. & J., lin-isinn p. 04. n. .'M (I'.IO.S).
2. Cocytius mortiiorum sp, nov.
c??. C'losely resembling C. duponchel Poey C18li2) in colour and markings;
but the black markings on upperside of body and forewing thinner. Forewing
with a conspicuous white line at basal fourth, more or less interrupted and in
cell strongly curved outwards ; no black longitudinal streaks on disc; the oblique
lino which extends from ajiex of wing towards the postdiscal line very thin and
niiicb interrupted; the semitransparent space present liolow cell in 0'. ihtponehel,
and covered in that species with regular rows of slightly elevated black scales, is
replaced in (\ mortiioraiii by an ill-detined clayish jiatch of ordinary scaling. •
On hiiidvving the yellow patch of a paler tone, and only slightly sinuate ; the
transparent area a little larger than in C. dtipowhel.
On underside the yellow colour also of a paler tijit, and both wings shaded
with yellow along costal margin to a])ex of cell or beyond.
Legs more extended white than in V. ditpoiieliel, especially the hind tibiii ;
first foretarsal segment as long as second and third together, comb on inside of
this segment absent, excejit for one or two apical spines.
Genitalia (|uite different. c? : Clasper ipiite small as compared with the
enormous clasjier off. d u po /le /i e /, und much irrorated with creamy white on the
outside. Tenth tergite resembling that of (.'. nntaeiis, long, slender, not incised
( 449 )
at ajiex, liardly at all carved in lateral view ; tenth sternite boat-shaped, pointed,
the tip slightly pointing upwards. Harpe almost straight, tapering, not curved
upwards, pyranaid-shaped, with the upper surface concave, the edge armed with
many small teeth, which are especially numerous at tlie apex, one of them
standing at the inner edge near the apex being more prominent. Penis-sheath
produced into an obtuse lobe ; the apical edge notched on the opposite side.
? . Vaginal plate nearest to that of C. antaeus ; not closely examined.
Length of forewing : c? 57 — 6(1 mm.; ? 72 mm.
Vi S $ from Allianca; 1? obtained by Ockenden at S. Domingo, Carabaya,
South-East Peru, COOU ft,, June 1901.
3. Cocytius duponchel Poey (1832).
C. (l, R. & J., Revision p. 56. n. 33 (1903).
26 S tj. In one of these specimens the two white discocellular spots are
enlarged on each forewing and form a curved, constricted bar.
4. Protoparce perplexa sp. nov.
cJ. In colour and markings almost exactly like P. pelleiiia H.-S. (1854).
Head and palpi a little more extended black; nuderside of abdomen less shaded
with fuscous, the base being white. Forewing broader and along the costal
margin darker than in F. pellenia, the black sericeous patch situated below R'
longer, the sericeous area conseijuently more incurved between R' and costal
margin. The light discal band of the hindwing much shaded with black ; the
black submarginal band narrower than in P. pellenia.
On iindi'fside the discal lines of forewing fainter even than in P. pellenia.
Hindwing darker, only the abdominal area being greyish white ; the black-brown
discal dentate line single, there being just a vestige of the proximal line found
on the disc in P. pellenia.
Harpe very much broader than in P. pellenia, widest at apex, which is
rounded and curved inward. The other parts of the genitalia as in P. pellenia.
1 c?. The conspicuous difference in the harpe induces us to treat the specimen
as representing a distinct species.
5. Protoparce rustica rustica Fabr. (1775).
P. r. >:, R. & J„ Rroisinn p. 84. n. 53. a ( 1903).
One j)air.
6. Protambulyx eurycles H.-S. (1854).
P. f., R. * J., Rvi-isivii p. 175. D. 135 (1903).
1 6.
7. Protambulyx strigilis L. (1771).
P. »., R. & J., RetHHioK p. 179. n. 141 (1903).
5 cJ(?.
1^. Amplypterus palmeri Boisd. (1875).
.1.^)., R. it J., n,rlsi,m p. 183. n. 145 (1903).
1 <s.
29
( 450 )
0. Pseudosphinx tetrio L. (1"1).
r. I., R. & J., lierislon p. 353. n. 283 (1903).
A few (Jc?.
10. Isognathus leachi .Snains. (1823).
/. /., U. & J., Rei-imm p. 353. n. 284 (1903).
23c?c?.
11. Erinnyis alope Dim v (1773).
E. «., R. .<• J., Ri-oiskm p. 302. n. 292 (.1913).
11 c?c?.
12. Erinuyis oenotrus Stoll (1780).
i'. «., R. & J., Itcvisinu p. 300. n. 290 (1903).
13 cJJ.
13. Pachylia ficus L. (I7.".8).
P. /.. R. & J., Rfi-Uhn p. 373. n. 302 (1903),
More than 500 specimens, all c^cj.
14. Pachylia syces syces Iliibn. (1822).
P. s. .»., R. & J., Revision p. 374. n. 303. a (190:'.).
68 c?(?. The pale costal median jiateU of the forewiiig does not extend back-
wards heyond the lower angle of the cell in any of the specimens.
li). Pachylia darceta l»inco (1881).
P. ,/., R. & J., Renswn p. 370. n. 304 (1903).
10. Pachylia resumens ^Valk. (I8.i6).
P. I., U. & .1., Rrrixioii p. 370. n. 3O.0 (190;',).
More than 500 specimens.
17. Oryba kadeni Scbauf (1870).
0. /,-., R, ^*i J., Revision p. 379. u. 300 (190
3 S6.
18. Oryba achemenides Cram. (1779).
0. (I,, R. & J , Rn-ishm p. 379. n. 3U7 (1903).
1 S.
1'.'. Leucorhampha triptoleinus <'ram. (177!i).
L t., R. S- J., Revieiim p. 381. n. 308 (1903).
17 cJc?. One specimen has nearly as much yellowish green on the forewing as
the next species.
20. Leucorhampha ornatus Rotiischild (189r)).
L. o., R. & J., Rrrision p. 382. n. 310 (1903).
83 6S.
( 451 )
21. Hemeroplanes nomius ^Valk. (1856).
//. H., R. & J., Revlsinii p. 388. n. 316 (1003).
69 <?(?.
22. Hemeroplanes pan Craiu. (ITT'.i).
//. p., R. & J., Rei-ision p. 388. n. 317 (1903).
Now we have seen more material of tliis rare species, we find tliat there are two
subspecies, which dilfer as toliows : —
(«) //. pan dentieulafa iSe])ans (1895).
Calliommn ileiiliciiliitu Schaus, IliiI. Xfir^ vi. p. 141 (1895) (Jalapa).
Forewing more or less strongly dentate, in the cf the ape.x sinnate. On the
hindwing the black anal spot at least U mm. wide. Basal half of forewing beneath
tawny.
In the ?, of which we liave now one specimen from Costa Rica (Banana River),
the forewing is less dentate tlian in c? and broader, with the tip truncate.
This form is found from Mexico to Bern.
{/)) II. pan pan Crara. (1770).
Sjihiiir pan Cramer, Pap. Exol. iii. p. 39. t. 210. fig. D (1779) (Surina-n).
Apex of forewing truncate, sinus l)elow apex nearly as deep as in rlenticnlata,
teeth of margin very sinili. Hindwing darker along distal margin, being here
dusted witli black ; black aual spot narrower than in the preceding form. On
underside the basal area of tlie forewing with little or no tawny colour.
Hoffmanns obtained 'Z S S . We have other specimens, also ^ (S , from the
Upper and Lower Amazons (Rio Caciiyaco, Pebas, and Par.i), and British Gniana
(Omai).
23. Hemeroplanes acuta sp. nov.
S . Body similar to that of //. jxiive, but much dee|ier in tone, being olivac."'-
ous fawn.
Vfmgs,aliO':e. Forewing narrower than in Il.parce, apex sliarply pointed, outer
margin deeply sinuate below apex ; ground-colour blackish sepia, the wings appear-
ing mucli more uniform in colour than in //. jxirce ; two triangular costal patches
plumbeous, one in middle and tlie other at tlie subcostal fork, this second patch
without the small dark lunules present in H. prrce; at the proximal side of the
silver spot a dark curved band as in parce but fainter, and farther basad an indis-
tinct pale band edged proximally by a thin pale line ; near liase a vestige of another
pale band ; at hindniargin a plumbeous [lalch below the silver spot ; outer half of
wing with black transverse speckles ; no sharply marked oblique apical line as in
//. parcc, but a plumbeous submarginal cloud before centre of outer margin, out-
wardly bordered with black. -Hindwing ferruginous, with a blackish sepia distal
border, which is II mm. wide at apex and encloses an ill-d(_•fill^■d pale bar at anal
angle; on disc the vestige of a dark band.
Underside dark fawn, with numerous blackish transverse sjieckles, both wings
bearing a blackish band outside cell ; forewing fcrrnginons from base to apex of
cell, no a[iical line ; lines of dots in outer half of hindwing, like the median line,
more prominent tlian in II. puree.
Length of forewing : 32 mm.
( 452 )
One c? from AUianca. The style of marking of the forewing recalls dark
specimens of //. cnUiomcnai'. In this species, however, the hiudwing is always of
a yellow tint, never ferrnginous.
We have two more c?c? of acutK, one from Chauchamayo, the other without
locality (and without head).
24. Hemeroplanes parce Fabr. (17T5).
H.2>., K. & J., Rerisioti p. 300. n. S'-'o (IHOJ).
134 cJ(?, which exhibit considerable variability, especially in the distinctness
of the markings on the forewing and the amount of black in the marginal area of
the hindwing.
2o. Hemeroplanes inuus R. k J. (19u3).
//. ;., R. & J., RerUion p. .TOl. n. .321 (1903).
(50 3S.
20. Aleuron carinata Walk. (1856).
.1. c, R. & J., Rerision p. 305. n. 324 (1003).
8 SS.
27. Aleuron chloroptera I'erty (1834).
.1. <■., R. & J., Rtrisini, p. 306. n. 327 (19il3).
38 (?c?.
28. Aleuron iphis Walk. (1856).
A. i., E. & J., Revision p. 308. u. 320 (1003).
58 SS.
29. Aleuron neglectum R. & J. (1903).
A. «., R. & J., Revision p. 398. n. 330 (1003).
72 cJc?. A darker insect than the i)receding one ; the white line on the fore-
wing sometimes barely vestigial.
30. Enyo japix Ijapix Cram. (1776).
E.j.j., R. & J., Rn-ls!on p. 400. n. 331. a (1903).
13 <?(?.
31. Epistor lugubris lugubris L. (1771).
E. I. I., R. & J., Revision p. 404. n. 333. « (1003).
4 S<i.
32. Epistor ocypete L. (1758).
E. 0., R. & J., Revision p. 405. n. 334 (1003).
71 cJcJ andl ?.
33. Epistor gorgon Cram. (1777).
E. g., R. & J., Revision p. 405. n. 335 (1903).
4 (?(?.
34. Epistor cavifer R. & J. (1903).
E. c, R. & J., Revision p. 407. n. 337 (1903).
2 SS.
(453 )
35. Pachygonia caliginosa Fold. (1874).
P.c, R. .i- J., Revision p. 410. n. 339 (1003).
8 (?cf.
36. Nyceryx coffeae Walk. (1856).
N. c, R. & J., Rerisiuii p. 417. n. 349 (1903).
38 tJcJ.
37. Nyceryx magna Fekl. (1874).
N. m., R. & J., Revision p. 418. n. 350 (1903).
4 c? c?. This species is very rare in collections.
38. Nyceryx riscns Scbans (1890).
N. r, R. & J., Revision p. 422. n. 357 (lUOS).
18 <S S, of more than average size.
30. Nyceryx stuarti Rothsch. (1894).
N. s., R. & J., Revision p. 422. n. 358 (1903).
45 cJ (?. This species and riscus resemble each other closely ; they are dis-
tinguishable, apart from the genitalia, by the dark marginal band of the forewing
being wider at hind angle in stuarti than in riscus. On the underside, the posterior
half of the submarginal line on the forewing and the distal border of the hindwing
are less prominent in stuarti than in riscus ; also tlie S-shaped lines are fainter in
stuarti, and the cell of the forewing is not or but very little shaded with fuscous. '
40a. Perigonia lusca f. ilus Boisd. (1870).
P. I. f. i., R. ii J., Revision p. 428. n. 303. c ' (1903).
340 (Jcf. Variable in size. The yellow band of the hindwing broader in some
specimens than in others.
4(ii. Perigonia lusca f. interrupta Walk. (1804).
P. I. f. /., R. & J., Revision p. 428. n. 303. (/ ' (1903).
4 cJcJ.
[40. Perigonia lusca f. restituta Walk. (1804).
P. I. f. )•., R. >*; J., Revision p. 428. n. 303. e ' (1903).
4 66.
41. Eupyrrhoglossum sagra Poey (1832).
K. s-., R. & J., Revision p. 430. n. 307 (1903).
43 d<S.
42. Eupyrrhoglossum venustum sp. nov.
(?. Head and thora.\ above blaik-brown (dark mummy-brown), with two broad
plumbeous stripes ; head with slight mesial crest. End-segment of antenna
cylindrical. Abdomen black-brown at base, tergites 4 and 5 dark chestnut, shaded
with plumbeous; tergites 6 and 7 black with chestnut fringes, a large central spot
and a smaller lateral spot on each .plumbeous ; tripartite tail large, black-brown
with yellow sjwt at apex of lateral lobes and two subbasal dorsal plumbeous spots,
( 454 )
f i|i of mesial lobe chestnut. On nndersiile the palpus (irearay wliite, breast and first
three aliilominal sternites maize-yellow, paler than in E. cornis, this colour extcndinjr
on to the lower etl^e of the ter>,Mtes, rest of alidomen jiale chestnut, the sternites of
segments 5 ami >> bearing a yellowish spot towards each side.
AVings, above. Forewing narrower and longer tlian in K. sdyra, black-brown,
plumbeous between the lines ; seven black-brown transverse lines between base
and vein M' ; lines 2 and 3 and again (! and 7 more or less fuse<l, this last double
line nearly straight ; a stigma similar to an inverted comma, witii a dot in front
of it ; on disc o parallel, somewhat dentate, S-siiaped lines, jiartly ed'aced between
K' and S.M-, where the wing is paler brown and is fluslied with i)lumbeon3 ;
the fiftli line broad, being narrowed before R' ; a subraarginal line, which runs
from the apical angle of the wing to the hinder angle, joins the fifth discal one
before W, and is coincident with it from tliere to hind angle ; outer margin a little
more convex in centre than in saf/ra. Hindwing brownish black ; a greenish
)-ellow central band broader than in mf/ra, much paler than in rorniit ; a slight
admarginal line and a similar sulimarginal one jilumbeous, a third line indicated
behind; fringe creamy buff, yellow at anal angle.
Underside pale hazel. Basal half of forewing blackish, shaded with yellowish ;
on disc two brown dentate lines in S-shape and a third faint one between tliem ;
a faint undulate line from apex, joining outer discal line at R-. Hindwing from
base to anal angle maize-yellow, this colour gradually fading away towards disc ;
three brown lines in enter half, the first in middle, nearly straight, the second and
third cuived costad and slightly dentate.
Length of forewing : ;U mm.
1 c? from Allianca. At once distinguished from F.. corrits by the ]iale tint of
the baud of the hindwing and the breast, and the numerous brown-black lines on
the npperside of the forewing.
43. Sesia ceculus Cram. (1"7).
H. c, R. & J., Rer'iHion p. 423. n. •M<i (l'J03).
Five large and two small Si.
44. Sesia fadus Cram. (ITTa).
S.f., R. & J., Revision p. 437. n. 373 (IHO:!).
Three worn cJcJ.
45. Pholus auchemolus ('ram. (177'.»).
I\ .(., R. & J., Rerisinii p. 47S. n. 404 (I'.Hi:!).
One pair.
■iC>. Pholus satellitia licaon Cram. (1775).
J'. ,v. /., R. ^ J., Iln-i.siu„ p. 482. n. 4UG. .■ (1'.I03).
4 <SS.
47. Xylophanes schausi serenus subsp. nov.
Xi/liijihanes scluiiini, R. & J., Uerixinn p. <iSG. n. ('>32 (l'J03) (partiin ; Venezuela).
The olivaceous subraarginal patch between the radials on the up])erside of
the forewing very slightly indicated, while it is ]irominent in the southern form,
A'. «. schausi from Brazil fRio, Espiritu Santo).
( 455 )
1 (? from AUianca (type) and 2 ? ? from Aroa, Venezuela.
The specimen lignred in the Rerision (pi. ix. iig. ]:i) is a <?, not a.? as stated
I.e.; we had at that time 4 J c? from Brazil and 2 ? ? from Vcncznela. The sexes
are practically alike in colour and markings.
48. Xylophanes cosmius obscurus subsp. nov.
?. ]{esembles A', cosmias U. & J., Xoi\ Xool. p. 1S3. n. 12 (190(i), from
Sonth-East Tern.
Uppcrsidf. The antemedian double line of the forewlng straight across
cell, elbowed at M, not at SO as iu X. cosmi'/s and epap/ii/s ; the black median
patcli larger than in the two species mentioned ; tlie discal line distinctly though
feebly curved basad lielow centre of wing, reaching hindmargin in middle; area
between this line and distal margin as iu cosm/'us and epajj/ins, but the blackish
portion of a deeper tone ; fringe without distinct pale spot, except for a minute one
at apex. Ilindwing as in cosmius, but the baud less groeu and the margin
entirely black ; fringe white, with minute black dots at the veins.
Uiulcrsiile more densely irrorated than iu the allied forms, and the marginal
band broader and purplish black. On the forewing the two black costal spots less
prominent, and the basal half of the wing more extended black.
1 ?. This specimen was among Hoffmanus's butterflies, and we may tliere-
fore assume that it was not caught at tlie pools drinking. As we do not know
the ¥ of cosmius and have seen only two ¥ ? of epapkus, we are not yet certain
if obscurus is a distinct species or a geograjdiical form of cosmius. In order to
emphasize its close aflinity with cosmius, we treat it as a subspecies.
49. Xylophanes chiron nechus Cram. (1777).
X. cli. «., R. & J., Rei'isiun p. l!'J8. n. G51.(( (1903).
5 c?cJ, 1 ¥.
(456)
SOME NEW SPEINGIDAE.
By the Hon. L. W. ROTHSCHILD and K. JORDAN.
1. Cocytius vitrinus sp. nov.
?. Nearest to f. dupomhel Poey (1832). Upperside of body more grey, the
lateral border of thorax white ; uuderside of abdomen pure white, with the brown
mesial spots small ; side-spots of abdomen paler yellow than in C. dnponchel, as is
also the base of the hindwing above and beneath. Forewing narrower, the hind
angle much less prominent, outer margin convex, the greenish colour of duponchel
almost entirely replaced by white and grey ; the two black lines across apex of
cell more longitudinal, having nearly the direction of vein R' ; white stigma large,
kidney-sliaped, edged with brown ; all the discal lines more strongly curved in their
costal half, the interspace between the third and fourth lines ochraceous at the
veins, the fourth line almost continuous, prominent ; black streak R'— M' long,
extending to black submarginal cloud ; behind M' another distinct black longi-
tudinal streak ; at apex a white patch bordered by the black oblique apical line,
marginal area altogether more extended white than the disc. Hindwing also
narrower tbau in duponckel, the transparent area much larger, reaching close to
base and posteriorly extending nearly to snbmedian fold ; the pale yellow basal
patch consequently much reduced anteriorly, the portion situated in duponchel in
front of the sinus being almost entirely absent in ritrintis, and the sinus there-
fore less distinct ; black marginal border only 4 mm. broad in centre at the veins,
slightlv dentate between the veins.
° On underside the yellow colour reduced. Forewing with faint pale shades
along the veins, and a "very slight indication of a dark band on the disc. The
transparent area of hindwing consists of six spaces.
Edo-e of vaginal orifice raised anteriorly and laterally, anteriorly sinuate,
laterally slightl/ angulate, but not produced into a triangular lobe as in
C. duponchel.
Length of forewing : 58 mm.
One 9 from Santiago, Cuba (Tollin).
•2. Polyptychus contraria diflfusus subsp. nov.
S ? . Intermediate in shape of wings between /'. c. contraria from East Africa
and F. c. submarginalis from the western side of the continent.
(J. Wings without any lines above and beneath. On upperside forewing with
fuscous fringe and a drab shadow along outer margin, this border being narrowed
to a point at apex of wing, gradually widening and lairly well defined from there
to vein RS where the shadowy band is broadest. Hindwing very pule Vmff-pmk ;
extreme edge of outer margin, not the fringes, blackish before anal angle ; near
this angle a minute blackish dot and a vestige of a second.
On underside the fringe of both wings dark spotted.
? . Forewing, on upperside with traces of two autemedian lines and a discal
(457 )
line ; a subai)ical costal black Jot is followed by traces of some snbiuarginal clots
on the veins. — — Hindwing with a faint median Hue; no submarginal dots.
On underside with very faint submarginal dots on the veins of both wings.
One pair from Shinda, Eritrea (received from Messrs. Standinger & Bang-
Haas).
3. Perigonia leucopus sp. nov.
(J. Near P. stidfa H.-S. (l.so4). Upperside of body grey-vinaceous, sides of
abdomen with a row of ill-defined grey spots. Underside as in P. stalfn, pale
walnut-brown ; tibiae and tarsi with a conspicuous pure white stripe on upperside.
Wings nearly the same in shape and markings as in P. stuUa. Upperside:
forewing shaded with vinaceous grey; the brown lines a little mare accentuated in
consequence of the grey colour of the interspaces ; aatemedian line less regular than
in sti/lta, the space between it and the stigma either much darkened {ti/pf), or of
nearly the same tint as the basal area ; at margin a conspicuous, regular, halfmoon-
shaded grey patch, expanding between apex and central angle of outer margin ; tip
of wing more pointed than in slidta. Hindwing: as in stidta, but brown outer
border anteriorly narrower.
Underside as in stulta; lines weak. Forewing with a feebly marked, narrow,
grey-brown outer border, and without oblique apical line, the border IJ to 2 mm.
wide below apex, its inner edge following the curve of the margin of the wing, but
the border fading away posteriorly. Abdominal fold of hindwing paler than rest of
wing, but not yellowish as in stulta.
Harpe triangular, tip obtuse, but not truncate. Feuis-sheath with two teeth
on the whip and two other near apical margin on side opposite the whip ; the whip
shorter than in P. stulta, being about half as long again as the diameter of the
penis-sbeath.
2 S6 from Cuyaba, Matto Grosso (received from Messrs. Standinger &
Bang-Haas).
4. Nephele xylina sp. nov.
? . Body above isabella-colour ; underside paler, the ventral side of the palpi
being almost white.
Upperside of forewing isabella-colour, with a small round white stigma ; at
nearly equal distances between base and stigma three blackish lines, curving costad,
the first line very indistinct; at onter side of stigma and close to it two more lines,
which are nearer together behind than in front and are excurved anteriorly and
incurved below middle ; outside subcostal fork a more prominent dentate line,
curving costad in front and approaching at hind margin the line preceding it ; a
submarginal line irregular, vestigial at apex and between veins R' and R', nearly
touching tlie discal line before M', ending at hind margin close to angle, where the
line is heaviest. — —Hindwing of nearly the same tint as forewing, becoming blackisli
brown at outer margin, without markings; fringe creamy butt', with small, ill-defined
fuscous dots.
Underside like upper, a little jialer, with a faint pink tone. — —Forewing slightly
shaded with fuscons from base to first discal line, excepting the costal margin ; a
creamy stigma indicated ; on disc two lines, the first near lower angle of cell, slightly
curved, the second a little beyond centre of disc, consisting of small halfmoons and
being excurved in front, incurved before M- ; a very faint line from apex to 11', the
marginal area outside this line being slightly paler than the disc. Hindwing also
(458 )
witli two lines corresponding to those on forewiiig, tlie second ending between the
tips (if veins 8M- :ind SMI
Length of furcwing : :!;i luni. ; lireadth : 14 mm.
One ? from " Abyssinia " (received from Messrs. Standinger & Bang-Haas).
r>. Xylophanes acrus sp. no v.
J?. Allied to A'. Kiiiiidix StoU (1T82). Upperside of head and thorax dark
bistre, a lateral stripe from tip of palpus to tip of tegnla creamy biiHf with a pinkish
tone, the stri|ie partly edged with a jialer line, another strijie of the same colour in
the centre from occiput to metanotum, not sharply separated from abdomen, the
njipcrside of the latter being only a little darker than this stripe and bearing two
widely separated rows of black dots ; on sides of first and secon<l abdominal segments
a large olivaceous black jiatcli. Underside bull-pink, ]ial()i bistre-colour.
Wings, u/i^rrside : {brewing with the apex strongly produced and pointed ; the
outer margin iiuiirved below a|)ex and then almost straight to hiinl angle in c? and
convex in ? ; as in (iinadiH, a heavy greenish black central line runs from apex to
hind margin, reaching the latter proximally to basal third ; on the proximal side the
line bordered with olivaceous creamy buif ; the whole costal area washed with olive-
green, the base of the costal margin remaining somewhat cream-bnif ; two dark
curved lines proximally to M- from costal margin across cell, not reaching hind
margin; a small black stigma and beyond it an ill-defined blackish clnuil ; parallel
with the central line and situated at the proximal side of it three thin lines, which
are more or less accentuated ujion the veins and curved costad at S(!'; along outer
side of central lino the wing so strongly shaded with dark greenish olive that the
line is not sharply defined on this side, except at tip of wing ; a row of hlackish
submarginal dots connected with each other by traces of a crenate line, the teeth of
which are represented by these vein-dots ; beyond the dots the wing be<'omes slightly
paler ; fringe uniformly dark greenish olive. Hiadwing black, a cream-bnf!,
slightly pinkish 1,'aud on disc, the black colour extending along veins M- and SM-
across the band and at W and M' as a tooth into the baud ; margin pale greenish
olive, separated from the discal band by a black band which extends along the veins
to edge of wing; fringe uniformly creamy buff with a pink tint, a dark dot only
at tip of veins M- and SSP.
riiili'i-iiide dirty creamy buff and ferruginous in rf, more evenly ferruginous in
? ; forewing from base to first discal line black, the cell, however, remaining pale
clayish ; both wings with two lines on disc, the first somewhat S-shaped, reaching
costal margin of forewing shortly outside subcostal fork, the second line accentuated
liy vein-dots.
Outer spur of midtibia a little shorter than inner sj)ur.
Length of forewing : S 49 mm. ; ? 55 mm.
One pair from Chiriqui, Panama (received from Messrs. Standinger &
Bang-Haas).
C. Xylophanes amadis amadis Stoll (1782).
X. n. a., R. & J., Revision nf Sphimjida- p. li!».'). n. G47. a {VMYi) (partim ; Surinam).
We liave now received a specimen (a ?) from French tfuiana (collected by
E. Lo Moult) which agrees better with StoH's figure than do the Venezuelan
specimens which are considered to be amadis amadis in our Rcrision. This is the
(459)
onl)' example we have seen from the Guiaiia-i. The centre of the thorax and base
of abdomen above are darker than in Venezuelan individuals ; tlie inner border of the
central line of the forewing is paler, being almost pure white near the base ; the band
of the hindwing is much sliaded with i'nscous.
The outer sjjur of the midtibia is shorter than the inner one.
7. Xylophanes amadis meridanus subsji nov.
.XijIii/ilKinejt (iiii'idit anuiilh, Rothschild & Jontan (iiec Stull, 1782), Reoisiim of Spldui/iilue, l.r. t. 9.
fig. 15 (190:!) (partim ; Merida).
cj?. The form figured I.e. may be named as above. The outer sjmr of tlie
midtibia is longer than, or as long as, the inner one.
A series from Mi'rida, Venezuela.
A NEW SPECIES OE THE DIPTEROUS GENUS ACHIAS
Fabr. (Family ORTALIDAE).
Bt EKNEST E. AUSTEN, F.Z.S.
(PiMislied 1)1/ permission of the Trustees of the llrilish Musenm.)
Achias rothschildi sp. nov. (Plate XV., figs. 5-0).
(??. c?. — Length (five specimens) 13-.") to 10 mm.; length of eye-stalk,
measured from base of stalk to inner margin of eye (five specimens) 8'5 to 250 mm. ;
width of head across occiput immediately below base of eye-stalks 4 to 5 mm. ;
length of wing 14 to 100 mm.
?. — Length (two specimens) 145 mm.; widtli of head across vertex, including
eyes, 7 to 70 mm. ; length of wing 10 to IC'5 mm.
Resembling Achias lotigicideiis Walk, and A. lafividens Walk, in coloration
and markings of body and wings ; distinguished from both by the femora being
without sharply marked dark tips (tliough the distal extremities of the front and
middle femora in the S and of the front femora in the ? nsnally exhibit a dark
longitudinal streak above), by the presence of a well-marked pale band (interrupted
on the upper side) on the tibiae, and by the great development of tiie callosity on
the inner side of the tijis of the hind tibiae.
Head. — Front orange-ochraceous,* more or less irregularly and finely mottled
with clove-brown ; face and jowls ochre-yellow or bnff-yellow, antennal cavities
dark brown or brownish, a clove-brown streak on each side, running from base of
eye-stalk in c? and from lower margin of eye in ? uearly to lower margin of jowl,
and a similar but usually somewhat broader mark extending from bottom of inner
margin of each antennal cavity to edge of buccal cavity ; occiput buflf-yellow above,
* For names and illustrations of colours, sec Kidgway, .-1 Xomrtwhtturi' of Colon for Xutitralijtts
(Boston : Little, Brown k Co., IHSIJ).
( 460 )
maize-vellow below, with a more or less distinct, clove-brown, transverse mark
between bases of e3e-stalks in S or eye-processes in ? ; palpi ocbraceons-bnfF,
clothed with dark brown or blackish hairs ; antennae, including arista and its
hairs, dark brown, extreme base of arista, first joint and bases of second and third
joints of antennae paler (bnff or ochraceoiis-biiff).
Thorax. — Dorsum dull metallic greenish bronze (sometimes with traces of a
purplish tinge anteriorly), obscured by a coat of dull yellowish olivaceous pollen,
and marked by a series of black longitudinal stripes as shown on Plate XV.,
figs. 5-9 ; pleurae and pectus buff or ochraeeous-buff, covered with greyish pollen,
pleurae obscurely mottled with dark brown ; dorsum clothed with very short and
fine appressed black hair, much closer on black stripes than elsewhere, postero-
lateral and posterior borders clothed with short ochre-yellow hair : viewed under
a platysropic lens the dorsum has a somewhat coarsely punctured aj)pearance ;
scntellum shining metallic dark bronze-green, with a velvety patch of exceedingly
minute, jiale yellow hairs on each side of base above.
Abdomen. — Dorsum shining metallic bronze-green (occasionally bronze-brown),
basal angles of first segment more or less ochraceous-buff ; surface of dorsum
clothed with closely set, appressed, shining, ochre-yellow hair ; basal angles with
longer ochre-yellow hair, fourth segment and hind border of third segment in ?
clothed with dark brown hair ; apex of fourtii segment in S for most part also
usually clothed with dark brown hair.
Wings hyaline, with a faint yellowish tinge, and with darker markings as
shown in figures 0-9 (PlateXV.) ; small transverse vein and base of third longitudinal
vein suffused with clove-brown, second longitudinal vein immediately above small
transverse vein and distal extremity of first longitudinal vein also suffused with
clove-brown ; second costal cell and marginal and submarginal cells on either side
of blotch above small transverse vein tinged with ochre-yellow ; apex of wing from
level of posterior transverse vein suffused with sepia-brown, which extends along
hind border, becoming fainter in third posterior cell, and in apex of wing itself
is usually darker on distal extremities of second, third, and fourth longitudinal
veins, and on posterior transverse vein. (In one specimen the brown colour on the
distal portion of the second longitudinal vein is so much intensified that this vein
has a continuous dark brown border from the blotch above the small transverse
vein to the costa, the border being broader from the level of the posterior transverse
vein onwards).
Halteres. — Knobs dark brown, stalks cream-buff, or buff.
Iiegs orange-buff ; femora marked as stated in diagnosis, front femora also
with an ochraceous patch on inner side at tij), below which they bear a double row
of stout black spines ; tarsi and tibiae clove-brown, tihiae marked in middle with
a conspicuous, interrupted, ochraceous band, as stated in diagnosis ; callosity on
inner side of tips of hind tibiae clove-brown ; tarsi clothed on under side with short,
closely set, shining orange ochraceous hair.
New Guinea: Type of cJ, three additional c?cJ, and one ? from Stephansort,
German New Guinea ; a second ? and a fiftii S from Milne Bay, British New
Guinea, February, 1899 (A. S. Meek).
Types, with three c? paratyj)es, in the Tring Museum.
The Hon. AN'alter liothschild, in whose honour 1 have much jileasure in naming
this striking species, has kindly 2)resented paratypes of both sexes to the British
Museum (Natural History).
C461 )
Plate XV.
1. Rhiphiorhi/nchus rothsckildi Austen, 8 (type).*
2. Pepsis elevata Fabr.*
3. „ heros Fabr.*
4. AIi/(/as praeffraiidis Ansteu, ? (type).*
5. Acliias i-othschildi sp. nov., ? .
'^* )J )J )J T) O •
'• )) )> )) )) ))
'^^ >I )) )> ») )>
"^^ )) )i I) i> )> VvP^/"
All figures are natural size.
Note. — The type (<?) and the other three males and female of Achlas
rothschildi from Stephansort were collected by the late Herr Wahnes.
The Rhaplilorhynchus and Mijdas were collected by Jose Steinbach in Bolivia.
The two Pepsis are figured because they are the " models " mimicked by the
Rlutphiorlii/nchi(« and the Mi/das respectively. A full knowledge of the life-history
of these two remarkable Diptera can alone determine whether this is a case of
" protective " or of " aggressive " mimicry.
The four males of the Achias are figured to illustrate the very great difference
in the development of the eye-stalks. Walter Rothschild.
• See Ernest E. Austen, " Two Kemarkable New Species o£ Diptera," Nov. Zool. Jlay 19011, vol. xvi.
pp. 129 131.
( 462 )
NEW FORMS OF THE ACllAEINE GENERA FLANEMA
AND ACTINOTE.
Bv K. JORDAN.
1. Planema adrasta pancalis subsp. nov.
S. Orange bands broader on both wings than in /'. a. adrasta Weyra. (1892),
that of forewing not interrnpted posteriorly as is the case in S of /'. a. adrasta.
One 6 from Katanga, Tanganyika.
2. Planema entails sp. nov.
S. Smaller than ]'. porjgei Dew. (1879) and 1'. px'^mlcunjta G. k S. (1890).
Outer margin of forewing more incurved, band nearly as in ps,'ii(l,'nrijta, more
extended distad at R^ exteriorly with three sharp incisions between R"' and SM- as
in pst'i/'Uun/ta, the band as broad at hindmargin as at costal margin ; on the inner
side similiirly ourved as in j>oi/i/ci.
Band of hindwing, on itpjtersidc, dnll white, being slightly shaded witli fuscous,
not with yellow, quite gradually fading away exteriorly, like the orange band of
pseuili'un/t'i, the outer margin of wing black. Rase of hindwing beneath as in
poq(jei ; median band white.
" One S from North Hailunda, Angola, Augnst 0, I'.lill (Max IVmberton).
3. Planema consanguinea sartina subsji. nov.
?. Band of forewing aho\:e of the same colour as in i of /'. c. consanguinea,
posteriorly more proximal in jiosition than in both sexes of that race; blackish
border of hindwing broader, and the disc paler.
On II i/r/ersif/e the basal area of hindwing chestnut, of a much deeper tone than
in P. c. consanguinea, the disc on the contrary paler.
Two ? ? from Bansu, Axim, May 1900 (Mr. Perry).
4. Planema epaea kivuana subsp. nov.
S . r/iprrsi</e : markings of forewing in size about the same as in /'. e. epaea,
but the obliipie baud i)ale creamy buff, and the patch before hindmargin pale buff
and externally not sharply defined. Hindwing : a bullish white antemedian band,
narrow, gradually fading away on distal side.
On underside these markings bullish white ; bii.sal area of hindwing lighter
yellow than in /'. e. epaea.
? . Markings jmre white above and below ; obliiiue band of forewing narrower
than in /'. c. epaea, the band of hindwing also narrower and on distal side more
sharply defined ; base of hindwing beneath paler yellow.
One pair from Kwidgwi Island in Lake Kivn, I.'ioii — 'juiiii ni., November I'.MiT
(I{. Grauer).
5. Planema tellus eumelis subsji. nov.
i ?. Sexes similar. Forewing broader than in /'. t. tellus; the oblique band
wider extending nearer to the margin ; patch before hindmargin smaller. Black
( 403 )
margin of liindwing much narrower than in P. t. tcllas. On both wings the light
orange areas palei- than in P. t. tellus, the underside of the hindwing less suffn-ie I
with fnscous distally.
A series from various jilaces in Tore (tyjie) and Uganda.
6. Planema qiiadricolor leptis snbsp. nov.
(^?. On nppemidi- band of forewing 'Z mm. broad at its widest point, i.e.
between R- and R^, vestigial between M^ and SM-, almost iutorrniitcd at the veins.
Band of hindwing white.
On underside the band of forewing a little broader than above.
A jiair from the Kiknyu Escarpment, above Nairobi, March I'jnl (W. Doherty) ;
and " Nairube."
~. Planema quadricolor itumbana snbsp. nov.
cj. On iipperside \)9.ntX of forewing broader than even in /'. »/. latifasciata
Sharpe (1892), measuiing 9 mm. along R^ being broader at this vein than the
black apical area is in front of vein R-. Band of hindwing white.
Two cJcJ from Itumba, German East Africa (Dr. Baxter).
8. Actinote erinome carabaia snbsp. nov.
S- Connects A. e. erinome Feld. (18G1) from the northern districts of Eastern
Peru and, according to Felder, from Ecuador, with the Bolivian ^1. e. testacea
G. & iS. (1868), some specimens ap])roaching testacea, others diflfering but very
little from erinome. Forewing always with distinct deep or.inge costal streak,
the cell also partly orange-red (type) or at least beneatli witb a trace of orange.
A series of c?c? from different places in Carabaya, Sonth-Easteru Peru (G. R.
Ockenden) ; type from between Rio Inambari and Limbaui, March 1904.
0. Actinote e. erinome ab. sciana ab. nov.
cj. A small specimen with tlie uppcrxidc entirely black, (be orange band of
normal erinome being represented on the right wing only by four dirty orange
scales and entirely absent from the left wing. On the underside the band is dull
orange and much reduced, especially its anterior half
One S from Pozuzu, Huauuco, Pern, 800 — 1800 ni. (W. HolTmanus), among a
series of normal erinome.
111. Actinote radiata intensa snbsp. nov.
6. Much dte[ier black than J. /■. nuliKtu Hew. (ISiiS), (Ik; macular band
narrower, the anterior spots especially being reduced in length. The band and
streaks more pinkish on underside.
A series of Si from Cnshi, Iluanuco, Peru, 1800— looil ni. (W. Hoffmanns).
11. Actinote cordiiba messeres snbsp. nov.
(?. Basal area and snbapical band of forewing a little drrpcr red than in the
A. c. eorduhii Hew. (1874) from Bolivia, the former more c.\teniled, while tlie band
is reduced, the si)ot M'— M- of the band represented by two streaks (type), or one
streak, or quite absent.
A series from Carabaya, South-East Pern ((}. 1!. Ockenden); type from between
La Oroya and Agualani, October 1904.
( 464 )
i2. Actinote alcyone salmonea subsji. nov.
c?. i'lipersitle with a slight liluo sheen, which is more ilistiuet on the fore- than
on the hindwing ; markings paler red than in the more southern races, being dull
salmon-colour.
A series of (J(? from the Huayabaraha River, S.E. of Chachapoyas, North
Peru, about llUO m. (0. T. Baron).
13. Actinote alcyone melina snbsp. nov.
S . Markings of forewing above buff-yellow, a little paler than in -1. a. tlieojihila
Dogn. (1888); basal area not (|uite so large as in .1. a. alcyone. Hew. (1852), the spot
before base of M' absent (type) or j)resent; subapical band narrow, curved, consist-
ing of four spots, of which the last is divided into two small ones.
On underside the hindwing and apex of forewing as in .1. a. thi'ophila, the black
band of forewing a little longer.
Two i S from the Rio Negro, ex coll. Felder.
14. Actinote alcyone varians snbsp. nov.
$. Ujiperside black, with a uniform blue gloss all over, but the gloss much less
shiny than in ^1. nclofs Latr. (1811); forewing with a diffuse, narrow, obliquely
transverse salmon-coloured patch before middle, or with such a jiatch of larger size,
or without any trace of it ; no subapical band.
Underside: forewing with the salmon-coloured patch larger than above, some-
times reaching from near base to near apex of cell, usually present before hind-
margin in specimens which have no trace of it on upperside ; a narrow subapical
band in nearly all specimens, also salmon-colour.
Abdomen red.
A series of c?(? from West Colombia : Rio Dagua (W. F. H. Rosenberg), El
Credo and Jimenez (Palmer), Cali (VV. F. H. Rosenberg) ; type from Cali.
15. Actinote euryleuca subsp. nov.
(J. Allied to A. li)/lonome Doubl. (1844). Much larger than the c? of that
species ; the white band of the forewing broader, the cross-veins situated within
the band.
Underside paler than in lii/lonomc, the hindwing and aj)ex of forewing
uniformly l)utf with black streaks ; hindwing not shaded with orange at base and
not fuscous or black in centre.
Alidomen orange beneath.
R' of hindwing from cell, not stalked with R- as is the case in hylonome.
Length of forewing : 27 mm.
Two i$ from Moyobamba, North Peru, spring 1887 (M. de Mathan).
10. Actinote ozomene catopasta suIjsjk nov.
$. On upperside the orange-rufous area on the whole more extended than
in Colombian specimens, A. o. ozomene (Jodart (Lsl'.)).
On underside the hindwing buff streaked with black ; outer area of both wings
more or less distinctly streaked with buff.
? . The orange-rufous colour more restricted than in A. o. ozomene. On
( 465 )
underside the creamy yellow patch a very little larger posteriorly, and the fuscous
cloud in the centre of the hindwing more distinct.
A series of both sexes from Western Ecuador: Chimbo, lOoO ft. (W. F. H.
Rosenberg), and Jaruma.
IT. Actinote stratonice meridana subsp. nov.
(J. Orange area of iijjper.iide reaching clo.se to base, extending also below M-
farther basad than tlie point of origin of this vein, but usually interrnpted at this
point by a black spot ; the light area reaching base on underside, being reddish
orange at base in and below cell ; proximal half of hindwing streaked with reddish
orange, distal half almost without streaks.
?. Median patch of forewing above creamy buff, shaded with dark ferrnginous
proximally, the streak situated below M- interrupted by an oblique brownish black
bar which is constricted in centre and does not extend forward across M'.
Four i S and two ? ? from Venezuela: Merida.
IS. Actinote stratonice marthae subsp. nov.
(?. Like the preceding, but there is a broad oblique black bar from cell or
M^ to hindmargin. Underside of hindwing almost evenly streaked with reddish
orange.
?. The broad black oblicpie bar which invades the light-coloured area of the
forewing extends from hindmurgin across M- to cell.
Two 6S and four ? ? from Onaca, Sta. Marta, 22U0 ft., September— October
1901 (Charles Engelke).
19. Actinote adoxa sp. nov.
<?. Similar to ,1. stratonice acipha Hew. (1801). Outer margin of forewing
more rounded ; upperside with a feebler blue sheen ; the light-coloured patch
salmon-colour, extending close to base and being posteriorly bordered by the
submedian vein SM-, its distal edge somewhat diffuse, costal edge quite black also
in front of black discocellular spot, which is joined to the black edge; the spots
of the salmon patch situated outside the black discocellular spot small, diffuse.
On underside the salmon patch larger than above, the black disc>)celliil ir
spot situated within the patch. Hindwing streaked with salmon, the stre.iks ia
and before coll broader than the black streaks which separate them from each other.
One 6 from Bogota (Mr. Child).
21 ». Actinote callianthe alia snbsp. nov.
(J. The salmon ])atch on iipperside of forewing reduced to a baud, of which
the oblique inner border crosses cell at point of origin of M-, the black basal area
having the same strong blue gloss as the hindwing. On underside the patch
nearly reaches the base, but is proximally shaded with, and invaded by, black, and
is also of a deeper red tint than iu .1. c. callianthe Feld. (11SG2).
One cJ from Merida (Briceuo).
21. Actinote callianthe rufa subsp. nov.
S. The blue sheen of the upperside less glossy than in ^1. c. callianthe Feld.
(1802), no distinct blue sheen at outside of patch of forewing ; this jiatch rufous red,
3i»
( 4fiG )
being iiuich deeper in tone than in calliaiitke and of a different shape ; the two
spots M' — SM- of the patch extend much nearer to the onter margin, wliere they
are more or less acuminate, the posterior spot beiug also narrower proximally than
in A. c. caUianthe, tlie bhick discocellnhir spot less prominent on account of the
rufous spots beyond it being very obscure.
On underside the hindwing less distinctly striped in onter half tlian in
caUianthe.
One S fromZamora River, Ecuador, ISOO m., May 1899 (Simons).
22. Actinote dice napensis subsp. uov.
(?. Like A. d. losaria "Weym. (1ST9), but the discal band only I mm. broad on
the npperside and consisting here of four spots, on underside 2i mm. broad and ^
consisting of six spots.
Differs from ^1. dice olyae Rebel (1901) iu the upperside having a feebler blue
sheen and in the salmon patch and band being paler.
One (? from Baeza on the Rio Napo, East Ecuador, March 1891 (W-
Goodfellow).
23. Actinote anaxo comta subsj). nov.
(?. Band of forewing orange-red, broader than in A. a. anaxo Hopff. (1874)
from Chanchamayo, spot M' — M- being 6i mm. long in its centre. On tnideraide
the entire hindwing and the apex of forewing pale huffish cream-colour with
black streaks.
Two c?c? from Oallango, Province Cuzco, 1500 m. (0. Garlepp).
24. Actinote jucunda sp. nov.
c?. Similar to A. callianira Geyer (18:57). Cell of forewing longer. Pronotum
with orange spot at each side. Markings of forewing chrome-orange, lighter than
in A. callianira; the discal band interrupted by the black veins, the two last spots
much shorter than the preceding ones, being much reduced from the proximal side.
Hindwing without the greyish blue sheen of A. callianira from Peru.
On underside the costal edge at base orange like basal patch and discal band;
hindwing streaked with orange-rufous, part of tlie cell and a snbmarginal shadow
more or less distinctly huffish cream-colour.
9. Basal ])atch of forewing vestigial; discal macular band paler than in S,
much suffused with black.
On underside the basal patch and discal band of forewing dull orange ;
hindwing and iipex of forewing pale huffish cream-colour, thinly streaked with
brownish black.
Four S tS and one ? rom Bolivia; type from Rio Tanampaya (Garlepp).
25. Actinote callianira euris subsp. uov.
S- Markings of forewing, above, scarlet, interspace between them broader than
the discal band.
On underside these markings but little paler than above, discal band
occasionally with a yellow tint at its outer edge. Hindwing pale huffish grey,
streaked with blackish brown, an ill-defined band from apex of cell to costal
( 467 )
margin more or less cliestnul-, a marginal band of abont 2 mm. width the samd
colonr or blackisli.
?. Much larger than cj, slightly paler, otherwise similar.
A long series of cJ c? and five ? ? from various jilaces in Southern Peru :
Caraba}'a, Cnzco, Marcapata ; type from between La Oroya to Agualani, October
1904 (G. R. Ockenden).
2(). Actinote callianira stenia subsp. nov.
S ■ Like the preceding ; the basal patch of forewing more extended and therefore
the black interspace between it and the discal band narrower, being narrower than the
discal band itself, excepting specimens in which this band is only about 3J mm.
broad at its widest point ; the discal band narrower from R-' to costal edge than
in the preceding form. Hindwing brighter glossy blue, less greyish blue.
On underside the discal band of forewing more often edged with yellow distally
than in euris. Hindwing much darker, the buffish grey streaks much reduced in
purity of colonr and width, being prominent only in and before cell.
¥. Basal patch of forewing extending to outer angle ; black interspace between
it and discal band narrower than in euris. Hindwing beneath less pure
huffish grey.
A series of c? c? and two ? ? from Chanchamayo and Huancabamba, Eastern
Peru, north of the districts where euris occurs, and south of those in'whicluY«//(V(;H>a
is found.
27. Actinote hilaris sp. nov.
cJ. Allied to -1. cullianirn Geyer (1S37), whicli it resembles closely on
upperside. Spot M' — M" of discal band of forewing very small or absent ; the
blue sheen on hindwing much feebler and present all over the wing.
On underside the discal band of forewing edged with white on distal side.
Hindwing white from base to beyond apex of cell, the outer edge of this white area
running from costal margin, abont 5 mm. from apex, to anal angle, being slightlv
excurved at R- and incurved below centre; parallel with this edge is a thin black
line, which runs from costal margin across apex of cell, disappearing before
reaching abdominal margin ; this line is anteriorly the outer border of a triangular
patch or band, which tapers behind, and varies in extent and colour, being either
fuscous or orange ; marginal area dark brown, the edge of wing (not the fringe)
spotted with orange ; the usual stripes on and between the veins well maiked in the
white area.
?. Similar to 6 ; ground-colour paler, orange-red marking duller.
On underside the white colonr replaced by buff on forewing and huffish grey
on hindwing, and much reduced : the black line on hindwing less prominent.
In both sexes the lower angle of cell in fore- and hindwing more produced
than in A. callianira.
Five <S S and one ? from Chanchamayo district and Huancabamba, Peru;
type from Rio Toro.
The underside of the hindwing recalls that of ^1. eresina Hopff. (1874).
28. Actinote nicylla sobrina snbsp. nov.
c?. Paler orange than .1. «. nici/lla Hoptt'. (1874), especially on the underside,
where the discal baud has a distinct yellow tone.
(4G8 )
Oil upperside the basal area extends at hindmargin close to angle ; spot
M' — M- of discal baud larg'er than in .1. n. iiici/lUt ; black border of liindwiiig
broader, being at R' about twice as broad as its distance from the cell.
On underside the cell of forewing bears an orange dot in apex (which, in other
specimens, may be joined to the basal area) ; hindwing with distinct grey streaks
on disc, the orange-tawny streaks not suppressed by fuscons at margin.
One <i from Rio Hnayabamba, S.E. of C'hachapoyas, North Pern (O. T.
Baron).
Connects ^1. n. nlcylla with the next race.
29. Actinote nicylla scotosis subsp. nov.
(?. Orange markings as in the preceding form, but discal band beneath less
yellowish, on npperside (as well as underside) usually fullowed liy a small spot
below M'- ; in apex of cell of forewing an orange spot in nearly all specimens, cither
on both sides or only beneath, the spot being isolated or joined to the basal area ;
black interspace between the basal area and discal band as a rule narrower than in
A. n. nieyUij. Black border to hindwing much broader than in .1. n. nici/Ua, also
along abdominal margin.
On underside the marginal area of the hindwing, sometimes almost the whole
wing, so much suffused with black that the streaks are nearly suppressed.
?. Similar to orange ? ? of A. n. nici/Ua; the basal area of forewing much
purer in colour, more sharply defined; discal band yellowisli orange above and
beneath, its last spot (between M' and M-) larger than in nicijlla ; border of
hindwing broader.
A series of c? cJ and one ? from Zamora, Ecuador (0. T. Baron).
30. Actinote leontine hypsipetes subsp. nov.
i. On upperside the tawny orange area smaller than in ^1. /. leontine Weym.
(1870), not enclosing a black cell-spot ; discal band huffish chrome-yellow. Black
border of hindwing about as broad in centre as its distance from cell, extending
around anal angle, abdominal margin and base more fuscous than in leontine ; black
internervular streaks heavy.
On underside the hindwing and apes of forewing cream-buif as in leontine,
streaked with black; cell of forewing with an orange or butf dot at a]iex ; arouiul
apex of cell of hindwing a brown shadowy band.
Five cJc? from near Cajamarca, North Peru, lu,0(ii) ft.. May 13 (0. T. Baron).
31. Actinote leontine catochaera subsp. nov.
cJ. A small form. Basal area of forewing, above, as in leontine, but deeper in
tone, enclosing a black cell-spot which is joined to the black costal margin ; discal
band only a little paler than the basal area. Hindwing as in //i/psipetes, but the
black border narrower than its distance from cell.
On underside the apex of forewing hardly at all streaked, being nearly black,
the yellow discal band therefore sharply defined also distally. Hindwing
yellowish or grey, with a narrow black distal border, about 2 mm. wide anteriorly,
and a rather sharply defined, prominent, brown band around apex of cell from costal
margin to M- or beyond.
Two <?(? from San Pablo, North Peru, 2U0U m.
( 469 )
32. Actinote leontine mesia subsp. nov.
cJ. Similar to .1. 1, leontine ; as in that form tlie black border of hiiidwiug very
strongly tapering posteriorly, being restricted to the extreme edge of the wing;
proximal area of forewing reaching close to outer margin at SJP.
On underside the apex of forewing is brown-black with the streaks very
feebly marked, the yellow discal band therefore sharply defined, as in catochaera ;
onter half of hindwing blackish brown, with or without a band of creamy buff
streaks midway between cell and outer margin.
Three iS from Cuenca, Ecuador, 2(M.H» m., May 1899 (Simons).
33. Actinote momina sp. nov.
(?. Resembles A. nici/lla Hopff. (1874), which occurs in tiie same district.
Palpi without light-coloured scaling at sides. On npperside the basal area of
forewing extended to liiudmargiu, the streak situated below SM" being well
developed, while it is very thin or absent in A. n. niojlla \ the veins traversing the
discal band distinctly black, the band therefore more broken up, spot R' of band
often with pale centre. Black border and streaks of hindwing broader than in
A. nii'i/llit, the former less sharply defined, the abdominal area shaded with
black. '
On underside the discal band of forewing stops at fold between M' and M- ;
apical area streaked with orange-tawny, at hind angle within the black band a thin
admarginal line of the same colour, usnally joining the orange proximal area, which
is more or less proditced distad at SM".
?. Palpi with pale scales at sides. -Forewing shorter than in ? ot
A. niciflln ; markings as in <S , but less jiure in colour, basal area much shaded
with black. -Hindwing pale buff, shading off into orange-tawny from apex of
cell, black border broader than in ? of .1. nici/lla nici/Ua, not sharply defined,
the black streaks broad.
On the underside the whole hindwing (excepting a feeble brown shadow
around apex of cell) and the apex and costal margin of forewing buff-grey streaked
with black-brown.
In both sexes the lower angle of cell in fore- and hindwing more produced
than in .1. niei/lla ; the distance from the point where the setiferous cell-fold of the
hindwing joins the cross-veins to the origin of M= being about the same as the
distance from the former ])oint to the lower angle of cell, while in .1. nic;/lla
the former distance is much the larger.
A series of cJcJ and one ¥ from Peru : Iluancabamba (near Cerro de Pasco);
Oallanga, Cuzco; Rio Toro, Chanchamayo district. Type from Rio Toro.
( 470 )
NEW SATUBNIIBAE.
Bv K. JORDAN.
1. Antheraea castanea sp. ikiv.
Similar to -1. assamensis Helf. (1837). Vppergitle of body and winjjs chestnnt,
being of a much deejicr colour than in .1. assameiisis. Forewing more jiointed and
its distal margin more deeply iucnrved ; the subraarginal line anteriorly nearer the
edge and posteriorly farther away from it than in assamensis, the marginal area more
extensively dusted with white; the veins blackish except beyond subraarginal lines ;
tiie jiroximal fourth of the ocellus black. The inner discal line continued
anteriorly around the ocellus and joining the antemediau line, in ? the white less
prominent than iu ? of ass'imensis.
Underside also much darker than in assamensis, the white scaling therefore
more conspicuous ; both wings with a row of white snbmargiual cresceats.
Genitalia likewise different.
Four SS and three ? ? from the Khasia Hills, Assam.
2. Salassa mesosa sp. nov.
cJ?. In size intermediate lietweeu S. tola and inegastica; iu structure and
facies nearest to the latter. Mesonotum without the white transverse band of
iS'. mi'qasticn. Antenna a little darker. On the wings the bright ferruginous colour
more restricted, the vitreous discocellular spots much smaller ; the antemedian
line white as in <S'. megastica, but not quite so oblique posteriorly. On hiudwing
the orange ring of the ocellus not extended beyond the black discal line, the white
border of this line of nearly even width throughout, being anteriorly hanlly wider
than posteriorly; the black subraarginal line not bordered with white. On the
underside the white line of the forewing is not distinct at the costal edge ; that of
the hindwing crosses C bcA'ond the centre of this vein.
<S. Antenna as iu .S'. megastica, but with only 44 to 46 segments. Vitreous
spot of forewing uot larger than in .S'. ^o/a, reversed comma-shaped, with three sharp
angles. Vitreous spot of hindwing about the same in size and shape as on fore-
wing, surrounded with black as in S. megastica, the black colour occupying much
more sjiace than the vitreons spot, incurved distally, the white Hue kidney-shaped.
Genitalia : apical process of anal tergite longer and less curved thau iu
S. megastica ; the two lobes of the clasper a little farther apart.
?. Kather more uniformly brown than the ? of 5. megastica; the ferruginous
discal band of the forewing narrower, prominent on the dark ground. Vitreous
spot of forewing triangular, its costal angle produced and curved distad, the
posterior side of the triangle (iu front of It ') 5 — 8 mm. long. Vitreous spot of
hindwing smaller than the one ou forewing, about the same size and shape as in
r? »S. megastica, reversed comraa-shai)e ; the black ring much as iu J,occni)yiug
more space than the vitreous spot, little or hardly at all incurved ou the distal
side, the white ring more prominent than in S. megastica.
Several i 6 and ? ? from the Khasia Hills, Assam,
( 471 )
3. Salassa iris sji. nov.
A large species. Bright ring of ocellus of biudwing at least partly yellow.
The sexes differing as in S. t/tt\y)is Leech (1890).
(J. Ferrngiiions, a little paler than in c? of S. loin. Antenna with 44 — 40
segments ; the branches as in S. lola with few strong bristles, the apical branches
of each segment being much longer than in S. mcgastica, t/ieajjis, and mesosa.
Forewing longer and narrower than in the other species, the ajies much more
produced, the distal margin concave from apex to M- ; costal margin straight to
distal line, then very strongly arched and before the apex distinctly incurved ;
antemedian line placed as in S. lola, less curved costally, more curved posteriorly;
vitreous spot reversed comma-shaped or Inniform, narrower posteriorly than in
S. met/ast/ra ; discal line more curved costally than in .S'. lohi, a yellowish patch be-
tween greyish white apical patch and ferruginous discal band. Hind wing pervaded
with yellowish in apical area ; ocellus nearly as in S. megastica, the vitreous spot
variable in size, the black ring broader on proximal side and less incurved distally
than in 6'. meifastica, the orange a little lighter in tint, bordered with yellow
anteriorly and extending to the black discal line but not beyond it, the grey space
in front of and proximally to the eye as in -S'. meyastica, darker than in <S'. lola, and
posteriorly not extending beyond hind border of cell, not reaching around the ocellus ;
white border of black discal line anteriorly more distinct than farther back, between
it and submarginal line a broad diffuse blackish brown line as in S. meijasfica, the
submarginal line anteriorly without white border.
On underside the discal line of forewing more curved in S-shape than in the
allied species, the brown submarginal line as much zigzag as in S. megastica, but
narrower and placeil nearer the margin ; the area between this line and the discal
one much more yellowish ; the discal line of hindwing placed as in S. megastica, but
its white border, as is also the case on forewing, less prominent ; very little white
scaling along the submarginal lines on both wings.
?. Upperside of body and wings cinnamon-drab, the wings shaded with
ochraceous tawny or ochraceous. Antemedian band of forewing broadly bordered
with white, angulate much below cell, not on median vein, reaching costa just
proximally to tlie point where the first subcostal branches off from cell ; vitreous
spot nearly circular, but eraarginate distally, diameter 5 — 6 mm. ; discal line in
S-shape, with eight large vitreous dots. Hindwing with a similar line, bearing
six or seven such spots ; black and vitreous portions of eye-spot larger than in (?,the
vitreous sjxjt tear-shaped, with the narrow anterior portion curving distad, the
posterior portion almost touching the wintering; the black ring broader anteriorly
on the basal side of the vitreous spot than in S. megastica, slightly incurved dis-
tally; the ring following pale yellow, slightly orange internally along the black ; its
distal portion shaded with black, about the same in width as the basal portion, and
touching the discal line.
On underside drab or cinnamomeous drab, paler than in ? of .S'. lola, the
discal line of both wings placed as in c?, that on hindwing crossing C proximally
to centre ; on both wings a narrow shade along inner side of discal line, the snb-
ujarginal zigzng line and the distal border (the latter two more or less confluent)
dark brown. Antenna with 44 or 4."j segments.
Several 6 6 and two ? S from Sikkjm.
( 472 )
4. Lobobunaea callista si>. nov.
(J. Pronotiiiu anil daspers ochreous, meso- and metanotum and base of
abdiinie'i deep ferrngiiious, shading off into tlie oeliraceoiis tawny colonr of (lie
rest of the abdomen. Breast ochreons, underside of abdomen chocolate-brown
Wings, upperside bright orange-rufous. Apex of forewing obtuse, rounded,
outer margin slightly convex between apex and II- ; costal margin ochre-yellow,
this colour entering the cell a very little and extending a little below vein SC'
on disc, while it is limited by that vein near outer margin, where a large putch
of yellow-ochre is enclosed in the marginal band ; this band blackish drab with
a faint pnrple tint, nearly even in width, measuring 14 — IS mm. in width, incised
at the veins on discal side, the lobes thus formed rounded ; at the proximal side
of this border a row of lunules of the same colour, and about half-way to cell another
line of lunules, of which the costal one is the heaviest, the two lines anteriorly
diverging, posteriorly nearly parallel. Hindwing with a marginal border similar
to that of forewing, more sharply defined, broader behind than anteriorly, at its
proximal side a feeble lunate line ; ocellus black with jiale centre as in the allied
upecics; costal margin of wing less rounded tlian in the other species of //oioi/^z/'/fa,
abdominal margin shorter, anal angle more rounded, ajiical angle more distinct;
fringe of both wings ochreous shaded with fuscous.
IJiideniide ochreous buff; the markiugs walnut-brown ; on both wings the
discal line zigzag, touching the discocellular jiatch, which is both proximally and
distally rounded ; the outer third of the wings occupied by a walnut border,
which measures 23 mm. in width at the widest points on both wings, the inner
edge of this border almost regularly lobate between the veins, the edge cor-
resjionding to the second line of the allied species, being deeper in tone than the
greater part of the border, especially on the hindwing; on forewing lobes 2, fa, and 7,
and on hindwing 4, 8, and 9 project less towards disc than the others ; a very large
portion of the border is toned down to deep fawn, this colonr extending close
to edge of wing, the proximal parts of the border remaining walnut-colour,
especially costally ; at apex of forewing a triangular marginal, partly ochreous
buil' patch bordered behind by vein SC'* ; at apex of hindwing the fringe ochreons
and the edge of wing not walnut-brown as it is from R' backwards.
Length of forewing : 80 mm.
One 6 from Ocilonda, Bihe, Angola, October — November I'.HiT (E. Sanders).
0. Bunaea caffraria nubica subsp. nov.
c?. Head and thorax above and beneath, as well as base of wings above, a little
deeper than in the West African alc/noe. Apex of forewing much less produced
than in the other forms of caffraria ; vitreons spot nearly 3 mm. distant from the
thin discal line at 11^, distinctly edged with orange on the proximal and distal sides,
less on the hind side. Iris of ocellus of hindwing orjiiment-orange, deeper in tone
than in caffraria and alciiioi- ; the white ring of the ocellus not quite completely
separate from the discal line and proximally connected with the antemedian
line ; the area between the antemedian and discal lines with a little vinaceous on
vein SM-.
On underside the basal area of forewing deeper vinaceous red than in alcinoe.
Hindwing greyish white from base to a little beyond poiiit of origin c'f SG-, outer
(473)
edge of this area sharply defined and ijliito straif^ht, crossing cell iiroximally to M' ;
fuscons discal line strongly incurved before ahdominal margin.
Anal tergite with a prominent tni)ercle dorsally at base.
One (? from Singa, Blue Nile, July 29, 1909 (Captain S. S. Flower).
li. Imbrasia cleoris sp. nov.
<?. Head blackish chestnut; thorax above olivaceons chestnut; metanotum,
base of abdomen, and underside of thorax vinous red ; rest of upperside of abdomen
vinaceous tawny olive ; underside of abdomen dark chestnut ; tibiae and tarsi
olivaceons black.
Wings, upperside, moss-brown, with a vinaceous tone; two rather thick black
lines cross both wings, an antemedian one from costal margin proximally to origin
of SC, almost straight across the wing, angulate at SC and in the inverse direction
again angulate at M-' ; on outer side this line bordered with pinkish white in
anterior half, this border disajipearing behind ; a nearly straight discal line 6 mm.
from ocellus and 12 mm. from outer margin before IP, narrowly edged with pinkish
white at discal side, this border widening at costal margin, no dark or light-
coloured line on inner side of this white one ; veins black on disc and beyond
discal line ; fringe blackish brown ; ocellus very small, ovate, transverse, consisting
of a vitreous centre, a yellow ring, and an ill-defined blackish ring; apex of wing
less produced than in I. anthina Karsch (1893) ; no distinct snbmarginal patch.
Hindwiug vinous red from base to discal line, slightly washed with tawny in
abdominal area; marginal area a little paler, more olive-tawny, than on forewing ;
antemedian line straight, oblique, angulate before abdominal margin ; discal line
nearly parallel to margin, 12 mm. from margin at R' and 7 mm. at SM-, rounded
excurved behind R' and very feebly incurved before abdominal margin ; the whitish
borders of the two lines not j)rominent ; ocellus small, consisting of a vitreous dot,
a cadmium-yellow iris, a black ring, and a reddish white ring ; outer margin nearly
evenly rounded, not elbowed ; fringe blackish brown.
Underside vinaceous chocolate shaded over with pinkish grey ; a band of the
dark ground-colour runs across both wings, being placed on forewing just outside
the ocellus and on hindwing enclosing the ocellus, on forewing gradually widening
anteriorly and on both wings posteriorly almost touching the black discal line ;
this line is slightly curved a]>icad on forewing and is straight on hindwing, its
distance from margin is on forewing 9 mm. at SC'' and 10 mm. at M-, on hindwing
8 mm. at SC- and at SM- ; outside this line a band of the ground-colour and
another band of the same colour along margin, the two bands separated by a pinkish
grey band which is indented on distal side at the veins ; ocellus small on both
wings, consisting of a vitreous dot edged with yellow, transverse on forewing, round
on hindwing; basal area of forewing vinous red, esj)ecially below cell.
Length of forewing : 58 mm.
One i from the foothills of Bit. Mikeno, north of Lake Kivu, 1900—2400 m.,
October 1907 (R. Grauer).
Allied to I. anthina Karsch (1893) ; easily recognized by the outer margin of
the hindwing being almost evenly rounded, the absence of grey submarginal patches
from the upperside of the wings, and on the underside by the deep chocolate band
which runs on the forewing on the outer side of the ocellus and on the hindwing
across the ocellus.
( 474 )
Also near /. gueinzii ni/ass<nm Huthscb. (lOiiT), which is a ranch paler insect
with narrower forewing and a snbmarginal band of grey patches on the upperside
of it.
7. Opodiphtera fervida sp. nov.
cf. Yellowish orange, of a raucli brighter tint than the ? of 0. astrophela
Walk. (1855). Branches of antenna longer.
V ppcrMde : forewing broader, the veins pnrplish brown between discal line
and cell and a little beyond discal line ; this latter with a more prominent whitish
border; proximal half of outer ring of ocellus reddish, thicker than outer half
Hindwing with a straight purple-brown line i)ro.Nimal]y to ocellus ; discal line
heavier than in astroplu'la ; ocellus round, its diameter eipialling the distance
of the ocellus from the discal line, outer ring thicker than in astrophela.
Ground-colour of underside a little paler than above, much shaded with pink-
grey ; ocellus on both wings conspicuous, round, vinous red or pinkish ochrateous,
with the white ring comjilete.
Genitalia difierent from those of 0. astrophela.
?. Vinaceous tawny above, the hindwing especially being much suffused with
vinous red, iris of ocelli dull orange, otherwise the wmgs as in i.
Underside almost uniformly vinous red, strongly recalling 0. lorunthi Lucas
(1892) ; the proximal half of the outer ring of the ocellus as in 6 vinous red, outer
half black, iris pinkish ochraceous.
Larva black; head, first segment, and all the tubercles red; a green stripe
below spiracles, the other fonr green stripes found in 0. astrophela not present.
Two SS and one ? from Kuranda, near Cairns, North Queensland (F. P.
Dodd) ; also a dozen larvae obtained from the same very able collector.
8. Automeris falco sp. nov.
S- Closely resembles .1. liberia Cram. (1780) = megalops Walk, (1865).
The black belts on upperside of abdomen broader. Forewing produced into a
hook which is mnch longer thau in A. liberia; discocellular patch outlined by
four very conspicuous black dots, three at outer side and one at lower inner
corner; discal line nearer the margin, edged on inner side by a prominent
yellowish buff line. Hindwing as in ^4. liberia, but the dayish marginal band
a little narrower at anal angle than in that species.
Underside slightly jialer than in .1. liberia ; the ocellus transverse, narrower
than in A. liberia, twice as long as broad, its white central dot exceedingly
small ; discal line more oblique, owing to the apex of the wing being so
strongly produced.
Tenth abdominal tergite club-shaped.
Two S3 from La Union, Rio Hnacamayo, Carabaya, Sonth-East Peru,
2000 ft., December 1904 (G. R. Ockenden).
9. Atxtomeris moerens sp. nov.
S. Allied to A.am'tuda Sdiaus (190U), Abdomen witli black bands above,
ocellus of hindwing witliout yellow ring.
Upperside of head and thorax blackish mummy-brown, abdomen reddish
tawny, the bases of the segments olive-black. Underside entirely deep sepia.
( 475 )
Wings, ahote. Forewiug blackish olive, mnch v<ariegated and shaded with
white (in fresh specimens), antemedian line indistinct, broken np into spots,
discal line also more or less interrupted at the veins, accompanied by white
Innules, slightly S-shaped, at right angles to costal margin, which it reaches
about 111 mm. from tip, while it crosses M- abont 13 mm. from margin; from
inner side of this line, at H', emanates a narrow band of the ground-colour
which reaches costa about 0 mm. from discal line and proximally forms an
acute angle with the costal margin ; a row of white submarginal spots, spots
o and 0 (placed between 11^ and M-') nearer the margin than spots 3, 4,
and 7 ; at base a white dot. Hiudwiug blackish olive, a small basal patch
olivaceous tawny ; ocellus as in A. anuinda, black centre smaller, iris the same
colour as the disc of wing ; black ring not edged with yellow or tawny ; between
ocellus and margin two olive-black, slightly Innulate lines, separated from one
another by some grey scaling, second line much widened at anal angle, externally
bordered by white.
Underside dark sepia-colour ; discal and submarginal lines more or less
bordered with olive-grey, especially on the forewing ; ouellas inconspicuous,
transverse ; white stigma of hindwing very conspicuous.
Tenth abdominal tergite long, without the dorsal club-shaped process which
is present in ^1. amanda Schaus (1900), proximus Conte (19iJ6), and abdoininalis
Feld. (1874).
Length of forewing : 41 — 46 mm.
Three SS from La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, Sonth-East Pern,
2000 ft., December 1004 (G. R. Ockenden).
111. Automeris grammodes sp. nov.
i. Head and thorax above ochraceons, abdomen lighter, bases of the
segments darker ; underside huffish ochre.
Vpperside : forewing narrow, ochraceous, very slightly irrorated with fnscous,
discocelhilar patch with a conspicuous white central dot ; a black line from apex
of wing, which is acute but not j)niduced, to two-fifths of hind margin, practically
straight, of even width, bordered on inner side by a conspicuous yellow line ; no
submarginal line. Hindwing entirely orange-ochraceons ; a black discal line
half-way between ocellus and margin, parallel to the latter, but more strongly
curving basad at abdominal margin ; no submarginal line, but edge of wing
and base of fringes pinkish ; ocellus black with a white central dot, diameter
about the same as the distance from discal line.
Underside maize-yellow, costal area of both wings washed with pinkish ochra-
ceons ; black discal line of forewing fading away towards hind margin ; ocellus very
small (diameter abont \\ mm,), with white central dot. Hindwing with a rather
ill-defined brown, straight line from near tip of costal vein to three-fifths of abdominal
margin.
?. Larger than cJ, similar; brown belts of abdomen very distinct ; the white
dot on both wings larger, being very prominent; diameter of the somewhat angulose
ocellus of hindwing more than twice the length of the distance from discal line ;
the latter bordered on outside by a faint pinkish ochraceous line.
On underside the ocellus of forewing larger than in 3 , irregular, with large
white dot ; hindwing as in iS without white dot, more irrorated with black than
in the other sex.
(476 )
Length of forowiiig : S 28 ram. ; ? 38 mm.
Breadth of I'oiewiiig : cJ l-J mm. ; ? 20 mm.
One c? and two ? ? from Santo Domingo, Uarabaya, Soath-East Peru, about
6000 ft., May and December 1902, January 100;J (G. (i. Oe.kenden). A smaller S
(length of forewing 2^ mm.) from the Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3100 ft., June
1904 (G. R. Ockenden).
II. Hyperchiria aniris sp. imv.
c?. Similar to//. naKsica Cram. (1770); lines of forewing much less oblique,
being about parallel to outer margin, first line reaching costal margin proximally to
discocellular spot, second line yellowish, third incurved, its distance from second at
R' only one-third the distance between second and first. Ocellus of hindwing
quite black with a minute white dot ; costal margin evenly conve-x, not lobate.
Three 6S from Potaro, British Guiana, May 1908 (S. M. Klages).
12. Eacles adoxa sp. nov.
cJ. Near 7i. emi iieiui Dogn. (IbOl), smaller. Forewing pointed, outer margin
slio-htlv and evenly concave, hind angle less rounded than in eminens ; marginal
area entirely dark tawny except for a small bar-like spot situated before hind angle,
the "rev shading in this area more extended than in em>/w/is. Hindwing more
ovate than in all the other species of Eacles, the distal margin being very strongly
convex below centre ; as in eminens a slightly excurved line on outer side of disco-
cellular spot ; the whole area from this line to margin, i.e. more than half the surface
of the wing, dark tawny, with a broken up yellow patch in its posterior half away
from the line, there being also a narrow yellow border to the outside of the line
posteriorly ; fringe of both wings spotted with white.
Undei-Mfle buff-yellow, both wings speckled with blackish brown, except before
hind margin ; the greater part of the forewing, especially the onter margin and the
area from the centre of the onter margin towards the subapical portion of the costal
martrin, much shaded with tawny brown ; the same is the case on the hindwing from
costal margin to cell, and particularly in a triangular apical area of which the inner
edge extends from the discal line at R' to the tip of M' ; the onter edge and fringe of
both wings deeper brown, the latter spotted with white as above ; line very distinct
on both wings, not interrupted and not dentate, very broad on hindwing.
M- of hindwing originates at a greater distance from base than SC-. The
hindwing recalls in shape that of certain Lasiocampids, e.g. G. (jiierrifolia.
Length of forewing : 42 mm.
One i from Potaro, British Guiana, May 1908 (S. M. Klages).
(477 )
MISCELLANEA ORNITHOLOGICA :
CRITICAL, NOMENCLATOHIAL, AND OTHER NOTES, MOSTLY ON
PALAEARCTIC BIRDS AND THEIR ALLIES.
By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.
Pat!T VL*
(Plate VII.)
The Genus SAXICOLA.
ONE of the most iaterestiug genera of Oscines is the genus Saxicola. With
regard to the limits of tlie latter I maj' only say that 1, on the whole, fully
agree with Seebohm, who very wisely limited it in Vol. V. of the Catalocfue of
Birds. It is quite impossible to separate the so-called " Dromolaea,^' as both in
structure and biology that supposed genus does not stand well circumscribed, but is
connected with so-called true Saxieola by intermediate forms.
A very peculiar character, like a landmark or label, is the white— or in a few
cases bright rufous — rump, which is peculiar to all palaearctic species. The sexes
are mostly different, but in some species alike.
With regard to the species and subspecies I should like to make the following
remarks.
Saxicola oeuauthe.
Of all the species of the genus Saxicola this has beeu the most puzzling one to
me I do not think that any geographical forms can be separated on the European
continent, nor do I believe that the British form is separable. In the East, however,
things are different, for we find in winter, in N.E. and E. Africa, many specimens
with very Iouli: bills — onlmen to very nearly 20 mm. — and long-billed are the
examples breeding in Syria. These forms have also very light edges to the upper
wing-coverts and quills. It is therefore quite logical to separate them as S. oenanthe
rostmta, for rof^tratn is the name given to long-billed specimens from Upper Egypt,
North Arabia, and Syria by Hemprich & Ehrenberg. Unfortunately, however, the
distribution of this form is not yet well known, and specimens from Greece, Egypt,
and occasionally such from Turkestan, have rather long bills, and those from Sardinia
sometimes reach, in the length of their beaks, true rostrata^ while others from the
same island have short bills.
Another ill-defined and little understood form is S. oenanthe argentea Lonnberg.
It was described from a few specimens from south of Lake Baikal (Bura, Kjacbta,
Kiran). Although, in my opinion, the author hardly had sufficient material to
name this form, it cannot be denied that a rather liglit back, wide white forehead,
and light edges to (lie wings are more or loss peculiar to many adult males from
(Jentral Asia, viz. Turkestan and Transcaspia, and that therefore the name argentea
cannot be treated as a synonym.
• For I'ait I. see .V'or. Zool. 1904. pp. 45G-GO; for Part II., i\ov. Zoul 1905, pp. 497-503; r.irt III.,
Nov. Zool. 190G. pp. 386-405 ; Pari. IV., ffoi: Zool. 1907. pp. 335-9 ; Part V., Nov. Zool. 1908. pp. 395-U.
(4?8)
The ilistribntion of S. oomnthe nrgentea, however, is uot yet known. Specimens
from Northern Siberia (Lena) do not seem to belong to argcntca, their bills being on
the contrary rather short, while those oi anjentea are rather long as a rule, though
not so long as in most rostrata.
A form which is mnch better defined is the large " Icucorhoa^ This was for
the first time named from migrants in Senegambia, but it breeds in Greenland,
while the birds from Iceland and the FarOer are said to be the same, although it
appears that a small series of Iceland specimens have the wings not longer than
IMO mui., while in Greenland they are sometimes as long as 110 mm., others,
however, being smaller.
On migration this large form —or these large forms — pass through England
aud continental Western Europe, the Canaries and Azores, and North-West Africa
as far east as Tunis. They have several times been recorded from Egypt and
Nubia, but evidently erroneously. Mr. Kleinschmidt {Berajak, i. pp. 5, 0) mentioned
already very large specimens, which nevertheless are uot leucorJtoa ; and I have
recently, through the kindness of Mr. Nicoll, been able to compare the specimens
mentioned by him under the name of S. oc. lem-orlioa in Ibiii, 1909, p. 287, aud
they are certainly not leucorhoa. Instead of being rather brownish, they are very
light, and, though their wings reach 100 mm., they are not leucorl/ua, but apparently
belong to Lonnberg's argentea. The easternmost locality for Iracorhoa therefore
remains Tunisia, where it is rather rare.
The most distinct subspecies of S. oennnthe is Saxicola oenanthg si'ebohmi.
The male differs strikingly by having an entirely black throat — nevertheless I agree
with Kleinschmidt (cf. Berajah, i.) that S. sechohmi can be treated as a form
of oenautlu'. Its habits, song, and nest and eg^, are like those of <S'. oenai/tke
oenanthe, and the females are not at all easy to distinguish. »S'. oenantke seebohini
was discovered ou the Djebel Mahmel in Algeria, and has been found also on some
of the neighbouriug mountains, while Riggenbach obtained an example in tlie
Southern Atlas iu Morocco.
Saxicola deserti.
Saxicola ckserti deserti inhabits the Sahara from the Atlantic Ocean (Cape
Blanco, 21", collected by Comte de Dalmas) to Egypt, Nubia, and Arabia. On the
whole Egyptian and Nubian e.xamples agree best with Tunisian and Algerian ones,
and those from the Natron Valley, collected by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, are
perfectly like the western ones ; nevertheless some of the Nubian birds are inter-
mediate, and the true Asiatic form ajipears sometimes in winter in Nubia and at
Khartoum. The Asiatic form, which is darker, with more of a brownish and greyish
tinge, must be called S. deserti atrogularis, Blyth having given the name
atrogularis to specimens from Western India in 1847. It has been customary
of late to acknowledge two " species " in Asia, one being called & deserti, the other
S. moiitana, renamed orcophila by Oberholser, because the name Saxicola mortfaiia
had been preoccupied. The latter " species " had been separated because the white
at the basal portion of the inner webs of the quills is wider, and the wings are
longer. There is, unfortunately, no constancy iu these characters, as there is every
intermediate between specimens with more white on the (luills and others which
have only a narrow white border, like Saharan examples, and every intermediate in
size as well Moreover both supposed species occnr, as far as I can find out, over
( 4^9 )
the same area. On tbe other hand the darker, more brownish or greyish tinge is
evident in all Asiatic sjiecimens, and we tlierefore have to recognize two forms : —
S. deserti ckserti from Africa (Ijroadly speaking).
S. deserti atrogularis from Asia (broadly speaking).
Saxicola " stapazina " and " aurita."
Under these two names two distinct species have been generally recognized by
all ornithologists. The oldest name referring to these birds is Motacilla hispanica
Linnaens, Sijst. Nat. ed. x. p. 186 (17o8). It is taken entirely and solely
from Edwards, Orn. Nov. i. Taf. 31, where a black-throated specimen {''sfa/jazina"
anct.) and a white-throated one (" aurita " auct.) from Gibraltar, both males, were
figured and described as male and female of one species. Evidently Edwards and
his correspondent were aware that both belonged to one and the same species, but
were mistaken in concluding that they were the two sexes. Afterwards the two
forms have been looked upon as two different species for more than a century,
although now and then an author would remark that the males differed only by a
black or white throat, and that the females were alike. Other authors (Dresser and
Koenig for example) described individually different females as the true females of
the two supposed species, but they were in error. Recently Kleinschmidt has been
the first to raise the question of the possible identity of the two forms, and inter-
esting notes, showing this to be quite probable, have been published by Schiebel and
Othmar Reiser. A careful study of a large material of skins, and personal
observations in Algeria together with Mr. Rothschild, have left no doubt for mo
that the two supposed species are merely individual varieties. These are well
marked, and mostly very constant, as is well known, in the males, while the
females have mostly a buff throat, but not infrequently a more or less black
throat, as described p. 680 of Vol. I. of my book on the birds of the palaearctic
fauna. In the eastern form, S'txicola liinpanica xanthotnel'iena Hempr. & Ehrbg.,
females with black throats are not at all rare, while in the western one, Saxicola
hispanica hispanica (L.), they are not often met with, but Mr. VVitherby has shown
me that they exist.
Phoenicurus erythrogastra.
lu his book on The Eggs of the Birds of Europe, in " Parts III. and IV.,"
Mr. Dresser describes for the first time the egg of the Asiatic form of Giildenstiidt's
(not Giildenstadt's) Redstart, which was sent to him as coming from Issik-Kul in
Turkestan. Mr. Dresser says : "I agree with Dr. Pleske in not separating the eastern
form from that inhabiting the C^'aucasus." Mr. Pleske, however, said just the contrary,
namely: "An exact comparison of a rather considerable number of Caucasus specimens
with a large series of Central Asian birds has convinced me of the correctness of
Mr. Lorenz's view of the necessity of separating the two forms as subspecies"
(translated from Aves Prxewah/tianae, i. p. 58). Pleske therefore names the bird
in question Ruticilla erijtkrogastra var. Ssewerzowi Lorenz. The older name of the
Asiatic form is of course Ruticilla grandis (Gould, P.Z.S. 184!). p. 112), and the
bird from Central Asia must therefore be called
Phoenicurus erythrogastra grandis (Gould).
The differences between the two forms have also been very clearly explained by
Dr. Rothschild in Not: Zool. 1897. p. 167.
(480)
The Generic Names TESIA and OLIGURA.
lu 1837 Hodgson (Joitni. As. Soc. Bengal, 1837. p. 101) created a genus under
the name Tegia. It embraced four species : T. cyan/ renter, T. Jlaci center,
T. albiventer, and T. nifirenter.
In 1845 {Proc. Zool. Soc. London, xiii. pp. 24, 2."i), having recognized that
these four species were not congeneric, he established two othtir genera : on p. 24
the genus Pnoepyga, embracing albiventer and rufiventer, also a fornierl}' nnuamed
species, P. pusilhis. He says that bis genus Pnocpi/ga is " olim Testa," but this
is not quite correct, as I have explained above. Therefore the two Wrens, Piioepyya
aUt/ renter and pu.iillus {nifirenter being the female of albirentcr), having been taken
out and separated, the name Tesia remains as the generic term for the two species
cyanhenter and Jiauventer, but Hodgson {Proc. Zool. Soc. London, xiii. p. 25)
renamed them Oligura, a name which thus quite clearly is a synonym of Tesia. If
the two species — unnecessarily in my opinion — are placed in two different genera,
the name of Tesia might be restricted to cyanicentcr, the first species mentioned,
but Oligura, being a strict synonym of Tesia, cannot be used ^ovflarirenter (a name
preoccupied by castaneocoronata of 1835), and a new generic name would have to be
created for the latter. As I have said above, I consider this separation unnecessary.
In my former notes on Tesia castaneocoronata I have, by a slip of the pen,
called the latter castatieorentris {Nor. Zool. 1907. p. 337).
The Genus SPELAEORNIS.
In 1877 Messrs. David & Onstalet created this genus for the two species
troglodytoides and halsueti, both from China {Ois. Chine, p. 229). In 1881 our
late friend Sharpe created a new genus i'rocichla, separating it — according to his
key — from Spetaeornis merely by a somewhat longer bill and, one would under-
stand from his words, by a less thickened operculum over the nostrils {Cat. B. Brit.
Mils. vi. j)p. 181, 263). Neither of these differences is of any generic value, the
greater length of the bill being present to the extent of about 1 — 2 mm. onl)-, and
the thicker membrane over the nostrils not at all !
Therefore Urocichla is a pure synonym of Sjielaeornis.
I enclose in the genus Spclaeornis also the bird described in the Cat. li. Brit.
Mus. vi. p. 305 under the name of Pnoepyga caudata. Unfortunately it has
nothing to do with Pnoepyga. In Pnoepyga the tail consists of six rectrices only,
and is not visible at all, as it disappears in the mass of silky soft disintegrated
rump-feathers, in addition to other differences. In Spclaeornis, however, the tail is
conspicuous and consists often rectrices. It is true that Spelncornis caudata has a
shorter tail than troglodytoides, halsueti, and souliei, and I am afraid some genus-
sjilitter will before long create a new generic name for it. I, however, do not
approve of this, and am satisfied by placing ^^ caudata'" (a somewhat silly name,
which one can only understand when one knows that it was described as a sj)ecies
of Tesia) into its right neighbourhood, removing it from Pnoepyga, as had
already been done by Gates {Fauna Brit. India, Birds, i. p. 341), who placed it in
the genus Urocichla, together with longicaudata.
The failure to find that Urocichla is merely a synonym of Spelaeornis is due
to the absence of any specimens of either S. troglodytoides and 5. halsueti, or
souliei, in the British Museum. Probably Sharpe, when creating his Urocichla,
s
( -isi )
relied only on notes made in the Paris Mnsemu, and plates, but had no exarajiles
of the species of his restricted Spelaeornis before him.
Evea now these birds are very rare iu collections.
Of .S'. troqlodi/tniili's only the type-specimen is traceable iu the Paris Miisenm.
Pere David mentions having sent two specimens to Verreanx, but only one can
be found now. Of S. halsueti also only the type in the Paris Museum is known,
and so it is with S. so'iUei. These three valuable typss have besn kindly sent me
by the authorities of the Paris Museum, who also gave permission for them to be
figured. As both <S'. troyloJ'/toidcs and /talsuefi are figured in the 0/seau.c de la
Chine, we have on Plate VII. represented <S'. soiil/ei, o:Uesi, and cuadata, which had
hitherto never been figured.
Tiie S])pcies of the genus Spelaeoftiis might thus be reviewed : — •
( Rectrices uniform 2.
■ I Rectrices barred 3.
(■Throat bright rufous rust-colour, tail 29 — 3".! mm. . . S. caudata.
white, tail above 45 mm. ....... S. oatesi.
brown 4.
Upperside pale grey-brown ....... & halsueti.
Pileum blackish brown with whitish auteapical bars, throat pale orange-
rufous, back rufescent 'S'. troglodijtoides.
Pilenm dark brown with triangular white spots, throat white, back
rufous S. souliei.
,/• Middle of abdomen dark grey S.reptata.
'I ,, ,, „ wiiite S. longicaudata.
1. Spelaeornis troglodytoides Verr.
SiKhi'm-ids ti-(ujhid:iluitk^ Verreaux, .V««c. .I/r/i. Mas. Puns vi. BkH. p. 34 (1870.— " Montagaes du
Thibet Chinois") ; Hartert, Vog.jml. Fauna i. p. 7H.5.
Figure: David & Oustalet, Ois. Chine, pi. 10.
West Setchuan, China. Uni(jue in Paris Museum.
~. Spelaeornis halsueti (David).
Piinejiiji/a ? Ilalimti Dnyid, L'ImtitiUin. no. 11, and BhU. .S'w-, Philnin. Ci aer. -xii. p. I'.i (1877.—
Tsinling Mts.) ; Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna i. p. 78C.
Figure : David it Oustalet, Ois. Chine, pi. 15.
Tsinling Mts. Uninue in Paris Museum.
3. Spelaeornis oatesi (Uippon).
(Plate VII., fig. 3.)
Unicirhla oalt.ii Rippou, DuU. B. 0. Club x\v. [). 8.^ (1004.— \It. Victoria, Southern Chin Hills in
Burma).
Mt. Victoria, .Southern Chin Hills in r.m-jna. Specimens in the I'.ritish anil
Tiing Museums.
4. Spelaeornis souliei (Just.
(Plate V 11., fig. ].)
Sjielaeoniis Suulin Oustalet, Bull. Mux. IWix, r,08, no. I'l. p. ■.'!i7 (T.-i:kou, Yunnai.).
Tsc-kou iu Yunnan, \V. China. Unicjue in the Paris Museum.
31
( 4S2 )
■ K Spelaeornis longicaudata i Mooic).
Piiof/if/f/t l'nitfic(t'(il ila Moore, Pmr. ZooL Site. Lonihn IH')!. p. 74 (Kha'^ia Hills, Iii'liii).
Piifiijii/ija rhorolatiiia Godwin-AiHten & Waldcn, Ihh 1H7.'). p. 25*2 (Manipur Hills)
Uruck'hh linif/irauda/'i Sharpe, O'l. li. liril, .I/hs. vi. p. 2(>3.
Figure : iioiif.
Kliasia and Miiiii|mr Hills in India. SjiL'cimi'ns in the British, Tring, and
other museums.
<). Spelaeornis reptata (Bingham).
Vrofii-lila irjiliihi Biagham, Bull. B. 0. Club xiii. p. 55 (Loi-Pang-Nan, Mekong Valley)
Figure : none.
Loi-Pang-Nan, s300 feet high, in the Mekong Valley.
7. Spelaeornis caudata (151ytli).
(Plate VII., fig. 2.)
Tf^ia ra'-iflut'i Blytb, Joni-n. J-s. Snr. Bengal xiv. p. 588 (1845. — Dai'jiling).
Pnor/>t/ijii caiithtl'i Sharpe, Cut. B. Bill. .Was. vi. p. 805.
Uroachla caudala Oate.s, Fauna Brit. India, Birds i. p. .341.
Sjielaeomis caudata Hartert, VOg. pal. Fauna i. p. 786.
In high altitudes in the mountains of Sikkira, Himalayas. Specimeus in the
British, Tring, and other musenms.
The Genus SPHENOCICHLA.
This curious little genus, with a sharply pointed cuneitorm bill, consists of two
species only : S. huinri Mandclli, which inhabits Sikkini, and .V. roln'rti Godwin-
Anstea & Walden, from the mountains south of the Brahmaputra, in Assam (North
(/'achar Hills and JIanipnr).
With regard to the former it is strange that it has not been procured recently.
As far as I know, it has only been procured by the late Mandelli's native collectors,
a fact from which one would conclude that it lived in the most inaccessible high
mountains of native {^ikkim. The Tring Museum, however, possesses one of the
skins obtained by Mandelli's men, which it received with the Elwcs collection, and
which is said, on its label, to come from Naiutchi, in Sikkim, and was shot
in April 1S75. The convent of Namtchi is only aTOD feet high, and not very far
from Darjiling. Absolutely nothing is known about the habits, nests, eggs, etc., of
either of the two Si>henoi:ichla. ((If Gates, Fauna B. India, liirih, i. j>. ;{3(;;
Hartert, lo'/. pal. Fauna, i. j). 787.)
Spftenocichla rohcrti has recently been obtained by Dr. H. N. 'loltart in the
Naga Hills, three days' journey to the tS.M of Marghcrita, in Upper Assam. He
describes the iris as brown, feet dark Ijriiwn, the ujiper bill us dark hurn-brown, tij)
and lower mandible jialer horn-coldur.
Sphcnocichla, humei is figured on I'late \'II., lig. 4.
THE CGKUECT NAME UP THE '•(JKEEN BEE-EAT1';U."
The little Green Bee-eater, now known under the name of " J/tvvy/.s' rirUlis^''
marvellously lumped by Dresser, Sharpe, niaiilonl, and others, and judiciously sj)Iit
by Parrot, Neamann, and others, is, as everylxidy knows, on the upperside as well
( 483 )
as the underside, uniform green or yellowish green, while some of its subspecies
have a blue throat, others not. I was therefore not a little surprised when
I read the diagnosis of Linnaeus, who, in the first instance, Syst. Nat. ed. x. 1.
p. 117 (1758), diagnosed his Mfroj/s n'r/i//s as follows: " M. dorso forrngineo,
abdomine absque viridibus, gnla caudanne caeruleis," and stated as its distribution
Java and Bengal I Now the little Green Bee-eater has neither a ferrnginous back
nor a blue tail, and it has never been found in Java ! Looking up the quotations
given b}' Linnaeus, we find as the first author Osbeck, who deseribeil a Java bird,
and it is at once obvious that Linnaeus extracted his diagnosis and the locality
Java from Osbeck. Of the other three quotations of Linnaeus one refers also to
the Java Bee-eater described by Osbeck ; the other two (Albin and Edwards), how-
ever, to the little Green Bee-eater of Bengal, thongh shockingly and wrongly
coloured. It does not, of course, alter the status of the name iv/vVZ/.s if two quota-
tions are erroneously added, as its diagnosis and first " habitat " clearly refer to the
bird now known as Merops mimatraii'zs, which must henceforth and for ever boar
the name Merops virulis L.
Of course nowadays we begin with the teath edition of Linnaons (1758), but
in the Catalogue of Birds, unfortunately, the twelfth edition alone has — with
a few exceptions— been quoted. This might, in the case of the Green Bee-eater,
have accounted for the acceptance of the name riridis for the latter. But even
there {Si/sf. Xat. ed. xii. 1. p. 182 [17G6]) we do not find a satisfactory diagnosis.
To the (jnotations we find added : Merops riridis, supra ferriujinea Amoen
acad. 4, p. ~'37, which is again M. suinatraiius ; Brisson's Apiaster bengalensis
torijiiafi/s, which is the little Green Bee-eater; and Brisson's Apiaster madagas-
carieiisis torqiiatus, which is the same with a wrong locality ! The localities
Linnaeus quotes are again Java and Bengal. Now the description of 170G is clearly
a mixture of that of the species hitherto called .17. siiinatraims and M. viridis.
There is the bine tail of " sumatranus " and the black pectoral band of " viridis,''
and therefore even the name "viridis" of 17G0 could not have been adopted by
any one who looked up Osbeck's original description, or duly considered the
diagnosis and first locality given by Linnaeus.
The next name available for the " Green Bee-eater" is Mrrops lamark, and the
C'eylonese and Bengal form must be called
Merops lamark lamai'k.
Not beautiful, perhaps, but logical and inevitable !
( 484 )
ON THE EGGS OF THE FAliJ DISEIBAE.
P.V ERNST IIAIiTERT, Ph.D.
( Plate X.)
EGGS of the " Birds of Paradise" wero, until recently, very little known, ami
poorly represented in collections. At the present moment the Tring Museniu
possesses, in addition to the most complete and finest collection of skins of the
Paradiseidae., also the best collection of their eggs. On Plate X. eggs of the species
at present represented at Tring are figured.
The first egg of a real Paradise-bird of the genus P'iradisea described was
that of Faradisen nigyiaiia from P>ritish New Guinea, described by Mr. E. P.
liamsay in the Proceedings oj the Liiiiiean Societ;/ of New South Wales, vol. viii.
1883. p. 26. To this Dr. A. B. Meyer added a description and rather poor figure
of that of P. apoda from Am (Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. 1884. p. 293. pi. xvii. fig. 2),
and iu 1893 {Ib/'s p. 481. pi. xiii.) that of Paradisea at/gi(.^tae-virtor/ae.
In the second edition of the catalogue of the eggs in Mr. Ad. Nchrkorn's
collection— supposed to be the largest collection of eggs next to that of the British
Museum — the eggs of Ptilorhis alberti, Paradisea aiigustae-rictoriae, Phonyga minus
jamexi, Maiiucodia afra, Manucodia chabjhata orientalis, and Lijcocorru- ohirnsis are
described.
Mr. Uothschild's collection contains at present eggs of 23 forms of I'aradiscidue,
the Bower-birds included.
At a glance at the eggs on the jilate or iu the collection it is apparent that
these eggs are of three totally different types: — (1) Uniform cream- colour : most
of the "Bower-birds," such as Aduroedus, Scenopoeetes, and I'rioiiodtn-ii. (2)
Scribbled densely all over : the genus Chlami/dera, also belonging to the " Bower-
birds." (3) Spotted, and in most cases longitudinally sjilashed : all true Paradisea
and their nearest allies, such as Paradisea, Ptilorhis, Seleticiiles, l.ophovinn,
Mnnwodia, Phomjgammas, and Parotia — the last three not so distinctly splashed
longitudinally, but more spotted in the ordinary way.
Of tlie third category another subdivision might be made : the strikingly
longitudinally splasheil eggs of Paradisea, J'tilarhis, Seleiteides, and Astra pia, and
one might add Lophorina, the spotted and less (if at all) longitudinally marked
ei'gs of Manucodia, the eggs of Phoiii/gammus, with the character of many ^feli-
pkagidae rather strikingly pronounced, and the somewliat singular egg of Farotia.
Ptilonorhynchus violaceus (V lei II.).
See : Campljull, .V,'w/< >iwl &/,7» Aiislia'. II. p. 101. pi. ix. (19.11) ; North, X.-^h ami I-'.'J'Jh i. p. 'M).
The nest is an ojien shallow structure made of twigs and lined with leaves.
The two or three eggs are of a dark cream to dirty yellow brownish colour, sjwtted
with cinnamon-brown and underlying purplish grey spots.
We have received from Mr. 11. Mnnt one of the eggs from Mr. (). (_'ii[)e's
collection. ^Vith the (■xcei]ti()n ol'thc two in Jlr. Minit's possession, this is )inibal)ly
the only egg of the Satin Bower-binl in this counlry. Onr sjiecinien measures
34-7 X 284 mm.
( 485 )
Aeluroedus viridis (LaMi.).
CaQipbell, ly. p. 19G ; North, t.c- p. 70.
Nest (111 open, soiuewliat deep structure of twigs and leaves, lined with fine
twigs and rootlets. The two or throe eggs are of a uniform rich cream-colour.
Aeluroedus maciilosus Rams. (I'l. X., fig. I'.i).
Campbell, l.i: p. 195 ; North, t.c. p. 7:i.
Nest a bowl-shaped structure, composed of twigs and leaves, and lined with
fine twigs, leaves, etc. The eggs are two or three, according to North sometimes
even four. They are of an oval to elongate-oval shape, smooth, and slightly-
glossy, their colonr being a light cream to brownish cream-colour.
The Tring Museum has an egg, together with nest and parent bird, brought
from (!airiis by Mr. Robinson. The egg measures 38-5 x 2S mm.
We also have a clutch of two taken by Mr. A. S. Meek in North Queensland.
These eggs measure 42-6 x 23 and 41 x 27-8 mm.
A very fine photograph of the nest with two eggs of this species is laven on
Plate XXIV. of Vol. VIII. of the Emu.
Aeluroedus buccoides geislerorum Meyer (PI. X., fig. 14).
Nelii-korn, Kat. Einmdmml . 2. AuH. p. 3J7 (I'JIO).
Wo have received from Professor Forster, of Brotten, two eggs collected b\-
tiie late Carl "Wahues on the Sattelberg, in German New Guinea. They are of
a rich cream-colour, nearest to "cream-buff" in Ridg way's Xomeiid. Col. pi. v.
fig. 11. They measure 41'3x2()r) and 45x29 mm., this being rather large for
the bird.
Nelirkorn (I.e.) describes an egg from tlio same source as ours as " pea-yollow,"
and measuring 4i) x 2(1 mm.
Scenopoeetes dentirostris (Rams.) (PI. X., fig. Is).
North, Vicliiriaii Xaiuralid xKV. Nu. 10. pp. 165-8. pi. 8 (1909).
North (Nests and fj(//js B. Austr. ami Tasmania i. p. 09) gave descriptions
of the playgrounds of this peculiar species, anil, in I'.ioit, described for the first
time the uests and eggs, which had been discovered by Mr. G. Sharp. Immediately
afterwards Mr. Sidney Wra. Jactkson found a number of clutches, and described
them and iiublished e.xcollont pliotographs in the Ema, vol. viii. pis. xxxii. and
xxxiv., 19(19.
The Tring ]\Iuseum has received an egg from Mr Gregory M. Mathews, from
the collection of Mr. H. L. White, an enthusiastic egg-collector, who directed
Mr. Jackson to the jungles of North Queensland— so iuajipropriately called " scrub "
by the Australians— in order to collect these and other rare eggs.
The egg in the Tring Museum is the second laying of a female of Sc. dentirostris,
which, according to the label, usually consists of one egg, while the first one
contains as a rule two eggs. Our egg was taken on November 3(.), 1909, by
Mr. E. D. Frizelle, a native who accompanied Mr. Jackson on his expedition. The
nest was placed in a vine-covered tree near Taiga on the bank of the Barron River,
not far from Atherton in North Queensland.
The egg is of a real cream-colour, and modoratdy glossy. The surface of
(486 )
the shell appears to be slightly smoother than in eggs of Aeluroedus maculosiu.
The colour, however, is not at all darker, but lighter than that of our exaniiiles
oi Ae. maculosus. The egg measures 43-5 x 1805 miu,
Chlamydera cerviniventris GoiiKl (I'l. X., lig. 17;.
Campbell, p. 206 ; North, p. 58. plate B. ii. fig. 8.
Nest open, cnp-shaped, con.sistiiig of twig.s, dry plant-.stalks, and strips of
dry bark.
The eggs are slightly glossy, and have a whitish, pale greenish white, or pale
greenish olive ground-colour, covered with a labyrinth of thread-like lines and
scribbles. The egg in the Tring Miisenm was taken at Cape York, North Queens-
land, (in November 1.5, 1901, by Mr. Bertie L. Jardine. It measures 40-0 x
27-9 mm.
Dr. A. B. Meyer {Ahh. /■. :ool. Mus. Dresden, vol. v. No. 10. p. 2, 1895)
received an egg of a CIdumi/dera from German New Guinea, on which he founded
an imaginary new species — " ('. recondita." As C. ceicihicentris became soon
afterwards known from that country, he considered the egg to belong to that
species, and that is jirobably correct, but as the eggs of the various species of
CItlanu/deru are very much alike, not absolutely certain.
Chlamydera maculata (Gnuld).
Campbell, p. l'J8. pi. 'J ; North, p. 41. pi, B. ii. fi^'s. 4, 5, 0.
The fullest description of the remarkable " bowers " of these birds, and of
their nests and eggs, is given by North, I.e. The eggs resemble those of the other
species of the genus.
The Tring Museum does not yet possess eggs of the Spotted Bower-bird.
Chlamydera nuchalis nuchalis (Jiud. it Selby) (PI. X., figs. 15, 16).
Campbell, p. 203 ; North, p. 51. pi, B, ii, fig. 3.
A full description of the bowers and nests and eggs of this species is given
by Mr. North.
We have received from our friend Mr. G. M. Mathews six eggs, taken in
January 1907 by Mr. (!. E. May at Point Keates, Northern Territory, Australia.
They vary very much : the ground-colour is pale olive-green, pale olive, cream,
or creamy white ; the markings consist of a lahyrinth of thread-like lines of deep
brown colour (fig. 10), with underlying greyisli patches, or of olive-brown lines, in
others more of spots and dots than of lines.
Chlamydera nuchalis orientalis Gould.
Campbell, p. 204 : North, p. 55. pi. B. ii. figs. 9-12.
Nest and eggs do not seem to ditfer from those of Chlamydera 7tuc/ialig
7imhalis.
Chlamydera guttata Gould.
North, Viclnrian Xatnmlisl .\vi. p. 10, 18'.lSt ; Campbell, p. 1078 ; North, Nests und Kgijs, p. 48.
pi. B. ii. 6g. 7.
Nests and eggs do not differ essentially from tliose of other species of
Chlamydera.
(487 )
Amblyornis inornatus (Sdil.).
Nelirliorn, KnI. Kifrmmnd . 2. Aufl. p. 350.
Nchrkoni doscribos an egg from " British New (Tiiinea"' as uniform yellowish
white, and measuring 40 x 20 mm. Unfortnnatel_v, as usual, no collector's name or
authority is stated, so that this information will require confirmation.
Sericulus chrysocephalus I/cwin.
Campbell, p. 208, .also plate ; Nortli, p. CO.
The nest is ratlier flat, small for tlie bird, and consists of dry branches and
twigs, lined witii finer twigs and wire-like stems. Eggs like eggs of the genus
ChlamijJeru.
Prionodura newtoniana de Vis (PI. X., fig. 21).
Norlb, Virtnriaii Xuliii-alhl xxv. (1909). pp. 162-u. pi. 7 ; Jackson, Emu viii. (1909). pi. .\xviii.
The nest photogr.ajihed in the Emu is a shallow cnp of dry twigs, ontside
ornamented with leaves. Eggs light cream-colour. We have received, through
Mr. Slafhews, an egg taken on November 30, 1908, by Mr. George Sharp, on the
Bellenden Ker Range, North Queensland. The nest was placed in the hollow of
a tree growing in dense scrnb. The single egg was already incubated. It measures
34-5 X 24-r ram.
[CnemopMlus macgregori de Vis.
A nest and egg said to belong to this bird were received in 1898 from
Mr. A. S. Anthony. They were described by Mr. Rothschild in the Hull. B. 0. Gluh,
vol. viii. p. xxvi. The e^^, however, is so utterly unlike any eggs of Paradiseidae
hitherto known, exactly looking like an Oriole's egg, and tlie thick, soft nest of
moss differs so much from all nests of Paracliseidm' which we know, that we do
not now believe this nest and egg are correctly identified.]
Parotia sexpennis lawesi Rams. (Pi. X., fig. 20).
Mr. A. S. Antliony sent us the nest and egg of this species, found in tlie
Owen Stanley Mountains, about (iOOO feet high. The nest is built entirely of the
wire-like stems of some climbing plant, and lined onl}' with finer stalks of the same
kind and some fine rootlets. Unless pressed out of shape the structure is very flat.
The single egg is of a vinaceous red, witlrdark rnfons, sometimes almost l)iack
patches and sjiots, and a few underlying greyish spots. JMeasnrcments :
33 X 24 mm.
Very amusing is the vernacular name of this form among the feather-hunters
and collectors in New Guinea. Tiie bird became known by its specific title ; but
the Latin "sexpennis''' having no meaning for a Papuan n'ative, half-caste, and
probably most of the white colonists oat there as well, it became " sixpenny,"
or as Anthony spells it "sixpenaey," a word which apparently has a great meaning
for natives.
Lophorina superba minor Rams. (PI. X., figs. 22, 23).
Nest and eggs were taken by A. S. Anthony, 5000 feet high in the Owen
Stanley Mountains. The nest consists of dry and partially decayed leaves,
dry twigs_ and rootlets. The two eggs sent ditler from each other. The one is
brownish buft", longitudinally splashed and marked with pale brownish grey, and
( 488 )
some, apparently deeper lying, pale brown markings. This egg measnres
32 X 22'4 mm. The other one is more cream-eolour, witl\ rufons spots and
longitudinal markings, and nnderlying pale bluish grey longitudinal splashes and
s])ots, as well as with some brown points and dots. Tt measures 31'8x2n(i nun.
The eggs are very little glossy and show rather deep jiores.
Ptilorhis magnifica intercedens Siiarpe (PI. X., fig. 0).
From the late V. Wiihnos we have received a nest and eggs from the Sattelberg
in German New Guinea. The nest is built of thin wire-like fibres, outside snr-
roimded by large dry leaves, and forms a deep round cup. Tlie two eggs
eream-colonr longitudinally marked with brown and pale grey. They measure
34-4x2:5(i and 33-3 x 23-2 mm.
Ptilorhis magnifica alberti Ell.
Campbell, p. 7C ; North, p. ifl.
Nest and eggs are well deseribcd by f'ampbell, North, and others. The first
discoverer was Mr. Harry Barnard.
Ptilorhis victoriae Gould (PI. X., fig. 5).
Campbell, p. GO ; North, p. Ji;.
The eggs of this species (or perhaps better subspecies of P. parailisea, in spite
of the striking dift'erences between the females) are among the most beautiful eggs.
We received a pair from Mr. Albert S. Meek, from Northern Queensland, one of
which is figured (fig. 5). These two eggs measure 33 x 23-2 and 34-8 x 220 mm.
Ptilorhis paradisea Sw.
Campbell, p. Ofi ; North, p. 2.'i.
The nests often contain cast snake-skins. Tlie eggs agree in general character
with those of their allies, and especially with those of P. ridoriae.
Seleucides iguotus (Forst.) (PI. X., fig. 2).
W. Rothschild, Hull. II. <>. Cliih viii. pp. .\iii, ,\iv.
Nest and egg had been found in the Pandanus swamps on the Van:i]ia River,
in British New Guinea, and were described at the Otith meeting of the B.0.0. on
November IG, 1898. The single egg measures 39-2 x 22 mm.
,vv^,-fi£«fc<7 yy^^,t.^>./uj,JUtei^ift-8t^)b«r»iae-(Finsch & Meyer) (I'l. X., fig. 8).
v*^'^-^-*^^'*"'^ single egg was taken by A. S. Anthony in the Owen Stanley Mountains,
about 8UIJ0 feet high. It is smooth, glossy, light brown, with deej) brown
longitudinal dashes from the thick end downwards, a few spots on the thick end,
and paler brownish red spots. It measures 36'.') x 2.')'4 mm.
Paradisea apoda L-
An egg from the Arn Ishiiids, of this species, was for the first time described
and figured by Dr. A. 1!. Meyer in Madartis/.'s /.ril.srlir f. (/<:■<. (>ni. i. p. 293.
111. xvii. fig. 2.
( 489 )
Paradisea raggiana Scl. (PI. x., fig. 3).
Ramsay, Pmc. Linn. Soc. A', .s'. \Vul,s viii. p. I'l; (IKHrS. — This is the first description of an egg of
a true Parailhen).
Nest <aii(l ec;gs were received from A. S. Anthony, wlio collected theiu at an
elevation of -UOil feet in the Owen Stanley Mountains. The nest is like that of
other species of Paradisea. The eggs are of a beautiful pinldsh cream-colour,
the markings of a very clear reddish brown with a few underlying violet-grcy
streaks. Measurements : 38-2 x 24-:i and ST-."") x 'i-y~ mm.
Paradisea rudolphi (Finsch) (PI. X., fig. 4).
An egg was taken at an elevation of uOUO feet by A. S. Anthony. It is
very elongated, and resembles the specimens of the egg of P. rcuj(jiana except
that the ground-colour is not so pink, more of a rich cream-enlour. It measures
38-5 X 24 mm.
Paradisea minor minor Shaw (PI. X., tig. (i).
Nest and eggs were taken by A. E. Pratt at Hambitawuria in Western Dut(di
New Guinea, at an elevation of 1500 feet. The well-preserved nest is built of
rufous brown twigs, inside of fine black wire-like fibres or rootlets, and the outside
is jiartially covered witli dead leaves. The cup measures about 12 — 13 cm. across,
and is 8 cm. deep. The egg is cream-colour, and marked with the characteristically
paradiseine long streaks of brown and rufous brown, from the thick end downwards,
and shorter deeper lying grey ones. It measures 35'2 x 20-8 mm.
We also received from the late Heinrich Kiihn the remains of a topical
Paradise-bird's nest and an egg from Etna Bay, Dutch New Guinea. The egg
is paler and more freipiently marked than the one taken by A. E. Pratt, but it
agrees entirely with an egg of Paradisea minor fnsclii in the Tring Museum.
It measures 3G-1 x 2()-4 mm. There can, in my opinion, be no doubt that it is
the egg of /'. minor minor, which were common and in full breeding plumage
during the visit of Heinrich Kiihu to Etna Bay.
Paradisea minor finschi A. B. Meyer (PI. X., fig. 1).
Two eggs were collected by the late Carl Wahnes in Kaiser Wiiiielm's L.-ind.
They are moderately glossy, of a rich cream-colour, and heavily marked with
longitudinal patches of brown, and a few purplish grey ones. Measurements :
36 X 20 and 35 x 26 mm.
The nest consists of twigs and dry leaves, and is lined with fine wire-like
fibres.
Paradisea augustaevictoriae Cab. (PI. X., fig. 1).
A. B. Meyer, Ihin 190;i. p. 481. pi. xiii. ; Nehrkorn, KiU. Eiermniml. 2. Aufl. p. :i6C) (IBIO).
Two eggs collected by the late Carl Wahnes on the Sattelberg in German
New Guinea are of a rich pinkish cream-colour, with long rufous brown and deeper
lying reddish grey stripes. They measure 35 x 24-() and 34-o x 24'0 mm. They
agree very well with the eggs figured in the fbis, except that, if the figures are
quite exactly (toloured, in our eggs the markings are not (piite so reddish.
The nest is exactiv like that of /'. minor /insc/ii.
( 490 )
Manucodia atra altera K. & H. (PI. X., fig. IL').
Cf. Xor. Z„;l. ];iO:5. p. 84.
An e^g was taken by Heinrich Kiihii on the Am Islands. It is, like other
eggs of this genus, not (iiiite so smooth, but somewhat more rough than eggs
of Paradisea. The ground-colour is white, with black-brown spots and patches
and deeper lying ones of a liluish grey colour, and a few faint scril)bles are also
visible. Measurements: 41 x iiT.") mm.
Manucodia atra atra (Less.).
Nehrkoru, Kdl. Eiermmml. 2. Aufl. p. 350 (1910. — Subnomine .1/. ulm).
An egg collected by Wahnes in Kaiser Wilhelm's Laud is somewhat abnor-
mally ])yriform, not so white as that from Aru, but cream-culonr, and the brown
s])ots are heavier, otherwise it agrees with that of .1/. (ilr<i iild'ra. Measurements :
41-4 27 mm.
The ground-colour of the eggs described by Nehrkoru iVom '•South-west New
Guinea" varies from " white to greyish yellow."
Manucodia chalybata orientalis Siilvad. (PI. X., tig. 13).
Nelirkorn, Kiil. E'lei-nam ml . 2. Aufl. p. .Sol! (I'JIO).
We have received tliree eggs collected by the late Carl Waluies in German
New Gniuea. They are white to creamy white, rather roundish, with brown and
liur]ilish grey markings. They measure ;jj.j-l x 2fi'T, 3,5 x 27, and 3ii-7 x 20-7 mm.
Several nests which we have examined are hanging on a fork of a branch,
like Orioles' nests ; they consist of brown wiry stalks, intermingled witii leaves,
and are liued witii finer stalks and fibres.
Manucodia comrii Scl. (PI. X., fig. 11).
Rev. Au^lr. Mils. ii. p. 32 (IHl).^).— Rothschild .'c Hartert, Nui: Ziml. IS'.li;. p. 2.34.
Mr. A. S. Meek found the nest and eggs on Trobriand Island. The nest —
hanging in the fork of a branch— and the eggs, measuring 29 43 and
30-r) x 45-5 mm., were described by us in 1800.
It is to be noted that all eggs of the genus Mauiwodia agree in general
character, and show very little or none of the long patches and dashes so
characteristic for eggs of Paradisea, Ptilor/iis, Seleucides, and Astrapia.
Phonygammus jamesi Sharpe (PI. X., fig. 10).
Nehrkorn, A"f(7. Eiersamml. 2. Aufi. p. 3,')(; (liHO).
The lining of a uest, which appears to have been constrncted like that of other
Paradiseidae, and two eggs have been received from A. S. Anthony, taken at a
height of 6000 feet in the Owen Stanley Mountains. Pale j)iuk, spotted all over
with brownish red snrfaee-jiatches and violet-grey. Measurements : 3r)-r) x V!4 ami
3;r3 x 23-8 mm. Shaped like typical eggs of (iairulun ylaiidarim.
( 491 )
Phonygammus g'ouldi (Gray).
Campl)ell, p. 78. pi. (! ; North, p 32. pi. B. iii. (ig. 0.
Eggs of this Australian form, juilgiiig from figures and descriptions, agree
perfectly witli those of P. jamesi.
Lycocorax obiensis Bernst.
Nehrkorn, Kut. Kirrsaninil. 2. Aufl. p. 350(1010).
Nehrlcoru ilescribes au egg from Obi as pink with a labyrinth of black
hair-lines, as they are frequently seen iu eggs of Einheriza citrlnella, and gives
the measurements as 41 x 29 mm.
It will be seen from the above that we are fairly well aC'|u;iinted with the
eggs of the genera Ptilonorln/Hchas, Aeluroeilu^, Sceiiopoeeti-s, Cldami/tlera,
S'.ricidxs, Prioiwthva, Plilorhis, Seleti'udi'.s, Paratlisea, Manucodia, and Phony-
giimina^, and that some few others are also known from single eggs or clutches
{Li/cocora.r, A.-i/nt/iia, Lojdwrina, Parot/'a, Ainblyornis). On the other hand, we
know nothing about the eggs of the genera Xanthomelus, Lohoimrtidiset,
Ciieinojildliis, TjOria, Paradigalla, Macgregoria, LohorJiainphtis, Pteridophora,
Lampi'othorax, Janthothovax, FalcineUus, Scklegelia, Diphi/llodes, Cicinnurus,
Semioptera, and Drepanornis. With regard to Drepanornis it must be said that
Mr. Rothschild, Bull. B. 0. Club xxi. p. 38, mentioned that he possessed two
broken eggs of Drepanornis ; but we have come to doubt that they are correctly
identified, as they are utterly unlike each other, and there is no evidence to prove
their correctness. We have therefore thought it best to refrain from giving a
description.
A wide and interesting field is still open in New Guinea and the Papuan
Islands generally for the discovery of unknown eggs of Paradiseidar. It is
especially astonishing that the eggs of Cicinnurus, which is a common bird in
many places, are still unknown.
(492 )
ON SOME NECESSARY ALTERATIONS IN THE
NOMENCLATURE OF EIRDS.
By GREGonV M. MATHEWS.
SINCE tlie j)iiblication of my Ihndlist, less than tliree years ago, I liave noted
many alterations in tbe nomenclature there accepted. As state<l in the
preface, I followed the Ilaiu/list of liirds in the liiitish Miixrnm, which was then
Hearing completion. That work, however, regarded the Xllth Edition of Linnc-'s
Systema Naturae as the commencing point of binomial nomenclature, whereas it is
now generally accoi)teil that tbe year IToS and tiie Xtli Edition of Linne's Si/xtemn
Naturae sliall mark that inauguration. It seems only a matter of time before
British ornithologists fall in line witii the rest of the scientific world, and I have
therefore resolved to conform to the laws formulated liy the International Zoological
Congresses, and recognize 1758 as the starting-point.
Recognition of the laws proposed in the InternatidUiil Code on Zoological
Nomenclature prohibits tbe adoption of names iutrodiu^ed in works in which the
principles of binomial nomenclature are not applied. The law on this matter,
otherwise strictly enforced, has been contravened with regard to tbe '■ Brissonian
genera." Brisson was a non-binomial writer, yet many of the generic names met
with in his work have been utilized as if correctly introduced. I cannot accept any,
and the provision of substitutes has sometimes been a difiBcnlt task. I have
constantly referred to C. Davies Sherboru's admirable work, tbe I/irfex Animalium,
and have continually bad to regret the admission of tbe " Brissonian genera" into
that most valuable compilation. If they had been omitted or even recognized as
of only historical interest my task would have indeed been much lighter. As it is
I can only state that the accuracy of Mr. Sherborn's work is most remarkable.
Only those who have been engaged in nomenclatoiial research can gauge tlie
tremendous amount of work that has been exjiended in the production of such a
publication. In ])roposiug tlie names to be adopted in place of the ones at present
illegally in vogue "ex Brisson" I cannot claim that all such introductions are linal,
and only oiler them and invite criticism so that by co-o[ieratinn finality may be
earlier attained. In order that this purpose may be soon achieved 1 am attaching
a list of names which seem to need alteration, having no connection with Australian
ornithology, but which have cropped up whilst I was endeavouring to ascertain the
correct names of Australian birds for my Ilaiidli.st. By this action I hope to
interest my American and Continental friends whose writings I have freely made
use of and whose studies of uomeuclatorial problems largely exceed my own.
I have not made np these lists with the intention of " upsetting " any names,
but with the idea that only strict adherence to the laws will institute stability, and
my motto coincides with that of the American Ornithologists' Union, " Zoological
Komenclature is a means, not an end, of Zoological Science." I perhaj]s ditier
from that body in some of my methods, but plead that tbe laws should be observed
even when they clash with " general consent " for tbe time being. I have been
much impressed with the total inadequacy of this as a reason for the retention of
any name during the course of my investigations, names chosen by that method
f 493 )
varying with each generation, obvionsly incorreet names gaining influence at times
through the action of a master-iiand accejiting tlieni. Tliis was observed so often
that I have every confidence that the names here proposed, where accurate, woidd
very soon displace the incorrect ones, now in use, were action to take place at once
and only the correct names be used.
lu ortler that no misunderstanding may arise, my general rules have been as
follows : —
ITon-binomial authors have been ignored.
Nude names have been rejected.
The law of priority has been rigidly observed.
It might be considered superfluous to make the above statements, but I have
found so much inconsistency, even among authors professing to accept the above,
that I have felt compelled to make myself clear on this score. AVhat constitutes a
nnde generic name seems a moot point. Names unaccompanied by citation of
known species and diagnosis have been ignored. In tlie Amer. O. i'. Cliork IJst,
3rd Ed. 1910, what may be known as " Oken's names " (Alien, Hull. Anwr. Mus.
JShit. Hist. vol. xxiv. 1908. p. 26, note) have been accepted. The matter is too
intricate to discuss here, but I certainly refuse to recognize them. I only received
the latest edition of the Check List when the majority of these notes were drawn
up, but have taken advantage of most of the alterations there authorized that relate
to the birds which fall under my earn.
The following alterations are necessary, the pages and numbers referring to
my IlawlUst of the Birds of Australia (190.S) : —
Page 5: Genus II. Castutrius Latham, Index Oriiith. ii. p. 004 (1790) — type
C. casuarius
vice Casuarius Brisson.
Casuarius johnsoni F. Mueller replaces C. australis Wall (not Shaw),
if the rule "Once a synonym always a synonym " is enforced.
„ () : Genus III. ilcijajtodius Temmiuck, I'lanches Uol. pi. 2-0, August 1823
vice Meyapodius Quoy et Gaimard.
, 12: Genus XXX. Euri/zona Bonaparte, Couipt. Rend, xliii. p. 599 (1850) —
type Rallus fascial us Raffles
replaces Rallina anct. (not liallina Reichenbach).
Reichenbach in Aeium S'/st. Xat. pi. xx. 1849 figures the liead, foot, and wing
of a new genus liallina. In Xov. Synopsis Avium, No. 5, July 1851, he named
2577 I'allina coneolor {Rallus — Gosse, B. of .Jam.) ; 2471-2 Jlallinn immaculata
{Porzana — Gould, .l(^s'//'. vi. pi. 82); 2477 Rallina plumhea {Rallus — us Vieill.
niyricans Vieill.).
In 1852 the text to the plates of the Acium Syst. Nat. was published, and on
p. xxiii was named Rallina Reichenbach ma.rima {Rail — us Vieill.) R. as the
typical species of the genus, and references were included covering tiie ]irevious
entrances of the genus-name.
If we accept ma.iinia as the type of Rallina, then Reicheuliach's name I'alls as
an alisolute synonym of Aramides I'uclieran, I'rrue Zool. p. 277 (Is45) — ty(>e
,1. cayanea.
If coneolor be considered as the type, tiien Rallina will displace Amauroliniiias
8harpc {Ball. ihn. Club No. 5. p. xxviii, Is'.Ki), introduced for thai sjiecies
alone.
( 494 )
To re|il;ice RuUina of the Cat. Birds xxiii. p. 74 tlicre appears to be only
one claimant, Kunjzona Uonaparte {Comjites liciuliis xliii. p. ;jll',l, 1850), who
introduced it as of Ueicheubach, mt\x fasciata Raffles as first species and named
as type in the Cat. Birds, loc. cit.
Page 13 : Genns XXXVII. Galliinda Tiinstall, Oriiith. Brit. p. 3 (1771)
vice (ktlliiiula Brisson.
,, „ Genus XXXVIII. Porphi/rio Bonnaterre, Tabl. Ency. Method. Orii.
p. xciv (17'.Hi)
vice Porphi/rio Brisson.
„ 14 : (4onns XLI. Podici'ps Latham, S/t/>/d. (!('i>. Si//i. i. |i. ,".14 (1787)
not Podicipcs Lath, (emend.).
British authors generally have used Podiceps for tlie Grebes, and jnst as
consistently has it been rejected by American writers. The reasons given by the
latter can be best understood by a quotation from a very recent paper on this
subject. Allen {Bull. Amer. M/es. JS'at. Hist. vol. xxiii. p. 2s'.i, 1 Oi »7) stated : " Certain
naturalists, more especially the English, have, however, persistently employed
Coli/mbm for the Loons and other names for tiie Grebes, clearly without good
reason, possibly following Latham, who, in 1787, proposed Podiceps for the Grebes,
and adopted Coh/mbiis (Latham nee Linn.) for the Loons"; on p. 290 he added:
"Latham's 'Genus LXXIX. Podiceps {Cohjmtnis Linn.)' is a substitute name for
Col'piibtis Linnaeus, and consists of what was left of that gronp after the Loons
were removed from it by Brisson. It is therefore an exact synonym of the restricted
genus Colymbus Brisson of the Check List. From the modern point of view,
Latham had no right to reintroduce, on a later jiago, the name Col>/mbu.s (Genus
LXXXVI. Cohjmbus Latham) as a new genus for tlie Loons, after making it a
synonym of his own genus Podiceps, to say nothing of Brisson's having separated
the Loons from ihe Grebes as a distinct genus in 1700, or twenty-seven years
before. According to modern usage in other similar cases, Podiceps has no
standing, being a inire synonym of an earlier genns."
Ujion referring to Latham's work I find tiiat the preceding is obviously a
misinterjiretation of Latham's action.
In the Xth Ed. oi the Si/stc ma 2Ca tit rae (p. 13o) Linne included four species
under his genns Colymbus (Brisson independently introduced Colymbus for the
Grebes : he never subdivided a Tjinncan genus ; lie used the same names as Linne,
often with difl'erent significations, as for instance Meryus, which he used for the
Divers though Linne had ntilized it for the Mergansers). Linne in his Xllth
Edition of the Systema Naturae increased the nuuiber of species under Colymbus
to eleven.
Latham was the first writer to subdivide this genus, and his method was
perfectly legitimate, and moreover ijnite intelligible, lie noted fifteen species,
but separated the Liuuean genus into three, accepting Uria, for the Guillemots,
restricting Cob/mbus io the Divers, and introducing Podiceps for the Grebes. As
he worked with the Liunean system he indicated in brackets the Linnean genus
in the few instances where he made improvements. This is clearly seen as, when
including Sylcia (p. ~S7), Perdix (p. :^00), JS'umenius (p. ~91), and J'lialarojius
(p. 294), he noted against each the Linnean ecpiivalents, Motacilla, Tetrao,
Scolopax, and Trinqa resjiectively. But such can by no means be called substitute
names, as in each case Latham retained the Linnean names for a restricted jiortion
( 495 )
of the Liiuioaii genus. There can be no appeal whatever from Latham's action,
and consequently Podiceps must be used for the Grebes. Latham's division
was endorsed by such non-Englisli ornithologists as Retzins (1800), Bechstein
(18(13), Mcisner (1804), Koch (IslO), Vicillot (1816), (!nvier (1817), Temminck
(1820), Lesson (1828), and Kaup (1^20), to mention only the first names that
come to hand.
In 1829 Kaup {Sltizz. Entw.-Gesch. Sat. Si/sf.) introduced new generic names
as follows: on p. 35 he retained Por/ict'/M for the P. minor group; on ji. 41 lie
projjosed Ih/tt'g for P. coriiidus and arcticm ; on p. 44 Pedetaithi/ia for P. sub-
cristatus ; on p. 49 Proctopus for P. auritus ; and \i. 72 Lophaithyia for P. cristatus.
Here again, though the names cannot be accepted with fnll generic rank, the
method of restriction being correctly employed no subsequent alterations can be
admitted tliat would depreciate Kaup's division. Hence Podiceps must be used
for tlie Dabchicks and P^i/tes for tlie Grebes, the later introduced names being of
only subgeneric value.
Page 14 : Genns XLIL Bi/tes Kaup, S//izz. Entio.-Gesch. Xat. S;/xt. p. 41 (1820)
replaces Lophaitkijia Kaup, loc. cit. p. 72.
„ 15: Genus XLV. Penguinnn Briiunich, Zool. Fund p. 78 (1772) — type
PhaHhon demersiis Linne
replaces Catarractes Brisson.
Penguinus Bninnich.
The consideration of this genns involves a review of the generic names
projjosed for Penguins between 1758 and 1840. In the Si/stcma Naturae, Xth Ed.
1758, two species of Penguin were included by Linne, and, curiously, the same
specific designation was given to each, as they were allotted to different genera,
one being called Diomedei demersa (p. 132), the other Phailthon demersus ([>. 135).
In Zool. Fund. p. 78, 1772, Biiinnich introduced for these two Linnean species
two genera, l'en(/uinus and Splicniscu.i : though diagnoses are fully given no
species are cited ; but (he names are easily referable, the former agreeing witli
Linnes Fhaethon demer.su.'s, the latter covering the Diomedea demersa Linne.
In 1777 8copoIi, in the Intro. Hist. Sat. p. 472, revived Brissou's ('atarrartes,
correctly citing Linue's Pliai-thon demersus as example. Thus Catarractes Scopoli
must fall as an absolute synonym of Penquinus Bninnich. Scopoli then men-
tioned Diomedea, and quoted as example Diomedea, demer.i% L. and as synonym
]'en<iuinH_s Briinnicii. The diagnosis tiiere given and tlie facts do not agree with
these attachments. Scopoli further includes Sjilieniscus Briumich, but does not
give any species, as was natural since he had disposed otherwise of the bird
Briiunich indicated. Scopoli gives accurately the essential feature of Briiiuiich's
genns.
In 177S some plates of birds were drawn by or for J. F. Miller, and two
Penguins are included, but whether these were published at that date is quite
uncertain. They may therefore be neglected. I note them as publication ' would
possibly change the authorship of the genns A/itenoili/fes from Forsler 17sl to
Miller 1778. No other harm woidd be done.
In 1781 the Penguins were e.Nhaustively dealt with by Forster in the Comment.
Qottinq. iii. jip. 121 et .scy., when nine species were enumerated Though previously
• (Boddaert in 1783 quotes some o£ Miller's plates 1}
( 496 )
two goiiera had been in use for only two siiecios, Forster iiuludes ;ill his nine
species nniler one geneiic name, and that a new one, Ajitfiioih/tvg. The first sjiccies
was separated from the remaining eight, and therefore miglit be assumed to be
either typical or atypical ; but, as showing how artificial the separation was, it is
now accepted tliat this first species is identical with one of the other eight.
In ITSfj Scopoli, in the Del. Flor. ft Iuikii. IiikiiI). vol. ii. j). 91, recorded some
Penguins, and, after the fashion of those times, introduced a new generic name,
Ajiteroflita, and also altered the specific names.
Gmelin in the Xlllth Edition of the Si/xtema Naturae, 178S, accepted Forster's
generic name, which he also spelt Apti-iio<l>ftn on the same page (p. So.j). Forstcr
in the Enchiritlion p. 38, 1788, included Aptr/wih/ti's. Latham in the liirkx Oniith.
ii. p. 878, 1700, utilized Forster's name, whilst Bounaterre in the Tabl. Enc. Method.
Ornith. p. Ixxxiv and p. 66, 1791, spelt it Aptenodita and Ajjtenodi/ta.
In 1793 Shaw {Lcreriini Aft/scum p. 144. pi. 35) figured Forster's A. p'tta-
ckonica as the type of a new genus, I'ingitinaria.
In 1796 Miller's plates were published "with Descriptions by George Shaw,"
and though the plates (xxiii, xsxiv, xl, xlix) are lettered as Aptniodi/tes species,
the text (pp. 45, 67, 78, and 92) calls them Pixguinaria species.
From the jirecoding it will be seen that no one attempted to classify the
Penguins or to subdivide Forster's genus, but simply to replace older names with
their own.
Lacejiede in 1799 (7«i/. Oiseatu-, p. 14) had only recognized Aptrnodi/tt's, as did
lUiger {Prodromui p. 285) in 1811. The first autlior I have discovered to sub-
divide Aptenodijtes is Vieillot {Anah/se p. 67, 1816), wlio indicated a new genus,
Eiidi/ptcs, covering two sections, typified by Manchot des Hottentots (= D. demersa
Linne) and Sauteur, Enffon.
Aptenodipi'.i restricted he exemplified by Ajit. impna (tiu. Lath. Endijptes is
shown to be a misprint on p. 70 for Eudi/ptca.
Shonld not .1. papua be recognized as the typo of Aptenodi/tes? I do not see
how any other species can be chosen.
In 1817 t'nvier {linjiie Aidmal vol. i. ji. 512, 1M7) ^\\\\i\i}\ Apteiwdi/tes \nU)
three, restricting Aptenodi/tes to species like pataxjonica Gm., and reviving Catar-
rhactes (ex Brisson) for chnjsocoma Gm. and Spliciiiscus (ex Brisson) for demersa
Gm. Therefore Catarrhactes Cuv. equals Peiiguinus Briinn., and Spheniscus Cnv.
is the same as Sphcniitciis Briinn.
In ls20 Temrainck (^[fn^. Oniitli. vol. i. pp. cxii, cxiii, ls2ii) retained Aptc-
iwdijtex for the patachonica group and Sphem!<rii.s (ex l>risson) for 1>. drmersa
Linne, classing therewith A. minor Forster.
In 1826 Stephens (Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. xiii. pt. 1. pp. 54 et gcrj.) introduces
a further complication, by restricting Aptcnodi/tes to the patagonica species and
utilizing Sphfiiiscus for the I), demersa group, and then proposing a new genus,
Clin/ifocoma, for the unallotted species. As his first species of this latter group
is r/(;v/.'(w-o/«e Forstcr, by tantonyray it is acceiited as type, and hence Cliri/.soroma
becomes an absolnte synonym of Pengiiinn.H.
Lesson, Manuel dUkiutli. ii. p. '-Wr, (182«), accepted ('uvier's divisions,
designating Aptenodijtes demersa Gm. as type of ,Sp/icni.%-us Brisson, Cnvier ;
and .1. palnffonica Gm. as type of Aptei>od>/tes Forster.
In 1832 Wagler (/.s/.s p. 281, 1832) created iuiother new genus, Pi/go.-<relis, for
the species Aptenodijtes papua Forster.
(497 )
This fairly reviews the state of affairs at 1840, when Gray {fJst Gen. Birds
p. 77) typified the various geoera previously proposed. Omitting all reference to
Penguiims Biiinnich, Apterodita Scopoli, or Chrtjsocoma Ste[)hens, he accei)ted four
genera as follows : —
Spliciiiscas Briss. Type <S'. demersus (L.) Tenim.
Ei(di/ptes Vieill. „ E. chnjsocoine (Forster) Vieill.
Pi/goscdis Wagl. „ P. papua (Forster) Wagl.
ApUnodytei Forster. ,, A. pntnchonica (Forster).
If this action be allowed to overrule Vieillot's disposition, which seems to be
a matter for more consideration, we arrive at the foliowiug : —
Peiigiiinas Briinnicb, 1772. Type Pit- demersi/s Linne.
The synonymy includes Catarractes Scopoli, 1777; Eudi/ptes Vieill., 181(5;
Chri/goroma .Stephens, 1826.
Spheniscus Briinnich, 1772. Type D. demersa Linne.
Tills is Sphenisciis of Brissou and most recent authors.
AptcHodijtes Forster, 1781. Type A. patacho/iicd Forster.
As synonyms may be noted Apterodita'&co^oW, 178G ; Pii/guinaria Shaw, 1793.
I'l/goscelis Wagler, 1832. Type A. papua Forster.
This arrangement only necessitates the introduction of Pengiiinus Briiunich
vice Catarractes Brisson into the nomenclature as at present generally accepted.
Recognition of Vieillot's separation will incur many other changes, and, if necessary,
these must be made at once.
Page 10 : Genus LI. Puffiitus Cuvier, Regne Animal p. 510. vol. 1. (1817)
vice Pt(ffinas Brisson.
„ 17 : Genus LV. Procellaria Linne, Si/stema Xaturae Xth Ed. p. 131 (1758) — ■
type, by designation of Gray, 1840, p. 78, P. aeqninoctialis L.
replaces Majaqtieus Reichenbacli, 1852.
,, 19: Species 114. Diomedea chri/sostoma Forster, Mem. Math. Pligs. prfis.
rAcad. Koij. Set. (Faris) vol. x. p. 571. pi. xiv (1785)
replaces J>. culminata Gould (the genus 'ihalasaogcron cannot stand).
,, „ Species 117. Phoebetria palpebrata Forst., Mem. Math. Plnjs. pres.
I' Acad. Rog. Sci. (Paris) vol. x. p. 571. pi. xv (1785)
replaces P. cornicoides Huttou (Forster's figure examined).
„ 20: Species 119. Ugf/rochrl/do/i leacopareia CSatt. \><'M)
antedates //. hgbrida (Pall. 1827), and the Australian form must be
called 77. leucopareia jluviatilis Gould.
„ „ Species 120. Gelochelidon macrotarm Gould for tlie Australian bird, and
G. nilotica Gm. (1789)
re]ilai:e G. anglica Mont. (1813).
„ ,, Species 121. llgdroprogne caspia Pallas, Nor. Comm. Petrop. vol. xiv.
lit. i. 17G0-70, p. 582. pi. xxii. fig. 2
vice J I. ca.fpia Mont.
In the Amer.'O. L'. Chech Li.tt 3rd Ed. I9li) Thalas.i.eas Boie has been accepted
instead of Hydroprogne, but clearly the matter requires reconsideration. I make
out the claim of llgdroprogne to stand as follows: Thala,<ii<iiti>t was introduced by
Boie in the Isiis 1822 p. 503 for three species, ca.spia, cantiaca, and anglica. Kaup
32
( 498 )
in Skizz. Entic.-Gesck. Xat. Si/st. 1829 proposed new ireneric names: on p. 'il
Actochelidon for Sterna cantiaca; Ilijdroproyne on p. 1(1 for Sterna raspia and
aranea {anglica) ; and on p. 97 gave Thalassaea with Sterna Dougalli as only
species. Inasmuch as he thns ty])ified Tliahixxni'ii (= 7'/ri/nssi'».s) by a species not
inclnded in the original list his action cannot be accepted.
Brebm in the Isis 183U p. 994, ignoring Kanp's action, divided Bote's genus
into three, restricting Tltalassetis to Sterna cantiaca, and inventing S>/loclieli(lon
for Sterna caspia and Gelochelidon for Sterna anglica. Tiie i'ullciwing year in the
Vogel Deutscklnnds p]). 707 et seq. Brehm fully described these genera, and abso-
lutely settled the matter as regarding the type of Thalasseus. In 1840 Gray
endorsed Brehm's action by selecting cantiaca as type of Tludasseus Boie. At
the same time he noted Brehm's Si/lochelidon, but did not know of Kanji's work.
In 185.J Gray changed the t}peof Tludasseus to fre.fyy/a, synonymizing lli/droprogne
Kanp, and then accepting Actochelidon Kaup as typified by cantiaca. But there
was no valid reason for such alteration, Gray's first action being quite legal, and,
considering Brehm's work, the only course open to him. Moreover, Heichenbach in
1852 (Naturl. Sgst. Vogel p. v, 1852) indicated cantiaca as the type of Thalasseua.
Page 21 : Species 128. Sterna fuscata Linne, Sgst. Xat. Xllth Ed. ji. 228 (1700)
replaces Sterna fidtginosa. Gm. 1788.
„ 22 : Genus LXXVI. Catliarncta Briinnich, Orn. Bori'al. 1704. p. 32
replaces Megalestris Bonap. 1850.
The case of Catharacta versus Megalestris has been argued by J. A. Allen
{Auk vol. xxi. p. 345, 1904), who decided in favour of tlie latter. Allen rejected
Catharacta on account of a prior Catarractcs of Brisson. As Brisson was a non-
binomial author his name has no standing in scientific nomenclature. Briinnich's
first species was Catharacta skua ; his figured species was C. ce/jphus = Larus
parasiticus L. Allen argued that the latter species should be taken as type, bnt
the former was accepted by Linne in tiie Xllth Ed. Sgstema Satarue as Larus
catarractes, and hence " by virtual tantouymy " might be regarded as tyjie.
However, Gray in 1840 designated Catarracta skua as type of Catarracta, whicii
genus, as was his wont, he assigned to Ray. I would agree to Gray's action, as by
means of it we can preserve Stercorai-iua for the birds typified by Larus parasiticus
by taking SchaefFer's introduction of that genus. Schaeifer utilized it for Larus
parasiticus alone, following Linne in referring catarractes to L^arus.
Page 22: Genus LXXVII. Stercorarius Sciiaeffer, Mus. Ornith. 1789. p. 02
vice Stercorarius Brisson.
„ „ Species 142. iS'^. parasiticus Linn6, Sgst. Sat. ed. x. p. 130 (1758)
replaces St. crepidatus Banks, 1773.
,, 23: Genus LXXVllL .Wwv'/ie^Za Meyer und Wolf, Tuschm/i. d. Vogel p. 383
note (I&IO)
replaces Arenaria Brisson.
„ 24 : Genus LXXXllI. Sipmtarola Cuvier, Rcgne Animal i. ]). 407 (1817)
vice Squatarola Leach.
„ „ Species 150. The specific «i/«ata/Y»/" L. 1758. p. 149
rei)liices hdretica L. 1706.
„ 25 : Genus LXXXVlll. Himantopus bonnate.re, 'i'abl. En\ Meth. Ornith.
pp. Ixxxii iV 24 (1790)
vice Himantopus Bn.>son.
( '!99 )
Page 2(1 : Genus XCI. JS"i/mciiii(-i BrunMic:li, XooL FkiuI. y. 76 (I7T2)
vice Nnmenins Brissoii.
„ „ Genus X(;iII. Limos% Schaeffer, .1//as-, Omith. p. 52 (1789)
vice Limnsn Brisson.
,, „ Species 107. L baueri Naumanu, Vogel Deutschl. viii. p. 429 (1836)
replaces L. votaezealandine Gray.
„ 27 : Genus XCVli. ActM&* llliger, Pro'dromm p. 262 (1811)
replaces Tringoides Bonaparte, 1831.
„ „ Genns CIl. Arenaria Bechst.(not Brisson), 0/■«/7/^ Taschenh.yi. 402a (1803)
rej)Iaces Calidns llliger, 1811.
„ ,, Species 178. The species name leucophaea Pallas in Vroegs Catal. p. 32.
1704
replaces arenaria Linne, 1766.
„ 28: Geuns GUI. The reference given here is incorrect: it should read
Lonnberg, J../..0. 1906. i)p. 531-3.
„ ,, Genus (JV. Erolia Vieillot, Aitalgse p. 55 (1816)
replaces Anci/loclieilus Kaup, 1829.
,, ,, Species 182. The species name /erruginea Briinnicb, Oni. Boreal, p. 53
(1764)
antedates subarijuatuif Giildeust.
„ „ Genus GVII. Gallinago Koch, Die Silugthiere p. 312 (1816)
vice Gallinago Leach.
„ 29 : Genus GXI. Trachelia Scopoli, Annus I, Hist. Nat. p. 110 (1769)
rejilnces (Jlareola Brisson.
„ 30 : Genus CXVl. Ibin Lacepede, Tabl. Oiseait.c p. 18 (1799)
vice Ibis Cuvier, 1817.
„ „ Antigone rubicunda Perr}', Arcana, June 1810
antedates A. ai/.ttralasiana (Gould).
„ 31 : Genus CXVIII. Egatheus Billberg, Sgn. Faunae Scand. i. p. 166 (1828)
replaces Plegadis Kaup.
„ 32 : Genus GXXVI. 'Egretta Forster, Sgn. Cat. Brit. Birds p. 59 (1817)
replaces Garzetta Kanp, 1829.
„ 33 : Genns GXXVllI. Sgcticorax Forster, Sgn. Cat. Brit. Birds p. 59 (1817)
vice Ngctico)Xt.v Rafiuesque.
„ „ Genus CXXX. Lvobrgchus Billberg, Sgn. Faunae Scand. i. p. 166 (1828)
replaces Ardetta Gray, 1842.
„ „ Genus CXXXIl. 7io^«(«-«.s Stei)heus, in Shaw's General Zoo/ogg \o\. x\.
part ii. p. 592 (1819)
vice Botaurus Brisson.
„ 30 : Genus GXLVII. Ngroca Fleming, Philo-i. Zonl. ii. p. 260 (1822)
rej)laces Agtlign. Boie (preoccupied).!
„ 37 : Genus GL. Carbo Lacepede, Tableau Oiseaux \i. 15 (1799)
replaces I'lialacrocora-v of Brisson.
• Actitis llliger (P mil rum us p. 2G2, ISU) was introduce'! for ;i number of .species, one of wliicli was
hi/j)(ili-iici's I.. In llie Isis p. Slil), 1S22, Boie only iucluiled this species under .IcUtis, placing the other
meraliers of lUiger's genus in other gent-r.a. Consequently this can be considered as restriction, and thus
tii/jfolritcott becomes the type of Actitis llliger. IJonaparte in the Oiortiah Arradi-o vol. lii. p. 57, 18;tl,
proposed TrhujoUis a< a substitute for " Aciilit lioie nee 111 " As Hole's genus »as part of Illiger's I do
not accept lionaparte's name.
t Cf. Liiapiez. Diet. Class, d'llitt. Xat. i. p. 12S (1822), and Stone, Auh I'.OT, p, IIKI.
( 500 )
Pnge 38 : Gemis CLII. Su/a Scopoli, Jiifro. IIi.-<t. Xat. ]>. 474 (ITTT)
vice Sula Biisson.
„ „ Genus CLIII. Fregata Lac^pede, Tableau (lisi'aiir ]>. 15 (1790)
vice Fri'ijatn Brisson.
„ 40 : Gcmis CLVIII. Xisus L;\C(.'j)t'de, Tableau Oiseaur p. 4 (17'.i9)
replaces Accijjtter BrissoQ.
There need be no sentiment with regard to tlie rejei^tion of Accipiter. Brisson
introdnced two genera tor tiie Falconidae, \\z. Arju/la iind Accipiter, whilst Liune
classed all under Falco. Inasmuch as Brisson did not recognize LinnS's genus, his
names cannot be accepted as constituting a subdivision of the Linneau geuiis. The
first use I have traced of Acei/jifer in binomial nomenclature is that of S. G.
Gmelin in the Xov. Comm. Acad. Petrop. vol. xv. p. 430, 1771, when three
species are named, none of which are referable to Accipiter (auct.). The first
disintegration of tiie Linnean Falco was made by Lac^pede, who divided it into
seven genera — Aquila, Asfur, J\7««.v, Bnteo, Circus, Milrus, and Falco: these genera
had previously been many times indicated as sections bnt no sectional names
correctly introduced. The researches of Mr. C. Davies Sherborn have proved the
valid introduction of these names in 1790, and as species were added almost
immediately {Natural Science, }>. 4o6, 1809), there can be no disputing the
accejitability of Lacepede's divisions. Circus and Axtur are already commonly
recognized as of Lacepede, as noted in my Handlist, p. 30, Genera CLVI. and
CLVII.
Tage 44 : Genus CLXXV. T/to Billberg, Sijn. Faunae Scund. i. tab. A (1828)
replaces iStrix (auctorum, non Linne 1758 I)
In the Amer. 0. U. Check List, 3rd Ed. 1910, Aluco Fleming, 1822, is chosen
to replace the name Strix now generally in use for the Barn Owls. That name,
however, is preoccupied by Link, Besch. Natarl. Samml. p. 130 (1807), for a genus
of Molluscs I The ne.Kt name in order appears to be Ti/to of Billberg as given
above. Billberg, iu 1820, had previously proposed Ti/ta for a genus of Insects,
so that some may consider the name Ti/to preoccupied. In that case Ihjbris
Nitzsch (Sijat. Pteryl. p. 100, 1840) would have a claim.
Page 47 : Licmetis tenuirostris Kuhl, Consji. Psitt. p. 88 (1820)
replaces L. nasica Temminck.
,, 48 : Pohjtelis nnthopeplus Vigors in Lear's Man. Psitf. pt. 8, October 1, 1.831
replaces P. melanura id., ib. pt. 12, 1832.
„ 40 : Platijccrcus hrowni Kuhl, Consp. Pxitt. p. 5() (1820)
replaces P . jiaviventris Temminck.
„ ,, Plati/cercus renustus Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. \\ 52 (1820)
replaces /'. broirni Temminck.
,, 51 : yeophema cliri/sostoma Knhl, Consp. Pxitt. \>. 50 (1820)
replaces X venusta Temminck.
„ 50: Genus CCXIII. Collocalia Gray, List (icnera llin/.'< p. 8 (l84n)
replaces " Salamjana Thumb."
(Cf Richmond, Proc. C. S. Xat. .Mu.s. .\.\xv. p. 040, 1008.)
„■ „ Genus C'C'XV. Apus Scopoli, Intro. Ili.st. Xat. p. 483 (1777)
replaces Ci/p.ielus Uligcr, 1811.
If Apus Scopoli be cousidered jireoccupied by Apos, introduced earlier iu the
( ■^"1 )
same work by the same writer, theu Micropus Meyer uud Wolf (l.sloj still ante-
dates Cypselm Illiger, 1811.
Page GO: Genus OCXXVI. Chelidon, Forster, %«. Cat. Brit. Birds p. IT (1817)
replaces Hirundo (auct.).
„ To : Acarithira archibaldi
replaces .1. magniro^triti Campbell (not Gonkl).
,, 10:2 : Muniu Jiuviprjpnna
replaces M. xantkopnjmna.
„ 1U3 : Pocitliila atropygialis
replaces /'. iiiyrotecta.
The followiDg list contaias names which appear to be first introduced into
binomial aomeuclatnre at the place given, and I am recording them for the sake of
criticism.
Briinnich in the Zool. Fund., ITT'2, gave diagnoses of some ninety-two genera,
and lience many " Brissonian genera" can be utilized as of this place, as Briinnich
mainly followed Brisson. Scopoli, in the Intro. Hi.it. Nat. 1T77, also noted some
ninety-two names, but he used side by side the different names given by Brisson
and Linne to similar groups, so that a disturbing factor is here mat with. Scbaeffcir,
in the Elem. Ornith. Icon. 1TT4, and 2nd Ed. 1TT9, reproduced the Brissonian
classification, but in these works he was not binomial ; in the Mm. Oniithol. 1T89
he still followed the Brissonian scheme but adopted biuoraiality; he applied the
sy.stem most consistently, as out of two hundred and twenty-nin' species recorded,
in only seven instances are other than binomials nscd. This work must therefore be
accepted, and through it other Brissonian names gain a valid introduction. A few
other Brissonian generic names were binominally used by such writers as Pallas,
S. G. Gmelin, Boddaert, etc., and as a conscjuence few of the " Brissonian genera "
need alteration save as to the authority.
Anser Palliis, Spic. Zool. (R) p. 21 (1T69)
vice Anscr Brisson.
Aquila S. G. Gmelin, yoi: Comm. Petrop. vol. xv. \\. 44.5 (ITTl)
vice Aquila Brisson.
Asio 8chaeffer, Mus. Ornith. p. Id (ITS!))
vice Agio Briss')n.
Cardueli.H Schaeffer, Mus. Ornith. p. 23 (ITS'J)
vice Ciirduslis Brisson. This name also antedates Acunthis Borkhansen,
1T9T.
Ciconia Briinn., Zool. Fund. p. 74 (1772)
vice Ciconia Brisson.
Coccothraustes Schaeffer, Mus. Ornith. p. 28 (1789)
vice Coccothraustes Brisson.
Coliiis Briinn., Zool. Fund. p. 90 (1772)
vice Coli/is Brisson.
Corrira Briinn., Zool. Fund. p. 72 (1772)
vice Corrira Brisson.
Cotinga Boddaert, Tabl. i'l. cnlum. p. 14 (1783)
vice Cotinga Brisson.
Curvirostru Scopoli, Intro. Hist. Xnt. p. \xn (1777)
appears to have a prior right to l.oxia Linn. (auct.).
( 502 )
In the place quoted JScopoli separated Loxia cuirirostia L. with tlie generic, ap-
])ellation above given. As he retained Loxia (p. 483) for the other species his action
seemed unassailable. In tiie Bull. Amer. Mus Xot. ///.^•^ vol. xxiii. p. 35'i, 11)07,
Allen wrote : " Type (of Loxia) by restriction Loxia ciin:iros/ra, the tirst species."
In the -next volume (p. 3G), recognizing his error, he dainii'd it a-s designated by
(Jray, 1840, and it is thns accepted in the Amer. 0. U. Clie;li List 1910. Allen,
however, noted " Brehin (1827) had founded Ciirrirostra for the (Crossbills, of
which L. rurvii-osfrn is tyjie by tautoMviuy." Scopoli's fifty-yoar-])rior introduc-
tion, legitimately made, seems to nullify all later action with regard to the fixation
of L. eurcirostra as type of Loxia. As a matter of historical interest, Daudin,
Traife (rOrnith. ii. p. 355 (ISOO), and Forster, S;/ii. Cat. Biif. B p. 10 (1817), had
both correctly proposed Cniciroslra for the Crossbills prior to Brehm's Ciirriroatra
(1827). There appears to be no other course legally open save the recognition of
Scopoli's genns for the gronp of Ijoxia cxrvirostra Linnd*
Fratermla Schaeffer, Mag. Ornith. p. 61 (1780)
vice Fratercula Brisson.
Gamdiis Schaeffer, .Va.3. OriiilL p. 14 (1789)
vice Ganidus Brissou.
Geloclielidoii nilotira Gm., Si/st. Xat. i. p. (50 i (1789)
replaces G. a?ylica Mont. (1813).
Lagopus Schaeffer, Mus. Ornith. p. 2 (1789)
vice JAtijopus Brisson.
Manacus Pallas, Spic. Zool. (0) p. 21 (1769)
vice Manacus Brissou.
Momotus Briinnich, Zool. Fund. p. 84 (1772)
vice Momotus Brisson.
Sucifraya Schaeffer, Mas. Ornith. ji. 14 (1789)
vice JS'uciJraga. Brisson.
Megalornis Gray, List Genera of Birds 2nd Ed. p. 85 (1841)
must replace Grus (auct.), not of Pallas 17(i6.
In the Amer. 0. U. Check LJst 3rd Ed. 1910, Gras has been daringly retained
as of Pallas 1766, and the type is given as, by tautonymy, Ardea grus Linne. If
this can be recognized, why should there have been any discussion regarding Stri.i:
Linne, 1758, and its type? As shown by Allen himself, Bull. Amer. 2hs. Nat.
Ilist. xxiii. ]). 313, 1907, Grus Pallas, 1766, is an absolute synonym of Vsophia
Linne, 1758. Pallas in Misc. Zool. p. 66, 1766, introduced Grus with relation
to P Sophia crepitans L. : in Spic. Zool. (4) p. 1, 1767, he again referred to it in the
same connection. In 1773 Pallas (lieise Prov. Russ. 7iV/(?A.f ii. p. 714) inti'odnced
a new species of Grus, which is now the type of Leucogeranns.
Gray recognized the truth in 1841, and correctly synonymizing Grus Pallas
with Psophia Linne, proposed iLcgalornis for the sjiecies typified by Ardea grus
Linne.
* 'J'his note of Mr. Matlit'w.s i.s of interest as it brings to liglit Scopoli's name Cumroalm 1777. If
tlic inetliod of elimination alone is iiscil, Ciimrostra must indeed replace Luria avntorum. Mr. Mathews
is quitj right in saying that Ctirrirnstra oi Forster and Cuvier is older than Ciirvhumtra oE Brchm, and that
all these antedate Grav's designation of ISIO. On the other hand, /v. vitrvirostra is the type of Loj-iii
l)y the rule of tautonymy, the name of the genus being like the synonym of one of its species and
evidently based upon that name. — If this course is followed here, terrible confusion will be avoided.
I cannot, however, agree that "general consent," as Dr. Allen says (Jhilf. Amt'r. Mii.-(. xxiii. p. ;15*>), has
anything to do with our decision. — E. il.
( 503 )
Passer Schneffer, M/i><. Onnfli. \\ 'U (ITsO)
vice Passer Brissoii.
Perdix S. G. Grmelin, Sov. Coii/m. Arnd. Petrop. xv. p. 448 (1771)
vice PerJix Brisson.
Pkalaropus Briimiicb, Zool. FiiiuL \\. 72 (1772)
vice I'liala.ropus Brisson.
Pica Scbaeffer, Mas. Ornitli. p. 13 (1780)
vice Pica Brisson.
Pyrrkida Schaefil'er, Mus. Ormtli. p. 30 (1789)
vice Piirrhnhi Brisson.
Spheniscus Briinnich, Zool. Fund. ]>. 78 (1772)
vice Spheniscus Brisson.
Scops Briintiich, Zool. Fund. \\ 74 (1772)
vice Scopus Brisson.
T/ialasseus Boie, dsis p. 003 (1822)
replaces Actochelidoii Kanp, 1829.
Tartar Boddaert, Tahl. Planches Enlam. p. 10 (1783)
re{)laces ('halcopelia Bonap., 1857.
and Streptopelia Bonap., Consp. Ai: ii. p. 63 (1857)
rejjlaces Tartar Selby, 1835, not Boddaert 1783.
At the jjlace quoted Boddaert gives the following: "PI. IfJO. Tourterelle dii
Senegal. Bnff. vi. p. 304. Briss., Ornith. i. p. 122. pl. x. fig. 1. Tartar a/ra Linu.
104. 34."
Linne's Colamba ufra wa.s fonnded npon Brisson's bird. The acceptance of
Boddaert's work necessitates the above alterations.
Vria Briinnich, Orn. Boreal, p. 27 (1764)
vice Uria Brisson.
Vanellus SchaefFer, Mus. Ornith. p. 49 (1789)
vice Vanellas Brisson.
Vai/inalis Gmelin, Si/.it. Sat. Xllltii Ed. vol. i. p. 705 (1788)
should ri'place Chionis Forster, 1788.
This is a most curious instance of jierversity in the choice of generic names.
Forster in the Enchiridion 1788 gave diagnoses of genera only: eighty-one names
iu all, of which only three were new. Of even date Graelin proposed new generic
names for two of tliese, with good definitions and sjiecies cited. Ijegally both of
Gmelin's genera have priority, but one lias been accepted, the other rejected, though
the conditions are absolutely identical iu each case. Moreover, in this case there
is a prior Chion (Scopoli, Intro. Hist. Sat. p. 398, 1777), whicli may be considered
by some authorities to preoccupy Chionis.
1 am indebted to Mr. Tom Iredale for much help witli the foregoing work.
( 504 )
NOTES ON MELIOENIS NOVAEHOLLANBIAE
NOVAEHOLLANDIAE AND 31. N. BIEMENENSIS.
Br GREGORY M. MATHEWS.
IN a collection of skins fioni New Sontli Wales sent me by luy friend Dr. J.
Barton Cleland 1 notice a change in the colour of the iris from the
" cafe-an-lait " colour of the immature male, first into greyish white, then to
a white very faintly tinged with grey (in a male with small testes), and finally
to enamel-white in a fully adult male with enlarged testes.
All the fully adults have quite white iris.
It is also interesting to note that a specimen of Zosterops caeruleseens in full
breeding plumage was obtained in June, /.c. in the Australian winter.
Description of the Eggs of
Meliornis novaehoUandiae diemeneusis Mathews.
Clutch three. Shape roundish, surface slightly glossy. Ground-colour buff,
with a tinge of pink; at the larger end a band of reddish spots with fewer grey-
brown ones. Axis 19'5, diameter lo'o mm.
NOTES ON ABCTIANAE AND DESCRIPTIONS OF A EEW
NEW SPECIES.
Bv THE Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
1. Automolis schistaceus sp. nov.
(?. This is nearest to -I. anie.vaca Uothsch. Pectus slate-grey with steel-green
gloss ; jialpi black with steel-green gloss ; head and antennae black ; tegulae and
shoulder-jiatches buffy yellow ; rest of patagia and thorax slate-grey ; first two
segments of abdomen dark butfy yellow, rest of abdomen blackish slate, a paler
grey j)atch on terminal and subtorminal segments. Forewiug slate-grey, a
buffy yellow transverse band reaches from the costa to inner margin across centre
of cell expanding towards inner margin. Iliudwing, basal two-fifths buft'y yellow,
apical three-fifths slate-grey.
Length of forewiug : 'M — 2:i mm.
llab. San Esteban, Venezuela, June I'JU'.i (S. M. Klages).
2 <?<?.
2. Automolis tanialoides sp. nov.
c?. Very close to Uiniahi Schaus and Intitnia Druce. Legs orange-yellow,
forecoxae orange-yellow, middle and hindcoxae earth-brown ; palpi orange-yellow :
head black, metallic blue sjjots on frons and vertex, spots at base of antennae and
band across frons orauge-vcllow ; tegnlae orange with broad sooty black lateral
( 505 )
margins ; ]ia,tagia and tliorax orange, latter with broad central sooty stripe ; abdomen
black, dorsal and subdorsal metallic bine jiatclies on last four segments, large
latero-snbdorsal patches of orange on second segment and smaller ones on third ;
antennae black. Forewing orange, a wide brown-black marginal band expanding
broadly at terraen and narrowing sharply from centre to base of inner margin.
Hindwing, costal half orange, lower lialf brown-black.
Length of forewiug : 20'5 mm.
Hah. San Esteban, Venezuela, Jane 1909 (S. M. Klages).
5 3S.
With this new species came 25 cJcJ of .1. latania Drnce.
3. Automolis pseudoguapisa sp. nov.
?. Closely allied to (jaa/iisa Schans. Pectns and coxae metallic blue; palpi
brown-black ; legs, tarsi orange, tibiae brown-black ; bead black, blue spots on
frons and vertex, minute orange spots at base of antennae ; antennae black ;
tegulae and jiatagia orange with broad brown-black borders ; thorax brown-black ;
abdomen Idack with dorsal and lateral blue ])atche5, underside of abdomen black
witli subdorsal orange patches ou first three segments. Forewing dark purple-
brown, nervnres pale earth-brown, an oblique orange streak from base of vein 1
to base of vein 2 and a very indistinct orange-brown patcdi between veins 5 and 6-
Hindwing deep pnrple-brovvn, an orange rather narrow band runs from base of wing
through cell two-thirds across the wing.
i. Pectus deep blue ; forelegs, tarsi and tibiae orange, coxae black-brown
with orange patch on inner side at base ; palpi and antennae black-brown ; head
black, a bine patcli on frous and vertex, orange spot at base of antennae larger
than in ?, tegnlae and patagia more orange, i.e. with narrower dark borders;
abdomen with subdorsal yellow patches, which in two specimens are almost
obsolete. Forewing dark purple-brown with yellowish nervnres, an orange
obliipie band crosses the wing from just before base of vein 1 to middle of vein 6.
Hindwing, costal half dark yellow with central dark stigma, tornal half dark brown.
Length of forewing: ? 23-5 mm. ; 3 17 — 22 mm.
Uab. San Esteban, Venezuela, June 1909 (S. M. Klages).
10 ^^,2 ? ? (? type).
4. Neritos syntomoides sp. nov.
cj. This remarkable little insect is almost an exact mimic of the Syntomid
Loxophkhia hemileuca Butl. Pectus, coxae and tibiae pale yellow ; tarsi pale
brown; jialpi brown ; head black; shoulder-patches orange, rest of thorax black;
abdomen deep orange, last segment black; antennae brown tipped with white. •
Forewing black, a large ovate orange patch below cell reaching from median
nervure to inner margin, a white wedge-shaped patch in cell, and a large buff
patch beyond cell reaching from vein 3 to subcostal nervure ; termeu narrowly
white. Hindwing, basal two-tiiirds orange, marginal tliird black.
Length of forewiug : 125 mm.
Uab. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, .lune 1005 (S. M. Klages).
1 c?.
Li my former articles on .\rcfiuiiae 1 described two insects as llaliaidota
wallieri and //. ivalkeri major. II. waUieri is true cuteimlata Hiibn. The origin of
33
( 506 )
this error was that the inscot which has stood in most collections, my own included,
as cutenulata HUbn. is texta Herr. Schiifl'., which latter Sir George Hami)son put
as a synonym of catenuluta Hiibn. but which is a perfectly distinct sjiecies. The
<? of my icalki'ri major is a good sjjecies and must stand as Haliaidota major
Rothsch., bnt the ? I associated with it is a ? of a/uu/losa AValk.
I unforfnnately identified a wrong insect as Ilalisulofa amirolepia Dogn., and
so redescribed the true aiHlrolejjia as sobrenoidi's. I here describe what I had under
the name of androlepia as :
0. Halisidota dognini sp. nov.
<?. Legs orange-buff ringed with brown ; pectus buff; palpi orange-buff, extreme
tip of third segment brown; head orange-buff; antennae jjale brown; thorax
orangc-bnif with black dots on tegulae and patagia; abdomen bufi' washed with
a darker shade. Forewing deep orange-bufi", nervnres orange, the whole wing
sown vrith dark brown dots and spots, a quadrate dark brown patch in cell and a
larger irregular one on discocellulars. Hindwing semibyaline buff.
? . Similar but larger.
Length of forewing : $ 25 ram. ; ? 2s mm.
Hah. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, Peru, Oikki ft., wet season, January 1002
<G. R. Ockenden).
A small series of i i and ? ? .
My Diacrisia pseudomaenas is the true renosa Moore; the insect called renosa
in the British Mi(seinn Catalognc is I), la-xrica Hmpsn. nom. nov.
Automolis hyalina Rothsch. belongs to the genns Antaxia.
Automolis collaterally Rothsch. nee Hmpsn. = Automolis maura Schaus.
Tichnocampa. pellmida Rothsch. = Microdota lenisfriata Dogn.
Ilijpoiierita horealis Rothsch. = Seritos tipolis Druce.
Mallocephala venosa Rothsch. = <? of Maenas surge/is Walk.
Haemanota cubana Rothsch. = Neritos sangiddorsia Schaus.
( 507 )
A NEW FORM OF ATTACUS.
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pii.D.
Attacus dohertyi wardi snbsp. nov.
Differs from .1. rl. doherti/i h\ the vitreous wing-patches being rounded on the
inner side ; b}' the absence of a pale patch on forewing bej-ond the vitreous patch ;
by the red streak in apex of forewing between veins 5 and fi being only 5 mm.
instead of 14 mm. long; in the submargiual line of hindwing being purple and
not black, and in the patches behind the snbmarginal line on nnderside of hindwing
being almost absent ; it is also mnch smaller.
Length of forewing : cJ 86 mm.; ? 95—102 mm.
Hab. Port Darwin, N.W. Australia (F. P. Dodd).
1 c? (type) and 1 ? in the British Museum ; 1 S and 1 ? in the Tring
Museum.
This insect is named after the son of the Earl of Dudley, who presented the
type to the British Museum.
The female in the British JIuseum is paler and more yellowish than my
specimen of that sex.
ECUADOR
Wilh. Niepelt, Zirlau bei Freiburg-, Schlesien, Germany,
(Iffers the following Lepidoptera in best condition. Prices given are net and in sliillings,
and where no mention is made tlie (J is to be understood. Species shown with an asterisk
are only of medium <iuality. Discount given on larger orders, and lots .sent on approval
if required.
Papilio epenetus J* 5, ? 7, philetas 7, latinus 1, crassus 1/6, pausanius 2,
bimaciilatus J ? 3, calogyna (J ? 5, Euryl. anatmus 4, Lacydes 2, 6, trapeza 6,
*bolivar c? ? I-'', zestos 2, zagreus 7, tlavomaculata 2, thyastinus 4, callius (columlms) 4,
dolicaon IjG, Heliconius (rarest and most superb species), priniularius 2/6, *alithea 6,
attliis 2/6, *i)eruviana 5, cyrbia 2/6, *hygiana 2, hierax 6, *plesseni 0, *notabilis 6.
pura 10, rul>icunda 10, Kassandra 1."), Tith. Kassandrina 6, Panacea regina 2, Bathes.
*hypoxantha 6, sup. 9, Caton. hewitsonii 4, Callith. oiitima 4, hewitsonii :), Anaea
nessu.s 1/6, Sidei'. mars 5, conHuens fi, Coenopl. archidona 20, Polyger. cyauea 7/6
Agrias lugens 16, Morpho menelaus 4, *10, *rhetenorcacica 20, melacheilus 4, 6, deidamia
4, *6, Peleid. maculata 3, achilles 2, 4, Caligo idomenides 7, *phorbas cJ S, ? 10, *placi-
dianus 9, philademus ^ 7, ? 8, atlas 10, zeuxipiuis 6, Antirrhaea avernus 4, 6, Thecla
coronata *(J 4/6 (most magnificent and largest of all Theclas), Ca.stnia *papilionaria 15.
W. NIEPELT,
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Entomological Cabinet-maker and workshop for entomological requisites,
solicits orders for the furnishing of all kinds of cases, etc., for collections.
MAKER TO THE TKIXG MUSEUM.
Prwe Lists sent free on application.
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
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BY THE
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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H journal of ZooioQ^^.
EDITED BY
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No. 4.
Titlb-Page, Contents, and Index
Plates XI.— XV.
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Vol. XVII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK
EDITED BT
WAITER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. IV.
INDEX TO VOLUME XVII 509—551
(TITLE-PAGE, CONTENTS, AND PLATES XL— XV. WITH THEIR
EXPLANATIONS.)
( 509 )
INDEX.
nbdominalis (Antaxia), II.
— (Automcris), 475.
— (Neritos), 72.
— (Stenarctia), 175.
aberrans (Eupsodosoina), 12.
Acantharctia, 155, 156.
Acanthira, 501.
Acanthis, 501.
accensa (Diacrisia). 148.
Accipitcr, 190, 207-12, 410, 41), 500.
accipitriuus (Asio), 207.
— (Dcroptyu.s), 408.
achemenides (Oryba). 450.
Achias. 459, 401.
acipha (Actinotc), 465.
aconia (Amastus), 53.
acraea (Estigmenc), 165, 166.
Acridotheres, 190, 250.
acrospila (Amata), 433.
acrus (Xylophanes), 458.
Actinote, 463-9.
Actitis, 499.
Actochelidon, 498, 503.
acuta (Hemeroplanes), 451, 452.
acuticauda (Miinia), 247.
adela (Amastus), 52.
admirabilis (Idalus), 7.
adoxa (Eacle.s), 476.
adrasta (Planema), 462.
adspersus (Crypturu.s), 420.
— (Tinamus), 420.
Aegialitis, 200, 425.
Aeluroedus, 484, 485, 486, 491.
Aemilia, 74.
aenea (Alcedo), 386.
— (Carpopliaga), 193, 194.
— (Ccryle), .386.
— (Chaptia), 2.50.
aciieus (Chaptia), 250.
— (Uicruius), 2.50.
acquata (Pericallia), 167.
aoquatorialis (Campyloiitcrus), 375.
aequinoctialis (Procellaria), 497.
aeruginosa (Diacrisia). 119.
iicruginosub (Circus), 207.
aestiva (.\mazona). 407.
— (Piranga), 275.
— (Tanagra), 275.
aethiops (Thamnopliilus), 339, 310, 341, i27.
Aethopyga, 244.
afiBnis (Accipiter), 209-12.
— (Amastus), 52.
— (Amaxia), 15.
— (Antaxia), 11.
— (Aphyle), 8.
— (Baritius), 39.
— (Carathis), 38.
— (C«ryx), 429.
— (Diacrisia), 120.
— (Halisidota), 50, 59.
— (Neritos), 72.
— (Pachydota), 37.
— (Phoethornis), 373.
— (Prumala), 10.
— (Pseudapeconoma), 412.
— (Rhodogastria), 184.
afra (Columba), 503.
— (Turtur), 503.
agami (.Agamia), 423.
— (Ai-dea), 423.
Agamia, 423.
Agarista, 168.
agassizi (Halisidota), 67.
agilis (Oporornis), 264, 265
— (Sylvia), 264.
— (Vireosylvia), 268.
Aglaia, "-73.
Agorea, 70, 71.
agramma (Eupsodosoma), 12.
Agyrtria, 375.
aharonii (Bubo), 112.
Alauda, 240.
alba (Estigmenc), 100.
— (Herodias), 202.
— (Motaeilla), 240.
albaeco.xae (Idalus), 7.
albens (Diacrisia), 137.
alberti (Hyalactlica), 440.
— (Ptiltuiis), 484. 488.
— (Rhodogastria), 180.
34
( 510 )
albcrtinac (Callistc), 273.
— (Calospiza), 273, 427.
albescens (Automolis), 17.
— (Diaerisia), 122.
— (Ecpanthei-ia), 174.
— (Eupsodosoma), 12.
— (Opharus), 50.
— (Zatrephes), 14.
albiceps (Pachydota), 37.
albicilla (Muscicapa), 227.
albicollis (Capiimulgus), 3S0.
— (Falco), 412.
— (Legatu.'?), 294.
— (Lcueoptcrnis), 412.
— (Nyctidromus), 3SU.
— (Prumala), 10.
— (Rhipidura), 225.
— (TjTannus), 294.
albicornis (Amata), 433.
— (Diaorisia), 144.
albicostata (Dcmolis), 15.
albilora (S.vnallaxis), 318.
albimarulifcra (Automolis), 24.
albipcctus (Tliiyophilus), 2G3, 26-t.
— (Thryothorus), 263.
albipicta (Aphyle), 8.
albiplaga (Automolis), 23.
albipuncta (Amastus), 52.
— (Berthoklia), 32.
albirostris (Ramphocelus), 275.
albistriga (Amsacta), 159.
albitorques (Tityra), 313.
albiventer (FUivicola), 2SJ.
^ (Muscicapa), 284.
— (Pnoepyga), 480.
- (Tesia), 480.
- (Turdus), 258.
albiventris (Agyrtria), 375.
— (Heterocnemis), 352.
— (Ortalida), 418.
— (Raraphocacnus), 352.
alboapicalis (Arcomolis), 17.
alboatra (Automolis), 26.
albogrisea (Uclesse), 32.
albogularis (Cryptolopha), 225.
albospecularis (Gervaisia), 235.
albotestaceus (Opharus), 50.
albovittata (Ocnogyna), 83.
Alcedo, 215, 216, 217, 386, 388, 390.
alcinoe (Bunaea), 472.
Alcippe, 231.
alcumena (Diacrisia), 15.'!, 151.
alcyone (.Actinote), 404.
aldaba (Diacrisia), 120.
aleteria (Automolis), 19.
Aleuron, 448, 4.52.
alcxandriac (.Macropus), 96, 97, 102, 105, 107.
alexandrinus (Aegialitis), 200.
alia (.-Vctinote), 465.
alligatoris (Macropus), 90, 97, 102, 103, 107
109.
almopia (Opliarus), 48.
Aloa, 149, 170.
alope (Erinnyis), 450.
alopecias (Siptornis), 319, 320.
— (Synallaxis), 319.
Alopoehen, 426.
alpina (Tringa). 198.
alsa (.Amastus), 54.
Alsconax, 227.
.iUsocomus, 194.
alsus (Hali.sidota), 58.
altera (Manucodia), 490.
alternata (Halisidota), 57.
Alueo, 500.
amaculata (Automolis), 23.
amadis (Xyloplianes), 458.
amanda (Automeris), 474, 475.
amandava (Fringilia), 247.
— (Sporaegiuthus), 247.
amastris (llelessc), 30.
Amastus, ,52-5, 188.
Amata, 431-7.
amata (Pseudopharus), 52.
amaarochalinus (Turdus), 258, 259.
Aniaurolimnas, 422, 493.
Amaurornis, 196.
Amaxia, 15, 16, 68.
amaxiaeformis (Halisidota), 68.
Amazona, 406. 407. 427.
amazonica (Amazona), 406.
— (Chrysotis), 406.
— (Syniallaxis), 318, 319.
amazonicus (Formicarius), 36S, 360.
— (Psittacus), 406.
— (Thamnopbilus), 341, 342.
amazonura (Heleropclraa), 310.
— (Pyrrhura), 403, 427.
— (Ramphocaenus), 352, 428.
— (Scotothorus), 310, 311.
— (Tblypopsis), 278, 428.
— (Urogalba), 388.
amazonus (Sittasonius), 323.
ambiguus (Cai)rimulgus), 223.
Amblyornis, 487, 491.
ambrosia (Amastus), 52.
ameoides (Prumala), 9.
americana (Alcedo), 386.
— (.\i-otia), 1.
— (Cerylc), 386.
— (Myctcria), 424.
amcricanus (Falco), 409.
— (Ibycter), 409.
Animalo, 34.
( 511 )
ammeloides (Elysius), 43.
amoenus (Copsychus), 235.
Ampelis, 314, 316.
Amplypterus, 449.
Am.sacta, 156-9.
amurensis (Diacrisia), 142.
amuri (DiacrLsia), 143.
Anabates, 320, 321, 322.
anaethetus (,Sterna), 197.
analis (Formicarius), 369.
— (Myothcra), 369.
anaphcoides (Halisidota), 09.
Anas, 204.
auaxo (Actinote), 466.
anchemolus (Pholus), 454.
Anoistrops, 320, 428.
Ancylocheilus, 499.
andamancnsis (Copsyclius), 235.
andensis (Halisidota), 56.
andersoni (Amata), 434.
androconiata (Neritos), 73.
andi-olepia (Halisidota), 62, 500.
angelica (Dacnis), 270.
anglica (Gelochelidon), 197, 497, 502.
— (Sterna), 498.
— (Thalasseus), 497.
angolensis (Loxia), 280.
— (Oryzoborus), 280.
angulata (Halisidota), 65.
angulifora (Halisidota), 57.
angulosa (Automolis), 26.
angustirostris (Conopophaga), 357.
— (HyiJocnemis), 357, 358.
anhinga (Plotus), 426.
aniris (Hyperchiria), 476.
annamensis (Pitta), 224.
annellata (Diacrisia), 125.
annulata (Automolis), 29.
annulosa (Halisidota), 66, 506.
Anoplops, 258, 365, 366, 421, 427, 423.
Anser, 426, 501.
ansorgei (Acantharctia), 156.
— (Amsacta), 157.
— (Epitoxis), 441.
— (Estigmene), 163.
antaeus (Coeytius), 448, 449.
Antarctia, 177-80.
Antaxia, I, 11, 506.
Antheraca, 470.
anthina (Imlirasia), 473.
anthoides (Corytliopis), 372.
— (Muscicapa), 372.
authopeplus (I'olyleUs), 500.
.\nthracothorax, 377.
Anthus, 244, 245.
Anthya, 499.
Antigone, 499.
antilopinus (Macropus), 86, 87, 91, 94, 90, 100,
101, 106, 109.
antonio (Amastus), 54.
Antriotricha, 79.
Apantesis, 174.
aperiens (Eressa), 438.
Apbyle, 8.
Apiaster, 483.
apicabs (Automolis), 20, 26.
apiciplaga (Automobs), 21.
Apisa, 441, 442.
aplaga (Belemnia), 81.
apoda (Paradisea), 484, 488.
Apos, 500.
appendiculatus (Hypcraudra), 29.
approximans (Cercomacra), 362.
— (Xenops), 322.
Aptenodyta, 496.
Aptenodytes, 495, 496, 497.
Aptcrodita, 496, 497.
Apus, 223, 500.
apyga (Amaxia), 15.
Aquila, 500, 501.
Ara, 402.
aracari (Pteroglossus), 397.
— (Ramphastos), 397.
Ai'acbnecbtbra, 244.
Aramides, 421, 493.
aranea (Sterna), 498.
ararauna (Ara), 402.
— (Psittacus), 402.
Arboricola, 189, 192.
arborifera (JIaenas), 117.
arcangebca (Dacnis), 270.
arobibaldi (Acanthira), 501.
Arotia, 1, 153, 181.
arctichroa (Diacrisia), 134, 118.
arcticus (PocUceps), 495.
Arctioneura, 167.
Ardea, 202, 203, 422-4, 502.
ardens (Ai-boricola), 189, 192.
— (Oriobis), 248.
— (Psaropholus), 248.
Ardeola, 202.
ardesiaca (AutomoUs), 26, 504.
ardesiacus (Dysithamnus), 343.
Ardetta, 201, 202, 499.
Ardices, 116.
arenacea (Halisidota), 69.
Arenaria, 201, 498, 499.
arenaria (Calidris), 199, 499.
Areomolis, 17, 74.
argentata (Halisidota), 50.
— (Sclatcria), 352.
argentatus (.Macropus), 90. 97, 105, 107, 109.
argentea (Saxicola), 477, 478.
argeutinus (Empidonax), 301.
( 512 )
argillacca (Ffpmihyalca), 51.
argutus (Prupanis). 190, 231.
arizonensis (Estigmene), 1G5, lOG.
— (Opharus), 50.
arontes (Pelochyta), 41.
arquatus (Numeaius), 200.
Arremon, 279.
Artamides, 228.
Artamus, 210.
arthus-bortrand (Rhodogastria), 184, 185, 186.
Arundinax, 238.
aryllis (Prumala), 9.
asana (Melcssc), 31.
asara (.Automolis), 20.
ascalai)lius(Bul)(i), 110, 112.
Asio, 207, 414, .501.
aspcrsa (Diaerisia), 125.
assama (DiacrLsia), 121.
assamensis (Antheraea), 470.
— (Diaerisia), 136.
assimilis (.Automolus), 320.
— {Myrmotherula), 352.
— (Rhynchocyclus), 297.
asteroides (Automolis), 28.
Astrapia. 484, 488, 490, 491.
astreas (Rhodogastria), 184, 185,
astropliela (Opodiplitera), 474.
Astur, 207, 208, 211, 409-11, 500.
astur (Opharus), 49, 50.
Asturina, 411, 412.
atcr (Daptrius), 409.
— (Ibycter), 409.
Athene, 414, 415.
athertoni (Nyctiornis), 217.
atlantic (Chiroxiphia), 309.
atlantieum (Ocnogyna), 84.
atomosa (Halisidota), 58.
atra (Buchanga), 249.
— (Dicrurus), 249, 2.50.
— (Fulica), 196.
— (Halisidota). 60.
— (Manucodia). 484, 490.
— (Ochrodota), 36.
— (Pelochyta), 40.
— (Scliistoehhimys), 279.
atrata (Elysius), 44.
— (Rhipidura), 225.
— (Zatrephcs), 187.
atricapilla (Dacnis), 271.
— (Stri.\), 414.
atricapillus (Donacobiiis), 261.
— (Ephialtes), 414.
— (Hadrcstomus), 313.
. — (Paehyrham))luis), 313.
— (Turdiis), 261.
atricoUis (Pterogloasus), 397.
— (Trogon), 387.
atrimaoulata (Halisidota), 65.
atriramosa (.\cantharctia), 155.
atrobrunnea (Elysius), 43.
atrogularis (Saxicola), 478, 479.
atronitens (Molothi'us), 283.
— (Xenopipo), 284, .308.
atropygialis (Poephila), .501.
Attacus, 507.
attcnuata (Amata), 437.
Atticora, 269.
Attila, 315, 316, 427.
audax (.Myiodynastcs), 299.
augustae-victoriac (Paradisea), 484, 489.
aulica (Hyphoraia). 83.
aurantiaca (.\ntaretia), 179.
— (Apisa), 441.
— (Diaerisia). 127.
— (Halisidota), 63.
— (Holomelina), 76.
— (Pericallia), 168.
aurantiacus (Opharus), 47.
— (Pseudalus), 119.
aurantiicoUis (Capito), 395, 396, 428.
— (Euhucco), 395.
aurantiobasis (Ceryx), 429.
aurata (Hahsidota), 62.
auratus (Bucco). 395.
— (Caj)ito), 395.
aurea (.\lcedo), 390.
— (Euphonia), 271, 272.
— (Jaeamerops), 390.
aureogrisea (Automolis), 20.
aureola (Emberiza), 246.
— (Parus), 304.
— (Pipra), 303, 304, 305, 306, 300, 427
aureolimbata (Amsacta), 157.
aureus (C'onurus), 403.
— (Parus). 271.
— (Psittacus), 403.
auriculatus (Heliothrix), 377.
— (Troehilus), 377.
aurifrons (Myospiza), 281.
— (Pieumnus), 385, 386, 427.
— (Tanagra). 281.
aurimacula (Turdus). 190, 236.
aurita ((.'onopoj)haga), 371, 428
— (Saxicola), 479.
iiuritus (Heliothrix). 377.
— (Proctopus), 495.
— (Troehilus), 377.
— (Turdus), 371.
aurivillii (Acanthnretia), 156
auroeoeeinca (Evius), 16.
aurorea (Phoenieurus), 230.
— (Ruticilla). 230.
australasian.a (Antigone). 499.
australis (Carathis), 37.
( 513 )
australis (Casuarius), 493.
— (Pteroglossus), 397, 398.
Automeris, 474, 475.
AutomoHs, 11, 17-29, 187, 504-6.
Automolus, 320, 321, 427, 428.
axillaris (Myrmothcra), 349.
— (Myrmotherula), 349.
Axiopoeniella, 182.
azarae (Saltator). 279, 428.
Azatrephes, 14.
azollac (Maenas), 118.
azurea (Hypothymis), 225.
babosa (Melesse), 31.
bacchans (Ei'iostepta), 15.
bacclius (Ardeola). 202.
bactris (Rhalaena), 59.
badius (Accipiter), 207, 208.
— (Astur), 207.
baeri (Columba), 416.
— (Thalurania), 428.
balzani (Thalurania), 37fi, 427, 428.
banghaa.si (Ocnogyna), 83.
barbadensis (Vireo), 268, 269.
barbata (Muscicapa), 299.
barbatula (Vireo), 268, 269.
barbatus (Myiobius). 299.
baritioides (Halisidota), 70.
Baritiiis, 38^0.
barrabandi (Pionias), 408.
— (Pionopsitta), 408.
— (Psittacus), 408.
bartletti (Crypturu.s), 421, 428.
Bartramia, 425.
bartramia (Tringoides), 425.
basalis (Aremolis), 74.
— (Opharus), 47.
basigera (.\mata), 434.
Basileuterus, 265
batesi (Halisidota), 62.
— (Pseudapicouoma), 443.
— (Teracotona), 181.
battyi (Hemihyalea), 51.
baucis (Ania.stus), 52.
baueri (Limosa), 499.
bauri (Rhodogastria), ISl.
baxteri (Amsacta), 157.
Baza, 213, 214.
beani (Phragmatobia). 114.
beata (Eriostepta), 15.
beauharnaesii (Pteroglossus), 400, 428.
Belemnia, 81.
bella (Neaxia), 15.
bengalensis (Alccdo), 217.
— (Apiaster), 483.
— (Ccntropus), 218.
berlepschi (Anoplops), 366.
— (Grallaria), 370.
— (Hypocnemis), 360.
— (Myrmotherula), 350, 351, 427.
bernardus (Macropus), 102, 109.
Bertholdia, 32, 33.
besra (Accipiter), 210, 211.
bhamoensis (.StachjTidopsis), 232.
biagi (Diacrisia), 145.
bicalcaratus (Polyplectron), 191.
bicincta (Ceryle), 210.
— (Osmotrcron), 193
— (Treron), 193.
bicolor (Automohs), 17.
— (Chaimarrornis), 226.
— (Dacni.s), 270.
— (Elysius), 45, 46.
— (Formicivora), 363, 364
— (Merops), 218.
— (Pelochyta), 40.
— (Sylvia), 270.
bidcntatu.s (Falco), 413.
— (Harpagus), 413.
bifascia (Diacrisia), 135, 136.
bifasciata (Diacrisia), 133.
— (Euprepia), 80.
— (Eupsodosoma), 11.
bifurca (Diacrisia), 127.
bilinea (Maenas), 118.
bilineata (Zatrephes), 13.
bimaculata (Euchlaenidia), 75.
— (Muscipeta), 301.
— (Opharus), 47.
bimaculatus (Empidochanes), 301.
binotata (Glaucostola), 35.
— (Zatrephes), 13.
bipartita (Rhodogastria), 186.
bisecta (Diacrisia), 135.
biseriata (Diacrisia), 143.
bitorquata (f'eryle), 216.
bitorquatus (Pteroglossus), 398, 399, 427
Bituryx, 71.
bivitreata (Hyalaethea), 439.
boarula (MotaciUa), 245.
boetica (Ocnogyna), 84.
boettgeri (Agorea), 71.
bogotensis (Columba), 416.
boliviana (Calospiza), 274.
— (Myrmotherula), 3.50, 351.
— (Penelope), 418.
boUvianus (Attila), 315, 316, 427.
bombycina (Halisidota), 69.
bonapartci (Tringa), 425.
bonariensis (Molothrus), 282.
— (Tanagra), 282.
bonora (Automolis), 24.
borbae (Phlegopsis), 368, 427.
( 514 )
borbae (Picumnus). 38G. 427.
— (Rhyncluicyclus), 295, 296.
— (Thamnophilus), S.W, 337, 427.
borealis (Automolis), 28.
— (Hyponerita). 500.
— (Motacilla), 245.
— (Pericallia), 168.
— (Phragmatobia), 115.
Boriogale, 88, 89.
borneensis (Diacrisia), 149, 151.
Botaurus, 499.
bourcieri (C'apito). 39G.
bowmani (Phiegopsis), 367, 3CS, 427.
bracliypterus (Falco), 409.
— (Micrastur), 409.
brachyiiriis (Graydidascaliis), 407.
— (llicropternus), 221.
— (Pionias), 407.
— (Psittacu.'!), 407.
brasiliana (Strix), 414.
brasilianum (Gl.aucidium), 414.
brasiliensis (.-Vttila), 315.
— (Caryothraustes), 280.
— (Ecpanthcria), 172.
— (Pitylus), 280.
— (Tenamus), 419.
— (Urubitinga), 411.
braziliensis (Choroncrpes), 382.
— (Halisidota), 61.
— (Picus), 382.
bretandiani (Diacrisia), 141.
breveti (Maenas), 119.
brevicauda (Cittocincla), 234.
— (Formicarius), 369.
— (Grallaria), .309, 370.
— (Myrmotherula), 351.
brevilinea ' Virbia), 76.
brevipennis (Acridotlieres), 190. 250.
bre\npes (Accipit^r), 20S.
brevirostria (Oryzoborus), 280.
bricenoi (Halisidota), 60.
brittoni (Mallocepliala), 177.
brodiei (Glaucidium), 20.5.
— (Noctua), 205.
Brotogeris, 404, 405, 406, 427.
Brotogerys, 405.
bro\vTii (Platycercus), 500.
brueei (Phragmatobia), 113.
brunnca (Baritius), 38.
— (Diacrisia), 143.
— (Proparu.s), 190, 231.
— (Zatrephes), 12.
brunneipars (.\emilia), 74.
brunncirccta (.Automolis), 22.
brunneitincta (Halisidota). 02.
— (Ischnocampa), 47.
brunnesoens (Automolis), 26,
brunnpscens (Halisidota), 58.
— (Hcniiliyalea), 50, 51.
— (Hcrpornis), 230.
— (Ochrodota), 36.
— (Pclochyta), 40.
brunneus (Sclerurus), 323.
— (Tach\-]ihonu.'!), 277.
— (Turdus), 259.
Bubo, 110-2,205,413.
bubo (Bubo), 110-2.
— (Rhodogastria), 183.
— (Stri.x), no.
Bubulcus, 203.
Bucco, 390, 391, 393, 395. 427, 428.
buccoides (Aeluroedus), 485.
Buchanga, 248, 249.
buchwaldi (Halisidota), 67.
buckleyi (Automolis), 25.
Budytes, 245.
budytoidps (Culicivora), 292.
— (Stigmatura), 292.
Bulaca, 206.
Bunapa, 472.
burica (Pericallia), 171.
burmanica (Diacrisia), 121.
burmeisteri (Ecpanthcria), 172.
— (Maenas), 118.
Bumosia, 238.
buryi (Diacrisia), 126, 127.
— (Tcraootona), 181.
Busarellus, 411.
Buteo, 212, 500.
buteo (Butco), 212.
Butorides, 202, 424.
butti (Diacrisia), 126.
— (Proschaliphora), 180.
bybhs (Carathis), 38.
oabanisi (Dcndrocopus), 220.
— (Piaya), 401.
Caccabis, 192.
cachinnans (Falco), 413.
— (Hcrpctothores), 413.
Cacious, 282.
Cacomantis, 220.
caelesti (Pipra), 307.
Caereba, 271.
caerulpa (Caereba), 271.
— (Certhia), 271.
— (Cyanerpcs), 271.
caeruleocpphala (Hypothymis), 225.
caerulcscens (Cercomacra), 302.
— (Chlorophanes), 271.
— (Zosterops), 504.
caeruleus (Chlorestcs), 376.
ca68area (Diacrisia), 149.
( 515 )
caesia (Muscicapa), 343.
caesius (Tliainnomanes), l!U.
caffraria (Biinaca), 472.
Caica, 408.
oaja (Arctia), 1, ISl.
cajanea (Aramkles), 421.
— (FuUca), 421.
cajetani (Antarctia), 180.
— (Diacrisia), 150.
calamae (Pipra), 303, 300, 427.
Calamanthella, 237.
Calidiis, 199, 409.
calidris (Motacilla), 268.
— (Totanus), 199.
— (Vireo), 208, 269.
californiae (Leptarctia), 82.
caligatus (Bubo), 205.
— (Syrnium), 205. 206.
caliginosa (Paehygonia), 453
callianira (Aotinotc), 46G, 467.
oallianllie (Actinote), 465, 460.
callima (Utetheisa), 182.
calliomcnae (Hemcroplanes), 4.'i2.
Calliomnia. 451.
calliope (Krithacus). 236.
— (Luscinia), 236.
calUsoma (Aloa), 170.
calUsta {Lobubiinaea), 472.
C'alliste, 273, 274.
Callitomis, 429.
calonyx (Eurystomus), 214, 215.
Calospiza, 273, 274, 427, 428.
Campephaga, 228.
Campephilus, 385.
Campias, 383.
Cainpophaga, 228.
Campsonyx, 413.
Campylopterus, 375.
Campylorhamphus. 331, 332, 333,
Camp3'lorhynchu.s, 261.
cana (Pericallia), 169.
canadensis (Lo.xia), 280.
— (Pitylus), 280.
Caucroma, 203, 424.
cane.scens (Apisa), 441, 442.
canibuccalis (C'onurus), 403.
canipennis {Hcmixus), 229.
cannescens (DiacrLsia), 133.
canorum (Trochaloptcrnn), 233, 234.
cantans (Horeites), 238.
— (Myiarclius), 302.
cantator (Formicarius), 353.
— (Hypocnemis), 353, 354.
cantiaca (Actochelidon), 498.
— (Sterna), 498.
— (Thalasseus), 497.
cantiirians (.Arundinax), 238.
canturians (Cettia), 238.
— (Horeites), 238.
canus (Geciiius), 189, 222.
— (Lams), 197.
caniitus (Tringa), 198.
capensis (Bucco), 390.
— (Rostratula), 197.
capistratus (Cliloronerpes), 38.
— (Chrysopicus). 381, 382.
capitalis (Dysithamnus), 342.
Capito, 395, 396, 428.
capitoides (Dendrocolaptes), 328.
Capriraulgus, 223, 378-81.
caprotina (Estigmene), 165.
carabaia (Actinote), 463.
Carathis, 37, 38.
carbo (Lanius), 275.
— (Phalacrocorax), 204.
— (Rampliocelus), 27.5.
carbonarius (Elysius), 42.
cardinalis (.\msaota), 158.
cardis (Turdus), 237.
Carduelis, 501.
carinata (Aleuron), 4,52.
carmesina (.•\utomolis), 21.
carnifex (Ampeiis), 316.
Carpodacus, 190.
Carpopliaga, 193, 194.
carrye (Halisidota), 57.
Caryothraustes, 280.
casignata (Diacrisia), 130.
caspia (Hydroprogne), 197, 497.
— (Sterna), 498.
— (Thalasseus), 497, 498.
Cassicus, 282.
casta (Phragmatobia), 114.
castanea (Antheraea), 470.
— (Elysius), 45.
castaneiventris (Spermophila), 281.
— (Sporophila), 281.
castaneocoronata (Tesia), 481 1,
castanonotus (Hemixus), 229.
castianotis (Dryonastes), 189, 233.
— (Pteroglossus), 397. 398.
castelnaudii (Glyhorhynohus), ,324.
Castrica, 29.
Casuarius, 493.
Catarractes, 495, 497, 498.
catarractes (Larus), 498.
Catan'hactes, 496.
catenulata (Halisidota), 505, 506
caterulata (Halisidota), 66.
Catharacta, 498.
cathoecus (Dicrurus). 249, 250.
catingae (RlnTichotus). 421.
catochaera (.Actinote), 468, 469
ratop.asta (.\ctinote), 464.
( 516 )
caucasica (Diacrisia), 142.
caudacutus (Sclerurus), 323.
— (Thamnophilus), 323.
caudata (Pnocpyga), 480, 482.
— (Spelaeornis), 480, 482.
— (Tesia), 482.
— (Urocichla), 482.
cavifer (Epistor), 452.
cayana (Ampclis), 31fi.
— (Calospiza), 273.
— (C'otinga), 316.
— (Dacnis), 200. 270.
— (Motacilla), 269.
— (Piaya), 401.
— (Tityra), 312.
cayanea (Aramides), 493.
cayanensis (Pitylus), 280.
— (Porzana), 422.
cayanus (Charadrius), 424.
— (Cuculus), 401.
■ — (Hoplo.xypterus), 424.
— (Lanius), 312.
cayennensis (Harpiprion), 423.
— (Tantalus), 423.
cccuhis (Se.sia), 454.
cedon (Halisidota), 62.
cedo-nulli (Thyrarctia), 5.
cela (Cacicus), 282.
— (Parus), 282.
celebensis (Amsacta), 158.
Celeus, 384, 385.
cenchroides (Aecipiter), 208.
centralis (Hemithraupis), 278, 427.
— (Nemosia), 278.
Centropus, 218, 219.
Cephalopterus, 316.
cepiana (Baritius), 39.
cepphus (Catharacta), 498.
CerchneipicHS, 384, 385.
Cerchneis, 213.
Cercomacra, 362-
Certhia, 271.
— (Dendrocolaptes), 336, 427.
— (Picus), 336.
cervicalis (.\utomoIus), 321.
— (Paroaria), 281, 428.
cervina (Anthus), 244.
— (Motacilla), 244.
— (Pelochyta), 40.
— (Phragmatobia), 114.
cerviniventris (Chlamydera), 480.
cervinu.s (Anthus), 244.
— (Macropus), 94, 96-100, 107.
Cerylc, 190, 215, 216, 386.
Cery.v, 429-31.
Cettia, 238.
ceylonensis (Copsychus), 235,
ceylonensis (Estlgmene), 166.
— (Upupa), 217.
Cey.\, 215.
chacuru (Bucco), 392.
Chaptura, 378. 428.
Cliaimarrornis, 226.
Chalcococcy.x. 219.
Chalcopelia, 503.
Chalcophaps, 195.
plialcothorax (Galbula), 390.
chalybata (Manucodia), 484, 490.
chalybea (Hirundo), 209.
— (Progne), 209.
chalybura (Carpophaga), 194.
chaon (Anaxia), 16.
chapadensis (Sittasomus), 323.
Cliaptia, 250.
Charadrius, 200, 424, 425.
Chaunornis, 392.
checla (Spilornis), 212.
Chelidon, 501.
Chelidoptera, 395.
Chenalopex, 420.
cherrici (Cyancrpcs), 271.
— (Myrmotlicrula), 346.
cliiguinda (Heliaotinidia), 80.
childi (Amastus), 55.
chilensis (Aglaia), 273.
— (Calospiza), 273.
chimaera (Elysius), 44.
chinensis (Cissa), 253.
— (Excalfactoria), 191.
— (Francolinua), 192.
— (Tetrao), 192.
— (Turtur), 190, 195.
Chion. 503.
ehionea (Diacrisia), 126.
Chionis, 503.
chiriquensis (Melesse), 31.
Chiroraachaeris, 309, 310, 427.
chiron (Xylophanes), 4.55.
Chiroxiphia. 309, 428.
chirurgus (Hydrophasianus), 201.
— (Hydrophasis), 201.
chivi (Sylvia), 268.
— (Virco), 208.
Chlamydera, 484, 480, 487, 491.
Chlorestcs, 370.
Chlorhoda, 170.
chlorigaster (Gecinus), 190, 222.
chlorion (Hemipipo), 302.
chloris (Pipra), .302, 303.
— (Piprites), 302.
Chloroenas, 415.
Chloronerpes, 381, 382, 427.
Chlorophanes, 271.
ChloropsLs, 228.
( 517 )
chloroptera (Aleiiron), 452.
chloropus (Gallinula), 196.
chlorotica (Eiiphonia), 272, 273.
— (Tanagra). 271.
chocolatina (Pnoepyga), 482.
choliba (Epliialtes), 414.
— (Otus), 414.
— (Stri.x), 414.
Chordeiles, 378.
ohorinna (Opharus), 40.
ohozeba (Melesse). 30.
christinae (Aethopyga), 244.
oliristyi (Lobobunaea), 255, 250.
chryozona (Amata), 437.
clirysobasis (Diospage), 81.
clirysocephala (Euprepia), 80
chrysocephalus (Sericulus), 487.
chrysochloros (Chloronerpes), 381, 382, 427.
— (Picus), .381.
Chrysococcyx, 219.
Chrysocoma, 496, 497.
chrysocoraa (Catarrhartes), 496.
chrysooome (Chrysocnma), 496.
— (EudyiJtes), 497.
chrysocrotaphum (Todirostrum), 288, 289,
428.
ohrysolaus (Turdus), 237.
chrysoinelas (Automoh's), 24.
chrysopasta (Eiiphonia), 272, 273.
Chrysophlegma, 221, 222.
Chrysopicus, 381.
ehrysops (Cj'anocorax), 283, 284, 427.
— (Pica), 283.
chrysosema (Brotogeris), 404, 405, 400, 427.
— (Brotogerys), 405.
chrysostoma (Diomedea), 497.
— (Neophema), 500.
Chrysotis, 406, 407.
chukar (Cacoabis), 192.
Ciccaba, 415.
Cicinnurus, 491.
Ciconia, 424, 501.
Cinclus, 190.
cincta (Dichrozona), 301.
ciiictipes (Halisidota), 61.
cinctu.s (Cyphorhinus), .361.
— (Miciocerculus), 361.
cineracea (Buchanga). 249.
— (Nonnula), 393, :>'. , 428.
cineraceus (Dicrurus), 249, 250.
— (Spodiopsar), 250.
— (Sturnu.s), 2.50.
cinerascens (Synaliaxis), 317.
— (Tessellarctia), 30.
cinerea (Ampeli.s). 314.
— (Ardea), 202.
— (Pulica), 196.
cinpi-ca (fiallicrex), 196
— (Lathria). 314.
— (Pelochyfa), 40.
— (Tcrckia), 199.
cinereicapillus (.Spizixus), 229.
cinereieeps (Grallaria), 309.
— (Thamnophiliis), 342.
cinereiventris (Chaetura), 378, 428.
— (Myrmotherula), 351.
cinereoniger (ThamnophiliLs), 337, 338.
cinereus (C'rj-pturus), 419.
— (Gallicrex), 196.
— (Odontorhynchus). 264. 427.
— (PariLS), 242.
— (Tetrao), 419.
— (Tinamus), 419.
cingulata (Automolis), 23.
— (Elysius), 43.
— (Estigmene), IGO.
cinnamomea (Aidetta), 202.
— (Halisidota), 69.
— (Myrmeciza), 365.
— (Peopipo), .308.
— (Synaliaxis), 318.
cinnamomeus (Turdus), 365.
Cinnyris, 244.
circia (Quercjuedula). 203.
Circus, 207. 5(XI.
Cissa, 189, 253.
Cissura, 29.
Cisticola, 237.
cisticola (Cisticola), 237.
citraria (Idalus), 6.
citreopygius (Ccleus), 384.
citrina (Automolis), 21.
— (Geocichla), 236.
— (Phalaena), .56.
citrinotincta (Agorea), 71.
eitrinus (Celeus), 385.
— (Turdus), 190, 236, 237.
Cittocincia, 234.
clarus (Troglodytes), 2()4.
Claudia, 378.
cleasa (Diospage), 81.
cleoris (Imbrasia), 478.
climaoocercus (Caprimulgu.s), .380.
— (Hydropsalis), 380.
eluentius (Cocytius), 448.
Cnemophilus, 487, 491.
enethocampoides (Aiitaretia), 179.
Cnipolegus, 284, 28.j.
coacta (Automolis), IS, 19.
eoccinata (Hvpcrthaema), 35.
coccinator (Amastus), 53.
coccinea (Dicaeum), 243, 244.
— (Noritos), 73.
cocciniceps (Holonielina), 75.
( .-^is )
Coccothraustcs, 501.
Coccygus, 401.
Coccyzus, 401.
coehlcaria (Cancroma), 424.
coooi (.\rclea), 42.'?.
Cocytius, 448, 456.
eoecilift (Pliragmatoliia), Sr>.
coelesti-pilcata (ri[ira), 428.
coelcstis (Tanagra), 274.
coelicolor (Calospiza), 273.
coelivox (Alauda), 246.
coerulca (Hylochark). 376.
coeruleifascia (Pseudapiconoma), 443.
coerulescens (Saltator), 279, 428.
eoffpac (Nycpry.\). 453.
CoUus. ,501.
coUaris (Aegialitis), 425.
— (Amastus), 53.
— (Amsacta), 158.
— (Bucco), 390.
— (Charadrius), 425.
coUateralis (Automolis), 27, 500.
CoUocalia, 500.
coUurio (Lanius), .343.
colma (Formicarius), 368.
Columba, 193, 194. 415, 410, 417, 503.
Columbiana (Amastus), 54.
— (Estigmene), 166.
— (Hemihyalea), 50.
— (Melesse), 31.
columbianus (Myiozetctes), 296.
Columbina, 416.
Columbula, 416.
Colymbus, 422, 494.
comma (Diacrisia), 133.
communis (Falco), 213.
comrii (Manucodia), 490.
comta (Actinote), 466.
conccntrieus (Micrastur). 410.
eoncolor (Amaurolimnas), 422.
— (Dendrocolaptes), 330, 427.
— (Hypsipetes). 229.
— (Rallina), 493.
confinis (Eressa), 437, 438.
eonfusa (Diacrisia), IS.I, 136.
confusus (Accipitc-r), 19(1, 209-11.
congoensis (Psexidapioonoma), 443.
coniata (Halisidota), 63.
conjuncta (Pericallia), 170.
conjunctu.s (Elysins), 43.
connectcns (Amata), 433.
Conopopliaga, 354, 3.55-7, 371, 427, 428.
consanguinca (Plancma), 462.
consimilis (Opiiarus), 47.
consistens (Amaxia), 16.
consobrina (Formicivora), 363, 364.
conspcrsa (Elysius), 43.
conspioua (Halisidota), fiS.
constcllata (.\inmalo), 34.
oontcmpta (Halisidota), 03.
contincntalis (Ccryle), 21.5.
— (Diacrisia), 147.
contraria (Automolis), 21.
— (Polyptychus), 456.
Conunis, 403, 4(14, 428.
coprophora (Amastus), 54.
Copsycluis, 234, 235.
coraya (Thryothorus), 203.
corduba (Actinote), 463.
cornea (Hemiliyalea), 50.
Cornelia (Pseudopharu.s), 52.
cornieoides (Phoebetria), 497.
cornuta (Palamedea), 426.
cornutus (Podiceps), 495.
coromanda ( Bubulcus), 203.
— ((i'ancruma). 203.
coromandeliana (Nettopus), 204.
coronatus (( )nychorliynchus), 299.
— (Platyriiiehus), 287, 288.
coronoideus (Processus), 88.
Corrira, 501.
corsicum (Ocnogyna), 83, 84.
corsina (Amsacta), 159.
Corvus, 254.
corvus (Eupyrrhoglt)ssunO, 454
Curythopis, 372.
cosmius (Xylophanes), 455.
costariccnsis (Neaxia), 15.
costata (Diacrisia) 139.
costimacula (Diacrisia), 121.
cotes (Neritos), 73.
Cotinga, 316, 501.
Cotumiculus. 281.
Cotiirnix, 191. 192.
CVaspedoprion. 295.
crassa (.\emilia). 74.
crassirostris (Euphonia), 272.
— (Tringa), 198.
Cratosia, 29.
Crax, 417.
C'reatonotus, 159, 100.
crecca (Nettion), 2113.
— (Qut'r<iuctiula), 203.
Crcciscus, 422.
crcon (Antaxia), 11.
crepidatus (Storcorarius), 498.
crepitans (Psophia), 502.
cribraria (Euprepia), 80.
Crinigcr, 228.
crinis (.Automolis), 19.
crissalis (Formicarius), 369,
cristala (.Xnoplops), 366.
— (Loj>hostrix), 413.
— ( Pithy s), 36(!.
(519)
cristat.a (Strix), 413.
— (Tanagra), 277.
cristatella (Acridotheres), 190, 250.
cristatellus (Acridotheres), 230.
— (Tachyphonus), 277.
oristatus (Bubo), 41.3.
■ — (Lanius), 241.
— (Podiceps), 49.').
— (Tachyphomis), 277, 427.
orltheis (Automolis), 18.
Crocomorphus, 38.").
crocopera (Automolis), 27.
crocos (Automolis), 21.
crokeri (Rhodogastria), 184.
orossi (Diacrisia), 141.
crozettensis (Mirounga), 44G.
cruciata (Zatrephes), 13.
crucigera (Otus), 414.
— (Strix), 414.
orucigerus (Otu.s), 414.
cruenta (Automolis), 22.
cruentata (Dioaeum), 243, 244.
oruentatum (Dicaeum), 243, 241.
cruentatus (Melanerpe.')), 383.
— (Picus), 383.
Ciypsirhina, 251, 252.
ftyptolopha, 225, 240.
Crypturus, 419-21, 427, 428.
cubana (Haemanota), 35, 5<J4.
cubensis (Opharus), 50.
cuculoides (Giauoidium), 190, 205.
— (Noctua), 205.
Cuculus, 219, 220, 395, 401, 402.
Culicivora, 292.
culminata (Diomedea), 497.
culmiaatus (Rampliastos), 396, 428.
cunea (Hy^ihantria), 161.
cuneata (Aphyle), 8.
cuneatus (Glyphorliynchus), 324.
cuneipuncta (Halisidota), 63.
curta (Hali.sidota), 67.
curtisi (Rbodogastria), 185.
curvata (Ardices), 116.
currilinea (DiacrLsia). 126.
Curvirostra, 501, .502.
ourvirostra (Loxia), 502.
ouvieri (Ramphasto.s), 396, 428.
cyanea (Cyanocomp.sa), 280.
— (Guiraca), 280.
Cyanerpes, 271.
oyaneseens (Galbula), 3S9, 390.
cyanicollis (Galbula), 390.
oyaaiventer (Tcsia), 480.
oyanoeephala (Daoiiis), 269.
Cyanocompsa, 280.
Cyanocorax, 283, 284, 427.
cyanoides (Guiraca), 280.
cyanomelaena (Xanthopygia), 226.
oyanomel.ana (lliiscicapa), 226.
Cyanops, 220.
cyanurus (Tarsiger). 236.
cyanns (Monticola), 236.
Cyclarhis, 269.
cyclopera (Neritos), 73.
Cyclorhis, 269.
cyclozonata (Halisidota), 62.
cymbaloplioroides (Diacrisia), 134.
Cymbilanius, 336.
Cyphorhinus, 262, 361.
Cyphos, 392.
Cyjjselus, 223, 378, 500, .501.
Cypsnagra, 278.
Dacnis, 269, 270, 271.
daga (Idalus), 7.
dahurica (Phragmatobia), 85.
daphaena (Psexidapiconoma), 442.
Daptrius, 409.
daroeta (Pachylia), 450.
dare.g (Idalus), 7.
Dasycephala, 315.
davidi (.Stacliyridopsis), 232.
davidiauus (Rhaetornis). 374.
da^nsi (Halisidota), 61.
dea (Alcedo), 388.
— (Urogalba), 388.
debiUs (Turdus), 258, 259.
deoeptura (Elysius), 45.
decipiens (Hyalaethea), 440.
Deconychura, 333, 334, 427.
decora (Cissura), 29.
decrepida (Opharus), 48.
(lecrej)idioides (Opharus), 48.
deiopea (Robinsonia). 6.
dejeani (Hyphoraia), 83.
delicata (.Automolis), 19.
demersa (.Aptenodytes). 496.
— (Diomedea), 495, 496, 497.
demersus (Phaethon), 495, 497.
— (Spheniscus), 497.
Demiegretta, 203.
Demolis, 15.
Dendrexetastes, 327-9, 427.
Deudrocincla, 334.
Dendrocitta, 190, 2.52, 253.
Dendrocolaptes, 323, 324-7, 331-46, 427.
Dendrocopus, 220, 330, 334.
Dendrocygna, 204.
Dendroeca, 270.
Dendrouanthus, 245.
Dondroplcx, .326. 327.
Dendrornis, 324-7, 427.
dentata (Poricallia), 1G9.
( 520 )
donticulata (Ciilliomma), ^51.
— (Hemcrojilancs), 451.
dentirostris (Sccnopoeetes), 485.
depicta (Opharus), 49.
Derojityus, 408.
deschangei (DiacrLsia), 131.
dcserti (Saxicola). 478. 479.
derillei (Dendre.xetastcs), 328, 329. 427.
dewitzi (Robinsonia), 6.
Diacrisia, 119-55, 186,506.
dialampa (Epimcdia), 79.
Dialeucias, 38.
diaphana (Hyalocoa), 79.
Dicaeum, 243, 244.
dice (Actinote). 266.
Dichrozona, 361.
Dicrurus, 248, 249, 250.
diemenensis (Meliornis), 504.
diesingii (Cyanocorax), 283, 427.
diffusus (Oriolus), 248.
diluoida (Automolis), 26.
diluta (Automolis), 25.
— (Grallaria), 370.
dilutior (Utctheisa), 182.
diminuta (Hemihyalea), 52.
dinawa (Diacrisia), 144.
dinellii (Halisidota). 63.
Dinospizias, 410.
Diomedea, 495, 496, 497.
Diospage, 81, 82.
Diphyllodes, 491.
Diplopterus, 402.
diplosticha (Diacrisia), 136.
Diptera, 461.
Dirphia, 255.
discalis (Azatrcphes), 14.
disciplaga (Elysius), 45.
discobola (Neritos), 72.
discopiinctata (Ischnooampa), 46.
Dissemurus, 248.
dissimilis (Estigmcne). 162.
dissimulator (Macropus), 89.
dissimulatus (Macropus), 88, 89.
distinota (Halisidota), 58.
— (Tessellarctia), 36.
distinguenda (Pericallia), 171.
distorta (Callitomis), 429.
— (Pericallia), 171.
ditluTis (Zatrephes), 12.
ditissimus (Automolis), 20.
diversipes (Bituryx), 71.
divisa (Dirphia), 255.
— ■ (Virbia), 77.
divisus (.\utomolis), 21.
dobsoni (Graucalus), 228.
docis (Automolis), 23.
dognini (Amastus), 54, 55.
tlognini (Automolis), 19.
— (Ecpantheria), 173.
— (Halisidota), 506.
— (NeidaUa), 6.
dohertyi (Attaeus), 507.
— (C'«ryx), 429.
— (Diacrisia), 149, 151.
— (Eressa), 437.
— (Hyalaethea). 440.
— (Pseudoceryx), 440.
dolens (Automolis). 26.
doliatus (Lanius), 342.
— (Thamnophihis), 342, 428,
Dolichonyx. 282.
domestica (Progne), 269.
domingona (Pseudopharus), 52.
dominicus (Charadrius), 200, 425
domvilii (Osmotreron), 193.
— (Treron), 193.
Donacobius, 261.
doncasteri (Idalus), 6.
dorothea (Melesse), 30.
dorsipuncta (Neonerita), 16.
dorsoimmaculatus (Xiphorhj-nchus), 332.
dotata (Virbia), 76.
douglasi (Pitta). 224, 225.
dreilappig (Macropus), 90.
Drepanornis, 491.
Dromoooecyx. 402.
Dromolaea, 477.
drucei (Amastus), 54, .55.
— (Baritius), 39.
— (Neritos), 73.
— (Melesse), 30.
— (Pachydota), 37.
dryas (Elysius), 41.
Drymophila, 364.
Dryonastes, 189, 233.
dubia (Estigmene). 16.5.
dubius (Aegialitis), 200.
— (Proparus), 231.
ilucasa (Pachydota), 37.
ducliiufieldia (Halisidota), 56.
dulla (Agarista), 168.
— (PcricalUa), 168.
Dupetor, 201.
duponchel (Cocytius), 448, 449, 450.
dussumieri (Turnix), 192.
Dysauxes, 441.
Dysithamnus, 341, 342, 343, 427.
dysoni (Buceo). 391.
Dytes, 495.
dyuna (.•\maxia), 16.
Eanles, 476.
ecaudatuHi (Todirostrum), 292.
( 521 )
ecaiidatus (Orchilus), 292.
echo (Diacrisia), 122-
Ecpantheria, 172-4.
ediingeri (Estigmenc), 1G4.
edwardsi (Hemihyalca), 51.
Egatheus, 499.
Egretta, 499.
chrmanni (Pseudapiconoiua), 443.
Elacnia, 293, 294, 20.'), 312.
Elainea, 284. 293, 294.
Elanoides. 413.
elata (Sylvia), 292.
L'latus (lyraunulu.s), 292.
uldorado (Diacrisia), 150.
elegans (Dendrornis), 325, 326, 427.
— (Elainea), 294.
— (Lanius), 241.
eleuthera (Baritius), 39.
cleutheroides (Baritius), 39.
clevata (Pepsis), 4G1.
elissa (Automolis), 25.
elissoides (Automolis). 25.
ellioti (Pericallia), 169.
elongata (Araastus), 54.
elota (Opharus), 48.
eUvesi (.Amata), 4.32.
Elysius, 29, 41-6, 187.
Emberiza. 246, 282, 283.
eminens (Eacles), 476.
Empidochanea. 3tKJ, 301.
Empidonax, 300.
Emu, 487.
Emydia. 79.
Enchiridion, .503.
endolobata (Hali.sidota), GO.
endopyra (Melesse), 31.
Endyptes, 496, 497.
encrvis (Hypacdalia), 29.
engelkei (Diospage), 82.
engraphica (Diacrisia), 149.
Enicurus, 234.
entalis (Planema). 462.
Enyo, 452.
eogera (Diacrisia), l.")0, 1.32.
epaea (Planema), 4G2.
epaphus (Xylophancs), 455.
Ephialites, 204, 414.
Epimedia, 79.
episcopus (Tanagra). 274.
episcotosia (Amastus), 53.
Epistor, 452.
Epitoxis, 441.
epops (Upupa), 217.
Erator, 312.
ercbella (Amastus), 53.
crcbelloidcs (Amastus), .53.
eremita (Phoetbornis), 374.
Eressa, 437-9.
ergana (Hemihyalea), 50.
erganoides (Amastus), 54.
ericsoni (Diacrisia), 149.
ericssoni (Ceryx), 429.
Erinnyis, 450.
erinome (.\ctinote), 463.
Eriostepta, 15.
eriphile (Thalurania), 428.
Erithacus, 23G.
erithacus (Liosccles), 372.
erlangeri (Mctarctia), 442.
Erolia, 409.
erosa (Pericallia), 171.
— (Psychophasma), 53.
erubescens (Halmaturus), 104.
— (Macropus), 96, 97, 102-8.
erythrastis (Diacrisia), 124.
— (Melesse), 32.
erythrocephalus (Harpactcs), 218.
erythrocercus (Anabates), 322.
— (Philydor), 322.
erythrogastra (Phoenicurus), 479.
— (Ruticilla), 479.
erjrthronata (Automolis), 29.
erythrophleps (.\maxia), 16.
— (Diacrisia), 132.
erythrojjs (Neocrex), 422.
erythroptcra (Ph)egopsis), 368, 428.
erythrorhyncha (Urocissa), 254.
erythrotliorax (Leistes), 283.
erythrozona (Diacrisia), 124.
erythrurus (Myiobius), 300.
eryx (Belemnia), 81.
Esacus, 201.
Estigmenc, 161-6.
Eubucco, 395.
Euchlaenidia, 75.
Eucometis, 277.
Eucyrta. 10, 23, 24.
Eudynamis. 219.
eugi'aphica (Diacrisia), 126.
Eulabes, 251.
euleri (Empidochancs), 300.
— (Empidonax), 300, 301.
eumelis (Planema), 462.
Eupctomcna, 375.
Euphonia, 271-3, 427.
Euplesia, 20.
Euprepia, 79, 80.
euproctina (Diacrisia), 124.
Eupsodosoma, 11, 12.
Eupyrrhoglossum, 453, 454.
Eurhynorhynduis, 199.
euris (.Actinote), 466, 467.
eurycles (Protambulyx), 419.
ourylcuca (.Vctinole), 461.
( 522 )
euryptera (Amata), 432.
Eiirypyga, 422.
Eurystomus. 214, 215.
Euryzona, 493, 494.
Euscartlimus, 289-92.
everetti (Amata), 436, 439.
— (Diacrisia), 132.
— (Pericallia), 167.
Evius, 16.
Excalfactoria, 191.
cxciibitor (Lanius), 241.
exiraia (DiacrU'ia), 143.
exin]iu.s (Neritos), 186.
cxquisita (Pipra). 258, 307.
exU'nsicauda (Prinia), 238.
eytoni (Dendrocolaptcs), 324.
— (Dendrornis), 324, 325, 427,
faber (Cyanops), 220.
{adus (Sesia), 454.
falacra (Halisidota), 59.
falacroides (Halisidota), 59.
Ealcinellus, 491.
Falco, 209, 210, 213, 409, 500.
falco (Automeris), 474.
farinosa (Amazona), 406, 407.
— (Chrysotif), 406.
farinosus (Psittacus), 406.
fasciata (Apantosis), 174.
— (Atticora), 269.
— (Hirundo), 269.
— (Palaeornis), 220.
— (Pipra), 303, 306.
— (Rallina), 494.
— (Virbia), 79.
fasciatus {Cyinl>iIaiiiuR), 336.
— (Opharus), 50.
— (Palaeornis), 220.
— (Rallus), 493.
— (Syntarctia), 38.
fasciicauda (Pipra), 303-6, 360, 427.
fasciipuncta (Autoniolis). 19.
favillacea (Automolis), 18.
felderi (Antarctia), ISO.
— (Autoniolis), 28.
— (Diacrisia), 124.
— (Elysius), 44.
fcminina (Hypocncniis), 300.
fencstrata (Autumolis), 20.
— (Pscudapiconoma), 445.
fcrghana (Phragmatobia), 113.
furox (Myiarclius), 301, 302.
ferriiginea (Ancylochcilus), 499.
— (Athene), 414.
— (Merops), 483.
ferruginea (Musoicapa), 227.
— (Myrmeciza), SO.").
— (Oiih.arus), 47.
fcrrugineifronfi (PacliysylviaV 267.
ferruginous (Callus). 191.
— (Hemichelidon), 227.
— (Tetrao), 191.
— (Turdus), 365.
fcrruginosa (Holomclina), 76,
fervida (Opodiphtcra), 474.
— (Phragmatobia), 115.
festiva (Amazona), 407.
— (Chrysotis), 407.
festivus (Psittacus), 407.
ficus (PachyHa), 448, 450.
fimbriata (Agwtria), 375.
fimbriatus (Trochilus), 375.
tinscbi (Paradisca), 489.
Hammans (Autoniolis), 22.
Hammcola (Diacrisia), 143.
flava (Diacrisia), 139, 141.
— (Motacilla), 245.
liavalis (Diacrisia), 132.
Ilavata (llaenas), 118.
Havens (Diacrisia), 132, 134.
tiaveolum (Diacrisia), 136.
liaveseens (Automolis), 20.
— (Baritius), 39.
— (Halisidota), 69.
Havia (Phragmatobia), 114, 115.
flaribrunnea (Idalus), 8.
llavicauda (Amastus), 52, 65.
Haricollis (Dupetor), 201.
— (Hcmitbraupis), 278, 427.
— (Nemosia), 278.
— (Pipra), 303-6, 427
— (Prumala). 10.
Havicosta (.-icantliarctia), 150.
— (Elysius), 45.
Ilavida (Cilaucostola), 35.
— (Zatrepbes), 13.
Havidus (C'reatonotus), 160.
Ilavifrons (Diacrisia), 122.
— (Picumnus), 386.
Ilavigula (Cbloroncrj)es), 381.
— (Pious), 381.
(lavimaculata (Opharus), 48.
Ilavinotata (Automolis), 21.
ilaviprymna (Munia), 501.
Ilavipuncta (.Melesse), 32.
— (Zatrcplics), 14.
Havipunctata (Opharus), 49.
Ilavirostris (Pteroglossus), 399, 428.
Ilavitincta (Diacrisia), 154.
Ilavivcna (Hcliactinidia), 80.
tiaviventer (Dacuis), 270.
— (Rhynchocyclus), 295.
( 523 )
flaviventer (Tesia), 480.
flavivontris (CaUistc), 274.
— (Muscipeta), 295.
— (Platycercus), 500.
— (Rhynchocyclus), 295, 290.
davivertex (Elaenia), 294.
— (Elainea), 294.
flavouinerea (Stigmatura), 292.
flavo-cinereus (Phylloscartes), 292.
flavocristatus (Parus), 242.
flavodorsata (Berthokiia), 33.
ihvvogastcr (Elaenia), 293.
— (Pipra), 293.
flavolavata (Amata), 434.
flavomarginata (Automolis), 21.
— (Robiiisonia), 6.
flavorufa (Halisidota), 06.
tiavotliora.K (Demolis), 15.
flavus (Crocomorplius), 385.
— (Pious), 385.
flemmingi (Virbia), 78.
floccosa (Ischnocampa), 40.
florescens (Estigracne), 102.
florirUim (Eupsodosoma), 12.
Florisuga, 375.
fluviatilis (Hydrodielidon), 497.
— (Muscisa-xicola), 285, 428.
— (Podicops), 196.
Fluvicola, 284.
foetida (Gracula), 317.
foetidus (Gymnoderus), 317.
fogra (Pruraala), 10.
fokiensis (Psittipanus), 242.
foliacia (Zatrephes), 13.
forficatus (Elanoides), 413.
— (Falco), 413.
formana (.Automolis), 21.
Formicarius, 353, 360, 368, 369.
Formicivora, 346, 349, 303, 364.
formosae (Dcndrocitta), 253.
— (Pycnonotus), 190, 230.
fosteri (Antarctia), 179.
franclvi (Elysius), 42.
Franoolinus, 192.
Fratci'cula, 502.
fraterculus (Dendrornis), 326.
— (Pericrocotus), 227.
fraterna (Diacrisia), 145.
Fregata, 500.
friga (Gonotrephea), 5.
Fringilla, 247, 272, 275.
fringillaris (Empidocliaiicri), 30l.
frontalis (Pitylus), 280.
fruhstorferi (.\mata), 435.
fucata (Emljeriza), 246.
fulgurata (.\utomolis), 27.
FuUca, 196, 421.
fulica (Colyrabus), 422.
— (Heliornis), 422.
fiiliginosa (Automolis), 187.
— (.\zatrci)lic3), 14.
— (Chaimarrornis), 220.
— (Dendrocincla), 334.
— (Halisidota), 60.
— (Phoenicura), 226.
— (Phragmatobia), 115, 110.
— (Rhyacornis), 226.
— (Sterna), 498.
— (Xanthojiygia), 220.
fuliginosus (Dendrocopus), 334.
— (Elysius), 42.
— (Kangurus), 92.
— (Macropus), 80, 91, 92, 106.
fulminans (Pruiuala), 9.
fulvescens (Erioatepta), 15.
— (Nemosia), 278.
fulvieauda (Basiloutorus), 205.
— (Musoicapa), 205.
fulvifacies (Cryptolopha), 225.
fulvigularis (Myiobius), 300.
fulviventris (Grallaria), 370.
fulWzonata (Amastus), 54.
fulvohirta (Diacrisia), 148.
fulvus (Charadrius), 200.
fumida (Rhodogastria), 185.
fumifrons (Todirostrura), 289.
funiigata (Dendrocincla), 334.
— (Merula), 259.
fumigatus (Turdus), 259, 260.
funebris (Ochrodota). 36.
furcata (Thalurania), 376.
— (Tricyplia), 40.
fiircatoides (Thalurania), 370.
turcatus (Nauclerus), 413.
Eurcifer (Hydropsalis), 380.
Furnarius, 317.
furva (Eressa), 437.
furvus (Tliryothorus), 204.
lusca (Amastus), 54.
— (Halcyon), 215.
— (Hemihyalea), 50.
— (Pygarctia), 175.
fuscata (Lusciniola), 239.
— (Muscipeta), 300, 301.
— (Phyllopneuste), 23'J.
— (Phylloscopus), 239.
— (Sterna), 498.
fuscatus (Empidocliancs), 300, 301.
— (Lanius), 241.
fuscescens (Hemihyalea), .">!.
fuscica villus (Picolaptcs), 33(1.
f uscicoUis (Tringa), 425.
f uscipcnnis (Hypoerisias), 82.
fusoitiucta (Diacrisia), 130, 155.
( 524 )
fuscovenata (Diacrisia), 127.
fuscus (Artamus), 240.
— (Pionus), 408.
— (Psittacus), 40ij.
— (Totanus), 199.
gaimardii (Elaenia), 294.
— (Muscicapara), 294.
galactina (Pericallia), 1U9.
Galbula, 388-90.
galbula (.-\Icedo), 388.
— (Galbula), 388.
— (Oriolu.s), 343.
galgula(.\lauda), 246.
Gallicrex, 196.
Gallinago, 198, 499.
gallinago (Gallinago), 198.
Gallinula, 196, 494.
Gallus, 191.
— (Gallu.s), 191.
gandolphei (Ocnogyna), 84.
gangara (Amsacta), 157.
gangis (Creatonotus), 160.
garbei (Myrmotherula), 350.
garleppi (Automolis), 2.5.
— (Palaeomolis), 175.
Garrulax, 189, 233.
Garrulus. 490, 502.
Garzetta, 202, 499.
garzettA (Garzetta), 202.
Gecinus, 189, 190, 222.
geislerorura (Acluroedus), 485,
Gelochelidon, 197, 497, 498, 502.
generosa (Halcyon), 215.
genibarbis (Tliryothorus), 263, 427.
— (Xenops), 322.
genistieri (Proparus), 231.
Gennaeus, 191.
genoveva (.\mastns), 53.
Geocichla, 236.
geoffroyi (Coccyziis), 401.
— (Neomorphus). 401.
— (Ochthodromus), 20t).
gcometriea (Eucyrta), 24.
— (Pericallia), 169.
gcorgiensis (HyalaetUea), 440.
Gcotrygon, 417.
germanica (Diacrisia), 146.
Gervaisia, 235.
gigant«a (Antarotia), 178.
— (Zatrcphes), 13.
gigantcus (.Macropus), 86, 87, 88, 90-96, 106.
gigas (Callitorais), 429.
gilolensis (.Vmata), 434.
gilviooUis (Micrastur), 410.
— (Sparvius), 410.
glandarius (Garrulus), 490.
glai)hyra (Pliragmatobia), 113.
Glareola, 201, 499.
glareola (Totanus), 199.
glattignyi (.\rdices), 116.
Glaucidium, 190, 205, 414.
Glaucis, 373.
Glaucopis, 252.
Glaucostola, 35, 187.
glaucus (Thamnoniancs), 343, 344.
globulosa (Crax), 417.
Glyphorhynchus, 324.
gnosia (Ncaxia), 14.
godmani (Automolis), 23.
Gonotrephcs, 5.
goodsoni (Phylloscopus), 190, 240.
— (Stachyridopsis), 232.
gopara (Diacrisia), 136.
gorgon (Epistor), 452.
Gorsachius, 202.
Gorsakius, 202.
gortynoides (Caratlils), 38.
Gouldia, 377.
gouldi (Phonygammus), 491.
gouldii (Pteroglossus), 400.
— (Selenidera), 400, 427.
gracilipes (Tyranniscus), 293.
gracilis (Pipra). 307, 308.
Gracula, 234, 251, 317.
Grallaria, 369, 370.
Graminicola, 189, 237.
gramraieus (Celeus), 384.
— (Picus), 384.
grammodes (Automeris), 475.
granadensis (C'apito). 395.
Granatellus, 265, 266.
grandis (Alcedo), 217.
— (Automolis), 22.
— (Baritius), 40.
— (Dissemurus), 248.
— (Eupsodosom.a), 12.
— (.Tacamcrops), 390.
— (Phoenicurus), 479.
— (Ruticilla). 479.
Graucalus, 190, 227, 228.
(iraydidascalus, 407.
grioscus (Turdus), 363.
grisca (Bituryx), 71.
— (Formicivora), 363.
— (Nezula), 38.
grLseata (.ireomolis), 17.
griscicapilla ((.'arpophaga), 194.
grisciccps ( Pla(yrinclnis), 285. 2S6, 287.
grisclfrons (Pachysylvia), 268, 427.
griscigularis (Pericrocotus), 227.
griscipcnnis (.\utomolis), 23.
griscivcnUis (llypocucmis), 357, 428.
( 625 )
griseiventris (Pithys), 357.
griseola (Ischnocampa), 4(5.
griseolateralis (Cyphorliinus). iG2.
— (Uucolepis), 262, 263, 427.
griseonitens (Automolis), 20.
griseorufa (Zatrephcs), I'.i.
griseotincta (Neritos), 72.
grisescens (Bcrllioldia), 33.
grossa (Loxia), 279.
grossiis (Loxia), 279.
— (Pityliis), 279.
Grus, 201, 502.
grus (-'\rdca), 502.
— (Grus), 201.
guapisa (Automolis), 505.
gueinzii (Imbrasia), 474.
gueriui (Gecinus), 222.
guianensis (Cyclorliis), 2(39.
— (Nyctidromus), 380.
— (Psittacula), 405.
— (Synallaxis), 317.
G'uiraca, 280.
gujanensis (Cyclarhis), 2U9.
— (Motacilla), 317.
— (Odontoi)horus), 417.
— (Synallaxis), 317, 318.
— (Tanagra), 269.
— (Tetrao), 417.
giilaris (Accipiter), 210, 211, 212.
— (Astur), 211.
— (Paroaria), 281, 428.
— (Psittiparus), 241, L'42.
— (Tanagra), 281.
gulgula (Alauda), 240.
guttata (Chlamydera), 480.
— (Dendrornis), 324, 427.
— (Ortalis), 418, 428.
— (Penelope), 418.
— (Rhopotliera), 354.
— (Stachyris), 231.
gultatoides (Dendrornis), 324, 325, 427.
— (Nascia), 324.
guttatus (Deiidiucolaptcs), 324, 320.
— (Thamnophilus), 364.
— (Tinanius), 419.
guttipalpis (Glaucostula), 35.
guttulata (Corylc), 215.
gutturaUs (Hirundu), 225.
— (MyrmotUcrula), 347, 348.
gutturata (Siptornis), 320.
gutturatus (Anabates), 320.
Gymnoderus, 317.
Gymnopithys, 300.
gymnops (Anoplops), 360.
— (Rhegmatorhina), 366.
Gyninostinops, 282.
Gypagus, 409.
Gypopsitta, 408, 427.
gyroloides ((Jalospiza), 273.
hadenoides (Halisidota), 08.
hades (Elysius), 42.
— (Pseudopharus), 52.
Hadrostomus, 313.
iiaemacta (Hyperthacuia), 33.
Haemanota, 35, 506.
hacmatoessa (Metarclia), 442.
haematonota (Formieivora), 349.
— (Myrmotherula), 349.
liaematosticta (Nconerita), 16.
haeiuatostygma (Mesopicus), 383.
— (Veniliornis), 383, 427.
haemorrhoidea (Baritius), 39.
haemorrhous (Cacicus), 282.
haenschi (Autarctia), 179.
hagenbecki (Macropus), 86, 87, 96, 107, lOS.
hahiieli (Papilio), 447.
hainana (Diacrisia), 123.
— (Rbodogastria), 185.
— (Siphia), 189, 225, 226.
liainanus (Eulabes), 251.
— (Gecinus), 189, 222.
— (Gracula), 251.
— (Harpactes), 218.
— (Ixus), 229.
— (Lepocestes), 189, 221.
— (Parus), 242.
— (i'omatorbinus), 232.
— (Psittiparus), 241, 242.
— (Pycnonotus), 229, 230.
— (Rbopodytes), 190, 218.
— (Tepbrodornis), 240.
— (Turdinulus), 190, 230.
— (Turtur), 190, 195.
Halcyon, 215.
lialiactus (Pandion), 214.
ilalisidota, 56-70, 188, 505, 506.
llalmaturus, 104.
balsueti (Spelaeornis), 480, 481.
bampsoni (Aiuastus), 52.
— (Amsacta), 157.
— (Elyaius), 42.
— (Melessc), 31.
— (Neritos), 73.
— (Opkarus), 48.
— (Palaeoniolis), 175.
bardwickii (CUloropsis), 228.
Harpactes, 189, 218.
Harpagus, 413.
Harpiprion, 423.
harjiyia (Jlorpluis), 412.
— (Thrasaetus), 412.
— (Vultur), 412.
35
( •'52(5 )
liartorti (Aut<iniolis), 2'y.
hauxHelli (Formicivoia), ',H6.
- (Menila). 2r,9.
— (Myrmothcnila), :i4(i, 128.
— (Turdus), 259, 200. 20 1,
hebe (Amaxia). 16.
hebetis (.Meles.sc), 30.
Heleodytcs, 261.
Heliactinidia, 80.
helias (Ardea), 422.
— (Eurypyga), 422.
Heliornis, 422.
HeUothiix, 377.
Helodromas, 425.
helops (Ammalo), 34.
helvetica (Squatarola), 200, 498.
Hemcroplanes, 448, 451, 452.
Hemichelidon, 227.
Iiemigena (Phragmatobia). 84.
hemihyala (Ischnocampa), 46.
Hemihyalca, 50-52.
heniileuca (Hypocnemis), 361, 428.
— (Loxophlebia), 505.
hemimelaena (Myrmcciza), 364.
Hemipipo, 302.
Hemithraupis, 278, 427.
Hemixus, 229.
henrici (Amata), 437.
hermia (Elysius), 43.
Herodias, 202.
herois (Automolis), 18.
heros (Pepsis), 461.
Herpetotheres, 413.
Herpornis, 230.
HcterocercuEi, 312.
Heterocnemis, 352, 360.
Heteropelma, 310.
heterurus (Xenops), 32*2.
Hierococcyx, 220.
hierogljrphica (.\utomolis), 11.
hilaris (Actinotc), 467.
Himantopiis, 498.
hippia (Idalus), 7.
hirsuta (Glaucis), 373.
hirsutus (Troohiius), 373.
hirimdinaceus (Melanerpcs), 383.
Hirundo, 225, 269, 271, 501.
hispanioa (Motacilla), 479.
— (Saxicola). 479.
hispanus (Bul)o), 110, 111.
hispidus (Phocthorais), 373, 374.
— (Troohiius), 373.
histrionica (Opharus), 49.
hoffmannsi (Anoplops), 2.58, 305, 366, 427.
— (Bituryx), 71.
— (Dendrocolapte.'i), 335, 336, 427.
— (HaUsidota), 59.
hoffmannsi (Hyiwrlhaema), 30.
— (.Myrinotlieiula), 349, 427.
— (Pijira), 258.
— (Thaumomanes), 343, 344.
Hulomelina, 75, 76.
holophaca (Ncritos), 72.
holoxantha (Diaerisia), 138.
hoUoydi (Mieroptcrnus), 221.
homeyeri (Phyllopneuste), 239.
— (Phylloscopus), 239.
— (Tcracotona), 181.
hoiiora (Antarctia), 177.
honorata (Eudynanii!;), 219.
honoiaUi-s (Eudj-namis), 219.
Hoploj)lcrus, 200.
Hoj)loxyiiterus, 424.
Horcites, 238.
hosei (Diacrisia), 137.
huaeo (Hahsidota), 59.
hubcri (Thamnophilub), 337, 338, 339.
huegenini (Ocnogj-na), 84.
huhula (Athene), 415.
— (Ciccaba), 415.
— (Strix), 415.
humaj'thae (Sclateria), 353. 127.
humboldti (Pteroglossus), 400.
humei (Sphenotichla), 482.
humeralis (.\mata), 431.
hiimilis (PoUoaetus), 214.
— (Turtur), 195.
humosa (Halisidota), 70.
Hyalaethea, 439, 440.
Hyalai'ctia, 55.
hyalina (Amastus), 54, 55.
— (Automolis), 23, 506.
hyahnipuncta (Hali.sidota), 56.
Hyalocoa, 79.
liybrida (Hydrochelidon), 497.
Hybiis, 500.
Hydroeheiidon, 197, 497.
Hydrojjhasianus, 201.
Hydiophasis, 201.
Hydroprogne, 197, 497, 498.
Hydrop.saUs, 379, 380.
Hylexetastes, 329, 330, 427.
Hylocharis, 375, 376.
hylonome (Actinote). 464.
Ilylopliilus, 260, 267, 268.
Hypaedaha, 29.
Hypcraiidra, 29.
hypciboieu.-i (Pliahiiopus), 197.
Hypeicliiiia, 476.
hypcrhuda (Diacrisia), 152, 153.
hypuirhynehiis (Bucco), 391.
Hypeiihacma, 35, 30.
hyperythrus (Myrmelastes), 352.
Hyphantria, 101.
( 5^7 )
Hyphoraia, 82, 83.
hypnaleus (Bucco), 302.
Hypocnemis, 353-Gl, 427, 428.
Hypocrisias, 82.
hypoleuca (Hetcrocnpinis), SCO.
— (Hypocnemis), 3G0.
liypoleucos (Proclromus), 490.
hypoleucus (Myrmochanes), 3G1.
— (Tringoides), 109.
Hypomolis, 174.
Hyponcrita, 506.
hj'pophaea (Virbia), 78.
hypopjTra (Ainpelis), 314.
— (L.aniocera), 314.
hypospodia (SynaUaxis), 317.
hyposticta (Anabates), 320.
hypostictus (CampylorhyncUiis), 201.
— (Heleodytes), 261.
Hypotb^Tui-s, 225, 226.
Hypsipetes, 229.
hypsipetes (Actinotc), 408.
Ibis, 203.
Ibycter, 409.
icasia (Ecpantberia), 173.
ichneumoniformis (Eres.5a), 438.
Icterus, 283.
Ictinia, 413.
Idalus, 6, 8.
ignavus (Bubo), 111.
iguita (Dioaeum), 243, 211.
— (Nectarinia), 243.
iguobiUs (Turdus), 258, 259.
ignotus (Seleucides), 488.
illigeri (Todirostrum), 289.
iloidea (Automolis), 29.
ilus (Automolis), 29.
— (Noctua), 11, 20.
— (Perigonia), 448, 453.
— (Prumala), 29.
Imbrasia, 473, 474.
imbuta (Estigmene), 101, 162.
immaculata (Diacrisia), 139.
— (Rallina), 493.
immanis (Elysius), 44.
imijarilis (Diacrisia), 147.
imjjerialis (Pcricallia), 109.
— (Tricyplia), 40.
implaccns (Elaenia), 294.
inaequalis (Diacrisia), 135.
inaurata (Belemnia), 81.
incaruata (Apliylu), 8.
inccrtus (Dysithamnus), 341.
— (Melesse), 32.
— (Thamnophilus), 339, 341.
incisa (Prumala), 10.
incoguita (Baza), 214.
inconspicua (Diacrisia), 131.
— (Melesse), 32.
indica (Arctia), 153.
— (Chalcophaps), 195.
■ — (Dendronantluts). 245.
— (Diacrisia), 121.
— (Motacilla), 245.
— (Upupa), 217.
indicus (Caprimulgus), 223.
— (Limonidromas), 245.
— (Oriolus), 248.
indistincta (Prumala), 9.
iudranee (Stri.^), 206.
— (Syrnium), 205, 206.
inequalis (Neritos), 73.
inexpectata (Halisidota), 70.
inexpectatus (Copsycbus), 235.
iufumata (Tachornis), 223.
iufiimatus (Tachornis), 223.
iufuscatus (Anabates), 321.
— (Automolus), 321, 427.
ingens (Halisidota), 56.
innexa (Buohanga), 249.
— (Dicrurus), 240, 250.
inornata (Amazona), 4O0.
— (Chrysotis), 4(J6.
— (Priuia), 238.
— (SynaUaxis), 317, 318.
inornatus (Amblyornis), 487.
inpleta (Diacrisia), 148.
inquisitor (Psaris), 313.
— (Tityi-a), 313.
inscriptus (Pteroglossus), 399, 400, 427.
iusignis (Ceryle), 190, 216.
— (Tacliyphonus), 270.
— (Carpoj)haga), 104.
— (Dendrornis), 325.
insipida (JIaIlocei)hala), 177.
insolata (Amsaeta), l.'>7.
insulae (Dendrocitta), 190, 252, 253.
insularis (Amaurornis), 106.
— (Halisidota), 61.
insulata (.\mmalo), 34.
insulsa (Elysius), 44.
intacta (Bituryx), 71.
Integra (Antriotricha), 79.
— (Pcricalba), 171.
inteusa (Actinotc), 463.
— (Diacri.-ia), 130.
— (Eressa), 438.
— (Halisidota), 61.
— (Melesse), 30.
— (Prumala), 9, 10.
iufcnsus (Elysius), 45.
intercedens (Ptilorhis), 488.
interfixa (Estigmene), 161.
( 528 )
interlincata (Halisidota), CO, 01.
intermarginalis (Acaiitliarctia), 155.
intermedia (Automolis), 28.
— (Coluraba), 194.
— (Diacrisia), 131, 1.50, 153.
— (Opharus), 48.
intermedins (Capito), 3'J5.
— (Cuoulus), 2'20.
— (Gracula), 251.
— (Mainatun), 251.
— (Proparus), 231.
iiitcrpositu.s {Bul)n). HI.
interpre.s (.Vrenaria), 201.
intcrrupta (Perigonia), 453.
inler-striata (Halisidota), 08.
intricata (Diacrisia), 153.
inuus (Hemeroplanes), 448, 1.52.
inversa (Autoraolis), 25.
— (Diacrisia), 148.
investigatorum (Diacrisia). 121).
involuta (Eiipsodosoma), 12.
iodea (Pachydota), 36.
iohanriis (Euscartlimus), 289, 290.
ione (Diacrisia), 135, 130.
iphis (Aleuron), 448, 452.
ipsea (Prumala), 9.
irene (Diacrisia), 143.
iridescens (Halisidota), 70.
— (Zatreplies), 14.
iris (Salassa), 471.
irragori (Automolis), IS.
irregularis (Diacrisia), 125.
— (Rstigmene), 106.
— (Idalus), 8.
irrorata (Diacrisia), 119.
■ — (Zatrephcs), 14.
Isabella (Diacrisia), 154.
isabolUnus (Macropus), 80, 96, 97, 99, 101, 107.
Ischnocampa, 46, 47, 188, 506.
Isognatlius, 450.
ispida (.Alcedo), 217.
iss}d<a (Pliragmalobia), 113.
itumbana (Plancma), 403.
Ixobrychus, 499.
Ixus, 229.
lyngipicus, 190, 221.
lynx, 223.
Jabirii, 424.
Jacamerops, 390.
jacapa (Rampliocolus), 275.
jacarina (Volatinia), 281.
jacksoni (.\mata), 432.
— (Diacrisia), 140.
— (Estigmene), 104.
— (Seirarctia), 176.
jacobaeac (Tyria), 74.
jacqiiaiju (Penelope), 418, 428.
jamaiccnsis (Prumala), 9.
jamesi (Phonygammus), 484, 490, 491
jankowskyi (Amata), 434.
Janthothorax, 491.
japix (Enj'o), 452.
japonica ((Jotuniix), 191, 192.
— (Diacrisia). 131.
— (Ninox). 200.
— (Phragmatobia), 116.
japonieus (Cerelmeis), 213.
— (Falco), 213.
javana (Diacrisia), 137.
javanica (Anas), 204.
— (Ardca), 202.
— (Butorides), 202.
— (Dendrocygna), 204.
— (Diacrisia), 147.
javanicus (Leptoptilus), 203.
jeffcryi (Cissa), 253.
jerdoni (Baza), 214.
— (Lophastus), 214.
johni (Dissemurus), 248.
johnsoni (Casuarius), 493.
jonesi (Elysius), 45.
— (Halisidota), 02.
— (Hypocrisias), 82.
jotaka (Caprimulgus), 223.
jubata (Alopochen), 420.
jubatus (Anscr), 426.
— (Clienaloiiex), 420.
jucunda (Actinotc), 400.
juiiiana (Celeus), 384.
— (Picus), 384.
juno (Automolis), 22.
juruana (Dendroruis), 325, 320.
— (Drymopliila), 304.
— (Maenas), US.
— (Myrmothcrula), 351.
juruanus (Tliamuophilus), 339, 340, 3tl.
— (Tluyo(liorus), 263, 427.
juvcnis (Automolis), 21.
kadeui (Oryba), 447, 450.
kabonsis (lyngijiicus), 221.
iialidupensis (.\mata), 432.
Kaugurus, 92.
kauiiegieteri (Diacrisia), 132.
— (Trichacta), 431.
kaschmirieusis (Dysauxcs), 441.
katsumatae (Cissa), 253.
— (Polyjilectron), 191.
kebea (Diacrisia), 144.
keiensis (Ccryx), 429.
kenaedj'i (Diacrisia), 154.
( 529 )
kennedyi (Ecpantheri.i), 172.
— (Ncaxia), 15.
kenrecli (Amata). 43G.
kerguclensis (Mirouiiga). -iiCt.
Ketvipa, 206.
khasiana (.\mata). 435.
— (Diacrisia), 148.
— (Erossa), 438.
— (Estigmone), 162.
kieneri (Lophotriorclii.s), 213.
kienerii (Dendroplex), 327.
— (Dcndrorai.s), 327.
kindcrmanni (Phragmatotiia), 113.
kinkelini (Ecpantheria), 172.
Kittacincia, 234
kivuana (Planenia), 462.
klagesi (Agorea), 71.
— (Ammalo), 34.
— (Antarctia), 178.
— (Automolis), 23.
— (Carathm). 37.
— (Melesse), 31.
— (Neaxia), 14.
— (Rli\mohocyclus), 208.
— (Robinsonia), 187.
— (Zatrephes), 13.
Knipolegus, 284, 285, 428.
kuehiii (Ceryx), 430.
— (Hyalaethea), 439.
— (RhodogaRtria), 186.
kuhli (Leucopternis), 412, 427.
labecula (Hemihyalea), 51.
laboulbeni (Maenas), 118.
lactea (Rhodogastria), 185.
lacteogrisea (Halisidota), 63.
lactinea (Amsacta), 158.
laeta (Holomelina), 76.
laevis (Xanthopliaeiiia). 34.
lafreanayanus (C'ampyloihamphus), 333.
— (Dendrocolaptes), 333.
laglaizei (Estigmcne), 163.
lamark (Xlerops), 483.
Larapropsar, 283, 428.
Lamprothorax, 491.
lanceolata (Locustella), 239.
— (Sylvia), 239.
langsdoffi (Popelaiiea). 377.
— (Trochilus), 377.
langsdorfii (Gouklia), 377.
laniirostris (Euphonia), 272. 427.
Lanio, 275, 428.
Laniooera, 314.
Lauius, 241, 275, 299, 312, 3:!ii, 312. 313.
353.
laodamia (Mclcase), 30.
lapponica (Hyphoraia), 82.
— (Limosa), 200.
lari.s.ia (.\utomoli.>(). 19.
Laru.'?, 197, 498.
Larvirora, 236.
larvivorus (Graucalus), 190, 227, 228.
lasti (Axiopoeniella), 182.
— (Pericallia), 168.
lata (Holomelina), 76.
latania (Automolis), 24, 504, 505.
Lathiia, 314.
latifasciata (Acantharotia), 155.
— (Planema), 463.
latipennis (Diacrisia), 122.
latiradiata (Diacrisia), 141.
latirostre (Todirostrum), 289, 428.
latirostris (Alseonax), 227.
— (Euscarthmus), 289.
— (Muscicapa), 227.
latividens (Achias), 4.59.
lativitta (Automolis), 20.
latouchii (Aethopyga), 244.
latreilli (Ocnogyna), 83.
laudia (Opharus), 48.
lavendulae (Neritos), 73.
lavinea (Elysius), 42.
lawesi (Parotia), 487.
lawrencei (Empidonax), .300, 301.
layardi (Picolaptes). 330.
laymerisa (Axiopoeniella), 182.
lazulina (Chloropsis), 228.
— (Phyllornis), 228.
leachi (Isognathus), 4.50.
leechi (Amata), 433.
lefaivrei (Robinsonia). 6.
Legatus. 294.
leggei (Treron). 193.
lehmanni (Antarctia), 180.
— (Elysius), 46.
— (Virbia), 77.
leighi (Diacrisia), 141.
Leistes, 283.
lemniscata (Estigmenc), 162.
lempiji (Otus), 204.
— (Scops), 204.
Icnistriata (Microdota), ,506.
leonia (Mirounga), 446.
— (Phoca), 445.
Iconinus (Mirounga). 446.
leontine (Actinotc), 468, 469.
leopardiiia (Diacrisia), 135.
. — (Phragmatobia), 114.
leos (Pseudalus), 119.
Lepidoenas, 415.
Lcpocestes, 189, 221.
Ijeptarctia, 82.
Icptis (Planema), 463.
Leptodon, 413.
Leptoptila, 410.
Leptoptilu.s, 203.
leiicanina (Halisidota), 68.
leucanoides (CYeatonotus). 160.
leucocephala (Chainiarroinis), 226.
leucocephalu.s (Pandion), 214.
— (Pseudotantalus), 203.
leucogaster (Pionites). 408, 428.
— (Psittacus), 408.
leucogastra (Gallnila), 390.
— (Sula), 204.
leucogeny.s (Biichanga), 248.
— (Diciurus). 248, 349.
— (Falco), 213.
Leueogeranus, 502.
Leucolppia, 261.
Leucolepis, 261, 262, 263, 427.
leucomelaena (Araaurornis), 196.
leucomelanura (Ceryle), 216.
leucomelas (Ceryle), 216.
leucopareia (Hydrochelidon), 497.
leucophaea (Calidris), 499.
leucophrys (Hyj^oonemi.s), 357.
— (Pithys), 357.
leucophthalma (Myrmotherula), 346,
348.
leucophthalmus (Conurus), 403.
— (Psittacus), 403.
leucoplaga (Neritos), 72.
leueops (Monasa), 393.
— (Turdus), 260.
leuoopsis (Motacilla), 240.
leucoptera (Hydrochelidon), 197.
— (Psophia), 422, 427.
Leucopternis, 412, 427, 428.
leucopus (Perigonia), 457.
leucopyga (Lurocalis), 378.
— (Nyctiprogne), 378.
leucopygus (Capriinulgus), 378.
Leueorhampha, 448. 450.
leucorhoa (Saxicola), 478.
leucorrhous (Polytmus), 377.
— (Psilomycter), 377.
leucostigma (Rclateria), 352, 353, 427.
leucothorax (Aloa), 149.
leucoti.i (Thryothorua), 263.
leucura (Erator). 312.
— (Tityra), 312. 313. 427.
leucurus (Threnetes), 373.
— (TrochUus), 373.
levaillantii (Corvus), 254.
lewlsi (Diacrisia), 125.
lilicria (.Automeria). 474.
liby.ssa (Epimedia), 79.
licaon (Pholns), 454.
lichtensteinii (Euphonia), 272.
( 530 )
lichtensteinii (Phonasca), 272.
Licmetis, 500.
Uctor (Lanius), 299.
— (Pitangus), 299.
lifuensis (Diacrisia), 122.
lilfordi (Crus), 201.
Limicola, 198.
limonia (Pseudalus), 119.
Linionidromas, 245,
Liniosa, 199, 200, 499.
hmo.sa (Limosa), 199.
liiiaza (Automolis), 21.
linca (Estigmene), 164, 105.
lincata (Ardca), 424.
. — (Diacrisia), 149.
— (Halisidota), 62.
Uneatum (Tigrisoma), 424.
lineatus (Excalfactoria), 191.
— (Idalus), 7.
— (Lanius), 336.
— (Numenius), 200.
hneola (.■irasacta), 1.57.
— (Loxia), 280.
— (Sporophila), 280.
lineosa (Automolis), 29.
347, linteata (Elaenia), 312.
Unteatus (Heterocercus), 312.
lintinnabulans (Calamanthella), 237
Liosceles, 372, 427.
Lipangus, 314.
liparidioides (Estigmene), 163.
hparoides (Halisidota), 03.
littoralis (Elainca), 284.
— (Ochthornis), 284.
livia (Oolumba), 194.
lobata (Phalaropus), 197.
Lobobunaea, 255, 256, 472.
Loboparadisea, 491.
Loborhamphus, 491.
Locustella, 239.
loewii (OcnogvTia), 84.
lola (.Salassa), 470, 471.
longicauda (Bartramia), 425.
— (Deconychura), 334.
— (Dendrocincla), 334.
— (Myrmotherula), 346.
— (Tringa), 425.
longicaudata (Piiooj)yga), 482.
— (Spclaeornis), 481, 482.
— (Urociehla), 480, 482.
longicornis (.Agorca), 70.
longipennis (Geoinus), 190, 222.
— (Myrmotherula), 350, .351.
— (Nisaca), 82.
longiramia (Diacrisia), 143.
longirostris (Dendrocopus), 3.30.
— (Nasica), 330.
( 531 )
longirostris (Upupa), 217.
longividens (Achias), 450.
Lophaithyia, 49.5.
Lopha.stus, 214.
lophocampoides (Pnimala), 9.
Lophorina, 484, 487. 491.
Lophospiza, 207.
Lophospizias, 207.
Lophostrix, 413.
lophote.s (Baza), 21."!.
— (Faico), 21.3.
Lophotriorchis, 213.
loranthi (Opodiphtera), 474.
Loria, 491.
lorquini (Pericallia), 107.
lorquinii (Arotioneura). 167.
Loxia, 279, 280, 501, 5(l2.
Loxophlebia, 505.
lubricipeda (Diaerisia), 124, 125, 131
luciani (Conuriis), 403, 404.
— (Pyrrhura), 403.
lucianii (Pyrrhui'a), 403. 404.
hicida (Diacrisia), 130.
lucionensis (Lanius), 241.
luctuosa (Diacri.sia), 148.
luctuosus (Lanius), 353.
— (Myrmelastes), 353, 427.
— (Tachyphonus), 276.
lugubris (Cam])n])liaga), 228.
— (Ceryle), 215.
— (Cuculus), 219.
— (Epistor), 4.52.
— (Hypocnemis), 360.
— (Ischnocampa), 46.
— (Myrmonax), 360.
— (Surniculus), 219.
lunatus (Serilophiis), 223.
lurida (Automolis), 19.
— (Halisidota), 59.
— (Phragmatobia), 11.5.
luridoides (Automoli.i), 19.
Lurocalis, 378, 379.
I'.isca (Perigonia), 448. 45.3.
I-uscinia, 236.
Lusciniol.i, 239.
lutea (Diacrisia), 131, 134.
luteifrons (Pachysylvia). 267.
lutei%'cntris (Elaenia), 295.
— (JIyiozetct.es), 295.
luteola (Automolis), 24.
— (Poliomyias), 226.
luteomarginata (Amsacta), 158.
hiteoro.sea (Automolis), 18.
lutescens (Diacrisia), 140.
— (Idalua), 8.
lutosa (Automolis), 21.
Lyoocorax, 484, 491.
maasseni (Halisidota), GO.
macao (Ara), 402.
— (Psittacus), 402.
— (Sittaoe), 402.
macavuanna (Sittace), 402.
macci (Graucalus), 190, 227, 228.
macgregori (Cnemophilus), 487.
Macgregoria, 491.
macii (Graucalus), 227.
macquariensis (Mirounga), 446.
macrodactylus (Bucco), 392.
— (Cypho.s), 392.
Macropus, 86-109, 402.
Macropygia, 194.
macrorhynchos (Bucco), 301.
— (Corvus), 254.
macrorhynchus (Astur), 411.
— (Micrastur), 409.
macrostidza (Neritos), 72. 73.
macrotarsa (Gelocbelidor.). 407.
macroura (Eupetomena), 375.
macrourus (Circus), 207.
macrura (Cittocincla), 234.
macrurus (Caprimulgus), 223.
— (Kittaeincia), 234.
macularia (Grallaria). 370.
— (Pitta), 370.
maculata (Chlamydera), 486.
— (Halisidota), 57.
— (Muscicapa), 299.
— (Parevia), 17.
— (Tringa), 425.
maeulatuni (Todirostruni), 288.
maculatus (Anthus), 245.
— (Chalcoeoccyx), 219.
— (Chrysococeyx), 219.
— (Myiodynastes), 299.
— (Todus), 288.
maculicauda (Galbiila), 389.
— (Hypocnemis), 360, 361.
maculicaudus (Caprimulgus), 3S0.
maculicincta (Prumala), 9.
mneulifascia (Maenas), 116.
macnlipcnnis (Pj-giptila), .344.
— (Thamnopbilus), 344.
maculirostris (Pteroglossu.':), 400.
— (Seleni.lcra). 400, 401, 427.
maculosa (Diacrisia), 127. 128, 129.
— (Phragmatobia), 85.
maculosus (Aelurocdus), 485, 486.
madagascariensis (Apiastcr), 483.
— (Diacrisia), 138.
. — (Rhodogastria), 84.
madeirac (Tachyplionus). 277, 427.
Maen.a9, 110, 119, 506.
magdalcnae (Ecpanthcria). 172.
magna (Mallocephala), 177.
( 532 )
magna (Nycer3rx), 453.
magnifica (Elysius), 43.
— (Nycticorax), 189, 202.
— (Ptilorhis), 488.
— (Bhodogastria), 183.
magnirostris (Acanfhira), 501.
— (Esacus), 201.
— (Falco), 411.
— (Orthorhamphus), '201.
— (Rupornis), 411.
magnus (Boriogale), 88, 89.
— (Macropus), 88, 'JO, 108.
— (Saltator), 279.
Mainatus, 251.
maingayi (Strix), 206.
— (SjTnium), 205, 206.
Majaqueus, 497.
major (Dendrocopus), 220.
— (Diacrisia), 138.
— (Halisidota), 67, 505, 506.
— (Ochrodota), 30.
— (Opharus), 47.
— (Palaeornis), 220.
— (Parus), 242.
— (Polioaetus), 214.
— (SchifFornis), 310.
— (Thamnophilus), 33G, 337, 427.
malaecensis (Eressa), 437, 438.
— (Passer), 247.
MalacoptUa, 393.
malayensis (Maenas), 117.
MaUocephala, 177, 506.
mamona (Ischnocampa), 46.
Manacus, 309, 502.
manacus (Chiromachaeris), 309, 310, 427.
— (XIanacu.s), 309.
— (Pipra), 309.
mandarina (Diacri-sia), 1.35.
mandarinus (Turdus), 237.
mandelii (Proparus), 231.
mandus (Halisidota), 64, 65.
manilata (.\ra), 402.
manilatus (Psittaeus), 402.
manilcnsis (Falco), 209.
— (Nisus), 208.
manimbe (Myospiza), 281.
mannerheiini (I'liragmatobia), 85.
matini (Phragmatobia), 113.
manora (Idalus), 7.
maiLsueta (Hemihyalea), 50, 51.
Manucodia, 484, 490, 491.
marcessens (Antriotricha), 79.
Mareca, 203.
margana (Halisidota), 58.
margaritacca (Apliyle), 8.
margaritata (MjTmcciza), 344.
— (Pygiptila), 344.
marginalis (Amsacta), 156.
— (Crcatonotu.'!), 1.59.
marginata (Amsacta), 159.
— (Automolis), 24.
— (Robinsonia), ,5.
marginatus (Pachj-rhamphus), 313.
— (Todus), 313, 314.
mariae (Pteroglossus), 399, 428.
marmorata (Antarctia), 178.
marmoratus (Odonto)>hor\i»), 417.
marmorca (Baritius), 39.
marpessa (Eupsodosoma), 12.
marshallonim (Utcthcisa), 182.
martbae (Actinote), 4G5.
— (Belemnia), 81.
martii (Momotus), 387.
— (Prionites), 387.
— (Urospatha), 387.
masoni (Halisidota), 62.
mastacalis (llyiobius), 299.
mathani (Bituryx), 71.
(Holoraelina), 76.
^ (Pareria), 17.
matberana (Pcricallia), 171.
matromda (Pericallia), 171.
maura (Automnlis), 506.
— (Pratincola), 23,t.
mauretanica (Ocnogyiia), 84.
maxima (Rallina), 493.
— (Tanagra), 279.
maximiis (Bubo). 110.
— (Saltator), 279.
medarda (Virbia), 77.
meeki (Ceryx), 429.
— (Diacrisia), 144, 145.
— (Hyalaetbca), 439, 440.
meg.aocpliala (Tyrannula), 297.
megacephalus (Rhynchocychis), 297, 298.
Megalestris, 498.
megalops (Automcris), 474.
Megalornis, 502.
Megapicus, 385.
Megapodius, 493.
megastica (Salassa), 470, 471.
melacoryphus (Coccyzus), 401.
mclaena (Amata), 434.
— (Diacrisia), 147.
melalcuca (Halisidota), 68.
mclanaucben (Sterna), 197.
mchuicliolicus ('I'yrannus), 302.
melanchra (.Acmilia). 74.
Mclanerpes, 383.
melanocpphalus (Ibis), 203.
— (Tantalus), 203.
melanocorypbus (Coccygus), 401.
mclanogasttr (Conopojjbaga), 371.
mclanogastra (Amsacta), 156.
r 533 )
melanogastra (Conopophaga), 427.
— (Cuculus), 401.
— (Piaya), 401.
melanolaema (Hypociiemis), 358, 359, 427.
raelanoleuca (Atticora), 269.
— (Ecpantheria), 174.
— (Hirundo), 269.
— (Terenura), 361.
melanoleuoos (Campf]ihilus), 385.
— (Pious), 385.
niplanoleucus (Circus), 207.
melanolopha (.Ardea), 202.
— (Gorsakius), 202.
melanolophus (Gorsachius), 202.
melanopasta (Idalus), 8.
melanoiJe (Motacilla), 245.
melanoplaga (Elysius), 45.
melanopogon (Hypocnomi.s), 300, 361.
nielanoproctis (Halisidota), 69.
melanops (Macropus), 91-3.
raelanopsis (Pericallia), 170.
melanoptera (Tanagra), 274.
melanos (ThjTothorus), 263.
melanosehistus (Accipiter), 208.
raelanosoma (Diacrisia), 122.
niflanosternon (Gouldia), 377.
— (Popelairea), 377.
mclanosticta (Anoplops), 366, 421, 428.
— (Gymnopithys), 366.
— (Pithys), 366.
melanostigma (Diacrisia), 129.
melanotis (Capito), 395.
— (Dacnis), 270.
— (Milvus), 213.
— (Spilorni.s), 212.
melanoxantha (Hemithraupis), 278.
raelanura (Euphonia), 272.
— (Polytelis), .500.
melanuroides ( Liniosa), 199.
melanurus (Ramphoeaenus), 352, 428.
melas (Herailiyalea), 51.
luelea (Automolis), 27.
Melesse, 30-32.
raeliiia (Aotinote), 404.
Meliornis, 504.
mellivora (Florisuga), 375.
mendica (Diacrisia), 148.
raenetriesii (Myrraothera), 351.
— (llyrmotherula), 350, 351, 427.
menstruus (Pionus), 407.
mentlirasti (Diacrisia), 131.
mentiens (Virbia), 77, 78.
Mergus, 494.
meridana (.4ctinoto), 465.
meridanus (Xylophanes), 459.
meridensis (Halisidota), 61.
meridionalis (Antaxia), 11.
meridionalis (Automolis), 28.
— (Diacrisia), 134.
— (Halisidota), 58, 62.
— (Neritos), 73.
— (Trogon). 387.
Merops, 218. 482, 483.
Merula, 259.
merula (Dendrocincla), 334, 335.
— (Dendrocolaptes), 334.
— (Turdus), 237.
merulinus (Cacomantis), 220.
mesia (Actinote), 469.
Mesopicus, 383.
mesorrhoda (Amastus), 52.
mesosa (Salassa), 470, 471.
messeres (Actinote). 403.
metaohryseis (Parevia), 17.
metacrinis (.\utomolis), 19.
metaleuca (.icantharctia), 155.
— (Diacrisia), 126.
metalkana (Diacrisia), 142.
metapliaea (Hyalaethca). 440.
Metapioonoma, 444.
metap3nrrha (.\mmaIo), 34.
Metarctia, 442. 443.
metarlioda (Diacrisia), 140.
metaxantlia (Glaucostola). 35.
Metaxantliia, 70.
methaemia (Parevia), 17.
mexicana (Calospiza), 274.
— (Estigmene), 165, 166.
— (Tanagra), 274.
mexicanus (Dromococcyx), 402.
— (Sclerurus), 323.
mhondana (Diacrisia), 128.
Micrastur, 409, 410.
Microcerculus, 301.
Microdota, 506.
Micropternus, 221.
micropterus (Cuculus), 220.
SEoropus, 501.
micro.sticta (Formicivora), .303, 304.
militaris (Emberiza), 283.
— (Leistes), 283.
Milvus, 213, .500.
mindanensis (ttopsychus), 235.
mineosa (.iemilia), 74.
minerva (.Amastus), 54.
miniata (Zatrephes), 14, 187.
minima (Hypocrisias), 82.
minor (Ceryx), 431.
— (Cissa),"253.
— (Cittocincla), 234.
— (Euscarthmus), 291, 292.
— (Furnarius), 317.
— (Grallaria), 370.
— (Hadrostomus), 313.
( 534)
minor (Kittacinola), 234.
— (Lophorina), 487.
— (Macropygia), 194.
— (Opctiorhvnichus), 317.
— (Paradisca), 489.
— (Platalea), 203.
— (Podiccps). 49.->.
— (Pscudonaolia). 441.
— (Querula), 313.
— (Snrthlagea), 291, 202. 427.
minuta (Cettia), 238.
— ((Ailumba), 416.
— (Halisidota), 07.
— (Virbia), 77.
minutus (Horeites). 238.
Mionectes, 292.
mirandollei (.\stur), 409.
— (Micrastur), 409.
mirifica (Prcparctia). 82.
JDroiinga. 44."), 440.
Mitu, 417.
mitu (Crax). 417.
— (Mitu), 417.
— (Ourax), 417.
mixta (Halisidota), 57.
modesta (Psittacula), 404, 405.
— (Zatrephes), 14.
modulator (Leucolepia), 261.
— (Leucolepis), 261, 262, 203, 427.
— (Thryothorus), 201.
moerens (Automeris), 474.
moeschlcri (Halisidota), 59.
Molothrus, 282. 283.
moma (Automolis), 27.
mombasana (Diacri.'iia), 154.
momina (Actinote), 469.
momota (Momotus), 388.
— (Ramphastos), 388.
Jlomotus, ,387, 388, 502.
mona (Diacrisia), 130.
monaclnis (Dryonaste,';). 233.
Monasa, 393, 428.
mongolicus (Ochtliodromiis), 200.
monhoti (Buclianga), 249.
moniligcr (Garrulax), 1.89, 233.
montaiia (Columba), 417,
— (Diacri.sia), 143, 145.
— (fifotrygon), 417.
— (Orcopeleia), 417.
— (Passer), 247.
— (Saxicola), 478.
raontanus (Passer), 247.
Monticola, 230.
moorei (.\msacta). 159.
Morinella, 498.
Morionia, 250.
morphoens (Bucco), 393.
morphoeu.'! (Alonasa), 393, 428.
Morphus, 412.
morrisoniana (.Alcippe), 231.
mortua (Diacrisia), 142.
mortuorum (Cocytius), 448.
morula (Robinsonia), 5.
Motacilla, 244, 245, 246, 268, 209, 271, 317, 479,
494.
mngimaki (Muscicapa), 226.
multicolor (Automolis), 18.
multiguttata (Dcndrornis). 326.
— (Diacrisia), 138.
multiguttatus (N.asica), 326.
multimapulata (Robinsonia), 5.
multivittata (Diacrisia). 121.
— (Estigmene), 164.
multostriata (Myi-motherula), 34.'), 340.
mundata (Diacrisia), 140.
mundator (Isclinocampa), 47.
JIunia, 247, 500.
murinus (Dysithamnus). 343.
— (Thamnophilus), 343.
mus (Ecpantheria). 172.
Muscicapa, 226, 227, 265, 284, 292, 295-302, 310,
314, 315, 343, 345, 372.
Muscicapara, 294.
muscicapina (Pachysylvia). 268, 427.
muscicapinus (Hylophilus), 268.
Muscipeta, 295, 300, 301.
Muscisaxicola, 285, 428.
Muscivora, 302.
muscosa (Halisidota), 69.
musculus (Troglodytes). 264.
musicus (Copsyehus). 235.
— (Turdus), 237.
mustelina (Synallaxis), 318.
mutus (Saltator), 279.
Mycteria, 424.
mycteria (Ciconia). 424.
— (Jabiru), 424.
Mydas. 401.
mygdon (Bclemnia), si.
Myiarcluis, 3(il, 302.
Myiobius, 299, 300.
MyiodjTiastes, 299.
Myiopatis, 293.
Myiothera, 323, 364.
myiotherina (Hypocncmis), 359.
Myiozetetes, 295.
Mycspiza, 281.
myo.sticta (Bertholdia), 32.
Myothcra, 369.
niyotherina (Hypocncmis), 358, 3.59, 427.
myothcrinus ('riiamnophilus), 358.
Myrmeciza, 344, 364, 305.
Myrmelastes, 352, 353, 427.
JIjTmochanes, 361.
( 535 )
Myrmonax, 360.
Myrmothera, 349, 351.
Myrmotherula, 345-52, 427, 428.
mystacalis (Vireosyhia), 268.
nacunda (Capriniulgus), 379.
— (Podager), 379.
naevia (Conopopliaga), 355, 356.
— (Hypocnemis), 354, 355, 356, 428.
— (Pipra), 354, 355.
— (Tapera), 402.
naevius (Cuculus), 402.
— (Diplopterus), 402.
napensis (Actinote), 40G.
— (Chiroxiphia), 309.
— (Tachyphonus), 277.
narcissina {Mu.scioapa), 22G.
— (Xantliopygia), 227.
nascia (Licmetis), 500.
Nasica, 324, 326, 330.
nattereri (Amazona), 407, 427.
— (Attila), 315, 310, 427.
— (Caprimulgu.s), 379.
— (Chrysotis), 407.
— (Lurocalis), 379.
— (Momotus), 388.
— (Pipra), 307, 308, 427.
— (Platyrinchus), 285, 287, 427.
— (Psittacus), 407.
— (Rupornis), 411.
— (Tachyphonus), 277.
Nauclerus, 413.
nauscia (Hyperchiria), 470.
Neaxia, 14, 15.
nebularius (Totanus), 199.
nebulo.sa (Diacrisia), 153.
— (Hahsidota), 04, 06.
nechus (Xyloplianes), 4,55.
Nectarinia, 243.
Neeressa, 439.
nega (Idalus), 7.
negleeta (Columba), 194.
— (Diaorisia), 121.
— (Euchlaenidia), 75.
neglectum (Aleuron), 448, 452.
negrita (Anisacta), 159.
Neidalia, 6.
neleiis (Actinote), 464.
Nemosia, 278, 279.
Neocrex, 422.
Neomorphus, 401, 402.
Neonerita, 16.
Neophema, 500.
Neopipo, 308.
Nephele, 457.
nephelistis (Pericallia), 108.
Ncritos, 72-4, 186, 505, 506.
nero (Halisidota), 56.
nervosa (Pachydota), 37.
Nettion, 203.
Nettopus, 204.
neuriastis (Estigmene). 163.
neurica (Diaerisia), 506.
neurographa (Diaerisia), 144.
newarensis (Bulaca), 206.
— (Syi-nium), 205, 206.
newtoniana (Prionodura), 487.
nexa (Opharus), 49.
Nezula, 38.
niceta (Diaerisia), 149, 150, 152, 153.
nieylla (Actinote), 467, 408, 409.
nigellicauda (Oriolus), 248.
— (Psaropholus), 248.
nigellicaudus (Oriohia), 248.
niger (Pach3Thamphus), 314.
nigerrimus (Hyj5sipetes). 229.
nigra (Crypsirhina), 251, 252.
— (Temnurus), 251.
nigrescens (Caprimulgus), 381.
— (Cercomacra), 362.
— (Diaerisia), 143.
— (Dicrurus), 249.
— (Halisidota), 69.
— (Pelochyta), 40.
— (Perenostola), 302.
— (Stenopsis), 381.
— (Tricj'pha), 40.
nigricans (Estigmene), 166.
— (Rallus), 493.
nigricauda (Agyrtria), 375.
nigricollis (Anthracothoi'ax), 377.
— (Busarellus), 411.
— (Falco), 411.
— (Neritos), 74.
— (Phoenieircus), 316.
— (Phoenicoeereus), 316.
nigridorsata (Ischnocampa). 46.
nigrifrona (Bucco), 393.
— (Diaerisia), 120.
— (Formicarius), 368.
— (Monasa), .393.
nigrilinea (Heliaetinidia). 80.
nigrivena (Isehnoeampa), 46.
nigrobasalis (Amata), 436.
nigrocincta (Calospiza), 274, 428.
nigrocinereus (Tiiamno])liiluB), 337, 338, 339,
428.
nigrogularis (Ramphocelus), 27.5.
— (Tanagra), 275.
nigroniacidata (Phlegopsis), 367, 368, 427.
nigropunctjita (.\utomolis), 19.
— (Mclesse), 31.
nigrostellatus (Poniatorliinus), 232, 233.
( 536 )
nigrostriivta (Aaorea), 71.
nigroteeta (Poephila), 5U1.
nikolskii (Bubo), 111.
nilotica (Geloehelidon), 497, 502.
Ninox. 206.
nipalensis (Pitta). 224, 225.
— (Proparus). 190. 231.
— (Spizaetus). 212.
— (Toria), 192.
— (Treron), 192.
Nisaea, 82.
nisoides (.\ccipiter), 211.
Nisus, 208, 500.
nisus (Accipiter), 208, 212.
nitida (.Asturina), 411.
— (Zatrephcs), 12, It.
nitidus (Falco), 411.
— (Phyllcscopus), 239.
nivea (Acantharctia), 1.50.
— (Procanthea). 180.
niveomaculata (.-Vutomolis), 23.
nivcu.s (Diacri-sia), 122.
Noctua, 11,29,205.
nocula (Maenas), 117.
nogelli (Oonogyna), 84.
nomius (Hemeroplaness), 448, 451.
nonagrioide.s (Halisidota), 04, 08.
Nonnula, 393-5, 427. 428.
notata (Halisidota), 50.
notatus (Chlorestes), 37().
— (Trocliilus). 376.
notodontina (Halisidota), 188.
novaehollantliae (Meliornis). .504.
novaezealandiae (Limosa), 2(M), .i99.
novobritannica (Rhodogastiia). 184.
nubica (Bunaea), 472.
nubilosa (Halisidota), GH.
— (Ischnocampa), 46.
nubilosus (Halisidota), 05.
nuclialis (C'hlamydera). 480.
Nucifraga, 502.
nudistriga (Aloa), 149.
Numeniiis, 200, 494, 499.
nyassana (Imbrasia), 474.
Nyceryx, 448, 453.
Nyctalops, 414.
Nycticorax, 189, 202, 424, 499.
nycticorax (Nycticorax), 202.
Nyctidronuis, 380.
Nyetiornis, 217.
Nyetiprogne, 378.
nydia (Diacrisia), 135.
Nyroca, 499.
oatpsi (Spplaoornis), 481.
— (Urocichla), 481.
oberthiicri (Diacrisia). 140. 1.50.
— (Epimedia), 79.
— (Pliraginatol)ia), 114.
obieiLsis (Lycocorax), -184, 491.
obliqtia (Arctia), 153.
— (Diacrisia), 135.
obliquifa.'icia (Pericallia), 170.
obliquivitta (Diacrisia). 1.30.
oblonga (Halisidota), 0,5.
obscura (Piaya), 4lil.
— (Psopliia), 423.
obscurus (C'aiupylo])tcnis). 375.
— (Xvlophanes), 4.55.
obsolescens (Halisidota), 58.
obsoleta (Dendrornis), 320.
obaoletus (Dendroeolaptcs), 320.
— (Dendrornis), 320.
obvia (Halisidota), 03.
occidens (Diacrisia), 1.38.
occidcntalis (Automolis), 28.
— (Bubo), 110.
— (Cerchneipicns), 384, 385.
— (Macropus), 88, 89, 90. 94, lOG.
— (Maenas), 119.
— (Procnias), 271.
ocellata (Dendrornis), .325, 320.
— (Melesse), 30.
ooellatus (Caprimulgus), 380.
— (Dendroeolaptcs). 320.
ochracca (Automolis), IS.
— (Halisidota), 65.
— (Hemibyalea), 51.
— (Metapiconoma). 444.
ochraccator (Amastus), 54.
ochraeeiventris (Plioethornis), 373.
ochreata (Automolis), 18.
ochriplaga (Belcrania). 81.
oclu'ocepliala (Aniazona). 407.
Ochrodota. 36.
Cichrolaema (Hypornemis), 358, 359, 427
ochrolacmus (.\nal),ates), 321.
— (Automolus), 321.
ochropliila (Euplesia), 20.
ochropus (Totanus), 199.
ochrota (Elysius), 43.
ochruros (Phoenieurus), 230.
Ochthodromus, 200.
Ochthornis, 284.
ockendeni (Agorca), 71.
— (Antarctia), 178.
— (Automolis), 20.
— (Bertholdia), 33.
— (Carathis), 38.
— (Diacrisia), 120.
— (Euddacuidia), 75.
— (Halisidota), C,'.).
— (Nca.\ia), 14.
( 537 )
ockendeni (Neidaliii). 0.
— (Neritos), 74.
— (Prumala), lU.
— (Stidzaeras), 170.
— (Zatrephe.s), 13.
Ocnogyna, 83, 84.
ocularis (Mofacilla), 240.
uoydromus (llacroiJiLs), 92-4, 10b.
oeypete (EpLstor), 452.
Odontophorus, 417, 428.
Oduntorhynchus, 2(i4, 427.
uenanthe (Saxicola), 477, 478.
oenea (C'olumba). 193.
oenone (Syntarctia), ,'J8.
oenotru.s (Erinnyis), 4.')ll.
olcagina (Muscicapa), 292.
oleagineus (Mionoctes), 292.
olgae (Actinote), 466.
Oligura, 480.
olivaceus {Craspcdopriipn). 295.
— (Platyrhynchus), 295.
— (Scotothorus), 311, 312.
oniiHsa {Rhodogastria), 184.
— (Synallaxis), 319.
omissus (Elysius), 41.
Onychorhynehus, 299.
onytes (Neritos), 72, 73.
opella (Holomelina), 76.
Opetioriiynchus, 261, 317.
Ojiharus, 47-50.
tJpodiphtera, 474.
Oporornis, 264, 265.
opposita (Automolis), 20.
optimus (Ely.sius), 29.
— (Prumala), 11.
orbana (Automolis), 24.
Orchilus, 292.
oronocensis (Kjiipolegus), 285.
Oreopeleia, 417.
orcophila (Haxicola), 47S.
orientalis (Amastus), 54.
— (Chlamydera), 486.
— (Eudynamis), 219.
— (Eurystomus), 214, 215.
— (GalUnuIa), 196.
— (Glareola), 201.
— (Halisidota), 60.
— (Manucodia), 484, 490.
— (PericalUa), 169.
— (Turtur), 195.
Oriolus, 248, 250, 281, 327, 343.
oriolu.s (Oriolus), 248.
ornata (Formicivora), 349.
— (Myrmotherula), 349, 427.
ornatus (C'ephalopterus), 316.
— (i'alco), 412.
— (lyeucurhamplia), 448, 450.
oriiatu.s (Spizaetus), 41'2.
Ornismya, 377.
Ortalida, 418.
OrtaUs, 418, 428.
Orthocolaptts, 327.
Orthorliamphus, 201.
Ortyx, 417.
oruboidcs (Halisidota), 62, 63.
Oryba, 447, 450.
oryzivora (Dolichonyx), 282.
— (Emberiza), 282.
oryzivorus (Dolichonyx), 282.
Oryzoboms, 280.
osculans (Ramphastos), 397.
oslari (Ecpantlieria), 174.
— (Halisidota), 61.
— (Pygarctia), 175.
osmojjkora (Amaxia), 15.
Osmotreron, 193.
ossea (Zatrephesj), 13.
Ostinops, 281.
Otus, 204, 414, 428.
ougarra (Diacrisia), 146.
Ourax, 417.
oustaleti (Temnurus), 251, 252.
ovata (Virbia), 78.
owstoni (Trochalopteron), 233.
ozomene (Actinote), 464.
Pachydota, 36, 37.
Pachygonia, 453.
Pachylia, 448, 450.
Pachyrliamphus, 313, 314.
Pachyrliynchus, 312.
pachyrhynclius (Cacicus), 282.
Pachysylvia, 266-8, 427.
pacilica (Tringa), 198.
paciiicus (Apus), 223.
— (Cypsclus), 223.
packardi (Automolis), 27.
I^agana (Acmilia), 74.
— (Elaenia), 293.
Palaeomolis, 175.
Palacornis, 220.
Palamedea, 426.
palawanensis (Carpopkaga), 194.
— (Uicrurus), 249.
jjallcnia (Protoparcc), 449.
pallcns (Accipilcr), 208.
— (Myrmeciza), 364, 305.
paUesccns (Columba), 415, 416.
— (Dendrocolaptcs), 335.
— (Hydropsalis), 380.
— (Piaya), 401.
pallida (Halisidota), 58, 61, 69.
( 538 )
pallida (Rliodogastria), 185.
Jiallidicosta (Elysius), 42.
pallidigula (Cypsnagra), 278.
pallidior (Diacrisia), 138.
pallidipennis (.Automolis), 25.
pallidipes (Siphia), 189, 225.
pallidistriata (Dialeucias), 38.
pallidus (Criniger), 228.
— (llacropufi), 88, 89, lOG.
palmarum (Tanagra), 274.
palmeri (.imastus), 55.
— (.•Vmplyptcrus). 449.
— (.\ntarctia), 177.
— (Hypomolis), 174.
— (Pachydota), 37.
palpalis (Carathis), 37.
palpebrata (Phoebetria), 497.
palpebrosa (Zosterops), 242.
pan (Hcmcroplanes), 451.
pan (Sphinx), 451.
pancalis (Planema), 462.
paudama (Idalus), 7.
Pandion, 214.
pandiona (Automolis), 22.
pandoo (Monticola), 236.
pannosa (PericalUa), 169.
papa (Gypagus), 409.
— (Sarcorhamphus), 409.
— (Vultur), 409.
Papilio, 447.
papua (.\ptenodytes), 496, 497.
papuana (Diacrisia), 1.50, 152.
— (Pygoscelis), 497.
Paradigalla (Loria), 491.
Paradisea, 484, 488, 489, 490, 491.
paradisea (Azatrephes), 14.
— (Calospiza), 273.
— (Galbula), 388.
— (Ptilorhis), 488.
paradiseuB (Dissemurus), 248.
paraensis (.Automolus), 321, 427.
— (Chloronerpes), 381, 382, 427.
— (Dendrexetastes), 329.
— (Granatellus), 266.
parallela (Cratosia), 29.
parasita (Ocnogyna), 84.
parasiticus (Larus), 498.
paicu (Hemcroplancs), 448, 451, 452.
pardalina (Diacrisia), 138.
— (Ocnogyna), 83.
— (Diacrisia), 12S, 129.
pardalis (.Amaxia), 16.
pardalota (Glaucidiuni), 205.
pardalotus (Dcndrornis), 326.
pareola (Cliiroxiphia), 309.
Pare via, 17.
Paroaria, 281, 128.
Parotia, 484,487,491.
parthenos (Hyphciraia), 83.
Parus, 242, 271. 282, 304.
parva (.\ma.xia), 16.
— (Arctia), 181.
— (Muscicapa), 227.
— (Virbia), 77, 78.
parvimacula (Neoncrita), 16.
parvirostris (Crypturus), 420.
— (Elaenia), 294.
— (Elainca), 294.
parvula (Stenopsis), 381.
parinilus (Caprimulgiis), 381.
pasca (.Amata), 434.
Passer, 247, 503.
patachonica (.-iptenodyta), 496.
— (Aptenodytes), 496, 497.
patagonica (Aptenodytes), 496.
— (Mirounga), 445, 446.
pavua (Conurus), 403.
pectinata (Utetlieisa), 182.
pectoralis (.\sfur), 410.
— (Dinospizias), 410.
— (Garrulax), 189, 233.
peculiari.s (Baritius), 38.
Pedctaithyia, 495.
Peleeanus, 204.
pellucida (Bituryx), 71.
— (Diacrisia), 154.
— (Ischnocampa), 188, 506.
Pclochyta, 40, 41, 44.
pclvica (Tcphrodnrnis), 240.
pelzelni (Granatcllus), 265. 266.
— (Jlicrastur), 410.
— (Tityra), 313.
pembertoni (.\cantbarctia), 156.
— (.Amata), 431.
— (Estigmenc), 162.
Penelope, 418, 427, 428.
pcnelope (Mareea), 203.
Penguinus, 495, 496, 497.
penicillata (Diacrisia), 140.
— (Eucometis), 277.
— (Tanagra), 277.
Pepsis, 461.
Percnostola, 362.
Perdix, 494, 503.
percgrinus (Faico), 213.
PericalUa, 167-71.
Pericrocotus, 227.
Perigonia, 448, 453, 457.
perix (Amata), 435.
peri.\antliia (.Vmata), 435.
perlata (Pyrrliura), 404.
perniger (Hypsipetos), 229.
peronii (Mirounga), 446.
peroraata (Diacrisia), 141.
( 539 )
perpk'xa (Protoparce), 449.
perpulchra (Halcyon), 215.
pcrrotii (Dcnrlrocolaptes), 330.
— (Hylcxotastes), 330.
— (Xiphocolaptcs), 329.
perrotteti (Estigmene), IOC.
persicus (Cas.sicus), 282.
persimile (Glauoidium), 190, 205.
Iiersimilis (Aniastn.s), 53.
— (Ai'eomolis), 17.
— (Automolis), 23, 24.
— (Neritos), 73.
— (Thamnomancs), 343. 344.
perspicillata (Pulsatri.x), 415.
— (8trix), 415.
peruana (Mouasa), 393, 428.
peruanus (Coturniculus), 2S1.
peruviana (.\ntarctia), 180.
— (Areomolis), 17.
— (Euphonia), 272.
— (Hemihyalea), 50.
— (Melesse), 30.
— (Pachydota), 37.
— (Phoenicothraupis), 270.
— (Zatrephes), 13.
peruvianus (Hypocncmis), 353, 354.
■ — (Phoenicothraupis), 270.
— (Rhynchocychis), 297.
perversa (Neritos), 73.
Pezus, 419.
phaeax (Loijobunaea), 255.
phaedusa (Luljo])unaca), 255.
phaeopus (Numenius), 200.
phaeopygus (Turdus), 258.
Phaethon, 495, 497.
Phaetornis, 374.
Phalacrocorax, 204, 499.
Phalaena, 50, 59.
plialaenoides (Castrica), 29.
Phalaropus, 197, 494, 503.
phantasma (Elysius), 45.
phasianellua (Dromococeyx), 402.
— (Macropus), 402.
phayrei (Proparus), 231.
philippensis (Monticola), 230.
— (Pelecanus), 204.
— (Podiccps), 190.
philippii (Phocthoruis), 374, 428.
— (Trochilus), 374.
pliiUppinus (Merops), 218.
philomelos (Turdus), 237.
Philydor, 321, 322.
Phlegopsis, 307, 368, 427, 428.
Phoca, 445.
Phoelretria, 497.
phoeaiceus (Tachyphonus), 270.
Phoenicucus, 316.
phoenicius (Tacliyphonus), 270.
Phoenicocercus, 316.
Phoenicothraupis, 270.
Phoenicura, 220.
phoenieura (Gallinula), 190.
Phoenicurus, 230, 479.
plioenicurus (Amaurornis), 190.
— (Rallus), 196.
Phoethornis, 373, 374, 428.
Pholus, 448, 454.
Phonasca, 272.
Phonygammus, 484, 490, 491.
Phragmatobia, 84, 85, 113-6.
I'hyllopneuste, 239.
Phyllornis, 228.
Phylloscartes, 292.
Phylloscopus, 190, 239, 240.
Piaya, 401.
Pica, 254, 283, 503.
jjica (Pica), 254.
— (Fluvicola), 284.
picata (Amastus), 188.
jjichesensis (Idalus), 7.
Picolaptes, 325, 330.
picta (Pericallia), 169.
— (Pyrrhura), 403, 427.
Xiicticollis (Garrulax), 233.
pictus (Psittacus), 403.
picui (Golumba), 416.
— (Oolumbula), 416.
Picuranus, 385, 380, 427.
Picus, .336, 381-5.
l^icus (Dendroplex), 327.
— (Oriolus), 327.
piepersi (Rhodogastria), 185.
pierreti (Ocnogj-na), 84.
pileata (Aloedo), 215.
— (Ardea), 424.
— (Halcyon), 215.
— (Nemosia), 278.
— (Penelope), 418, 427.
— (Pipra), 307.
— (Tanagra), 278.
pileatus (Halcyon), 215.
— (Nycticorax), 424.
— (PUherodius), 424.
— (Tinamus), 420.
PUherodius, 424.
pilosa (Diacrisia), 132.
Pinarocichla, 228.
Pinguinaria, 490, 497.
Piouias, 407, 408.
Pionites, 408, 428.
Piouopsitta, 408.
Pionus, 407, 408.
pil)eritiv (Opharus), 48.
I'ipra, 258, 293, 3U2-9, 354, 355, 360, 427, 428.
( 540 )
Piprites, 302.
Piranga, 275.
Pisorhina, 414.
Pitangus, 299.
Pithys, 357, 366.
Pitta, 189, 224, 225, 370.
Pitylus, 279, 2S(l.
plagosus (DeiKli'uLolaptes), 335, 336.
Planema, 462, 463.
Platalea, 203.
jdatensis (Tliryothorius), 264.
Platycercus, 500.
platyrliynclia (Limicola), 19S.
Platyrhynchus, 295, 297.
platyrhynchus (Prionornis), 388.
Platyriuchus, 285-8, 427.
Plegadis, 499.
Plotus, 426.
plumbea {Ghlorocnas), 415.
— (Cissura), 29.
— (Columba), 415, 416.
— (Ictinia), 413.
— (Rallina), 493.
plumbcitarsiis (Phylloscopus), 239.
plumbeiis (Falco), 413.
— (Lipaugus), 314.
— (Polioaetus), 214.
plumipes (Butco), 212.
plutonica (Pericallia), 171.
pliivialis (Chanvdrius), 425.
Pnoepyga, 480, 481, 482.
Podager, 379.
Podiceps, 196, 494, 495.
poeciliuota (Hypocnemis), 357, 428.
Poophila, 501.
poggei (Plaucma), 462.
poiteauU (Turdus), 258.
Polioaetus, 214.
poliocephalub (Khj-nclioeyclus), 297, 298.
Poliomjias, 226.
polionotus (Seriloplius), 223.
— (ThamnophUus), 339, 341, 427.
luiiiupsi.-i (Accipiter), 207, 208.
poliothii.x (Basilcuterus), 265.
polychroijtcrus (Paohyi'liamphus), 314.
polydoiita (Halisidota), 64.
Polyplcftron, 191.
Polyptyclius, 456.
polysti'ia (Automolis), 28.
polystrigata (Amastus), 54.
— (Ophaius), 50.
Polytelis, 500.
Polytmu.s, 377.
PomatorliinuH, 232, 233.
pomona (Piiragmatol^ia), 113.
pomjjadora (Xipbolcna), 316.
Popt'lairca, 377.
Porphyrio, 494.
porthcsioide.s (Diacrisia), 186,
Porzana, 422, 493.
posinuntia (PerieaMia), 171.
postica (Mclcssc), 31.
powclli (Emydia), 79.
j)raccognitus (Staehyridopsijj), 232.
praegrandis (Mydas), 461.
j>raoto.\ta (Eucyrta), 10.
Pratincola, 235.
pratti (Diacrisia), 144.
Premolis, 11.
Preparctia, 82.
pretiosa (Ocnogyna), S3,
preussi (Pscudapiconoma), 414.
princcps (Tdiitrca), 225.
— (Terpsiphone), 225.
Priiila, 238.
Piionites, 387.
Prionodui-a, 484, 487, 491.
Prionornis, 388.
proba (Elysius), 43.
Procantliea, 180.
Procellaria, 497.
proceia (Diacrisia), 129.
Processus, 88.
Proenias, 271.
procroides (Opliarus), 48.
Proctopus, 495.
procurvoides (Caiupylorhamphus), 331, 332.
— (Xipliorhynchus), 331, 332.
Prodromus, 496, 499.
Prognc, 269.
pronapides (Ochrodota), 36.
Proparu.s, 190, 231.
prophaca (Ncritos), 72.
— (Robinsonia), 5.
jjropinqua (Automolis), 21.
— (Halisidota), 57.
— (Synallam), 317, 428.
Proscbalijiliora, 180.
prostrata (Pruniaia), 10.
Protambulyx, 449.
Protoparcc, 448, 449.
pro.ximus (Autonu'iis), 475.
Prumala, 6, 9-11, 29.
prumaloidcs (Automolis), 20.
psammas (Norilos), 72, 73.
Psaris, 313.
psaroidcs (Hypsiputus), 229.
Psaropholus, 248.
Pscudalus, 119.
Pscudapiconoma, 442-5.
pseudelissa (Automolis), 25.
2)seudercljc!la (Amastus), 53.
pseudeuryta (Planema), 462.
pseudextcQsa (Amata), 435.
( 541 )
pseudidalus (Automolis), 21.
pseiulocarrye (italisidota), 57.
Pseudoceryx, 440.
pseudocoUaris (Amastus), 53.
pseudoconiata ( Halisidota), 63.
pseudodryas (Elysius), 41.
pseudoflavescens (Automolis), 20.
pseudoguapisa (AutomolLs), 505.
pseudolutea (Diacrisia), 134.
pseudomaculata (Halisidota), 57.
pseudomaenas (Diacrisia), 131, 506.
pseudomanda (Halisidota), 65.
pseudomeoides (Automolis), 24.
Pseudonaclia, 441.
Pseudopharus, 52.
pseudopraemolis (Automolis), 21.
Pseudosphinx, 450.
Pseudotantalus, 203.
pseudotricypka (Elysius), 44.
PsUomycter, 377.
Psittacula, 404.
Psittacus, 402, 406, 407, 408.
Paittiparus, 241, 242.
Psophia, 422, 423, 427, 502.
Psychophasma, 55.
ptcnostomoides (Halisidota), 63.
Pteridophora, 491.
Pteroglossus, 397-400, 427, 428.
Pteroptochus, 372.
Ptilonorhynchus, 484, 491.
Ptilorhis, 484, 487, 488, 490, 491.
pueherani (Neomorphus), 402.
pudens (Ocnogyna), 84.
puella (Phragmatobia), 114.
— (Pseudonaclia), 441.
Puffinus, 497.
pulchella (Utetheisa), 182.
pulchelloides (UtetheLsa), 181, 182.
pulchra (Amaxia), 15.
pulmentum (Bucco). 391, 392, 427, 428.
Pulsatrix, 415.
pulveria (Diacrisia), 139.
— (Halisidota), 63.
pulverosa (Automolis), 28.
pulverulenta (Phragmatobia), 115.
pumila (Ardea), 424.
— (Melesse), 31.
pumilus (Zebrilus), 424.
puncta (Ceryx), 429.
punctaria (Diacrisia), 123, 131.
punctata (Diacrisia), 129, 13U.
— (Dysauxes), 441.
— (HaUsidota), 70.
— (Hypocrisias), 82.
— (.Melesse), 31.
— (Pachydota), 37.
— (Robinsonia), 6.
punctipennis (Amsacta), 159.
punctistrigata (Maenas), 117-
punetivitta (Creatonotus), 100.
punctularis (Opharus), 49.
punctulata (Hypocnemis), 354.
— (Rhopotera), 354.
punctuligor (Thamnopliilus), 3.39, 341, 427.
punicea (Columba), 194.
— (Xipholena), 316.
puniceus (.\lsocomus), 194.
— (Columba), 194.
— (Turdus), 316.
pura (Estigmcne), 165.
purpurata (Diacrisia), 141,
purum (Diacrisia), 123.
purus (Chiromachaeris), 309, 310, 427.
— (.Manacus), 309.
purusiana (Pipra), 303, 304, 305, 306.
purusianus (Gymnopithys), 366.
pusilla (Melesse), 31.
— (Myiopatis), 293.
pusillus (Cnipolegus), 284.
— (Knipolegus), 284.
— (Pnoepyga), 480.
Pycnonotus, 190, 229, 230.
pyga (.\maxia), 16.
Pygarctia, 175.
Pygiptila, 344, 345.
pygmaea (Eurhynorliynchus), 199.
— (Muscieapa), 345.
— (Myi-motherula), 345.
Pygoscelis, 496, 497.
pyrenaica (Apant«sis), 174.
pyrgeon (Antaxia), 11.
Pyrocephalus, 300.
pyrosticta (Elysius), 43.
pyrrhodes (Anabates), 321.
— (Philydor), 321.
pyrrholaemns (Prionornis), 388, 428
pyrrhonota (Myrmotheruia), 349.
Pyirhula, ,503.
Pyrrhura, 403, 404, 427.
pythia (Thyromolis), 29.
quadrata (.Antarctia), 177.
— (Halisidota), 65.
quadratus (Halisidota), 65.
quadricolor (Planema), 463.
quadiipunctata (Amata), 433.
— (.Melesse), 32.
quadriramosa (Estigmcne), 165.
quercifolia (Eacles), 476.
Querqucdula, 203.
querqncdula (Querqucdula), 2tl3.
Querula, 313.
cjui.\ensis (Formicivora), 363, 364.
— (Thamnophilus), 363, 361.
36
( 542 )
racema (Halisidota), 63.
radiata (Actinote), 463.
radiatus (Crypturus), 420.
raggiana (Paradisea), 484, 489.
Rallina. 493, 494.
Rallus, 196, 422, 493.
ramoniana (Trogon), 387.
ramosa (Maenas), 117, 118.
Ramphastos, 388. 396. 397, 428.
Ramphocaenus, 3.52, 428.
Ramphoeclus, 275.
Ramphotrigon, 295.
rattrayi {Amsaeta), 156.
— (Diacrisia), 129.
— (Metapiconoma), 444.
rara (Diacrisia), 127.
ricini (Pericallia), 167.
recondita (Chlamydera), 486.
rectilinea (Agorea), 70.
rectiradia (.Autotnolis), 25.
reducta (Amsaeta), 158.
— (Antomolis), 19.
regina (Cliiroxiphia), 309, 428.
reginae (Macropus), 96, 97, 103, 107, 108.
Regulus, 190.
reichenowi (Pteroglossns), 399.
rendalli (Api.sa). 441.
repanda (Ncritos), 72.
reptata (Spelaeornis), 481, 482.
— (Urocichla), 482.
restituta (Perigonia). 453.
re.sumens (Pachylia), 448, 450.
reticulata (Automolis), 28.
— (Phragmatobia), 85.
rex-piueti (Graucalus), 227, 228.
rezia (Belemnia), 81.
Rhapliiorliynclius, 461.
rhebus (Diospage), 82.
Rhegmatorhina, 366.
Rhinarium, 94.
Rhipidura, 225.
rhizophorae (Arachnechthra), 244.
— (Cinnyris), 244.
rhoda (Hemihyalea), 50, 51.
rkodesiana (Diacrisia), 140.
rliodocyma (Automolis), 22.
rhodogaster (Accipiter), 212.
— (Conurus), 404.
— (Pj-rrhura), 404, 427.
Rhodogastria, 183-6.
rliodographa (Areomolis), 17.
rhodophila (Diacrisia), 120.
rliodophilides (Diacrisia), 120.
Rhodopsona, 256.
rliodosoma (Diacrisia), 131.
— (Opharus), 47.
rhomboidea (Halisidota), 64.
Rhopodytes, 190, 218.
Rhopotcrpc, 366, 367.
Rhopothera, 354.
Rhyacornis, 22G.
RhjTichocyclus. 295-8.
Rbynchotus, 421.
rhyssa (Premulis), 11.
richardi (Anthus), 245.
ricbardsoni (Capito), 395.
ricketti (Chrysophlegma). 221, 222.
— (Cryptolopha), 240.
— (PhylIoscopuR),240.
ridgwayi (Dendrocolaptcs), 336.
ridibundus (Larus), 197.
ripperti (Euprepia), 80.
risous (Nyceryx), 453.
roberti (Splienocichla), 482.
— (Turdinulus), 190, 230.
Robinsonia, 5, 6, 187.
robusta (Ecpantheria), 173.
robustum (Diacrisia), 123.
robustus (ilacropus), 86, 109.
rockstonia (Robinsonia), 6.
rodgeri (Gccinus), 222.
rodophaea (Teracotona), 181.
rosacea (Neritos), 72.
— (Zatrepbes), 12.
rosaceus (Antlius), 245.
rosaria (Actinote), 406.
rosea (Idalus), 7.
roseata (Diacrisia), 149, 151.
— (Maenas), 117.
roseatus (.Anthus), 245.
roseibarba (Rliodogastria), 184.
roseifrons (Conurus), 403.
roseireta (Eriostepta), 15.
rosenbergi (Amastus), 55.
— (Automolis), 27.
— (Caprimulgus), 380.
— (Elysius), 44.
— (Pachydota), 37.
— (Scotothorus), 312.
— (Virbia), 77.
roseofasciata (Halisidota), 68.
roseoraarginata (Rhodogastria), 183, 184.
rosetta (Halisidota), 58.
ro3trata (Saxioola), 477, 478.
Rostratula, 197.
rostratus (Platyrinchus), 285, 286.
rothi (Estigiuene), 163.
— (Rhodogastria), 183.
rothschildi (Achias), 459, 461.
— (RhaphiorhjTichus), 461.
— (Serilophus), 223.
rothschildii (Cyanocompsa), 280.
— (Guiraca), 280.
rubecula (Jlonasa), 393.
( 5^3 )
rutieciila (Nonnula), 393, 394, 4'38.
I'ubens (Idalus), 8.
— (Macropus), 96, 99, 107.
ruber (Phocthornis), 374.
— (Tachyphonus), 276.
— (Trochilus), 374.
ruberrima (Utetheisa), 182.
rubiounda (Antigone), 499.
rubiginosa (Rhodopsona), 2.')6.
rubilinea (Diacrisia), 144.
rubinus (Muscicapa), 300.
— (Pyrooephalus), 300.
rubitincta (Diacrisia), 132.
rubra (Fringilla), 275.
— (Phoenicothraupis), 276.
— (Piranga), 275.
rubricata (S3'nallaxis), 319.
rubriceps (Haemanota), 35.
rubricosa (Phragmatobia), 116.
rubrifrons (Hylophilus), 267.
— (Pachysyh-ia), 267.
rubriplaga (AemUia), 74.
rubrireta (Automoli.s), 22.
rubrocapilla (Pipra), 307.
rubromaculata (Bertholdia), 33.
rudis (Alcedo), 216.
— (Ceryle), 190, 216.
— (Pericallia), 171.
rudolphi (Paradisea), 489.
rufa (Actinote), 465.
— (Formioivora), 363.
— (Malacoptila), 393.
rufator (Amastus), 53.
rufaxilla (Columba), 416.
— (Leptoptila), 410.
rufescens (Amastus), 154.
— (Bertholdia), 33.
— (Diacrisia), 146.
— (Rhynchotus), 421.
— (Tringoides), 425.
— (Tyrannus), 316.
— (Zatrephes), 12.
rufcscentior (Proparus), 190, 231.
rulicauda (Automolis), 26.
— (Myiothera), 364.
— (Platyrhynchus), 295.
— (Rampbotrigon), 295.
— (Rhynchocyclu.s), 295.
ruficeps (Campias), 383.
— (Elaenia), 294.
— (Elainea), 294.
— (Formicarius), 368, 369.
— (Picus), 383.
— (Stachyridopsis), 232.
— (VeniUomis), 383, 427.
rulicollia (Aramides), 421.
— (Cypsnagra), 278.
ruficollis ( Drj'onastcs), 233.
— (Pomatorhinus), 232, 233.
— (Tringa), 198.
rufifrons (Stachyridoijsis), 232.
rufigula (Dendrexetastrs), 327, 328, 329,
427.
— (Dendrocolaptes), 327.
— (Orthocolaptes), 327.
rufigularis (Attila), 315, 427.
— (Sclerurus), 323.
rufina (Columba), 415.
rufipcctus (Spilornis), 212.
rufitinctus (Loiihospizias), 207.
rufivent*r (Pnoepyga), 480.
— (Tesia), 480.
rufiventris (Euphonia), 272.
— (Phoenicurus), 236.
— (Ruticilla), 236.
— (Tanagra), 272.
rufobasalis (Amaxla), 16.
rufobrunnea (Zatrephes), 13.
rufocinnaraomea (Halisidota), 69.
rufodorsaUs (Campylorhamphus), 333,
rufo-dorsalis (Xiphorhynchus), 333.
rufogularis (Leucolepia), 261.
— (.Sarochalinus), 261.
rufo-oUvacea (Dendrocinela), 334.
rufotibiabs (Accipiter), 210.
rufoviridis (Galbula), 389.
rufum (Heteropelma), 310.
rufus (Bucco), 393.
— (Hadrostomus), 313.
— (Macropus), 86-109.
— (Trogon), 387.
rumina (Amastus), 54.
rupestris (Caprimulgus), 378.
— (Chordeiles), 378.
rupicola (Phragmatobia), 85.
Bupornis, 411.
rusbjT (Conopophaga), 371.
rusca (HaUsidota), 68.
russatus (Melesse), 30.
ru.ssus (SjTitarctia), 38.
rustica (Hirundo), 225.
— (Protoparce), 449.
rusticula (Soolopax), 198.
rutherfordi (Spilornis), 212, 213.
Ruticilla, 236, 479.
rutila (Rhodopsona), 256.
rutilans (Syiiallaxis), 318, 319.
rutilus (Automolis). 23.
— (Xciiops), 322, 427.
sacra (Ardea), 203.
— (Demiegrotte), 203.
sagada (Neeressa), 439.
( 544 )
eagra (Eiipyrrho£;lossum), 453, 454.
sala(Alim(la), 240.
Salangana, 500.
Salassa, 470, 471.
salma (.Automolis), 25.
salmonaccus (Idalus), 8.
salinonea (.-^ctinoto), 464.
.salomonis (Rhodogastria), 184.
— (Utetheisa), 181, 182.
Saltator, 279, 428.
salvini (Anoplop.s), 366, 421, 428.
— (Crypturus), 421.
— (Cyphorhinus), 262.
— (Leucolcpis), 262.
— (Neomorphus), 402.
sanctae-catarinae (Scops), 414.
sanctithomae (Brotogeris), 405.
— (Psittacus), 405.
sanea (Robinsonia), 6.
sangaica (Diacrisia), 125.
sangiiidorsia (Neritos), 72, 506.
sanguinea (Areomolis), 17.
sanguineata (Hyperthaema), 35.
sanguinolcnta (Automolis), 22.
sannio (Diacrisia), 142, 143.
sannionis (Baritius), 40.
sapphirina (Hylocharis), 375.
Sarcorhamphus, 409.
sardoa (Ocnogyna), 84.
Sarochalinus, 261.
sartina (Planeraa), 462. .
satellitia (Pholus), 454.
saturata (Automolis), 27.
— (Campephaga), 228.
— (Campophaga), 228.
— (Diacrisia), 150, 152.
— (Prumala), 10.
— (Volvocivora), 228.
saturatus (Cerehncis), 213.
— (Passer), 247.
saturninus (Dysithamnus), 343.
saularis (Copsychus), 234, 235.
— (Gracula), 234.
saundersi (Larus), 197.
Saxicola, 477-9.
scapularis (.^rdca), 424.
Scenopoeetcs, 484, 485, 491.
sehach (Lanius), 241.
schaeffcri (Op)iarus), 49.
schausi (.\gi)rca), 70.
— (Baritius), 39.
— (Halisidota), 61.
— (Prcmolis), 11.
— (Xylophancs), 454.
scliausiana (Bertlioldia), 33.
ScliiSorms, 310.
schimpcri (Coluiuba), 194.
.schistacna (Asturina), 412.
— (Leucopternis), 412, 428.
— (Sclateria), 352, .353, 427.
schistaceiceps (Todirostrum), 289.
schistaceus (Automolis), 504.
— (Dysithamnus), 342, 343, 427.
— (Thaninophilus), 342, 343.
Schistochlamys, 279.
Sehlegclia. 491.
sclimackeri (Garrulax), 189, 233.
— ■ (Pinarocichla), 228.
— (Temnurus), 251, 252.
Schoeniparus, 231.
schomburgki (ThjTorhina), 422.
sehraderi (Diacrisia), 128.
— (Estigmene), 164.
sciana (Actinote), 463.
sciara (iMorionia), 256.
scintilliccps (Ij-ngipicus), 190, 221.
scioana (Diacrisia), 130.
scita (Diacrisia), 141.
— (Estigmene), 162.
sclateri (Anabat«s), 321.
— (Cercomacra), 362.
— (Chaetura), 378, 428.
— (Knipolcgus), 2S5, 428.
— (Nonnula), 394, 427.
— (Psittacula), 404, 405.
— (RhyncUocyclus), 297, 298.
Sclateria, 3.52, 353, 427.
Sclcrurus, .323.
Soolopax, 198, 494.
Scops, 204, 503.
scortillum (Diacrisia), 126.
scotosis (Actinote), 468,
Scotothorus, 310-2.
scruba (Thalesa), 59.
scutulata (Nino.x), 206.
sebrus (Elysius), 43.
sccbohmi (Saxicola), 478.
Scirarctia, 176.
Sclenidera, 400, 401, 427.
Sclcucidcs, 484, 488, 490, 491.
sciuibrunnca (Halisidota), 68.
semiccrvinus (Basilcutcrus), 265.
scmiciucrca (Pacliysylvia), 266, 267, 427.
semicinereus (Hylophilus), 266.
semicostalis (Autmnulis), 26.
semifasciata (Tityra), 312.
scniifasciatua (Pacliyrhyncluis), 312.
— (Tliai)miii)liilus), 337.
Hcmifulvus (Halisidotxa), 69.
semimarginata (Diospage), 81.
semiopaliua (Aut«molis), 28.
Semioptera, 491.
semirosea (Automolis), 22.
— (Diacrisia), 150, 152.
( 545 )
semirosea (Holomelina), 73.
flemirufa (Premolis), 11.
— (Urospatha), 3S7.
semitorquata (Garrulax), 189, 233.
seinitorquatus (Caprimulgiis). 379.
— (Lurocalis), 379.
— (Spizixus), 229.
semivaria (Tessellarctin), 30.
semivitrca (Agorea), 71.
semperi (Diacri-sia), 149, 151.
senex (Eu.searthmus), 289.
— (Platyrinclius), 28.5. 286, 287, -127.
— (Tociiro.strum), 2S9, 427.
separata (.\utomolis), 24.
spreniis (Xylnphancs), 4.14.
scriatopunotala (Diacri.sia), 133.
sericea (Hyalarctja), i)'^.
— (Pica), 254.
sericeus (Mololhru.'i), 2S2.
— (Spodiop.sar), 2.50.
— (.Sturnus), 2.50.
.Sericulus,487, 491.
Serilophus, 189, 223.
serratus (Pezus), 419.
— (Tinamus), 419.
seruba (Thalesa), ,56.
serva (Cercomaera), 362.
Sesia. 454.
sestia (Opharus), 49.
setosa (Halisidota), 59.
severa (Ara), 402.
severus (Psittacus), 402.
3expennis (Pai-otia), 487.
seychellaruin (Copsychus), 235.
siiiilans (Larvivora), 236.
— (Liiscinia). 236.
silnrica (Bubo), 112.
— (Hemifhelidon), 227.
— (Muscicapa), 227.
.sibiricus(Bubo), 110, HI.
sicilia (Automolis), 24.
signata (.Amata), 435.
signatum (Todirostrum), 288.
sikkimensis (Estigmene), 102.
silens (Arrcmon), 279.
— (Tanagra), 279.
siniilis (Dendroplex), .320.
— (Estigmene), 104.
— (Halisidota), 02.
— (Muscicapa), 295.
— (MyiozRtetcs), 295.
— (Ochrodota). 30.
— (Prumala). 10.
— (Robinsonia), 6.
liniillinia (Am.ita), 434.
sinKnii ('i'iialurania), ,*{7fi.
fjjniplcx (Ki-f'ssa), 439.
simplex (Idalus), 8.
— (Lipangus), 314,
— (Muscicapa), 314.
— (Thamnopbibis), 341.
— (Zosteiops), 242, 243.
siiiiplonica (Pliiagmatobia), 85.
sinensis (.Arnata), 435.
— (Aldetta), 201.
— (Centrop«s), 219.
— (Dendrocitta), 190, 252, 253.
— (Enicurus), 234,
— (Gracula), 251.
— (r.«pocestes), 189, 221,
— (Oriolus), 250,
— (Plialacrocorax), 204,
— (Pycnonotus), 190, 229, 2.30.
— (Staohyi-idopsis), 2,32,
— (Sterna), 197.
— (Sturnia), 250.
— (Zosterops), 242.
sip,abi (Pericallia), 169.
Sipliia, 189, 225, 226.
Siptornis, 319,
sisenna (Parevia), 17.
Sitta, 34.5.
Sittace, 402.
Sittasomus, 323, 333.
sjoestedti (Pericallia), 168,
skua (C'atharacta), 498.
sladeni (Araata), 433.
smyrncnsis (Halcyon), 215.
sncUeni (.Amata), 432.
Snethlagca, 291, 292, 427.
sobrenoides (Halisidota), 506.
sobrina (.Actinote), 467.
— (Halisidota), .56, 59, 60.
sobrinoidcs (Halisidota), 60.
solitaria (Tringa), 425.
solitarius (Helodromas), 42.5,
— (Monticola), 236.
— (Totanus), 425.
soloensis (Accipiter), 208, 209.
aonitans (Burnesia), 238.
— (Prinia), 23S,
sordida (Diacrisia), 147.
— (Ischnocarapa), 40.
— (Mt'le3.se), 31,
— (Ncmosia). 278, 279.
— (Prumala), 10.
— (Thlypopsis), 278, 42S,
sordi lescens (Diacrisia), 140,
Bordidior (daslrica). 29.
— (Diacrisia), 110.
— (Isclinocanip;i), 46.
sorex (Neritos), 72,
soror (Bertbolilia), 33
— (Pilla), 221,
( 54C )
sororia (Hypofncmis), 3oS, SoO, 427.
— (Myrmotiienila), :U;. 348.
sororius (Sphcnoeercus), 193.
Boui (Cryptiiriis), 420.
— (Tinamus), 420.
soiiliei (Spclacornis), 480, 4Sl.
spadicea (.^lust-icajia), 315.
spadiceus (.\ttila), 315, 427.
sparsalis (l)iaciisia), 133. •
sparsipunc-tata (Diacrisia), 130.
sparverioide.s (Cuculus), 220.
— (Hierococcyx), 220.
Sparvius, 410.
speciosa (Columba), 415.
. — (lyepidoenas), 415.
speciosus (Pericrocotus), 227.
spectabilis (Diacrisia), 125.
— (Elaenia). 293.
— (Elainea), 293.
specularis (Bertlioldia), 33.
speculigera (Pseudapiconoma), 444.
Spelaeornis, 480, 482.
Spermophila, 281.
Spheniscus, 495, 496, 503.
Sphenocercus, 193.
Sphenocichla, 482.
Bphenodes (Ccryx), 429.
Sphcnura, 320.
sphingidia (.-iutomolis), 20.
Sphinx, 451.
spilonotus (Circus), 207.
Spilornis, 212, 213.
spinicauda (Chaetura), 378.
spinicaudus (Cypselus), 378.
spixii (Dendrornis), 325. 32C.
— (Picolaptes), 325.
spiza (I'hlorophanes), 271.
— (Motacilla), 271.
Spizaetus, 212, 412.
Spizixiis, 229.
splendens (Diospage), 81.
spodiogastra (Myrmeciza), 305.
spodionata (llyrmoUienila). 348.
Spodiopsar, 250.
spodoeepliala (Eml)eiiza), 240.
Sporaeginthus, 247.
Sporopliila, 280, 281.
squalida (Halisidota), 64.
scjuamata (Claudia), 378.
siiuaniiecps ('rrilmra), 2.38.
— (Urosphcna). 238.
squamicollis (.\Iunial. 247.
— (Truloncha). 247.
squ.imosus (nysitliamnus), 342. .343.
Si|uatar()Ia, 2(KI. 498.
.squatanila (Squa(arola), 498,
SMcwerzowi, 47!).
Stachyridopsis, 232.
Stacliyris, 231.
stagnatilis (Totanu.s), 199.
.staiidfussi (Diacrisia), 14.8.
stapazina (Sa-xicola), 479.
steinbadii (.iuiastus), 54.
— (.\nlarctia), 179.
— (Bertlioldia), 33.
— (Diacrisia), 154.
— (Diospage), 81.
— (Ecpantheria), 172.
— (Halisidota), 62.
— (Neritos), 72.
stejncgeri (Pratineola), 235.
stcHaris (Pygiptila). 344, 34.5.
— (Tliamno])hilus), 344.
stellata (Hypoenemis), 361.
stcUatus (Odontophorus), 417, 428.
— (Ortyx), 417.
Stenarctia, 175.
stenia (.•\ctinote), 467.
stcniptcra (Neritos), 74.
Stenopsis, 381.
stenotis (Automolis), 28.
stenozona (.\mata), 432.
stenura (Gallinago), 198.
stephaniae (.\strapia), 484.
Stereorarius, 498.
St<>rna, 197, 498.
stevensoni (Accipiter), 209, 211.
stictolaema (Deconychura), 333, 427.
stictolaemus (Sittasomus), 333.
stictoptera (Amata), 4.32.
— (Rhopoterpc), 367.
sticturus (Rampliocaenus), 352, 428.
Stidzaeras, 176.
stigmata (Diacrisia), 133.
— (Utctheisa), 182.
stigmatops (Dicrunis). 249.
Stigmatura, 292.
stipulata (Halisidota). 64.
stipulatoides (Halisidota), 6-1.
stolzmanni (Pipra), 308.
stratonice (.Actinote), 405.
strepitans (Cohinibula). 410.
Strcptopelia, 503.
striata (.\rdea), 424.
— (Butoridcs). 424.
— (Eupre))ia), 79.
— (Gratiiinicola), 189, 237.
— (Pacliydota), 37.
striaticollis (Kuscarthmus), 289, 290.
— (Todirostruni), 28!).
striatotliorax ('rh.anin(tjthihis), .354.
stridulus (I'unialorliiuus), 232, 233.
strigata (Virbia), 78.
strigatula (Disicrisia), 116,
( 547 )
strigatus (Pscudalus). 119.
strigifera (Stidziieraa), 176.
strigilatiis (Ancistrops), 320, 428.
— (Tliamnopliilus). .320.
strigilis (Pii)tambulyx), 44'J.
strigillata (Elysius), 1.S7.
strigosa (Autoiiiolis). 23.
strigulosa (Halisidota), ()">.
striguIo.siLs (Ciryptiiriis), 420, 427.
— (Tinaimis), 420.
Strix, 110, 111, 112, 20G, 413-5, 500.
.stuarti (Halisidota), 63.
— (Nycery.x), 448, 453.
stulta (Perigonia), 457.
sturmii (PfcTOglossus), ,398, 399, 427.
Sturnia, 2.50.
Sturnu?, 250.
styani (Cliry.sophlegma), 221.
— (Pomatorhinu.=i), 232.
— (Siphia), 225, 22G.
stygius (Asin), 414.
— (Nyctalops), 414.
— (Otus), 414.
suanus (Prumala), 6, 9.
subalpina (Halisidota), 56.
subapicalis (Virbia), 78.
subarquata (Tringa), 198.
subarquatus (Ancylocheilus), 499.
subcanescens (Ai)isa), 442.
subcarnea (Diaorisia), 149.
suboristatus (Pedetaithjia), 495.
subfascia (Diaorisia), 129.
subfasciata (Halisidota), 66.
subtiammans (Autoraolis), 22.
subflavescens (Zatrephes). 13.
subturcatiis (Apus), 223.
— (Cypselus), 223.
sublutescens (Zatrephes), 14.
siibmargiiialis (Polyptyehiis), 456.
— (Priimala), 10.
.subradiatus (Tliamnopliilus), 342, 428.
subruficoUia (Tringa), 425.
— (Tringites), 425.
subterranea (Halisidota), 59.
subtestacea (Diaorisia), 137.
subtruncata (Automolis), 22.
subulata (Spheniira), 320.
subulatus (Autoniolus), 320, 428.
Bubulifera (Euoyrta), 23.
subvaria (Diaorisia), 153.
suffusa (Amastus), .52.
— (Robinsonia), 5.
Sula, 204, 500.
siila (Sula), 204.
sulacnsis (Aoeipitor), 212.
— (Spilornis), 212.
snlpluiroa (l)i.aorisia), 1.39.
sulphuresocns (Rhynohooyclus), 297, 298.
sultaneus (Pariis), 242.
sumatrana (Utetheisa), 182.
suinatraiiuin (Dioaeuni), 244.
sum.atranus (Morops), 218, 4S3.
sumatrensis (Baza), 214.
— (Diaorisia), 147.
supcrba (Automolis), 24.
— (Baritius), 39.
— (Elysius), 42.
^ '(Lophorina), 487.
auperciliare (Syrnium), 414, 427.
supereiliaris (Leucoptornis), 412.
— (Penelope), 418.
— (PlatjTinehus), 288.
— (Prop<arus), 231.
superoiliosa (Ceryle). 386.
— (Phyllosoopus), 239.
superoiliosus (Aooipiter). 410. 411.
— (Falco), 410.
— (Lanius), 241.
— (Phyllosoopus), 239.
supra (Merops), 483.
surdus (Melesse), 32.
surgens (Maenas), 118, 506.
surinamensis (M3Tmotherula), 345, 340.
— (Sitta), 345.
surinamus (Taohyphonus), 270. 277.
— (Turdus), 270.
Surniculus, 219.
Sutoria, 238.
sutoria (Sutoria), 238.
swainsonii (Gampsony.x), 413.
swinhoei (Ceryx), 431.
— (lyngipicus), 190, 221.
— (Staohyris), 231.
swinhoii (Macropygia), 194.
syces (Pachylia), 450.
— (Perigonia), 448.
SylooheUdon, 498.
sylvatica (Carpophaga), 194.
sylvestris (Columba), 415.
Sylvia, 239, 264, 268, 270, 292, 491.
sylviellus (Dendrocolaptos), ,323.
— (Sittasomus), 323.
Synallaxis, 317, 318, 428,
Syntarctia, 38.
Syntomis, 431.
syntomoidcs (Neritos), 505.
sypilus (.\utomolis), 24.
syrissa (.Antaxia), 11.
Svrnium,205, 206. 414. 427.
Tachornis, 223.
Tachyphonus, 275-7, 427.
(548)
taeniata (Automolis), 27.
taenioptcra (Tlir.voi)hilus), 263, 2&».
tiiivana (Motaoilla), 245.
taivancnsis (Passer). 247.
taivanuiu (Troclialoiitcion). 234.
taivanu-s ( Iliidytcs), 245.
— (Motacilla). 245.
talpacuti (C(iluml)a). 410.
— (Coliimbina), 410.
tamatia (Bucto), 391, 392, 427, 428.
Tanagra, 209, 271-82.
tanagrinus (Icterus), 283.
— (Lampropsar). 283. 428.
tancolo (Geeinus), 222.
taniala (.Automolis), 504.
tanialoides (.\utomo!is), 504.
Tantalus, 203, 423.
tao (Tinanius), 418.
Tapera, 402.
tapcra (Hiruntlo), 209.
— (Progne), 209.
Tarsiger. 230.
taymansi (Xlctaretia), 442.
Tchitrea, 225.
tclhis (Plancma), 46-2, 463.
tcmminckii (Dendrocolaptes), 328.
— (IVinga). 198.
temnura (Glauoojiis), 2.52.
— (Temnurus), 251, 252.
Temnurus, 189, 251, 2,52.
tenelirosa (Chclidoptera), 395.
tenebrosus (Cuoulus), .395.
tcnellipps (Phylloscopus), 240.
tenuirostris (Dendrocolaptes), 325.
— (Xenops), 322, 427.
tenuis (Macnas), 118.
tenuistrigata (Estigmcno). 102.
Tephrodornis, 240.
Teracotona, 151, 181.
Tcrekia, 199.
Terenura, 361.
Terpsiplione, 225.
terra (Elysius), 44.
terranca (Elysius), 42.
— (Halisidota). 59.
terraoides (Elysius), 44.
Te.sia, 480, 482.
Tcsscllarctia, 30.
tcssellaris (Halisidota), 01, 02.
tcsscllata (Oelirodota). 30.
testa (Halisidota). .WO.
tc.st.aeea (.Vctinote), 403.
— (Automolis), 18.
— (Diacrisia), 130.
— (Ecpantherla), 173.
— (Hemihyalea). 51.
— (Syntarctia), 38.
te.studinaria (Hyphoraia), 83.
Tetrao, 191, 192. 417. 419. 421, 494.
tetrio (Pscudosphinx), 4.50.
texana (Halisidota). 57.
'riialassaca, 498.
Thal.asseus. 497. 498, .503.
tlialassina (Cissa), 253.
— (Opharus), 48.
Thalassogeron, 497.
Thalesa, 50, 59.
Tlialurania, 370. 427. 42S.
Thamnomanes. 343, 344.
thainnophiloides (Attila), 315.
— (.Musrieapa), 31.5.
Thamnopliilu.s. .320, 323, 336-44, 3.54. 358, 363.
304, 427, 428.
thoon (Neaxia), 14.
thpophila (.\etinote), 464.
tlieresac (Gonopophaga), 354, 350.
— (Hypoonemis). 354, 3.55, 3.50, 428.
theresi (Psilomycter), 377.
theresiae (Ornisya), 377.
tlipspis (Salassa), 471.
Tlilypopsis. 278. 428.
thoraeiea (C'hlorhoda). 170.
— (Paehysylria), 200, 427.
thoracicus (Campylorhamphu.s), 332.
— (Hylophilus). 206.
— (Lioseeles), 372, 427.
— (Pteroptocluis), 372.
— (Xiphorhyneluis), 332.
Thrasaetus, 412.
Threnctes, 373.
threnodes (Metaxanlliia). 70.
Thryophilus, 203.
Thryothorus. 261-4, 427.
thunbergi (Jlotacilla), 245.
tliursbyi (Antarctia), 178.
— (Turruptiana), 170.
ThjTaretia, 5.
Thyromolis, 29.
Thyrorhinc, 422.
tiekelli (Pomatorhinus), 2.32.
Tigrisoma, 424.
tinuiriensis (Herodias). 2(t2.
Tinamus, 418, 419, 420,421.
tinnuneidus (C'eleus). 384.
— (C!erchiiei])ieus), 384, 385.
— (Cerchnois), 213.
— (Falco), 213.
— (Pieus), 384.
tinlinnabulans (Cistieola). 237.
linus (.Accipiter). 410-1.
— (Cypselus), 223.
— (Tachornis), 223.
tipolis (Neritos), 506.
Titvra. 312, 313, 427.
( 549 )
todara (Diaciisia), 135.
Toclirostrum, 288, 2S9, 2<J-2. i27, liS.
Todus, 288, 313.
togoensis (Diacrisia), 154.
tomasina (Amata), 432.
tombacca (Galbula), 389, 390.
topela (Munia), 247.
Toria, 192.
torquata (-\lcedo), 380.
— (Athene), 415.
— (Ceryle), 380.
— (Gorythopis), 372.
— (Hydropsalis), 379.
— (Pratincola), 235.
— (Rhopoterpe), 366, 307.
torquatus (Apiaster), 483.
— (Cerchneipiciis), 385.
— (Corvus), 254.
— (Foriniearias), 306.
— (Picus), 385.
torquilla (lynx), 223.
Totanus, 199, 425.
Trachelia, 499.
trauhelopyrus (Campephilus), 385.
— (Megapicu.s), 385.
traili (AutomoUs), 22.
traucisa (Eucblaenidia), 75.
transfiuvialis (Psittijjarus), 242.
transicns (Creatonotus), 100.
transversa (PericalUa), 107.
Treron, 192, 193.
triangularis (Neritos), 73.
Tribiira, 238.
Trichaeta, 431.
tricolor (Pericallia), 171.
tricyhoides (Elysius), 44.
Trioypha, 40.
tridactyla (Ceyx), 215.
trifurcata (Hydropsalis), 380.
trigona (Bcrtholdia), 33.
— (Phragniatobia), 113.
trigonalis (Pericallia), 109.
triliueata (Zatrephcs), 13.
Tringa, 198, 425, 494.
Tringite.s, 425.
Tringoides, 199, 425, 499.
trinitatis (Ecpanthcria), 173.
tripartita (Pericallia), 170.
triptulcmnus (Lcucorhamplia), 450.
tripuiietata (Automolis), 20.
tristis (lleniihyalea), 50.
— (Isclinoeanipa), 47.
— (Rhopodytes), 190, 218.
— (Thaouiophilu.s), 340.
trivialis (Anthus), 245.
trivirgata (Lupkospiza), 207.
trivirgatus (LopUospizias), 207.
trivitta (Estignienc), 105.
Trochaloptcron, 233, 234.
trochilirostris (Campylorhamphusi), 331, 332,
333.
— (Dendrocolaptes), 331.
— (Xiphorliynchus), 331.
trochiloides (Phylloscopus), 240.
Trochilus, 373-7.
Troglodytes, 204.
troglodytoides (Spclaeorni.'^), 480, 481.
Trogon, 387.
truncatits (Tcninurus), 252.
tschudii (Thamnophilus), 337, 339, 42S.
tsingtauana (Diacrisia), 123.
tuberculifer (Myiarchus), 302.
— (Tyraunus), 302.
tucumana (Halisidota), 58, 61.
tui (Brotogerys), 405.
tuipara (Brotogeris), 406.
tunncyi (Amata), 431.
turbida (Diacrisia), 145, 146.
turcomana (Bubo), 111, 112.
— (Strix), HI.
turcoinanus (Bubo), 110.
tiu'dina (Jluscicapa), 310.
Turdinulus, 190, 230.
turdnius (Automolus), 321.
— (Heleodytes), 261.
— (Opetiorh}fnchus), 261.
— (Seotothorus), 310.
Turdus, 236, 237, 258-61, 276, 316, 363, 365,
371.
turensis (Diacrisia), 147.
Turnix, 192.
Turruptiana, 176.
lurruptianoidcs (AutomoUs), IS.
Turtur, 190, 195, 503.
tusalia (Macropygia), 194.
tybris (Automolis), 28.
typicus (Macropus), 92.
Tyranniscus, 293.
Tyi-aunula, 297.
Tyrannulus, 292.
tyrannulus (Hcrpornis), 230.
Tyrannus, 294, 302, 316.
tyrannus (Falco), 412.
— (Muscieapa), 302.
— (.Muscivora), 302.
— (Spizaetus), 412.
Tyria, 74.
'I'vta, 500.
ugandac (Pseudapiconoma). 413.
umber (.Ania.stus), 53.
— (Elysius), 44.
( 550 )
unibrutilis (Ephialitcs), 204.
— (Otus). :i(M.
umbretta (Myiothcra), 3-23.
— (Sclerurus), 323.
umbrina (Halisidota), 68.
uncinatus (Falco), 413.
— (Leptodon), 413.
underwoodi (Automolis), 27.
— (Diairisia), 120.
— (C.laucostola), 187.
— (Halisidota), 60.
undulatum (Tigrisoma), 424.
undulatu.s (Tinamus), 420.
unicolor (Automolis), 26.
— (Cnipolcgus), 285.
unifascia (Diacrisia), 125.
uiiiformis (Automolis), 23.
— (Diacrisia), 143.
— (Halisidota), 68.
— (Hyle.xetastes), 329, 330, 427.
unilinea (Diacrisia), 133.
— (Estigmene), 163.
unilineata (Cissura), 29.
uuipuncta (Estigmene), 102.
Upupa, 217.
uralcnsis (Phragniatobia), 115.
I'ria, 494, 503.
Urocichla, 480, 481, 482.
Urocissa, 189, 254.
Urogalba, 388.
Uroloncha, 247.
uropygialis (Attila), 315.
— (Basileuterus), 265.
— (Dasj'cephala), 315.
Urospatha, 387.
Urosphena, 238.
ursina (Tesscllarctia), 36.
urticac (Diacrisia), 124.
Urubitinga, 411, 412.
urubitinga (Falco), 411.
— (Urubitinga), 411.
Utcthcisa, 181, 182.
utica (Hemihyalea), 51.
vagans (Diacrisia), 147.
Vaginalis, 503.
validus (Attila), 316.
vandepolli (Amata), 436.
— (Diacrisia), 155.
Vanellus, 503.
varia (Ccrylc). 210.
— ((irallaria), 309.
varians (Virbia), 77.
— (Actinot*), 464.
variegata (Zatrephes), 13.
variegatus (Campylorbynclius), 261.
varicgafus (Crypturus), 421.
— (Nuracnius). 2(KI.
— (Tetrao), 421.
— (Tinamus), 421.
vai'ius (Formicarius), 369.
venata (Baritius), 39.
— (Idalus), 8.
— (Malloeephala), 177.
venezuelensis (Campylorhamphus), 331, 332,
333.
— (Halisidota), 62.
— (Molotbrus), 283.
— (Xiphorhynchus), 331.
Vcniliornis. 383, 427.
venosa (Diacrisia), .500.
— (Malloeephala). 500.
venosata (Bituryx). 71.
ventralis (Hoplopterus), 200.
venusta (Neophema), 500.
venustum (Eupyrrhoglossum), 453.
versicolor (Lanio), 275, 428.
— (Tachyphonus), 275.
Tespa (Eressa), 438.
vespiformis (Metaxanthia), 70.
vespoides (Eressa), 438.
victoria (Ptilorhis), 488.
vidua (Rhodogastria), 183.
vigens (Ardices), 110.
villosus (Rhoethomis), 374.
violacea (Euphonia), 272.
— (Fringilla), 272.
violaceus ( Lampropsar), 283, 428.
— (Pionias), 408.
— (Ptilonorhynchus), 484.
— (Trogon), 387.
vioUtincta (Diospage), 82.
Virbia, 76-9.
Vireo, 268, 269.
Viieosylvia, 268.
virescens (Automolis), 18.
— (Pipra), 308.
virgatus (Aceipiter), 190, 209-12.
— (Falco), 210.
virginica (Diacrisia), 123.
viridiccps (Rhynchocyclus), 295, 296.
viridis (Aoluroedus), 485.
— (Creciscus), 422.
— (Diacrisia), 120.
— (Galbula), 388.
— (Hirundo), 271.
— (Merops), 482, 483.
— (Oriolus), 281.
— (Ostinops), 281.
— (Procnias), 271.
— (Psopbia), 422, 423, 427.
— (Rallus), 422.
— (Trogon), 387.
( 551 )
vitrea (Automolis), 28.
— (Rhodogastria), 18-t.
vitreata (Halisidota), 69.
— (PseudapicoQoma), 445.
vitrinus (Cocytrius), 456.
vittata (Acantliarctia), 155.
— (Creatoaotus), 159.
— (Estigmene), 166.
vittigera (Euplesia). 20.
vittipes (Automolis), 27.
vivida (Antarctia), 178.
— (Diacrisia), 139.
Volatinia, 281.
VolTOcivora, 228.
vulgaris (Cotumix). 191.
vulpecula (Siptomis), 320.
vulpina (Siptomis), 319, 320.
— (Synallaxis), 319.
Vultur, 409, 412.
vulturina (Gypopsitta), 408, 427.
vulturinus (Gypopsitta), 408.
— (Pionias), 408.
— (Psittacns), 40S.
woodward! (Maoropus). 94, 95-102, 107.
wrayi (Chrysophlegma), 221, 222.
xanthia (Idalus), 8.
xantholeuca (Herpornis), 230.
xanthomelaena (Saxioola), 479.
Xanthomelus, 491.
xauthomeria (Caica), 408.
xanthomerius (Pionitea), 408, 428.
xanthomerus (Pionias). 408.
Xanthopliaeina, 34.
xanthopleura (Virbia), 78.
xanthoprymna (JIunia), .501.
Xanthopygia, 226.
xanthosticta (Hemihyalea), 51.
Xenopipo, 284, 308.
Xenops, 322, 427.
Xiphocolaptes, .329.
Xipholeaa, 316.
Xiphorhynchus, 331, 332, 333.
xylina (Nephele), 457.
Xyloplianes, 448, 454-9.
walkeri (HaUsidota), 67, 505, 506.
wallacei (Dierurus), 249.
wallacii (Scotothoms), 311, 312.
wardi (Attacus), 507.
watsonii (Ephialtes), 414.
— (Otus), 414, 428.
— (Pisorhina), 414.
wattersi (Alauda), 246.
weddellii (Conurus), 403, 428.
whiteheadi (Diacrisia), 151.
— (Gennaeus), 191.
— (Neeressa), 439.
— (Pericallia), 170.
— (Urooissa), 189, 254.
M-liitelyi (Glaucidium), 205.
whitfordi (Automolis), 25.
wiedii (Pteroglossus), 397.
wUliami (Amata), 433.
— (Pericallia), ITU.
woodfordi (Hyalaethea), 439, 440.
woodlarkiana (Diacrisia), 145.
y-albula (Phragmatobia), 113.
yeni (Calliste), 273.
ypsilon (Maenas), 117.
yuracares (Cassious), 282.
— (Gymnostinops), 282.
zatima (Diacrisia), 131.
Zatrephes, 12-14, 187.
Zebrilus, 424.
zenzeroides (Automolis), 24.
zeylonensis (Ketupa), 206.
— (Strix), 206.
zenana (Automolis), 27.
zonata (Virbia), 77.
zononata (Dichrozona), 361.
zoragena (Phragmatobia), 84.
zoraida (Phragmatobia), 84.
Zosterops, 242, 243, 504.
zosterops (Euaoarthmus), 289, 290, 291, 292.
Printed by Hazett, jyation d- VtHty, Ld., Loniton and Aytetburjt.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XVII. 1910.
Pl. I.
Terzi de!.
A. Mocropv.^ rnhimtus cfrviHUS, f£ ad. I', M. /■. tuhtnj^. q'" <i...
(Nittntal size.)
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VoL. XVII. 1910.
Pu. II.
A, I). Mncropus ruhnsttis iiwdirardi, ^ atl. I. , 1>. .1/. i: ullii/ntoris, J ad.
^!lcd^lcc^^ by one-tbiid.)
>JOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE VOL. XVII. 1910.
Pl. 111.
A, B. Macropvi robustuf: aUxamlriae. J ad.
(Uoduccl by oiieafth.)
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XVII. 1910.
PL. IV.
A. MacrniHis robust iis rci/iiiai; (J .-ul.arl. P.. .V. /■. ernhrsvens. (J subatl.
(XHtun)l aiK.)
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XVII. 1910.
PL. V.
Tail of Teniiiitrui niyra.
NoVITATES ZOOLOGIC^ VoL.XVII. 1 91 0.
PI. VI.
H Granvold del etllth.
UROCISSA WHITEHEADI.
West,Newm«j» imp.
NOVITATES ZoOLOGIC« VoL. XVII ] 91 0.
PI. VII.
yv.
^
H.Gron.vold deletlith
Wool. Newman imp
1. SPELAEORNIS SOULIEI. 2. SPELAEORNIS CAUDATA.
3. SPELAEORNIS OATESI. 4. SPHENOCICHLA HUMEI.
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rti I inlfsrti litltfor nniutr
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I'fiiorliis iitn(j)iitli:i-i inlfiriulrux ,,.,.,,,
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Mdiiiirodin comi'ii .
.\f<lliilrii(liil. (itril dlli'id .
Mdiiiiroiliii chiiliibiitd iiyii'iitiilis
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( 'lihinviili'rii nurli iJix mo-lidjix
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Siy'iioj/f><'e/i:x ih'ntiroxtrix
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I'riivwdura newtoiii'iim
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■L.X.
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EGGS OF PARACIS'
PLATE XI.
1, 2. Halisidota fuliginosa Rothsch. cf ?
10, 11. „ alra Druce. <^ ? .
28, 29. „ bricenoi Rothsch. J ? .
19, 20. „ interlineata interlhieata Walk. (J ?
12, 13. „ „ iiiteiisa Rotlisch. ^ ? .
3, 4. ,, underwoodi undertooodi Rothsch. c? ?
30, 31. ,, „ orientalis Roth.sch. (J ?
6, 7. „ cinclipes cinctipes Grote. cJ ? .
23, 24 „ „ ineridensis Rothsch. (J ?
32, 33. „ „ insidaris Rothsch. (J ?
16, 17. „ „ titcitmana Rothsch. cJ ?
18, 27. „ davisi H. Edw. c? ?
21, 22. „ schaufii schanxi Roth.sch. c? S
U, 15. „ ., pallida Rothsch. c? ?
5. „ „ bra^ilioisls Roth.sch. ?
25, 26. „ steinbachi Rothsch. c? ? .
8, 9. „ tessdla/ris iessellarw Abbot A- Smith. cJ ?
34, 35. „ „ meridiotudis Rothscli. ^ $
36, 37. „ oslari Rothsch. (J ?
p. 60
p. 61
p. 60
p. 61
p. 62
p. 61
p. 62
p. 61
NoviTATES ZooLOGic,€ Vol. XVII. 1910
PI. XI
Horace Knight del.
Rcpr.: A. Friscli, Berlin W
PLATE XII.
1. Ochroilohi similis Kothsch. cJ .
2. „ tessellata Rothsch. (J
3. „ bruniiescens Rothsch. J
4. „ (tffinis Rothsch. ?
5. „ atra Rothsch. (J
G. TesseUurctiu distinda Rothsch. J
7. Carathis kktgesi Rothsch. J"
8. „ australis Rothsch. ? .
9. Xeidalia dognini Rothsch. cj .
10. Zulrephes rufescens Rothsch. J
11. Ilalisidola haritioides Rothsch. (J
15. ,, dnnamomejt Rothscli. ?
18. ,, terranea Rothsch. J
22. ,, bombijeina Rothsch. ?
31. ., niyresceiis Rothscli. ¥
35. ,, setosa Rothsch. J .
36. ,, oruboides Rothsch. S
37. „ similis Rothsch. (J .
38, 39, 40. „ imnctata Rothsch. i S
41. ,, flarescens Rothsch. ?
42. ,, hoffmannsi Roth,sch. (J
12. J'araneriia odm-ata Rothsch. (J. See Ann
13. „ jyurpurasceiis Rothsch.
14. Elygius ammeloides Rothsch. J
21. „ niagnifica Rothsch. J" .
20. ,, terranea Rothsch, c?
IG. Ilemihijuha teetacea Rothsch. J
17. ., tristis Rothsch. J .
24. ., fiisca fiisca Rothsch. c?-
25. ., brnimescens Rothsch. ^
19. Ammttts hainpsoni Rothsch. S
2G. „ pseiidocollaris Rothsch. ?
20. Ammalo klayesi Rothsch. ?
27. Opharus aurantiactis Rothsch. cJ
28, 29. A utomolis ]>seudo7neoides Rothsch. J?
30. PelochyUt affinis Rothsch. ?. See Ann. May.
32. Baritixis Jlavescens Rothsch. S •
33. „ venata Rothsch. (J
34. „ schansi Rothsch. V
May.
11
iV. jy. iv. 1909
iv. 1909. p,
p. 22
Pi
210,
p. 36
p. 37
1'
6
1'
12
p-
70
p-
G9
p-
59
p-
69
)J
p-
59
p-
G2
p-
70
p-
69
p-
59
p. 43
p."42
p. 51
p. 50
50
51
I. 52
I. 53
.. 34
i. 47
.. 24
p. 39
NoviTATEs ZooLOGic/E Vol. XVII. 1910
PI. XII
Horace Knight del.
Repr.: A. Frisch. Berlin W
PLATE XIII.
6. Uyponerita garleppi Rothsch. S- See vol. x\-i. p. 299.
4. ,, ockeudeni posterior Rothsch. ? . See vol. xvi. p. 298.
5. „ „ ockendeni Rothsch. S- n n
1. „ viola borealis Rothsch. ? = Xerit08 tipolis Druce. See vol. xvi. p. 298.
3. Paraneriia sujusa sufiisa Rothsch. <?. See vol. xvi. p. 298.
•J. „ „ trinitatis Rothsch. J. .. „
7. Xeidalia ockendeni Rothsch. cJ . . . . p. 6
8. Prumala palmeri Rothsch. <J p. 9
9. Auiomolis tumiptianoides Rothsch. J p. 18
10. „ doynini Rothsch. ? P- 19
33. ., luridoides Rothsch. J ,
34. ,, pseiidq/Javescens Rothsch. S ■ ■ . p. 20
35. ,, feneslruta Rothsch. c? "
37. „ dilucida Rothsch. d P- -6
38. „ ntficatula Rothsch. (J ....... .,
12. Halieidota hyalinipuncta Rothsch. c? p. 56
13. „ ohlonga Rothsch. S P- C5
27. „ affinis Rothsch. S P- 59
16. „ minuta Rothsch. S p. 67
19. „ nonagrioides Rothsch. ? . p. 64
21. „ ockendeni Rothsch. ? p. 69
25. ., inexpectnta Rothsch. (J p. 70
28. „ nuhUoms Rothsch. S- See Ann. May. S. H. iv. 1909. p. 222.
31. „ flavorufa Rothsch. J P- 66
17,32. „ walkeri major Rothsch. (^ ^ = II. anmtlosa Walk. . . . p. 67
18, 30. „ ,, waUeri Rothsch. J ? = /?. catemilata Hiibn. (nee
Hampsou) . „
11,26. „ sohrinoides Rothsch. cj ? = //. andrdepia Dogn. . . p. 60
14. Amaelua dnicei Roth.-ch. c? • . p. 54
24. „ pahiieri Rothsch. <J p. 55
23. „ rosenberyi Rothsch. ? . . . . . „
20. ,, steinbuchi Rothsch. cJ P- 5*
22. „ dognini Rothsch. ^ ......... „
29. „ rv/escens Rothsch. S .........
15. Elysius omissus Rothsch. S . . . ■ ■ ■ . p. 41
36. Auiomolis hyalina amacidata Rothsch. (J . . . . . p. 23
39, 40. Jlelesse chozeba intensa Rothsch. (J ? P- 30
41. „ erythrastis Dogn. g p. 32
42. UaemanoUi cubana Rothsi-h. <J =: Neritos sanguidorsia Schans . . p. 35
NoviTATEs ZooLOGic^ Vol. XVII. 1910
PI. XIII
Horace Knight del.
Rcpr. : A. Frisch, Berlin W
PLATE XIV.
1. Halisklota suhjasciata Rothsch. jj
3. „ pseiido7)iaii(Ia Rothsch. (J
28 ,, notodontina Rothsch. (J
3. Euchlaenidia neghcta Rothsch. ^ .
4. Holomelhui mathani Rothsch. ? .
5. Yirbia striijata Rothsch. (J .
6. Epimedia oberthueri Rothsch. cJ .
7. Ocnogyna pretiosa (dhovitUitn Rothsch. <?
8. Zatrep/ies atrata Rothsch. (J.
9. Rohiiuonia hlayesl Rothsch. ?
10. Autonwlia fidiginosa Rothsch. ? .
11, 34. Diacri»ia rmidepoUi Rothsch. (J J
14. „ pardalhm Roth.scli. ?
19. „ buryi Rothsoli. ^ .
29. „ schrnderi Rothsch. - S ■
40. „ irrorata Rothsch. fj
20. „ ocketideni Rothsch. $
42. „ biitti Rothsch. c? .
25. „ irreyularis Rothsch. $ .
21. „ scioana intenna Rothsch. ? .
41. „ bumianica Rothsch. ^ .
12. Antarctia peruviana Roth.sch. (J .
15, 24. „ palmeri Rothsch. cJ ? .
17. „ ockendeni Rothsch. ?
18. „ haenschi Rothsch. ?
:?0, :il. „ vh-ida Rothsch. <? ? .
26. ,, ciiethocainpnides Rothsch. ^ .
2.3, 32. „ steinhMhi Roth.scli. c? ?
13. Eli/siiis strigilluta Rothsch. jj
22. Mallocepluda magna Rothsch. cf •
16. ,, venata Rothsch. (J = Mnenxis surgen^
35. Ischnocampa pelhmda Rothsch. (J ^ Microdota len
27. .tffienas affinis Roth.sch. ? .
39. „ ypsdon Rothsch. ^ .
37. Glaucosiola underwoodi Rothsch. (J
38. Phragmatobia fidiginosa pallida Rothsch. {?
33. ,, oberlliueri Rothsch. ^
36. Veritas eximius Rothsch. S ■
Walk. cJ
striata Dosrn.
p
66
p
65
p
188
p
75
p
76
p
78
p
79
p-
83
p-
187
p-
155
p
128
p-
126
p-
128
p-
119
p-
120
p-
126
p
125
p-
130
p-
121
p-
180
p-
177
p-
178
p-
179
p-
178
p-
179
»)
p-
187
p-
177
p-
188
p-
118
p-
117
p-
187
p-
116
p-
114
p-
186
N( .Vn AXES ZouLOGlCxE Vol.. XVII . 1 9 1 0
PI. XIV
.li
%iiirr
Horace Knight del.
Rcpr.: A. Frisch, Berlin W
For Exj>l:niafioii of Plate XV. cf. p. 401.
NoviTATEs ZooLOGiM Vol. XVII. 1910
PI. XV
A. J. E. Terzi del.
Repr.: A. Frisch, Berlin W
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
SPHINGIDAE.
BY THE
Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
AXD
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
PRICE: for Booksellers, £4; for the Public, £5.
cxxxv and 972 pages, with 67 Plates.
Tlie Wm-k has been jifesented (free of charge) to all suhsanbers to
Volume IX. of '•'■ NoviUdes Zoologicac."
\
Advertisements of Zoological Objects and Zoological Books only accepted.
Subscriptions for the present Volume are due NOW.
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